Luke 1

Hendriksen

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-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 7 StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size -9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 jBiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 18 2 8 0 0 CHAPTER I) Outline of Chapter 1) ) Theme: The Work Thou Gavest Him to Do) 1:1 4 Dedicatory Preface) 1:5 25 The Birth of John the Baptist Foretold) 1:26 38 The Birth of Jesus Foretold) 1:39 45 Mary Visits Elizabeth) 1:46 56 Mary s Magnificat ) 1:57 66 The Birth, Circumcision, and Naming of John the Baptist) 1:67 80 Zechariah s Prophecy) ) 1:1 4 Dedicatory Preface) 1 1 Since��34�� many have undertaken to draw up a narrative concerning the things that have been fulfilled among us, 2 just as they who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and ministers��35�� of the word handed them down to us, 3 it seemed fitting for me also, having traced the course of all things accurately from the beginning, to write an orderly account for you, most excellent��36�� Theophilus, 4 in order that you may know��37�� the exact truth��38�� with respect to the matters concerning which you received instruction.) ) Beginning with this section (1:1 4) the notes on Greek words, phrases, and grammatical constructions will be found or indicated at the close of the section.) In order to retain something of the flavor of Luke s beautiful and balanced sentence, I have resisted the temptation of cutting it up into several short statements.��39��) In ancient times prologues of this general character were rather common. Thus, Josephus begins his work Against Apion (I.1 3) as follows:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.1|AUTODETECT|” In my history of our Antiquities, most excellent Epaphroditus, I have, I believe, made sufficiently clear to any who may peruse that work the antiquity of our Jewish race.& However, since I notice that a considerable number of persons, influenced by the malicious slanders of certain individuals, discredit the statements in my history & I deem it my duty to devote a brief treatise to all these points; in order at once to convict our detractors & to correct the ignorance of others, and to instruct all who desire to know the truth concerning the antiquity of our race. Vol. II of the same work opens as follows: In the first volume of this work [cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Acts 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ], most esteemed Epaphroditus, I demonstrated the antiquity of our race.& I also challenged the statements of Manetho, Chaeremon, and some others. I shall now proceed to refute the remaining authors who have attacked us. See also that same historian s introduction to his History of the Jewish War.) 1 14 2 8 0 0 Compare the prologues with which the following writers begin their accounts: Greek medical men such as Hippocrates, Dioscorides, and Galen; the historians Herodotus, Thucydides, and Polybius; and the biographer and miscellaneous writer Plutarch.��40��) But although it is true that Luke, as a highly cultured author, writing flawless and elegant Greek, adopts the type of introduction that was customary with writers of that day and age, his prologue is more beautifully balanced than any of the others and also kinder in tone than some of them. A quick comparison with the introductions by Josephus immediately causes this contrast to stand out sharply: Luke s foreword, correctly interpreted, contains no recriminatory remarks. It is the product of divine inspiration!) Luke s Preface deals with two matters: (a) Motivation, and (b) Purpose.) Motivation) So important are the events concerning Jesus that many people have already taken in hand to blend into a narrative the reports concerning these happenings (verse 1).) Eyewitnesses have handed down these reports to us (verse 2).) I [Luke] have thoroughly investigated all essential matters (verse 3).) Purpose) Thus equipped, I [Luke] write this Gospel in order that you, Theophilus and others like you may know the exact truth with respect to the matters concerning which you have already received some instruction (verse 4).) 1. Since many have undertaken to draw up a narrative concerning the things that have been fulfilled among us & ) a. Since many have undertaken & it seemed fitting for me also to write. ) Does Luke mean, Since others have done such a poor job, I will do better ? The church historian Eusebius (op. cit.

III.xxiv.15) seems to have been of that opinion. He represents Luke as saying, in effect, What others have somewhat rashly attempted I will remedy. I will correct what those others have written. ) However, unbiased reading of 1:1 4 immediately shows that Luke does not say, I will do better than they, but rather, I will also put my hand to writing a narrative concerning these things. Note verse 3: it seemed fitting for me also, etc.) The next question might well be, But if Luke is not finding fault with what others have already done, and perhaps even approves of it, then why does he also wish to write? The answer may well be that though others had written, no one as yet had composed as complete an account as Luke envisioned. Note verse 3: having traced the course of all things accurately from the beginning.& For more on this see Introduction, point V B, and see on 1:3.

In this connection it must not be overlooked that when the evangelist wrote these four verses he undoubtedly already had in mind the writing of Acts as well as the Third Gospel. The story beginning with the annunciation of the birth of John the Baptist and extending all the way to the spreading of the gospel from Rome as a center, through the labors of the apostle-prisoner Paul, had never as yet been presented in one beautifully arranged account!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.2|AUTODETECT|” Luke writes, Many have undertaken to draw up a narrative. Who were those many ? Was Matthew included? The possibility that Luke made use of Matthew s Gospel must not be denied. On this see N.T.C. on Matthew, p. 53. Nevertheless, it is possible so to interpret ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.2|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 that here in 1:1 Luke is excluding works by eyewitnesses, like Matthew. Besides, as has become abundantly clear see Introduction, points III A 2, and B 2 a considerable portion of Luke s Gospel reminds one of Mark. It has been shown see N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 36 47 that in all probability it was Luke who used Mark s Gospel, not vice versa. Therefore, here in 1:1 Luke may well have been thinking of Mark as one of the many who had undertaken to draw up a narrative. Moreover, since a Hebrew or Aramaic written account certainly underlies Luke s nativity narrative (1:5 2:52) and probably also some of the later sections, the beloved physician most likely also included the author(s) of such materials in his reference to the many who had undertaken to write. And since Luke says many have undertaken to draw up a narrative, the possibility must be allowed that some of these many had failed to complete that which they had begun to do.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 b. to draw up a narrative concerning the things that have been fulfilled& See footnote 48 on the meaning of the word fulfilled.) It is clear from Luke s entire Gospel that he regards history not as the sum total of chance occurrences, or as the result of a series of fortuitous circumstances, but as the fulfilment of the divine plan; hence also of prophecy. This is clear especially from 22:22, but see also 1:45, 54, 55, 69, 70; 2:38; 3:3 6; 4:21, 43; 5:32; 7:20; 9:22, 44; 12:50; 18:31 33; 19:41 44; ch. 21; 24:25 28, 44 49. And for Acts see in that book 2:23; 3:18; 4:28.) c. among us. Although this pronoun is broad enough to embrace all those among whom John the Baptist and Jesus walked and even those who were in any way affected by the outpouring of the Holy Spirit the eyewitnesses, those to whom their reports were transmitted, Luke himself, his contemporaries, believers, unbelievers it surely refers especially to the believing recipients of God s grace in Christ. It was to them alone that the birth of the Baptist and that of Jesus had been announced, that Messiah s suffering and death had been predicted, that the risen Christ had appeared. Upon them, them alone, the Holy Spirit had been poured out, etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.1.1|AUTODETECT|” 2. & just as they who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and ministers of the word handed them down to us & Note that Luke does not include himself among the eyewitnesses but among those to whom these eyewitnesses handed down their reports and testimonies. That the term eyewitnesses includes earwitnesses is clear from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.1.1|AUTODETECT|” I John 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.13-40.16.20|AUTODETECT|” . Among these early witnesses one must certainly include the apostles Peter 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.13-40.16.20|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 16:13 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.34|AUTODETECT|” Luke 24:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.40-43.1.42|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.40-43.1.42|AUTODETECT|” John 1:40 42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.15-43.21.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.15-43.21.23|AUTODETECT|” 21:15 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.5|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.1|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.16|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.24|AUTODETECT|” ), and John 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.24|AUTODETECT|” John 21:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.1.1|AUTODETECT|” I John 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.27|AUTODETECT|” ); in fact The Twelve 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.27|AUTODETECT|” John 15:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.14|AUTODETECT|” ); also the brothers of Jesus, his mother and other women 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.14|AUTODETECT|” Acts 1:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.21-44.1.23|AUTODETECT|” ); furthermore Joseph called Barsabbas, Matthias 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.21-44.1.23|AUTODETECT|” Acts 1:21 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), etc. See also Introduction, point III B 6.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 Luke does not specify whether the reports were handed down in oral or in written form. He leaves room for both types of transmission.) These same people, the eyewitnesses, not only received, they also gave: whatever they had seen and heard they proclaimed and handed down to others of their own generation and later ones. They became ministers or servants of the word, that is, of the gospel. It was with a feeling of profound reverence and awe that they handled the messages they had received from the lips of the Savior and the facts about him. They did not place themselves above the word, using it merely as a self-serving tool, but beneath it, becoming its servants.) To the two reasons already mentioned (see verses 1 and 2) Luke now adds a third, showing what it was that motivated and qualified him to write: 3. & it seemed fitting for me also, having traced the course of all things accurately from the beginning & This shows that Luke wants his treatise to be not only complete but also accurate. Was it perhaps for this very reason that when he draws on Semitic sources (e.g., the nativity narratives) he leaves the phraseology and style virtually untouched, and at times seems to simply translate, almost word for word, from Semitic into Greek?) Continued: to write an orderly account & According to the sense of the word orderly used in the original, an orderly account is one in which one says next what should be said next.

It is an account which is not confused or haphazard. By no means is it true that the evangelist here promises to write a Gospel in which every event will be related in precisely chronological sequence. Even today history books do not always follow that pattern. One historian, to be sure, in describing the administration of George Washington, will report its important events, of whatever character political, military, social, economic, etc. year by year or even month by month, in exact chronological sequence. Another, having pictured the political events from beginning (1789) to end (1797) will then go back to describe what took place during this period in the economic sphere; for example, the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney (1793).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.54-40.13.58|AUTODETECT|” By and large the sequence of events as reported by Luke is chronological. On the other hand, with respect to individual details this is by no means always the case. Study (a) Luke s account of the three temptations (4:3 13), comparing it with that of Matthew (4:3 11); (b) the early place where Luke describes Jesus rejection at Nazareth (4:16 30), comparing it with the far later place in their respective Gospels where Matthew and Mark cover the same event 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.54-40.13.58|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 13:54 58) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.1-41.6.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.1-41.6.6|AUTODETECT|” Mark 6:1 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.51|AUTODETECT|” ); (c) the problem posed by ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.51|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:51) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.22|AUTODETECT|” 13:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.11|AUTODETECT|” 17:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.19-42.22.23|AUTODETECT|” (three separate journeys to Jerusalem?); and (d) the question raised by ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.19-42.22.23|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:19 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.30|AUTODETECT|” John 13:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.51|AUTODETECT|” ) as to whether Judas Iscariot partook of the Last Supper. However, these items will be discussed in connection with each of the Lucan passages. For ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.51|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:51) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.22|AUTODETECT|” 13:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.11|AUTODETECT|” 17:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 see the special study in this commentary, entitled Summary of and Introduction to Luke s Central Section (9:51 18:14), subheading B, pp. 541 545. It will become clear that Luke makes no mistakes. He has his good reasons for writing exactly as he does, as guided by the Spirit. To him a logical or topical connection is frequently more important than precise chronological sequence. Throughout he is writing a truly orderly account, as he promises here in 1:3.) 1 6 2 8 0 0 Continued: for you, most excellent Theophilus.) Who was Theophilus? Even when we grant as we should that Theophilus was a real person, and not a symbol for anyone loved by God, which is the meaning of the name, we still discover that there is a wide difference of opinion regarding the addressee. Here are some of the different views:) a. Theophilus was, or had been, a slave owner. One of his slaves had been Luke, who, having won his master s confidence and affection, was given his freedom and even an education.��41�� See also above (Introduction, point I B 2, p. 10).) Comment. This is an interesting theory, but unsupported by any evidence.) b.

