12. Words in the Common Version not well understood by some, in words more familiar.

12. Words in the Common Version not well understood by some, in words more familiar.

Acceptance of persons, wrong regard for persons. To adjure, to command to answer an oath. Ado, outcry. Adversary, foe. Adversity, affliction, distress. Advocate, pleader. Allegory, description of one thing by another. Alms, gifts. Anathema, a setting aside under condemnation. Angel, [heavenly] messenger. Apostle, chief messenger. Apparel, clothes, clothing. Appease, quiet. Appertains, belongs or relates to. Array, dress. Archangel, chief [heavenly] messenger. At hand, has come near. Audience, to give; to listen to. Austere, harsh. Avenge, punish for injury.

Babble, prate, talk foolishly. Backbite, slander. Baptism, immersion. Baptize, immerse. (1.) Barbarians, people of foreign race and language. Beguile, deceive. Behoved him, it was due that he; or he was bound. Believe, the Greek and Syrian words often mean to trust. (2.) Believer, he who trusts, one trusting. Betroth, engage to be married. Bewray, betray. Bishop, overseer. (3.) Blaspheme, speak evil of, revile. Born of water and of the Spirit. John 3:5. Christians are not BORN of the Spirit, but BEGOTTEN by him; nor are they begotten by means of water, but by means of God’s word. 1 Peter 1:23. The Greek word used in John 3:5, is GENNAOMAI, which sometimes is applied to birth of a mother, and then means to be born, as in Matthew 2:1, "when Jesus was born in Bethlehem;" and sometimes to origin from a father, when it means begotten, as in Matthew 1:2, "Abraham begat Isaac." In John 3:5, this word must of necessity be used in both of these senses. It must mean BORN, as to water, which does not beget; and BEGOTTEN, as to the Holy Spirit, of whom no one is BORN. So that the correct English translation must be, "Be born of water, and begotten by the Spirit." By and by, immediately.

Note 1. The Syriac word used where the Greek word means "was baptized," is AMAD. Wichelhaus says, "It means, was immersed, and admirably expresses what baptism properly is; it explains what the Apostles teach, that we are immersed, and buried with Christ," (pg. 308.) He says also of Hebrews 6:4, where the Greek has, "were once enlightened," "The Syriac has ’they descended to immersion,’ from which it appears, first, that the recently baptized were said to be enlightened; and next, that those who were baptized descended into a bath." (pg. 332.) He says also, "It appears from the Syriac words of 1 Peter 3:21, meaning, ’when ye profess God with a pure conscience,’ that a profession of God was made in baptism." (pg. 332.)

Note 2. Wichelhaus remarks, that the Syriac word HAIMONUTHO, which is used where the Greek has PISTIS, expresses "much more fully than" this Greek word does, "the true idea of faith; it denotes that state of mind, in which..... the heart places TRUST in what is most firm and certain." (pg. 329.) John 14:1, is an illustration of the manner in which the Syriac sometimes gives a meaning which is without ambiguity, when the meaning of the Greek is uncertain. A Greek word is twice used, which in each case may either be a statement or a command. In the common version it is once translated as a statement, once as a command: - "Ye BELIEVE in God, BELIEVE also in me." The Syriac has, "Trust in God, trust also in me," which commends itself as being probably the true meaning.

Note 3. Wichelhaus says, "To all men who love truth, it is sufficiently evident that in the letters of Paul, the office of bishop does not differ from the office of elder. This is proved most clearly by the Syriac, in which [the Greek words for] both bishop and elder are translated by the Syriac word KOSHISHO, elder. By this testimony of the Syriac, those are refuted who say, persuading themselves I know not how, that [modern] episcopacy was instituted by John. It is most certain that in the time of the Syriac translator there was no episcopal authority in the church." (pg. 331.)

Candlestick, Hebrews 9:2, lamp-stand. Carnak, fleshly. Carriages, Acts 21:15, baggage. Centurion, captain of a hundred foot-men. Chambering, Romans 13:13, deeds of bed-lust. Charger, Matthew 14:8, dish. Charity, love. Chasten, punish. Christ, the Anointed. Church, (both in Syriac and Greek), assembly. (4.) Circumcise, to cut the foreskin around. Cloven tongues, Acts 2:3, tongues divided into parts. Commend, Luke 23:46, yield up; Romans 16:1, recommend. Commit, 1 Peter 4:19, intrust. Commune, to share in common, but in Luke 6:11; Luke 22:4; Luke 24:15, talk, converse. Communicate, Galatians 6:6, Hebrews 13:16, give gifts; Galatians 2:2, to state something to (others.) Communication, 1 Corinthians 15:33, companionship; Ephesians 4:29, talking with. Communion, 1 Corinthians 10:16, [sign of] common interest in; 2 Corinthians 6:14, in common; 13:14, gift of, or fellowship of (the Spirit.) Compassed with, Hebrews 5:2, clothed with. Compassed about, Hebrews 11:30, gone round. Comprehend, John 1:5, Ephesians 3:18, perceive; Romans 13:9, sum up. Conceive, James 1:15, become pregnant. Concision, Php 3:2, those who cut and kill. Conclude, Romans 11:32, Galatians 3:22, inclose, shut up. Concupiscence, Romans 7:8, covetousness, lawless desire. Conditions, Luke 14:32, terms. Confer, take counsel with. Confess, sometimes, profess. Confirm, Acts 14:22, make steadfast. Consecrated, Hebrews 7:28, perfected; 10:20, newly made. Consorted, Acts 17:4, joined their lot with. Constrain, 1 Corinthians 7:9, have self-control. Conversation, 1 Peter 1:15, conduct, course of conduct. Conversion, Acts 15:3, turning to God. Convert, James 5:19, to turn a person to God. Covered, Romans 4:7, (sins) forgiven.

Note 4. The Syriac word, as well as the Greek word, for what is commonly called A CHURCH, means an assembly. Wichelhaus says that the Peshito describes it to be "a congregation, an assembly, a meeting, in which some fill the office of elders, others of servants."

Deacon, servant. Dearth, famine. Dedicate (a covenant), Hebrews 9:18, to make binding, by killing and dividing some living creature. (5.) Defer, Acts 24:22, to delay, to adjourn. Deliver to Satan, exclude from the Christian assembly. (6.) Descent, Hebrews 7:3, family-record. Desolate, of a person, Revelation 17:16, in want. Desolation of a country, Matthew 12:25, likeness to a desert. Despiteful, Romans 1:30, full of spite or scorn. Determinate counsel, Acts 2:23, fixed design. Devotions, Acts 17:23, objects of worship. Discern, judge of, or between. Disciple, a submissive learner. Dispensation, stewardship. Disputation, debate. Dissemble, feign. Dissimulation, pretence. Divination, pretence to foretell events. Doctors, Luke 2:46, teachers. Doctrine, teachment, what is taught. Dominions, Colossians 1:16, Lords. Draught, seat of relief. Dureth, continues.

Note 5. See the custom in Genesis 15:9-18. Wichelhaus says, "The ancients threatened men, that if they broke a covenant, they would be cut in pieces, as the animals were cut in pieces over which it was customary to take the oath." He suggests that the words "shall cut him asunder," Matthew 24:51, probably refer to this custom.

Note 6. The Greek, of 1 Corinthians 5:3-5, implies that the WHOLE ASSEMBLY was to deliver the person to Satan. Wichelhaus remarks that the Syriac uses the words, "that YE deliver;" showing more fully that the act was to be that of the whole assembly.

Earnest, a gift given to prove fulfilment sure, sure pledge. Easter, Passover. Edify and edification, build up, building up. Effeminate, 1 Corinthians 6:9, men-harlots. Elect and election, choose, choice. Emulation, Romans 11:14, zeal; Galatians 5:20, rivalry. Ensample, example. Ensue, 1 Peter 3:11, pursue. Epistle, letter. Eschew, 1 Peter 3:11, depart from. Espouse, 2 Corinthians 11:2, engage to be married. Establish, Hebrews 13:9, make firm. Estate, low, Luke 1:48, lowly state. Estates, chief, Mark 6:21, first men. Eunuch, a stoneless man. Evangelist, one who tells good tidings. Exorcists, Acts 19:13, those who pretended to cast out devils. Expedient, 2 Corinthians 8:10, useful, of advantage. Extortion, unjust exaction.