He was Luke s patron of letters. Since Theophilus was an influential person and a man of means, and besides a friend of Luke, the latter expected him to defray the expenses involved in the composition and distribution of Third Gospel-Acts.��42��) Comment. If the patron theory is adopted, because it is believed to be in harmony with what was at that time a rather general practice, and if securing such a sponsor is regarded as being in any sense Luke s purpose, this purpose must be thought of as definitely subsidiary to his main objective, clearly stated in verse 4.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.43|AUTODETECT|” c. He was a God-fearer ; that is, he belonged to that large group of Gentiles who had renounced polytheism, had embraced the ethical monotheism of Judaism, attended the synagogue, but had not promised to obey the entire Jewish law, including its circumcision requirement. The fact that Luke often mentions these God-fearers or semi-proselytes 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.43|AUTODETECT|” Acts 13:43) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.50|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.50|AUTODETECT|” 50) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.14|AUTODETECT|” 16:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.4|AUTODETECT|” 17:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.7|AUTODETECT|” 18:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) points to the conclusion that Theophilus too belonged to this group.��43��) 1 1 2 8 0 0 For comment see point (d).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.4|AUTODETECT|” d. As pictured in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Theophilus is still a Gentile, for before the third century a.d. the epithet most excellent was never used in connection with believers in Christ. However, since in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Acts 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 the adjective most excellent is dropped and only the name Theophilus remains, the conclusion is warranted that by means of the reading of the Third Gospel Theophilus had become a Christian.��44��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Comment on theories (c) and (d). There is no solid evidence in support of either of these theories. As to (c), it is not clear that Theophilus had arrived at the knowledge of the Christian religion via Judaism. He may have, but we do not know. And as to (d), there may have been any number of possible reasons why Luke dropped the epithet in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Acts 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.1-42.1.4|AUTODETECT|” . One reason may have been that he regarded ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.1-42.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:1 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 as a preamble to both books, as he probably did, and therefore did not consider the repetition of most excellent to be necessary.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.3|AUTODETECT|” e. It is impossible for us to ascertain whether Theophilus is here addressed as occupant of a high position in the government, as belonging to the equestrian order, or simply as a person worthy of high honor. Therefore we are unable to say whether the proper rendering [in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ] is your excellency (or something similar), or rather highly honored, preeminent, or most noble. In headings or dedicatory introductions the epithet used by Luke occurs rather frequently, at times perhaps as an expression of courtesy. ��45��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.26|AUTODETECT|” Comment. This view makes sense. It does not restrict the possibilities too narrowly. The opinion that Theophilus may have occupied an important position in the Roman government has in its favor that, if this be true, the epithet most excellent would have approximately the same meaning here which it has in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.26|AUTODETECT|” Acts 23:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.3|AUTODETECT|” 24:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; and also in 26:25, in which passages it is applied respectively to the procurators Felix and Festus. But, as Greijdanus also indicates, Theophilus may simply have been a person worthy of high honor, or, as F. F. Bruce states, a representative member of the intelligent middle-class public at Rome. ��46��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.15|AUTODETECT|” Though it cannot be proved that Theophilus was living in or near Rome when Luke perhaps also now at Rome; see above, Introduction, point IV B, p. 33 addressed him, neither is this idea entirely speculative. In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.15|AUTODETECT|” Acts 28:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.26|AUTODETECT|” Luke makes mention of both The Three Taverns and The Market of Appius (Latin: Tres Tabernae, Appii Forum). He mentions these two places without any further elucidation as to where they were located (rather close to Rome, respectively 33 and 43 miles south of the city). On the other hand, Luke is frequently more specific when he mentions places located a long distance away from Rome 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.26|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.31|AUTODETECT|” 4:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.26|AUTODETECT|” 8:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Therefore, it may not be too risky to infer that the reason for this degree of difference in supplying geographical detail could be that Theophilus was living in or near Rome and was therefore not in need of receiving a more circumstantial report about nearby places.��47��) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Having stated the reasons which motivated and entitled him to write this Gospel, Luke now proceeds to mention his purpose: 4. in order that you may know [or: may come to know] the exact truth with respect to the matters concerning which you received instruction.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.3-40.19.8|AUTODETECT|” It is clear that Theophilus had already received some perhaps even considerable information in Christian doctrine. To a certain extent the truth of the Christian religion had been dinned into his ears; that is, he had been catechized. However, he is in need of a more thorough grounding in the truth, the facts concerning Jesus and his church. That Luke regards this truth as significant is clear from what he has already said (see especially verse 3). For Theophilus to know (or: come to know) the exact truth was very important. For this there were two reasons: (a) to keep him from falling into error. Think of the many attacks upon the truth constantly being made by both Jew and Gentile 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.3-40.19.8|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 19:3 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.63|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.63|AUTODETECT|” 27:63) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.42|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.42|AUTODETECT|” John 6:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.52|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.52|AUTODETECT|” 52) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.7.40-43.7.49|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.7.40-43.7.49|AUTODETECT|” 7:40 49) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.9.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.9.24|AUTODETECT|” 9:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.24|AUTODETECT|” Acts 26:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.22|AUTODETECT|” 28:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.23|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ); and (b) to obtain salvation in full measure to the glory of God.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.32|AUTODETECT|” In connection with (b), the words that you may know [or: come to know] the exact truth remind us of the statement of Jesus, You will know the truth, and the truth will set you free 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.32|AUTODETECT|” John 8:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.13|AUTODETECT|” ). Other significant passages showing the great importance which Jesus and the New Testament writers attach to knowing the truth are ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.13|AUTODETECT|” John 16:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.17|AUTODETECT|” 17:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.5|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.15|AUTODETECT|” 4:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.10|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.4|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.15|AUTODETECT|” 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.15|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.12|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=28.4.6|AUTODETECT|” . And for the Old Testament see especially ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=28.4.6|AUTODETECT|” Hos. 4:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge. ) 1 4 2 8 0 0 This brings up the interesting question: Just how are the various elements of Christian experience the intellectual, emotional, and volitional related to each other? Which, if any, is basic and which follows in importance? How do they interact? For the answer, as this commentator sees it, consult N.T.C. on John, Vol. II, pp. 10, 11. The concluding lines of the discussion as found there are as follows:) The only logical conclusion, in view of these various and (at first glance) seemingly (though never really) conflicting representations, is this: When we speak of knowledge, love, and obedience, we are not thinking of three altogether separate experiences, but of one single, comprehensive experience in which the three are united in such a manner that each contributes its share, and all cooperate unto man s salvation and God s glory.

This experience is personal in character. Hence, we can no longer speak of the primacy of the intellect or of the primacy of the emotions or of the primacy of the will, but of the primacy of the sovereign grace of God influencing and transforming the entire personality for the glory of God. ) It was that result which Luke was striving, by God s grace and power, to bring about in the heart and life of Theophilus, and all those whom he represented.��48��) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.1-42.1.4|AUTODETECT|”
Practical Lessons Derived from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.1-42.1.4|AUTODETECT|”
Luke 1:1 4) 1 1 2 8 0 0
Verse 1) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.22.22|AUTODETECT|”
The things that have been fulfilled among us. It is comforting to know that history including that of our own lives is the fulfilment of God s plan. This does not cancel human responsibility. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.22.22|AUTODETECT|”
Luke 22:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.23|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.23|AUTODETECT|”
Acts 2:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
.) 1 3 2 8 0 0
Verse 2) Servants of the word. He who rides a hobby is placing himself above God s Word.) Verses 2, 3) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=61.1.16|AUTODETECT|”
Eyewitnesses & having traced the course of all things accurately from the beginning. The Christian religion is not a matter of cunningly devised myths 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=61.1.16|AUTODETECT|”
II Peter 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
), but rests on solid, historical fact. We should thank God for having qualified such men as Luke and the other evangelists, with their varied talents, to write the four Gospels.) 1 11 2 8 0 0
Verse 3) Most excellent or most noble. The Christian religion does not destroy courtesy or excuse rudeness.) Verses 3 and 4) To write & in order that you may know. The believer in this case Luke is deeply concerned about his fellow man and endeavors to bring him to the knowledge of the truth.) Verse 4) The matters concerning which you received instruction. The church that neglects catechetical instruction has itself to blame for its waning strength.) ) Notes on Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 1:1 4) Whenever a Greek word is followed by an asterisk, its New Testament occurrence is confined to the Third Gospel. In a book written by versatile Luke we expect many such words. When the word is followed by a double asterisk, its New Testament occurrence is confined to the Third Gospel and Acts.) Verse 1) ��* is a strengthened form of ��. The meaning of �� is: inasmuch as, since; or, if the sense is both causal and temporal: since by now.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.9.29|AUTODETECT|”
��, third per. pl. aor. indicat. of ��**, to put one s hand (��) to, to undertake, seek, attempt. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.9.29|AUTODETECT|”
Acts 9:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.19.13|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.19.13|AUTODETECT|”
19:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
.) 1 2 2 8 0 0
��, aor. infinitive of ��, to arrange in proper order, draw up, compose.) ��; cf. ��; German durchf�hren, Dutch doorvoeren; the meaning of the noun is: account, narrative, with emphasis on a degree of fulness.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.1.22|AUTODETECT|”
��, gen. pl. perf. passive participle of ��; from ��, full, and ��, cf. ��, to bring; hence, to bring to fulness, to fulfill, accomplish in full. The verbal form is a synonym of ��, which occurs frequently in connection with fulfilment of prophecy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.1.22|AUTODETECT|”
Matt. 1:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.2.15|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.2.15|AUTODETECT|”
2:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.2.17|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.2.17|AUTODETECT|”
17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.1|AUTODETECT|”
). This is probably also the meaning here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.1|AUTODETECT|”
Luke 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.14.5|AUTODETECT|”
. When �� is used in connection with persons, it has the meaning: to fully convince, persuade; in the passive: to be fully convinced 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.14.5|AUTODETECT|”
Rom. 14:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.1|AUTODETECT|”
). There are those who ascribe this meaning also to the word as used here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.1|AUTODETECT|”
Luke 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
, resulting in the meaning: on which there is full conviction among us, or something similar. Some authors seem to waver between this and the meaning mentioned earlier. See A. T. Robertson s rendering in A Translation of Luke s Gospel, New York, 1923, p. 13; and cf. with his rendering in Word Pictures, Vol. II, p. 4. As I see it, because Luke in 1:1 is speaking about things and because of his emphasis on fulfilment of prophecy see the references given in the text the rendering the things that have been fulfilled among us deserves the preference.) 1 2 2 8 0 0
Verse 2) ��, third per. pl. aor. act. of ��. The word has various meanings, to hand over, deliver, betray, commit, commend, allow. Here and in several other cases it is used with respect to tradition (whether written, oral, or both); hence, to hand down, pass on, transmit.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=61.1.16|AUTODETECT|”
�P��, eyewitness. Cf. autopsy. For synonym see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=61.1.16|AUTODETECT|”
II Peter 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
.) 1 3 2 8 0 0
Q��, from Q��, under, and ��, to row; hence basically under-rower; here servant, minister. Other New Testament meanings: officer, helper, assistant, attendant.) �� , of the word; that is, of the gospel, the message of salvation centering in Jesus Christ and made possible by him. The phrase of the word modifies ministers, not eyewitnesses. At times the word �� has reference to that which proceeds directly from Jesus lips. For still another meaning see on verse 4. There is no justification for confusing the meaning of �� in the Third Gospel with the Logos idea in John s Gospel, as if also in the Third Gospel �� would refer directly to the Son of God.) Verse 3) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.4.6|AUTODETECT|”
��, dat. s. m. perfect participle of ��, to follow, attend; here: to follow through mentally, to investigate, to trace the course of events (from beginning to end). The perfect tense shows that Luke had done this before he started to write. For a somewhat different meaning of the verb see N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.4.6|AUTODETECT|”
I Tim. 4:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.3.10|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.3.10|AUTODETECT|”
II Tim. 3:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.15.38|AUTODETECT|”
��, from the beginning; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.15.38|AUTODETECT|”
Mark 15:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.3.3|AUTODETECT|”: from top to bottom. In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.3|AUTODETECT|” John 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.3.7|AUTODETECT|”