Fables, 2 Timothy 4:4, fictions. Faithless, be not, but believing; John 20:27, be not trustless but trustful. Fashion, Luke 9:29, and James 1:11, appearance; Acts 7:44, pattern; 1 Corinthians 7:31, plan; Php 2:8, form. Fellowship, Php 3:10, sharing in; Acts 2:42, probably, the giving of gifts; 1 Corinthians 1:9; 1 John 1:3, association with. Flux, bloody; a flow of blood from the bowels. Froward, 1 Peter 2:18, perverse.

Gainsay, Luke 21:15, reply to. Gainsayers, Titus 1:9, those who speak in opposition. Gainsaying, Acts 10:29, objecting; Jude 1:11, opposing speeches. Gangrene, in margin of 2 Timothy 2:17, a deadly sore. Garner, granary. Garnish, put in order, adorn. Gatherings, 1 Corinthians 16:2, collections. Gender, beget. Genealogies, 1 Timothy 1:4, family-records. Generation, Matthew 1:1, parentage; Matthew 1:17, men of like age, or of the same period; Matthew 3:7, offspring; Matthew 12:39, men of like character. Gentiles, the nations, other than the Hebrews. Gift, Matthew 5:23-24, gift-offering. Glistering, Luke 9:29, flashing like lightning. God forbid, by no means. Gorgeous, splendid. Gospel, good tidings, good message. Grace, Romans 5:20, merciful favour; 1 Peter 4:10, gifts of merciful favour. Grounded, having a foundation on. Guile, deceit.

Hallowed be, Matthew 6:9, be held holy. Halt, Matthew 15:31; Matthew 18:8, lame; those named with the lame seem to be the crippled in hand, from 18:8, "hand or foot." Handmaid, Luke 1:38; Luke 1:48, bond-servant. Heathen, those of the nations not Hebrews. Heirs, sometimes, as in 1 Peter 3:7, inheritors, in possession. Hell, sometimes not the place of torment, but, as in Acts 2:31, of spirits absent from the body. Heresy, a self-willed plan. Heretic, one who follows a self-willed plan. Heritage, 1 Peter 5:3, inheritance, possession. Holy Ghost, Holy Spirit. Honour, sometimes, as in 1 Timothy 5:3, honour with a gift. Hospitality, love shown to strangers. Husbandman, one who tills the ground, farmer. Husbandry, God’s, 1 Corinthians 3:9, God’s tilled field. Hypocrisy, false show. Hypocrite, one who makes a false show.

Idol, image. Idolatry, the worship of images. Illuminated, Hebrews 10:32, enlightened. Immortality; in 1 Corinthians 15:53, this dying [body] must put on life which cannot die. Immutability, Hebrews 6:17, changelessness. Impenitent, Romans 2:5, unrepenting, without change of mind. Implacable, Romans 1:31, never at peace. Implead one another, Acts 19:38, prosecute one another. Importunity, shameless begging. Impotent, John 5:3, sick people; Acts 14:8, strengthless. Impute, reckon. Incontinence, want of self-restraint. Incorruptible, which cannot perish. Incorruption, 1 Corinthians 15:53, life which cannot perish. This perishing [body] must put on [life] which cannot perish. Infidel, 2 Corinthians 6:15, 1 Timothy 5:8, one who does not trust. Infirmity, weakness. Iniquity, Matthew 13:41, what is unlawful; 23:28, law-breaking, lawlessness; Acts 1:18, unrighteousness. Inordinate affection, Colossians 3:5, passionate desire. Instant, Romans 12:12, persevering. Instantly, Luke 7:4, Acts 26:7, earnestly. Insurrection, uprising, rebellion. Intercession, intreaty on behalf of others. Interpret, Acts 4:36, translate. Interpretation, 2 Peter 1:20, prophetic meaning. Issue, Matthew 22:25, offspring.