1 1 -1 9 0 0 : from above, again.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.1|AUTODETECT|” ��** = �� and ��. �� in such cases is distributive in meaning; �� from ��, fut. �� means having, being after or next to; hence �� here in 1:3 means: one after another; in regular order. To write an account in regular order means to write an orderly account. Related meanings: next, soon afterward 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.1|AUTODETECT|” Luke 8:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.23|AUTODETECT|” ), place to place 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.23|AUTODETECT|” Acts 18:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.11.4|AUTODETECT|” ), point by point 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.11.4|AUTODETECT|” Acts 11:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 3 2 8 0 0 ��, voc. s. m. of ��**, the superlative of ��.) Verse 4) 5��, here with full final sense: in order that. Luke is stating his purpose in writing to Theophilus.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ��, sec. per. s. aor. subjunctive of ��. For this verb see N.T.C. on Matthew, p. 502, footnote 482. Also here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 the question is whether the prefix �� in �� has an intensive meaning. Commentators differ widely. A possibility is: that you may come to know, etc. See also R. E. Picirelli, The Meaning of Epignosis, EQ XLVII, No. 2 (April June, 1975), pp. 85 93; and R. Bultmann on �� and related words, in Th.D.N.T., Vol. I, pp. 689 719; especially pp. 703, 704. In the present case the idea exact or thorough knowledge is implied in the combination of the verb �� and its object ��.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.25|AUTODETECT|” ��, sec. per. s. aor. indicat. passive of ��. Cf. echo, catechize. The truth of the gospel has been sounded down upon Theophilus. He had been instructed in it. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.25|AUTODETECT|” Acts 18:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.18|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 2:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.6|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 6:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 a.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.3|AUTODETECT|” ��. The cognate verb �� means: to cause to totter or fall; hence, the noun means: that which cannot fall; here in 1:4 exact truth, certainty; in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.3|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.23|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.23|AUTODETECT|” Acts 5:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) safety, security.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.8.21|AUTODETECT|” ��, here thing, matter; so also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.8.21|AUTODETECT|” Acts 8:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.6|AUTODETECT|” 15:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Cf. the double meaning of Hebrew dbhr.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 ) 1:5 25 The Birth of John the Baptist Foretold) 5 In the days of Herod, king of Judea,��49�� there was a priest named Zechariah, who belonged to the priestly division of Abijah. His wife was also a descendant of Aaron,��50�� and her name was Elizabeth. 6 Both were righteous in the sight of God, observing all the commandments and requirements of the Lord, blameless. 7 However, they were childless, because Elizabeth was barren, and both were advanced in years.) 8 Once while Zechariah was serving as priest before God, in the appointed order of his division, 9 according to the custom of the priesthood he was chosen by lot to burn incense after having gone into the sanctuary of the Lord. 10 At the hour of the burning of incense the entire assembled congregation was outside, engaged in prayer.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.0|AUTODETECT|” 11 Then there appeared to him an angel of the Lord, standing at the right of the altar of incense. 12 Now when Zechariah saw him, he became troubled and overwhelmed with fear.��51�� 13 But the angel said to him, Do not be afraid,��52�� Zechariah, for your petition has been heard. Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you shall give him the name ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.0|AUTODETECT|” John. 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 You will have joy and exultation,��53�� and many will rejoice over his birth; 15 for he will be great in the sight of the Lord. Wine or strong drink he must never touch, and he will be filled with the Holy Spirit even from his mother s womb. 16 Many of the sons of Israel will he turn to the Lord their God. 17 And he will go before him in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the frame of mind of the righteous, in order to make ready for the Lord a people well-prepared. ) 1 6 2 8 0 0 18 Then Zechariah asked the angel, How can I be sure of this? For I am an old man, and my wife is advanced in years. ) 19 I am Gabriel, the angel answered. I stand in the presence of God, and I was sent to speak to you, and to bring you this good news. 20 And now, mark well, because you did not believe my words, which will be fulfilled in their proper time, you will remain silent and not able to speak until the day when these things take place. ) 21 Meanwhile the people were waiting for Zechariah and wondering why he stayed away so long in the sanctuary. 22 And when he did come out, he was unable to speak to them. Then they realized that he had seen a vision in the sanctuary, for he kept making signs to them but remained unable to speak.) 23 And when the days of his service were completed he went back to his home. 24 After these days his wife Elizabeth became pregnant. For five months she kept herself in seclusion, saying, 25 This is the way the Lord has dealt with me in the days in which he looked (with favor) upon me, to remove my disgrace among the people. ) ) Luke has promised an orderly account. In his first two chapters he already begins to fulfil this promise. Note the exquisite symmetry, the pleasing parallelism:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.18-40.1.25|AUTODETECT|” Two births are promised: that of the herald and that of the One whom that herald is going to introduce to the people. In each case it is the angel Gabriel who foretells the birth. He predicts it respectively to the herald s prospective father Zechariah, and to the Great One s mother-to-be Mary (1:5 38). When and how did Joseph, to whom Mary had been promised in marriage, become aware of her pregnancy? See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.18-40.1.25|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:18 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . The two narratives Matthew s and Luke s supplement each other. At no point is there conflict.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Next in Luke s Gospel the two prospective mothers, Elizabeth and Mary, are seen together, for Mary is visiting her relative Elizabeth, who lives in a town in the hill country of Judah. As Mary enters, Elizabeth exclaims, Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb, etc. Mary, in turn, utters her Magnificat (1:39 56).) Recorded also are the two births: that of John, born to Elizabeth (1:57), and that of Jesus, born to Mary in Bethlehem of Judea, to which the couple Joseph and Mary traveled from their home in Nazareth (2:1 7).) In each case Luke relates the circumstances attending the birth, the circumcision and the naming of the child (1:58 66; 2:21). But now notice the contrast: in the case of John the eighth day incidents are followed by the song of his father Zechariah (1:67 79). In the case of Jesus, however, the song cannot even wait. The universe-shaking birth itself is immediately followed by an announcement to shepherds, the song of an angelic choir, and the resulting visit by the shepherds.