Jeopardy, danger. Judgment, sometimes as in James 2:13, condemning judgment. Justify, declare righteous. Justification, the declaring a person to be righteous.

Kindred, relations of the same family, tribe, or race. Kinsfolk, Luke 2:44; Luke 21:16, relations. Kinsman, John 18:26; Romans 16:11, a relation.

Lasciviousness, lustfulness, gratified lust. Laud, extol. Lawyer, a teacher of the Law of Moses. Lewdness, reckless wrong-doing. Life, often a life of blessedness; as in the words, eternal life. In Syriac, LIFE is used where the Greek has SALVATION, and means a life of blessedness. Lineage, line of descent. Low estate, Luke 1:48, lowly state. To lust, to long for eagerly. Lust, strong and wrong desire.

Magnificence, Acts 19:27, great glory. Magnify, Luke 1:46, praise greatly. Majesty, Hebrews 1:3, greatness. Malefactor, wrong-doer. Malignity, Romans 1:29, crafty malice. Manifestation, Romans 8:19, revealing to sight. Manifold, Luke 18:30, many times; Ephesians 3:10, very much varied (wisdom); 1 Peter 1:6; 1 Peter 4:10, various. Martyr, a witness-bearer. Master, often, teacher. Meat, food. Mediator, one who stands between God and man; to stay, as Aaron did, in Numbers 16:48, God’s anger. For a memorial, to bring to memory. Messiah, a Hebrew word, like Christ in Greek, the Anointed. Minister, servant. Ministration, serving. Ministry, service. Mortal, dying. Mortality, that which dies. Mortify, put to death. Multiply, to increase in number, or, Acts 12:24, in effect. Mystery, a secret.

Nations, the; Luke 12:30, those not Hebrews. Nay, no. Noisome, Revelation 16:2, hurtful. Nurture, Ephesians 6:4, instruction.

Observation, Luke 17:20, outward watching for. Occasion, opportunity. Offence, sometimes sin, as in 2 Corinthians 11:7; transgression, as in Romans 5:15; sometimes a cause of stumbling, as in Romans 16:17, and 1 Peter 2:8. Offend, often, to make stumble, as in Matthew 5:29; sometimes, to stumble, to be faulty, as in James 2:10; James 3:2. Omnipotent, almighty. Oracles, words. Ordain, 1 Corinthians 7:17, Titus 1:5, arrange, appoint. Ordinances, commands. Overcharged, Luke 21:34, be weighed down.

Palsy, now called paralysis. A parable, a comparison. Passion, after his; Acts 1:3, after he suffered death. Pastor, shepherd. Patience, sometimes as in Romans 2:7, patient continuance; sometimes, as in 2 Corinthians 1:6, bearing patiently. Pentecost, fiftieth day after the Passover; the feast of harvest-thanksgiving. Perdition, destruction. Phylacteries, words of Scripture worn on the dress. Potentate, mighty. Preach, Luke 8:1, to tell good tidings; Luke 9:2, to proclaim, to make proclamation; Luke 9:60, and Acts 4:2, to make known; or announce; Acts 8:25, to speak. Predestinate, Romans 8:29, to destine beforehand. Prevent, Matthew 17:25, to speak or act in advance of another. Prophesy, 1 Corinthians 14:3, to build up, admonish, or comfort by means of a miraculous gift. Propitiation; Romans 3:25, Hebrews 2:17, 1 John 2:2; 1 John 4:10, atonement. Proselytes, converts to the law of Moses. Provoke, to make angry; but in Hebrews 10:24, to urge onward; in Romans 10:19; Romans 11:14, to excite to jealous zeal. Publican, a tax-collector. Purloin, Titus 2:10, pilfer.

Quicken, to make alive, give life to.