These events, including the Glory to God in the highest, etc. (2:8 20), precede the happenings on the eighth day. What a remarkable and meaningful arrangement!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.0|AUTODETECT|” The forerunner s life up to the time when he makes his public appearance is summarized in one verse (1:80). Very appropriately in the case of the chief figure, namely, Jesus himself, the evangelist goes into greater detail. We read about the presentation in the temple, Simeon s Nunc Dimittis, Anna s thanksgiving and testimony, the return to Nazareth, and the boy in the midst of the teachers (2:22 52). And see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.0|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.16-42.4.27|AUTODETECT|” It is fitting that Mark, in describing the coming of our Eternal King, begins his Gospel by introducing the King s herald; and that Matthew, in fixing the attention upon our Great Prophet, already in the first chapter (verses 22, 23) and repeatedly afterward makes mention of the fulfilment of prophecy in him, and pictures him as being himself God s Messenger. Think of the Lord s six discourses recorded by Matthew, and of the many dominical sayings.��54�� And so also it is appropriate that Luke, who in his Gospel see Introduction, point V D underscores the very qualities which Scripture also elsewhere associates with our Sympathetic Highpriest 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.16-42.4.27|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:16 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.14-58.4.16|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.14-58.4.16|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 4:14 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.7.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.7.25|AUTODETECT|” 7:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), at the very outset pictures a priest who enters the sanctuary in order to burn incense. Temple passages peculiar to the Third Gospel are: 1:5 23; 2:22 35, 36 38, 41 51; 18:9 14; 21:37, 38; 24:53.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 5. In the days of Herod, king of Judea, there was a priest named Zechariah, who belonged to the priestly division of Abijah.) The days of Herod! This is Herod I, often designated Herod the Great. The date of his birth seems to have been 74 b.c. The period during which he ruled over the Jews is generally dated 37 4 b.c.) He did not all at once become the actual ruler of all of Palestine. Rather, he had been nominated king of Judea by the Roman senate in the year 40 b.c. An army was given him. With this army hence, with his own sword he was to carve out a kingdom for himself. In this he gradually succeeded.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.5|AUTODETECT|” He is mentioned here 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.5|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.1-40.2.22|AUTODETECT|” ) and also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.1-40.2.22|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 2:1 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.1|AUTODETECT|” , but nowhere else in the New Testament. He should not be confused with his son Herod the tetrarch, as Luke sometimes calls that son 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.1|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 14:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.5|AUTODETECT|” Herod the Great, the ruler to whom reference is made here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.5|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , was capable, crafty, and cruel. He was the man who, in order that no one would be able to take away from him, from him alone, the designation the king of the Jews, and to appease his wrath, was going to order all the boy babies of Bethlehem and its surroundings to be murdered. For a further description of this terrible tyrant, see N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 155 168; 176 193; and note his Family Tree on p. 189 of that volume.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.20|AUTODETECT|” In the appellation king of Judea the term Judea may well indicate the land of the Jews in its entirety. See also on 4:44 and see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.20|AUTODETECT|” Acts 26:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 In the days, then, of this diabolical monster there lived a man who, together with his wife, exhibited the very opposite traits of character. Terrible tyrant pious priest, what a contrast! The name of this priest was Zechariah . He must not be confused with any of the thirty other persons of (basically) that same name mentioned in Scripture. That a name meaning Jehovah has remembered should be popular is easily understood.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=13.24.1-13.24.6|AUTODETECT|” The Zechariah of Luke s story was a member of the priestly course or division of Abijah. During the reign of David the priests had been organized and divided into twenty-four divisions 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=13.24.1-13.24.6|AUTODETECT|” I Chron. 24:1 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=14.8.14|AUTODETECT|” ). These divisions were reaffirmed by David s son Solomon 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=14.8.14|AUTODETECT|” II Chron. 8:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=13.24.10|AUTODETECT|” ). The eighth division, the one to which Zechariah belonged, was that of Abijah 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=13.24.10|AUTODETECT|” I Chron. 24:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=15.2.36-15.2.39|AUTODETECT|” ). Only four divisions returned from Babylon 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=15.2.36-15.2.39|AUTODETECT|” Ezra 2:36 39) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). But these four were redivided into twenty-four, and given the old names. Twice a year each division was on duty in the temple, and each time the period of service was one week. His wife was also a descendant of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth. Her name, too, has a beautiful meaning, namely, God [or: my God] is an oath, that is, is the Absolutely Reliable One. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.21.14|AUTODETECT|” It was indeed a great blessing for a priest to marry a wife of priestly stock.��55�� This was not required by the law, which stipulated only that the wife should be a virgin of his own people 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.21.14|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 21:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.60|AUTODETECT|” ). Between Zechariah and Elizabeth there was no danger of incompatibility. The fact that, without benefit of computer (!), this man had married a woman with whom he could live in peace and happiness is clear from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.60|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:60) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.63|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.63|AUTODETECT|” 63) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; note the thorough agreement between husband and wife. It appears also in verse 6. Both were righteous in the sight of God, observing all the commandments and requirements of the Lord blameless.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.13|AUTODETECT|” What is meant by & were righteous ? Apart from the sovereign grace of God revealed basically in the atoning death of Christ no one can ever be truly righteous 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.13|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 12:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.49.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.49.7|AUTODETECT|” Psalms 49:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.4-23.53.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.4-23.53.6|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53:4 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 20:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.19|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.21-45.3.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.21-45.3.24|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 3:21 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.9.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.9.22|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 9:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.24|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 2:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.7.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.7.14|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 7:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” ). Another way of saying this is that basically there is no way in which a person can be truly righteous before God, or blameless, other than by imputation, so that the sinner s guilt is laid upon the Savior, and the Savior s righteousness upon the sinner. Nevertheless, Scripture itself justifies the terminology: righteousness by imputation and righteousness by impartation. To the latter the name sanctification is often given. Although these two should be distinguished, they should never be separated. Though it is true that good works have never saved anybody, it is also true that the person who is conscious of having been saved by grace through faith will put forth every effort to do good works. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.11|AUTODETECT|” must never be separated from 2:10; nor ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 from 2:14. The forgiven trespass and the true heart are twins:) 1 8 2 8 0 0 How blest is he whose trespass) Has freely been forgiven,) Whose sin is wholly covered) Before the sight of heaven,) Blest he to whom Jehovah) Will not impute his sin,) Who hath a guileless spirit,) Whose heart is true within.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.32.0|AUTODETECT|” No. 55 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.32.0|AUTODETECT|” Psalms 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), first stanza, Psalter Hymnal of the Christian Reformed Church, Grand Rapids, 1958.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.1|AUTODETECT|” At times Scripture makes reference to these two kinds of righteousness almost in the same breath. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.1|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.24|AUTODETECT|” is a good example. Cf. He breaks the power of canceled sin (in O For a Thousand Tongues, by Charles Wesley). At times the emphasis is on righteousness by imputation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.24|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 3:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.28|AUTODETECT|” 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.16|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.11|AUTODETECT|” 3:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ); at times, as here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.8.18|AUTODETECT|” , on righteousness by impartation. The best commentary on righteous in the sight of God is surely the text itself: observing all the commandments and requirements of the Lord. It was in that sense that in the sight of God these two people were blameless. Is it not true that with God honest intention is equal to action? See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.8.18|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 8:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.4.1|AUTODETECT|” Commandments and requirements. Cf. commandments and statutes 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.4.1|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.4.40|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.4.40|AUTODETECT|” 40) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.6.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.6.2|AUTODETECT|” 6:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.3|AUTODETECT|” ). A person who observes both the commandment and the statute is interested not only in the underlying principle but also in its application to concrete life situations. Not only in a very general way does he try to keep the first commandment, You shall have no other gods before me 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.3|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 20:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.23.19|AUTODETECT|” ), but he is also fully aware of its corollaries, one of them being, The firstfruits of your soil you shall bring into the house of the Lord your God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.23.19|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 23:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.13|AUTODETECT|” ). He does the same with the sixth commandment, You shall not kill 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.13|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 20:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.23.9|AUTODETECT|” ); for example, You shall not oppress a stranger 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.23.9|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 23:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.15|AUTODETECT|” ); with the eighth, You shall not steal 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.15|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 20:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.23.8|AUTODETECT|” ); for example, You shall not take a bribe 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.23.8|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 23:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.16|AUTODETECT|” ); with the ninth, You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.16|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 20:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.23.1|AUTODETECT|” ); implying, You shall not take up a false report 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.23.1|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 23:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.21-40.5.48|AUTODETECT|” ); and so with every commandment. In this connection see also Christ s own treatment of the commandments in the Sermon on the Mount 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.21-40.5.48|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:21 48) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Zechariah and Elizabeth, then, were people like Job 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Job 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.25|AUTODETECT|” ) and Simeon 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.25|AUTODETECT|” Luke 2:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 So far everything with respect to Zechariah and Elizabeth was wonderful. But now note:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.30.1|AUTODETECT|” 7. However, they were childless, because Elizabeth was barren, and both were advanced in years. Barrenness was about the worst thing that could happen to a married woman. Across the many intervening centuries we can still hear Rachel saying to Jacob, Give me children, or else I die 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.30.1|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 30:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ). It still hurts to read how Hannah suffered because her rival Peninnah, instead of sympathizing with her, maliciously kept reminding her of the fact that the Lord had shut up her womb 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.1.6|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Result: Hannah shed bitter tears.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.7.14|AUTODETECT|” Besides, was not fertility among the blessings of obedience God had promised to Israel? See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.7.14|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 7:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.113.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.113.9|AUTODETECT|” Psalms 113:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 3 2 8 0 0 The trouble was that many people drew the wrong deduction from this promise, as if in any individual case barrenness was an infallible sign of God s disfavor. Unjustly, but all too often, the barren woman would be shunned, looked down upon, despised.) For many of these sorrowing wives, however, dreary days and sleepless nights were somewhat brightened by the hope that the situation might still change. But for Zechariah and Elizabeth even this flame of hope had begun to flicker. At last it was extinguished altogether, for by now both were advanced in years .) And then a most unexpected event occurred: 8 10. Once while Zechariah was serving as priest before God, in the appointed order of his division, according to the custom of the priesthood he was chosen by lot to burn incense after having gone into the sanctuary of the Lord. At the hour of the burning of incense the entire assembled congregation was outside, engaged in prayer.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.30.6|AUTODETECT|” Each day the various functions of the priesthood were apportioned by lot. The most solemn part of the entire liturgy was the burning of incense. It was then that the priest approached closest to the veil separating the Holy Place from the Holy of Holies. In the economy of the old dispensation did not the Holy of Holies have the golden altar of incense ? To be sure, for understandable practical reasons that altar actually stood in the Holy Place 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.30.6|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 30:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.30.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.30.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.9.4|AUTODETECT|” ). But it belonged to the Holy of Holies 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.9.4|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 9:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.16.15-3.16.19|AUTODETECT|” ). On the Day of Atonement, once a year, was not the incense brought from this altar into the Holy of Holies, and was not the blood that had been sprinkled on the mercy-seat applied also to the altar of incense? See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.16.15-3.16.19|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 16:15 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Do not the shedding of blood and the rising cloud of incense belong together? Do not redemption and thanksgiving form a pair like cause and effect?) 1 1 2 8 0 0 It is understandable that to be chosen by lot to burn incense was considered a unique privilege. Only once in a lifetime was a priest allowed to receive this honor. Ever afterward he was considered rich and holy. Numerically speaking, to be chosen by lot to burn incense was a privilege shared by few.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.10|AUTODETECT|” Twice a day this incense was offered: in the morning and in mid-afternoon. Some��56�� believe that what happened now occurred in the morning. Others,��57�� basing their view on the fact that according to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.10|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 on this particular day a multitude of considerable magnitude had entered the temple courts, believe that the incident about to be related occurred in the afternoon. However this may have been, what took place may be introduced as follows:) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Zechariah proceeds toward the golden altar. He is accompanied by two assistants. One of these men is carrying in a golden bowl burning coals from the altar of burnt-offering, and is spreading them out on the altar of incense. He then withdraws. The other assistant is carrying a golden censer filled with incense. He arranges the incense upon the altar.) And now profound silence ensues, for the most solemn action of the ritual is about to occur.

A signal is given. The sacred moment has arrived for Zechariah to place the incense upon the coals, causing a cloud to arise, its fragrance rising and spreading. Together with the ascending aroma a fervent prayer, consisting of thanksgiving for blessings received and of supplication for peace upon Israel, now issues from the heart and lips of the priest. The people, gathered outside the sanctuary but inside its courts (Israel s Court, Women s Court, with priests and Levites in evidence especially in the Priests Court; see map, N.T.C. on Mark, p. 488) are also praying, in a prostrate position and with outstretched hands. Then they wait for Zechariah to return from the altar of incense and to proceed eastward to the steps in the front of the sanctuary (Holy Place and Holy of Holies). On these steps Zechariah, accompanied by other priests, is expected to pronounce the Aaronic blessing on the people.

This benediction will be followed by songs of praise, public offerings, etc.��58��) The people wait & and wait & and wait. But for minutes that must have seemed like hours nothing happens. Explanation: 11, 12. Then there appeared to him an angel of the Lord, standing at the right of the altar of incense. Now when Zechariah saw him, he became troubled and overwhelmed with fear. Suddenly the angel is standing there at the right side of the altar; that is, just to the south of it, for directions are indicated from the point of view of a man facing east.

Those who favor the former alternative base their conclusion on the fact that Zechariah had hardly ceased praying for the peace of Israel when the angel appeared. But with at least equal right those who favor the latter alternative point to the very close connection between Your petition has been heard and Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son. As it were in one breath these two statements were made by the angel. If a choice must be made between these two alternatives, this interpreter would choose the latter.) But is it absolutely necessary to make this choice? Is there not a very close relation between the two? Is it not true that the son to whom Elizabeth would give birth was destined to be the forerunner of the Messiah, through whom salvation would come for Israel; in fact, for all God s children, whether Jew or Gentile?) c.