Receive, Romans 14:1; Php 2:29, embrace. Recompence of reward for transgression, Hebrews 2:2, just repayment of punishment. Recompense to no one evil for evil, Romans 12:17, repay, etc., also repay in 2 Thessalonians 1:6; Hebrews 10:30. Redeem, set free by ransom; Titus 2:14; 1 Peter 1:18; Revelation 5:9, to buy; and in Galatians 3:13; Galatians 4:5, to buy out (of curse.) Redemption, Hebrews 9:12, freedom by ransom. Regeneration, begetting again. This English word is used only twice in the New Covenant Scriptures, and both times WRONGLY, instead of NEW BIRTH. The Greek word in Matthew 19:28, means the new birth (of the new creation.) In Titus 3:5, it also means new birth: - "By means of the bath of new birth." The words probably refer to baptism, as the birth or manifestation of that new life which the Holy Spirit begets beforehand, by means of God’s WORD. See 1 Peter 1:23, James 1:18. The divine act called begetting by Peter and James in these passages, is called in Titus 3:5, the renewing of the Holy Spirit. The false rendering, "REGENERATION," claims SPECIAL ATTENTION. Because, by means of it many teach that new life is BEGOTTEN BY BAPTISM, and deceive many fatally. Remission, forgiveness (of sins.) Remnant, Romans 11:5, those who are spared, a spared number; in Matthew 22:6; Revelation 11:13; Revelation 12:17; Revelation 19:21, the rest. Repent, follow a new mind. Reprobate, false, counterfeit. Respect of persons, wrong regard for persons. Restitution, Acts 3:21, restoration. Resurrection, rising up (from death.) Revenge, 2 Corinthians 10:6, punish. Rudiments, Colossians 2:8, low-grade lessons.

Lord of sabbaoth, Lord of armies. Sabbath, (day of) rest. Sacrifice, a slain-offering. Sacrilege, robbing a temple. Saints, holy ones. Salvation, the Syriac uses the word LIFE, where the Greek has SALVATION. This shows how great is the error of those who say that the promise of eternal life is merely the promise of eternal existence, instead of the promise of a life of bliss. Sanctify, make holy; the death of Christ is said to make holy by the efficacy of his sacrifice, Hebrews 9:13; Hebrews 10:10; the Spirit is said to make holy, 2 Thessalonians 2:13; and by means of God’s truth, John 17:17. Sanctification, the being made holy. Sanctuary, a holy place. Savour, sweet smell. Ephesians 5:2, an odour of sweet smell. Savourest not, Matthew 16:23, dost not approve of. Schism, 1 Corinthians 12:25, division, split. Scribes, learned writers. Scrip, bag for food. Scripture, the writing; some word like "holy," as expressed in Romans 1:2, and in 2 Timothy 3:15, is understood when the words "the writing" refer to God’s book. Secure you, Matthew 28:14, free you from anxiety. Sedition, Acts 24:5, rebellion. Senate, the body of elders. Servant, sometimes a bond-servant. Paul calls himself a bond-servant of Christ, Romans 1:1. He calls every Christian so, 1 Corinthians 7:22. Sinners are called bond-servants of sin, Romans 6:16. Christians are forbidden to be bond-servants of men, because they have been bought by Christ, 1 Corinthians 7:23. Settled, Colossians 1:23, firmly seated. Shambles, meat-market. Shew-bread, Matthew 12:4, bread set before God. Shrines, temples. Sleight, subtle arts. Sojourn, to dwell without fixed abode. Soothsaying, pretence to foretell events. Sorcerer, one who uses arts of magic to deceive. Spirits, 1 John 4:1, men who said that the Holy Spirit spoke by them. Stature, size of body. Strait, narrow. Straitened, to suffer from narrowness. Straitest sect, Acts 26:5, strictest sect. Straitly, strictly (charge). Matthew 9:30; Acts 5:28. Subvert, Titus 1:11, upset. Subverted, Titus 3:11, quite turned away. Succour, help. Succourer, helper. Superscription, words written above. Superstitious, Acts 17:22, devoted to the worship of demon gods. Sustenance, Acts 7:11, food. Synagogue, a place of meeting, Matthew 12:9, for Jews; James 2:2, for Christians.