Your wife Elizabeth. The very one whose barren condition was common knowledge would be delivered from her affliction. Through Elizabeth, and not through some other woman, Zechariah would become the father of a child.) d. a son. The very sex of the child is already predicted!) e. & and you shall give him the name John. See on verses 59, 63.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.29|AUTODETECT|” The angel continues: 14. You will have joy and exultation, and many will rejoice over his birth. The heart of Zechariah will be filled with exuberant gladness. Many others will also rejoice because of the birth of this child. Not only will his very birth bring about instant jubilation (1:58) but, as the immediate context (see verses 16, 17) indicates, in the future too when this child has become a man, many people are going to thank the Lord for the fact that John was born. Through his ministry multitudes will be turned from darkness to light; others will at least exclaim, John is or was a prophet 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.29|AUTODETECT|” Luke 7:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.26|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.26|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 21:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.32|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.32|AUTODETECT|” 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.11|AUTODETECT|” Continued: 15. for he will be great in the sight of the Lord. It was about him that Jesus was going to say, Among those born of women there has not arisen anyone greater than John the Baptist 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.11|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.29|AUTODETECT|” ). This would be true not only because John was going to be himself a prophet but also because he was going to be one whose arrival on the scene of history had been predicted. He was destined to become the herald of the Messiah. As such he was going to direct the attention of the people to the long expected One, concerning whom he was going to say, Look, the Lamb of God who is taking away the sin of the world 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.29|AUTODETECT|” John 1:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.76|AUTODETECT|” ). He was going to emphasize the necessity of true conversion as the only way for the sinner to enter Messiah s kingdom 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.76|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:76) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.77|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.77|AUTODETECT|” 77) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.3|AUTODETECT|” 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.30|AUTODETECT|” ). And since it is the duty of the herald to recede to the background when the King arrives, so John was going to resist the temptation of calling attention to himself. Instead, in humility of spirit he was going to say, He must increase, but I must decrease 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.30|AUTODETECT|” John 3:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.6|AUTODETECT|” ). Now in view of the fact that Jesus himself, in describing the nature of true greatness, always links it with humility 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.6|AUTODETECT|” Luke 7:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.8|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.8|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.46-42.9.48|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.46-42.9.48|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:46 48) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.1-40.18.5|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.1-40.18.5|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 18:1 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.33-41.9.37|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.33-41.9.37|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:33 37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.27|AUTODETECT|” ; and see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.27|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 15:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.28|AUTODETECT|” 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.15|AUTODETECT|” ), is it not altogether probable that this characteristic which was to mark John is also implied here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.15|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ? Without humility would it even be possible for anyone to be great, especially in the sight of the Lord ?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.15-44.2.17|AUTODETECT|” Continuing on this theme of greatness, the angel adds, Wine or strong drink he must never touch, and he will be filled with the Holy Spirit even from his mother s womb. Not with wine but with the Holy Spirit will John be filled. This same implied contrast (filled with wine versus filled with the Holy Spirit) is found also in other passages 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.15-44.2.17|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:15 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.18|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). John is not going to derive his strength or inspiration from earthly means but from the Holy Spirit.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Filled with the Holy Spirit even from his mother s womb. Does this expression imply that something mysterious took place in the heart of John while he was still in his mother s womb? Or is it simply an expression indicating extent of time: from the very beginning to the end of his life John will be filled with the Holy Spirit? Since the chapter contains two more references to John as a babe in his mother s womb (see verses 41 and 44), the discussion of this subject will be postponed until verse 44 is reached.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.6.0|AUTODETECT|” Was John a Nazirite? For the law of the Nazirite read ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.6.0|AUTODETECT|” Numbers 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.13.7|AUTODETECT|” . Note especially these two regulations: (a) During the period governed by their vow Nazirites were to abstain from wine and other fermented beverages, and (b) no razor was to be used on their head. In connection with Samson both of these restrictions are mentioned 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.13.7|AUTODETECT|” Judg. 13:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.16.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.16.17|AUTODETECT|” 16:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.1.11|AUTODETECT|” ). As to Samuel, we know that his mother Hannah vowed that as a symbol of lifelong consecration to the Lord no razor would ever touch his head 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.1.11|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.10.9|AUTODETECT|” ). Abstention from intoxicating drinks is not mentioned in his case. With reference to John the opposite holds: He was to avoid wine and (other) fermented drinks, but nothing is said about a razor. Consequently, some argue that John was not a Nazirite,��59�� others that he was.��60�� In order to reach a conclusion with respect to John it may help us to take note of the fact that according to our present passage (verse 15) during his entire life-span the promised offspring must never drink wine or (other) fermented beverages. In John s case, therefore, this restriction was far more rigid than in the case of priests, who were forbidden the use of these drinks only during the period of their service 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.10.9|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 10:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.6.4|AUTODETECT|” ), and was at least more severe than in the case of the Nazirites, for in their case the prohibition was in force only during the days covered by their vow 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.6.4|AUTODETECT|” Num. 6:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.6.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.6.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.15|AUTODETECT|” ). Therefore, if John was a Nazirite, he must be considered a Nazirite for life. Does not careful reading of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.15|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 leave the impression that the idea of total, lifelong consecration to special service for the Lord is here emphasized?) 1 1 2 8 0 0 After what has already been said in connection with verse 14 not much need be added with respect to verse 16. Many of the sons of Israel will he turn to the Lord their God. Instead of sons one can also read children or people. That this prophecy was fulfilled has been shown.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.78.1|AUTODETECT|” One important lesson must not be passed by, however. It concerns the very heart of God. Note that Israel is here pictured in its unturned, that is, unconverted, state. Nevertheless, the angel informs Zechariah that even now God considers himself their God. He is still deeply concerned about them. In this connection read also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.78.1|AUTODETECT|” Psalms 78:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ( My people give ear, etc.); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.16.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.16.21|AUTODETECT|” Ezek. 16:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.17.7|AUTODETECT|” . Having made a covenant with his people, the Lord has a special claim on them, and a unique interest in them! That holds even today, for ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.17.7|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 17:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.38|AUTODETECT|” finds its echo in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.38|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.39|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.39|AUTODETECT|” 39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.6-42.13.10|AUTODETECT|” . And in this connection do not forget ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.6-42.13.10|AUTODETECT|” Luke 13:6 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.5|AUTODETECT|” The angel concludes his message by giving Zechariah this further description of the relation of the promised child to the Messiah, the effect of his ministry upon family life, and the final purpose of all this: 17. And he will go before him in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the frame of mind of the righteous, in order to make ready for the Lord a people well-prepared. What we have here is Christ s own commentary on the words of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.5|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 4:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.4|AUTODETECT|” . John s public appearance to Israel would precede that of Jesus. But what the text (both in Malachi and here in Luke) offers is more than a chronological item, though that too is clearly implied. Not only will John precede Jesus in time; he will actually be his herald or forerunner. As such he will announce and introduce his Master to the people. Even more: by means of his ministry calling people to conversion he will be an instrument in God s hand in preparing the people for the reception of their Messiah. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.4|AUTODETECT|” Luke 3:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 f.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Note in the spirit and power of Elijah. Does this mean that John was Elijah? The answer is both No and Yes. Not literally, as is clear from the fact that when John was asked, Are you Elijah? he truthfully answered, I am not 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.21|AUTODETECT|” John 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.13|AUTODETECT|” ). But figuratively, so that Jesus even calls him Elijah 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.13|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.12|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.12|AUTODETECT|” 17:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.12|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.17|AUTODETECT|” ). The solution is given here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 :) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.18.18|AUTODETECT|” The spirit and power of Elijah was going to be clearly displayed in John the Baptist. Cf. Elijah s boldness, I have not troubled Israel but you [Ahab] have 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.18.18|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 18:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.4|AUTODETECT|” ), with the Baptist s 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.4|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 14:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.7|AUTODETECT|” ), It isn t right for you [Herod Antipas] to have her [your brother Philip s wife Herodias]. And see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.7|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 3:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.7|AUTODETECT|” Luke 3:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Of the words to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the frame of mind of the righteous there are two contrasting interpretations:) a. The fathers are the patriarchs. The conversion of many people through John s ministry would cause the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, etc. from their heavenly abodes to look down with favor upon their formerly disobedient but now transformed children.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.1|AUTODETECT|” Support for this theory, according to which the souls of the departed are spectators who are constantly looking down upon the arena in which their struggling descendants are still living, is found by its proponents in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.1|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 12:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .��61��) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Comment. We can understand that this type of interpretation would appeal to those who indulge in fanciful speculations concerning the life hereafter. One author points out its weakness as follows:) Some people think this refers to the contrast between a devout ancestry and an apostate posterity. As we see it, this view is incorrect, since on the basis of that interpretation it is impossible to understand how the heart of the fathers, who died long ago, can be turned back to the children. He correctly concludes: We must think of the relation between parents and their children. ��62��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.1|AUTODETECT|” And as to the similarly speculative interpretation of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.1|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 12:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , for the correct view read F. F. Bruce, The Epistle to the Hebrews (New International Commentary), Grand Rapids, 1964, pp. 345, 346.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 b. True conversion results, among other things, in revival of harmonious and loving relationships in the home.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Comment. This interpretation fits the historical background in Malachi. As a result of mixed marriages 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) and easy divorce (2:14) family relationships had become disrupted.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.32|AUTODETECT|” Conditions of this character continued into the new dispensation, as is clear from Christ s teaching on divorce and remarriage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.32|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.9|AUTODETECT|” 19:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Nevertheless, family life is of the utmost importance, and this not only for the well-being, both spiritual and physical, of parents and children, but also for the true prosperity of the nation, the church, and society in general. From a spiritual point of view the generation gap is often ruinous.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 To reverse this situation was one of the purposes of Malachi s preaching during the old dispensation, and of John s preaching at the beginning of the new dispensation. Given believing parents and similarly right-minded children, domestic harmony results; consequently also effective witness-bearing.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.21|AUTODETECT|” The end result of this ministry of the way-preparer will therefore be the bringing about of a people well-prepared, that is, fit for the Master s use 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.21|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.34-40.10.37|AUTODETECT|” As some see it, the explanation given above is in conflict with the statement of Jesus recorded in such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.34-40.10.37|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:34 37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.51-42.12.53|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.51-42.12.53|AUTODETECT|” Luke 12:51 53) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.14.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.14.26|AUTODETECT|” 14:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ): Do not think that I came to bring peace on earth. I did not come to bring peace but a sword. For I came to set a man against his father, a daughter against her mother, etc. However, any suggestion of real conflict is baseless. It is, in fact, very easy to conceive of a twofold result of the preaching of the gospel, whether by the Baptist or by Jesus: (a) In many families there would be a sharp division, some siding with the truth, others opposing it. (b) In other families, however, those who had been opposed were going to be converted, so that parents and children would become united in spirit, all serving the Lord.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Zechariah s reaction to the cheering words of the angel was disappointing: 18. Then Zechariah asked the angel, How can I be sure of this? For I am an old man and my wife is advanced in years. For this reaction there was no excuse. It was definitely the response of unbelief.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.15.8|AUTODETECT|” In order to lessen the seriousness of the priest s improper question it has been argued that Abraham, Gideon, and Hezekiah reacted similarly to astounding promises. Did not Abraham ask, How am I to know 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.15.8|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 15:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.6.36-7.6.40|AUTODETECT|” )? Did not Gideon ask for a sign; in fact, for two signs 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.6.36-7.6.40|AUTODETECT|” Judg. 6:36 40) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.20.8-12.20.11|AUTODETECT|” )? And did not even King Hezekiah ask for a sign to show that he would indeed be healed 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.20.8-12.20.11|AUTODETECT|” II Kings 20:8 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 )?) 1 1 2 8 0 0 There are differences, however:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.15.6|AUTODETECT|” a. As is clear from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.15.6|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 15:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.15.8|AUTODETECT|” , Abraham s response was definitely that of faith, not of unbelief. In the light of that passage ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.15.8|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 15:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 can perhaps best be interpreted as a request for a sign to strengthen his faith.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 b. The same holds, perhaps, in the case of Gideon. Note also his words of awe and reverence, Let not thy anger burn against me, etc.) c. Similarly the very phraseology employed by Hezekiah shows that he was not offering an objection but wanted very definitely to believe God s promise.) Over against all this stands Zechariah s response which almost amounted to, I don t believe you, for people as old as we are do not become parents. Besides, what is often passed by in silence is the fact that Zechariah acted as he did in spite of the fact that he had before him all these examples: God s faithfulness to his promise in the case of Abraham, Gideon, Hezekiah, and very many others.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.6|AUTODETECT|” For other illustrations of sinful skepticism read ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.6|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.2.16-12.2.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.2.16-12.2.18|AUTODETECT|” II Kings 2:16 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.37|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.37|AUTODETECT|” Luke 24:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.38|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.38|AUTODETECT|” 38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.24|AUTODETECT|” John 20:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.25|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.12-44.12.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.12-44.12.15|AUTODETECT|” Acts 12:12 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.4|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 3:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 2 2 8 0 0 19. I am Gabriel, the angel answered. I stand in the presence of God, and I was sent to speak to you, and to bring you this good news.) It is true that the angel s I am Gabriel follows Zechariah s I am an old man. Nevertheless, the intended contrast is not thus indicated. The confrontation is rather that between the priest s cold skepticism and the angel s towering certainty, between the former s presumptuous doubt and the latter s profound conviction. Gabriel is conscious of having delivered God s good news, bound to be fulfilled when the appropriate season arrives (verse 20). And because Zechariah has called in question a wonderful gospel promise that sprang from the heart and mind of God himself he deserved to be punished.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.8.16|AUTODETECT|” I am Gabriel. The name Gabriel has been interpreted variously as meaning: man of God, mighty one of God, Mighty (is) God. Elsewhere Gabriel is also mentioned in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.8.16|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 8:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.9.21|AUTODETECT|” , where he explains the vision of the ram and the he-goat; in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.9.21|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 9:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.26-42.1.38|AUTODETECT|” f., where he interprets the prophecy of the seventy weeks; and in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.26-42.1.38|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:26 38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.10.13|AUTODETECT|” , where he promises that in a very mysterious manner Mary will become the mother of the long-awaited Messiah. The only other angel mentioned by name in Scripture is Michael 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.10.13|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 10:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.10.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.10.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Jude 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.7|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 12:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Note also the significant words I stand in the presence of God. Partly because of this added qualification several more or less speculative theories have sprung up with respect to Gabriel:) a. that he is not a created being but the Holy Spirit;) b. that in distinction from the task assigned to Michael and the other angels, it is Gabriel s special function not only to bring but also to interpret God s messages to those human beings for whom they are intended; and) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.8.2|AUTODETECT|” c. that Gabriel is one of the seven angels 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.8.2|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 8:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ) not to be confused with the seven Spirits 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) who stand in the presence of God.��63��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.19|AUTODETECT|” There is nothing in the text or context that even remotely suggests theory (a). As to (b), it is doubtful whether this conclusion is supported by sufficient evidence. As to (c), this theory may well be correct. At least the correspondence between ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.19|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.8.2|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.8.2|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 8:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.10|AUTODETECT|” is striking. Both Gabriel and the seven angels are described as standing before God. Absolute certainty is, however, unattainable. Because of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.10|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 18:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 one might ask, But do not all the angels stand in God s presence, beholding the face of the Father? ��64��) 1 4 2 8 0 0 Has the priest asked for a sign? He will receive a sign, but not the one he had asked for. So Gabriel continues: 20. And now, mark well, because you did not believe my words, which will be fulfilled in their proper time, you will remain silent and not able to speak until the day when these things take place.) For his manifestation of unbelief Zechariah is going to be punished. Because he has made wrong use of his tongue, that tongue will be silent. But note how justice is tempered with mercy: You will not be able to speak & until the day when these things take place.

Zechariah had gone into the Holy Place. The people were in the courts.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.10.1|AUTODETECT|” According to The Talmud it was customary for the priest whose duty it was to offer incense to leave the altar as quickly as possible, lest unwittingly he commit some act of profanation. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.10.1|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 10:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.6.6|AUTODETECT|” f.; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.6.6|AUTODETECT|” II Sam. 6:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.6.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.6.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . But in the present case, completely contrary to custom, the priest took such a long time (thus literally) before returning from the sanctuary. 22. And when he did come out, he was unable to speak to them. Then they realized that he had seen a vision in the sanctuary, for he kept making signs to them but remained unable to speak. As predicted by Gabriel (verse 20), Zechariah was dumb, unable to speak. By means of signs he was trying to convey this information to the assembled multitude.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.23|AUTODETECT|” Though the text nowhere states that fear was staring from the priest s eyes, blanched his cheeks, and caused his limbs to tremble, something akin to this may well have been taking place. In any event, as a result of his sign language perhaps nodding and gesturing the people realized that Zechariah had seen a vision 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.23|AUTODETECT|” Luke 24:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.19|AUTODETECT|” Acts 26:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.1|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 12:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), an awe-inspiring object or being, one generally invisible to human eyes.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 There are those who, on the basis of verse 62 which states that sometime later people began to make signs to Zechariah; if he was not deaf why did they not simply speak to him? conclude that Zechariah must have been not only dumb but also deaf. For remarks on that theory see on verse 62.) Concluded: 23 25. And when the days of his service were completed he went back to his home. After these days his wife Elizabeth became pregnant. For five months she kept herself in seclusion, saying, This is the way the Lord has dealt with me in the days in which he looked (with favor) upon me, to remove my disgrace among the people.) There is a close connection between verses 23 and 24. So interpreted verse 23, stating that Zechariah went back to his home after completing his term of service, becomes more meaningful than it would be if viewed merely as the end of a little paragraph. Rather, Zechariah went home and Elizabeth became pregnant.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.21.1|AUTODETECT|” The conception of John reminds one of the conception of Isaac 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.21.1|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 21:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.21.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.21.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.11|AUTODETECT|” ). It took a miracle to open Sarah s womb 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.11|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 11:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ). This was also true in the case of Elizabeth 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.18|AUTODETECT|” 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.36|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.36|AUTODETECT|” 36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.37|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.37|AUTODETECT|” 37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.19|AUTODETECT|” ). Similarly, it took a miracle to enable Abraham, Sarah s husband, to deposit seed 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.19|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 4:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ). In view of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.18|AUTODETECT|” 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , indicating that Zechariah was an old man, was not also the restoration of his productive capacity the result of a miracle?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.35|AUTODETECT|” In the case of Mary and her son Jesus the miracle was even more astounding. In physical terms, her son Jesus had no human father at all. God was his Father, Mary his mother. For further comment see on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.35|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Elizabeth conceived, for God s promises never fail. Then she kept herself in seclusion five months. The reason for this is not given. Some say that this conduct on her part was according to custom. It may well be better to explain her seclusion in the light of the following context. In connection with verse 7 it was shown that by many people barrenness was considered a sign of God s disfavor.

The thought occurs therefore (especially in connection with verse 25) that she decided not again to appear in public until the moment would draw near that people in general could see that the Lord had looked upon her with favor and had removed from her the (unjustifiable) disgrace of barrenness. That she was, indeed, a very devout woman is evident from the fact that she not only realizes but also openly confesses that her pregnancy was a divine blessing graciously bestowed upon her.��65��) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.5-42.1.25|AUTODETECT|” Practical Lessons Derived from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.5-42.1.25|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:5 25) 1 20 2 8 0 0 Verse 5) His wife was also a descendant of Aaron. Compatibility is essential to happiness in marriage.) Verse 6) Righteous in the sight of God. Although reputation with men should never become a matter of indifference, righteousness in the sight of God matters most.) Observing all the commandments and requirements of the Lord. God s moral law must be applied to actual life situations.) Verse 7) However, they were childless. Man s extremity is God s opportunity. ) Verses 8 10) Chosen to burn incense. Descending showers (of blessing) require ascending incense (of thanksgiving and prayer).) The entire assembled congregation & engaged in prayer.

Prayer is for the many, by the many. It must not become a monopoly.) Verses 11, 12) Then there appeared to him an angel of the Lord. Though we generally do not see them, angels are there. They are interested in the establishment of God s kingdom on earth.) Verse 13) Zechariah, & your petition has been heard. God s delays are not denials.) Ah nothing is too late) Till the tired heart shall cease to palpitate. ) (Longfellow)) Verse 14) Many will rejoice over his birth. To weep with those who weep is good.

Could it be that to rejoice with those who rejoice is at least just as good?) Verse 15) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.46-42.9.48|AUTODETECT|” He will be great in the sight of the Lord. The badge of true greatness is humility 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.46-42.9.48|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:46 48) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 18 2 8 0 0 Filled with the Holy Spirit. Enthusiasm derived from intoxication leaves a bitter taste. Energy derived from transformation brings lasting reward.) Verse 16) Many of the sons of Israel will he turn to the Lord their God. He who winneth souls is wise. ) Verse 17) To turn the hearts of the fathers to the children. ) Enter the love of God,) Exit the generation gap.) To make ready for the Lord a people well-prepared. Salvation begins with God. It also ends with him.) Verses 18 20) How can I be sure of this?

Skepticism with respect to God s promises is inexcusable.) You will remain silent & until the day when these things take place. God s justice is tempered with mercy.) Verses 23 25) This is the way the Lord has dealt with me. Blessings should not only be counted. They should be traced to the Giver, so that acknowledgment and thanksgiving may result.) ) Notes on Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 1:5 25) Verse 5) ��* = �� !��; hence basically a service limited to a prescribed number of days; here: a division or course of priests who performed this service. So also in verse 8.) Verse 6) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.3.4|AUTODETECT|” A solemn sense of the Lord s active omnipresence, reminding one of Old Testament passages 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.3.4|AUTODETECT|” Num. 3:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.0|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.0|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 139) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , etc.), is indicated by such synonymous expressions as) 1 1 2 8 0 0 ��** �� here in verse 6 (cf. 24:19);) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.8.21|AUTODETECT|” ��** �� in verse 8 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.8.21|AUTODETECT|” Acts 8:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ); and) 1 1 2 8 0 0 �� in verse 15 (cf. 1:19).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Note here not the adverb blamelessly, as in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.10|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.23|AUTODETECT|” 5:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.15|AUTODETECT|” , but the adjective blameless, without reproach, as in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.15|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.6|AUTODETECT|” 3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.13|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 7 2 8 0 0 Verse 7) ��, barren; cf. sterile.) �� & &��, periphrastic past perfect of ��; cf. the feminine participle in verse 18.) Verse 8) 1��, pres. infinitive of 1��, to serve as priest. With this compare in) Verse 9) 1��, priesthood, priestly office.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ��, third per. s. aor. indicat. of ��. Here the meaning is: to be chosen by lot. Cf. to obtain 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.1|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.24|AUTODETECT|” ); and: to cast lots 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.24|AUTODETECT|” John 19:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Note usual gen. construction after ��. Chosen by lot connects grammatically with to burn incense. ) 1 2 2 8 0 0 �� = aor. infinitive of ��. Basic verb is ��, to sacrifice. Cf. fume.) Verse 10) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.8|AUTODETECT|” ��, here: the burning of incense, the incense offering; elsewhere 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.8|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 5:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.8.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.8.3|AUTODETECT|” 8:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.18.13|AUTODETECT|” f.; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.18.13|AUTODETECT|” 18:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.11|AUTODETECT|” ) incense. Related also is �� 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.11|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 8 2 8 0 0 Note periphrastic imperfect &� ��: was engaged in prayer.) Verse 11) ��, perfect participle of 5��, in the sense of the present: standing.) Verse 12) ��, third per. s. aor. indicat. pass. (probably ingressive) of ��. On this verb see N.T.C. on Mark, pp. 261, 262; and on John, Vol. II, pp. 262, 263.) Verse 13) �t ��, sec. per. s. pres. imperat. of ��. This can also be rendered, Stop being afraid. ) Verse 14) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.46|AUTODETECT|” �� = exultation. See also verse 44; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.46|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.24|AUTODETECT|” Jude 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.47|AUTODETECT|” . Cf. the cognate verb ��, to thrill (or leap) with (or for) joy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.47|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:47) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.21|AUTODETECT|” 10:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The indicated joy is great, exuberant, unrestrained. See N.T.C. on Matthew, p. 280.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Verse 15) Note the strong negative �P ��, followed by the aor. subjunctive ��: he shall in no wise drink; he must never touch.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.10|AUTODETECT|” ��, third per. s. fut. indicat. passive of ��, in the New Testament almost confined to Luke s writings; but see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.10|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 22:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.48|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.48|AUTODETECT|” 27:48) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.12.12|AUTODETECT|” � �� x� �P��, probably another indication that Luke is here translating or is at least strongly influenced by a Semitic source. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.12.12|AUTODETECT|” Num. 12:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.16.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.16.17|AUTODETECT|” Judg. 16:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.3.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.3.10|AUTODETECT|” Job 3:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.31.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.31.18|AUTODETECT|” 31:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.13|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 139:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=21.5.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=21.5.15|AUTODETECT|” Eccles. 5:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Verse 17) �P�� is not necessarily intensive: he himself. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.8|AUTODETECT|” ��, frame of mind, disposition; in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.8|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 insight. Cf. phrenic, diaphragm.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.10|AUTODETECT|” ��, acc. s. m. perf. passive participle of ��, to prepare, make ready; see also 7:27; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.10|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.2|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ; but elsewhere: to construct, build 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.3.3|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.3.4|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.3.4|AUTODETECT|” 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.20|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 3:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Verse 19) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.2|AUTODETECT|” ��, perf. participle of ��, and like �� (in verse 11) with sense of the present; here: standing in the presence of; in 19:24 standing by; hence, assisting 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.2|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 16:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 13 2 8 0 0 Verse 20) 0��, used as a particle, has an acute accent, and is basically the aor. middle imperat. of �6��; hence means: see, behold, look; take note; in certain connections: listen, remember, mark well, there comes, suddenly, etc. The English equivalent whenever the word must be translated, which is not necessarily always the case depends on the context. The word is used to arouse the attention of the reader or hearer, especially when something new or striking is introduced. The frequent use of this particle (see also 1:31, 36, 38, 44, 48, etc.) is another reminder of the distinct probability that in this account the evangelist is making use of a Hebrew or Aramaic source. Cf. Hebrew %innh.) �� , sec. per. s. periphrastic fut. indicat. of ��; here: to remain silent.) The locative �, on which, becomes ‘�, being attracted to the case of !��.

This is not at all unusual, especially in Luke. See Gram. N.T., pp. 715, 717.) �� g� = because. The basic sense of ��, in the place of, in return for, is clear also in this case. See my doctoral dissertation The Meaning of the Preposition �� in the New Testament, Princeton, 1948, pp. 37, 40, 91, 92. The punishment suits the crime.) In distinction from ��, �� views time from the aspect of the opportunity it provides, and not simply as a change from the past into the present into the future, not mere duration.

See R. C. Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament, Grand Rapids, 1948, par. lvii.) Verse 22) ��, third per. pl. aor. indicat. of ��, here in the sense of to realize. See also on verse 4.) &� ��, periphrastic imperfect of ��, to nod, to make signs.) ��, here: unable to speak, dumb; but in 7:22 unable to hear, deaf. See also N.T.C. on Mark, p. 302, footnote 346.) Verse 23) For �� see the note on 2:6 on page 147, and the note on 4:28 on p. 261. �� = �� and ��, work for the people, a public service or office; here: service as priest. Cf. liturgy.) Verse 24) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.54|AUTODETECT|” ��, third per. s. 2nd aor. indicat. act. of ��. Meanings: (a) to seize, arrest 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.54|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:54) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.55|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.55|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:55) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.48|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.48|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:48) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.12|AUTODETECT|” John 18:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Acts 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.3|AUTODETECT|” 12:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.9|AUTODETECT|” ); (b) to catch 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.9|AUTODETECT|” Luke 5:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.7|AUTODETECT|” ); (c) to take hold together; hence, to help, assist, aid 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.7|AUTODETECT|” Luke 5:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.3|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.24|AUTODETECT|” ); and (d) to conceive, become pregnant 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.24|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.15|AUTODETECT|” ; also in 1:31, 36; 2:21; and in a figurative sense in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.15|AUTODETECT|” James 1:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.7|AUTODETECT|” It is not surprising that Dr. Luke uses several words to indicate the relation of women to pregnancy. In addition to the references already mentioned see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.5|AUTODETECT|” 2:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.28|AUTODETECT|” 20:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.23|AUTODETECT|” 21:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 2 2 8 0 0 ��. It is not certain whether this is the 2nd aor. active indicat. of ��, or the imperfect indicat. of ��. Note intensive or perfective ��, perhaps: she kept herself in seclusion all around, that is, completely. However, such prefixes have a tendency to lose their intensive force. It is therefore frequently unnecessary to bring out this possible emphasis in the translation. Much depends on the context in any specific case.) Verse 25) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.29|AUTODETECT|” ��, third per. s. of ��**, used as 2nd aor. of ��; here: to look upon with favor; in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.29|AUTODETECT|” Acts 4:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 with favor drops out; hence there simply: to look upon, to consider.) 1 13 2 8 0 0 D��, disgrace. For the cognate verb see 6:22.) ) 1:26 38 The Birth of Jesus Foretold) 26 In the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God to Nazareth, a town of Galilee, 27 to a virgin pledged to be married to��66�� a man named Joseph, of David s house. The name of the virgin (was) Mary. 28 Entering, he said to her, Greetings, you highly favored one, the Lord is with you. 29 She was greatly troubled at his words and was wondering what kind of greeting this might be.) 30 But the angel said to her, Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. 31 And, behold, you will conceive in your womb and give birth to a son, and you shall give him the name Jesus. 32 He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. And the Lord God will give him the throne of his father David. 33 He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and his kingdom will never end. ) 34 Mary said to the angel, How can this be, since I am not living with a husband? ) 35 The angel answered, The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore also the holy offspring will be called the Son of God. 36 And look, Elizabeth, your relative, even she has conceived a son in her old age. This is, in fact, the sixth month for her who was said to be barren. 37 For with God nothing is ever impossible. ) 38 Mary said, Behold, the handmaid of the Lord.

May it be with me according to your word! Then the angel left her.) ) From the prediction of the birth of the herald the author, in his orderly account, now proceeds to the prediction of the birth of the One heralded:) 26, 27. In the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God to Nazareth, a town of Galilee, to a virgin pledged to be married to a man named Joseph, of David s house.) It was the sixth month of Elizabeth s pregnancy (verse 36). The same angel, Gabriel, who had predicted the birth of John, is now sent to Nazareth, a town in Galilee.) This little town is situated picturesquely on one of the southernmost slopes of the Lebanon mountain range; or, to describe it differently, at the northern edge of the fertile Plain of Esdraelon. It is located near 35 degrees E. Longitude and, like Bagdad, Nagasaki, and Augusta (Georgia, U.S.A.), near 33 degrees N.

Latitude. About 24 kilometers (15 miles) to the east of Nazareth is the southern tip of the Sea of Galilee, and 35 kilometers (22 miles) to the west of Nazareth is the Mediterranean Sea. Near i.e. to the E.S.E. of Nazareth is Mt. Tabor, a symmetrical cone, situated at the junction of the ancient territories of Naphtali, Zebulun, and Issachar.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.1|AUTODETECT|” It was to this little town in Galilee 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.1|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 9:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.15|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.15|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.16|AUTODETECT|” 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) that Gabriel was sent, for here lived Mary, a virgin pledged to be married to a man of the same town, namely, Joseph, who, like Mary herself, was of David s house.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.23|AUTODETECT|” Again and again, as the gospel story unfolds, Nazareth is going to be mentioned. In Luke see also 2:4, 39, 51; 4:16; elsewhere: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.23|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 2:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.13|AUTODETECT|” 4:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.11|AUTODETECT|” 21:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.45|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.45|AUTODETECT|” John 1:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.46|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.46|AUTODETECT|” 46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.38|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.38|AUTODETECT|” Acts 10:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 2 2 8 0 0 It was with serene dignity and commendable dispatch, such as one associates with angels, that Gabriel had carried out his mission to Zechariah. He had delivered a message of joy and gladness. Nevertheless the reception accorded him and his good news had not been altogether favorable. The reaction had been, How can I be sure of this? And now this same Gabriel is given another commission. From the point of view of earthly thinking the message he must deliver is even more unbelievable.) The great moment for which all preceding generations have been waiting has finally arrived. The Messiah is about to appear, and Gabriel has been ordered to announce his imminent arrival, an arrival by means of conception and birth.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.21|AUTODETECT|” This conception, moreover, will be unique, such as had never before occurred and will never again take place. It is to happen within the womb of a virgin! The mother-to-be, to whom the promise of the incarnation of the world s Savior 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.42|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.42|AUTODETECT|” John 4:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.14|AUTODETECT|” I John 4:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.16|AUTODETECT|” ), the King of kings and Lord of lords 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.16|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 19:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.17.14|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.17.14|AUTODETECT|” 17:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.46|AUTODETECT|” ), must be delivered, is living in & Rome certainly? No! In Jerusalem then? No! In Nazareth, a little Galilean town, by some lightly esteemed 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.46|AUTODETECT|” John 1:46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.8|AUTODETECT|” ), never even mentioned in the Old Testament! And the womb that will carry this greatest of all treasures is that of & a princess? No! It is that of a virgin pledged to be married to the village carpenter! Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.8|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 55:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Nevertheless, even though in comparison with the commission which Gabriel had carried out about six months earlier, this new one might be greeted with even colder skepticism, Gabriel obeys immediately.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.21|AUTODETECT|” Scripture everywhere stresses the holiness of the good angels, their unqualified surrender to God s will, as with solemn and rapturous adoration they stand in his awesome presence, instantly ready to carry out his orders 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.21|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 103:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.148.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.148.2|AUTODETECT|” 148:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.6.1-23.6.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.6.1-23.6.4|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 6:1 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Ready to do thy will, O Lord, is ever their motto.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 As pictured by Ezekiel each cherub has four faces, and the throne-chariot driven by them has wheels within wheels. In other words, God s angelic messengers are ready and eager to move immediately in any direction their Sovereign desires. Does this not shed light on the third petition of the Lord s Prayer: Thy will be done, as in heaven so on earth ?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.19|AUTODETECT|” Gabriel s message was to be delivered to a virgin pledged to be married to a man named Joseph. For the concept virgin see the note on verse 27 on p. 91. Though this virgin has been betrothed to Joseph, that is, in the presence of witnesses had been solemnly promised to him, the marriage feast and the living together in the common relationship of marriage had not yet taken place. This was a matter for the future, according to the custom of that day and age. As already indicated, Joseph, the husband-to-be, who in an anticipatory sense could already be called husband 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.19|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), was, like Mary, a descendant of David, as specifically stated by Luke, not only here but also in 2:4, and as shown in some detail by Matthew (1:1 17).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.12|AUTODETECT|” The name of the virgin (was) Mary. This Mary must be distinguished from the other women who bore that name: (a) the mother of John Mark 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.12|AUTODETECT|” Acts 12:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.42|AUTODETECT|” ); (b) Mary of Bethany 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.42|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.1|AUTODETECT|” John 11:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.61|AUTODETECT|” ); (c) the mother of James and Joses, who seems to have been the wife of Clopas 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.61|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 27:61) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.2|AUTODETECT|” ); and (d) Mary Magdalene 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.2|AUTODETECT|” Luke 8:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.18|AUTODETECT|” In addition to what is said about Mary, the mother of Jesus, in the infancy narratives 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.23-40.1.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.23-40.1.25|AUTODETECT|” 23 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.11|AUTODETECT|” 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.19-40.2.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.19-40.2.21|AUTODETECT|” 19 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.26-42.1.56|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.26-42.1.56|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:26 56) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.1-42.2.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.1-42.2.20|AUTODETECT|” 2:1 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.27|AUTODETECT|” 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.33-42.2.35|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.33-42.2.35|AUTODETECT|” 33 35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.41-42.2.51|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.41-42.2.51|AUTODETECT|” 41 51) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.46-40.12.50|AUTODETECT|” ) see also further references to her in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.46-40.12.50|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 12:46 50) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.1-43.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.1-43.2.11|AUTODETECT|” John 2:1 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.25-43.19.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.25-43.19.27|AUTODETECT|” 19:25 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.12-44.1.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.12-44.1.14|AUTODETECT|” Acts 1:12 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.4|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.4|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 4:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 13 2 8 0 0 Before going into the details of verses 28 38, covering the meeting between Gabriel and Mary, it may be well to take a brief look at the whole. The following items are included:) a. The angel s gracious salutation (verse 28).) b. Mary s fear and perplexity (verse 29).) c. The angel s reassurance. His promise that Mary will conceive and give birth to a very special child (verses 30 33).) d.

Mary s request for an explanation, since she is not living with a husband and accordingly does not understand how, in her present condition, she can conceive a child (verse 34).) e. The angel s comforting reply (verses 35 37).) f. Mary s courageous expression of wholehearted self-surrender, after which the angel leaves (verse 38).) How beautifully Mary s preliminary reactions items (b) and (d) are wedged in between the angel s words of encouragement and clarification! Gabriel s heart is in his work. He loves Mary. And he, in turn, is only doing what God had told him to do, and is only saying what God had ordered him to say.

Therefore, rightly considered, the story reveals the wonderful love of God. The climax too, namely, Mary s expression of unqualified submission to God s will, is all one could desire.) Unless this bird s-eye view is taken first of all, and kept in mind throughout, one is likely to ignore the forest because of the trees.) 28. Entering, he said to her, Greetings, you highly favored one, the Lord is with you. As appears from the expression entering (i.e., as a friend, relative, or neighbor would enter by the door) and the familiar word of salutation, namely, Greetings, from the very start the angel is trying to create an atmosphere of tranquility.) Gabriel continues, you highly favored one. Here Jerome s Latin version (the Vulgate) reads gratiae plena, full of grace, not a bad rendering unless it is wrongly interpreted as if it meant, Mary, you are filled with grace which is at your disposal to bestow on others. The true sense is, You are full of grace which you have received & you are in a unique sense a divinely favored person.

The immediately following context proves that this interpretation is correct, for the angel adds, The Lord is with you. ) 29. She was greatly troubled at his words and was wondering what kind of greeting this might be. In spite of the angel s cordial entrance, Mary was startled. She experienced momentary fright. Why? In all probability because she, though being a young woman of excellent moral and spiritual character, was still a sinner, who was now unexpectedly face to face with a strong, brilliant, sinless being.

It is true that the passage does not mention this cause of her alarm, but that is not a good reason to deny it (with some commentators). It surely was not necessary for Luke to state the altogether obvious.) Nevertheless, the evangelist calls attention to the fact that Mary was upset by the words of the angel. She knew that she was but a young woman of lowly social position see verses 48, 52b and therefore could not understand how it was possible for her to be addressed in such lofty terms. What? & She singled out by the Lord as the object of very special favor? The very thought shocked her.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.138.6|AUTODETECT|” Was Mary forgetting ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.138.6|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 138:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.57.15|AUTODETECT|” , For though Jehovah is high, he has regard for the lowly ? And ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.57.15|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 57:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 :) 1 6 2 8 0 0 For thus says the high and lofty One,) Who inhabits eternity, whose name is holy:) I dwell in the high and holy place,) With him also that is of a contrite and humble spirit,) To revive the spirit of the humble,) And to revive the heart of the contrite ?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.43.4|AUTODETECT|” 30. But the angel said to her, Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. Also to Zechariah the angel had said, Do not be afraid. As has been shown in connection with verse 13, this word of encouragement sings its way through Scripture. The next expression too namely, You have found favor with God is essentially a further explication of You highly favored one, the Lord is with you. A very beautiful interpretive passage is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.43.4|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 43:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , I love you. Is not God s grace or favor his love toward the undeserving?) 1 9 2 8 0 0 In the present case the contents or substance of this high favor is stated by the angel in verses) 31 33. And behold, you will conceived in your womb and give birth to a son, and you shall give him the name Jesus.) He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. And the Lord God will give him the throne of his father David.) He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and his kingdom will never end.) These thoughts, symmetrically arranged, constitute a climax; that is, in this little series of three lines the second adds meaning to the first, and the last fortifies the first and second. Briefly stated the three lines imply:) a. You, Mary, will have a son, Jesus (verse 31).) b. This son will be truly great, the Son of the Most High, and will receive the throne of his father David (verse 32).) c. His rule will never end (verse 33).) As to (a):) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.7.14|AUTODETECT|” Note the similarity between this verse and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.7.14|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 7:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Here too, as generally, the word, Behold introduces a surprising declaration: Mary, the virgin, is going to conceive and bear a son.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.21|AUTODETECT|” It is she who will name the child. In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 it is Joseph. That spells perfect harmony, as was the case also with respect to Zechariah and Elizabeth (1:60, 63).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.27-40.11.30|AUTODETECT|” As to the name Jesus, not in Luke but in Matthew this name is explained: for he will save his people from their sins. See N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 108, 132, 133. The following passages shed further light on the meaning of the name Jesus and on the work which the Father gave him to do: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.27-40.11.30|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:27 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.10|AUTODETECT|” Luke 19:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” John 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.6|AUTODETECT|” 14:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Acts 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.31|AUTODETECT|” 5:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.23|AUTODETECT|” 13:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.38|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.38|AUTODETECT|” 38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.7.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.7.25|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 7:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.5|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 As to (b):) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.6.3|AUTODETECT|” Gabriel informs Mary that her son will be great. Among the many passages in which this greatness is brought out are ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.6.3|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 6:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.41|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.41|AUTODETECT|” John 12:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.16-42.4.21|AUTODETECT|” ); 9:6, 7; and 61:1 3 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.16-42.4.21|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:16 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.28|AUTODETECT|” ). The Psalms too proclaim this fact prophetically (110:1, 2; 118:22, 23). The New Testament is full of corroborative evidence: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 7:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.29|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.29|AUTODETECT|” 29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.26|AUTODETECT|” 9:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.33|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.33|AUTODETECT|” 33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.33|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.33|AUTODETECT|” 14:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.32|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.32|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.36|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.36|AUTODETECT|” 36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.25|AUTODETECT|” 8:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.49-42.8.56|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.49-42.8.56|AUTODETECT|” 49 56) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.30|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.30|AUTODETECT|” John 20:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Acts 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.5|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 9:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.20-49.1.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.20-49.1.23|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:20 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.9-50.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.9-50.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:9 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.16|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.8.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.8.1|AUTODETECT|” Hebrews 8:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.8.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.8.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.5-66.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.5-66.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:5 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.17.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.17.14|AUTODETECT|” 17:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.16|AUTODETECT|” 19:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.32|AUTODETECT|” In fact, this child will be called that is, will actually be and will be acknowledged as being the Son of the Most High. In addition to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.32|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.35|AUTODETECT|” the beloved physician uses this divine title in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.35|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.76|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.76|AUTODETECT|” 76) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.35|AUTODETECT|” 6:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.48|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.48|AUTODETECT|” Acts 7:48) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.28|AUTODETECT|” ; also, in quotations from demoniacs in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.28|AUTODETECT|” Luke 8:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.7|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.7|AUTODETECT|” Mark 5:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.17|AUTODETECT|” ); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.17|AUTODETECT|” Acts 16:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.14.18|AUTODETECT|” The first use of the designation which stresses Jehovah s majesty and sovereignty is found in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.14.18|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 14:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.7.1|AUTODETECT|” ( And he was priest to God Most High ; Hebrew: �l celyMn). Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.7.1|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 7:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.32.8|AUTODETECT|” . In the Old Testament this title, or simply the Most High, occurs frequently; see e.g., ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.32.8|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 32:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.22.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.22.14|AUTODETECT|” II Sam. 22:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.7.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.7.17|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 7:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.9.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.9.2|AUTODETECT|” 9:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.21.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.21.7|AUTODETECT|” 21:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.46.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.46.4|AUTODETECT|” 46:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.47.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.47.2|AUTODETECT|” 47:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=25.3.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=25.3.35|AUTODETECT|” Lam. 3:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=25.3.38|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=25.3.38|AUTODETECT|” 38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.4.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.4.17|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 4:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.4.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.4.24|AUTODETECT|” 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.5.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.5.18|AUTODETECT|” 5:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.5.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.5.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.18|AUTODETECT|” 7:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.32|AUTODETECT|” The greatness which in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.32|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.12|AUTODETECT|” is prophetically ascribed to Mary s son, who is called the Son of the Most High, is all the more pronounced because it is going to be combined with humility and the eagerness of this Exalted One to sacrifice himself for the salvation of sinners. Therefore, in listing passages that bear testimony to this greatness one should refer not only to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.12|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.27|AUTODETECT|” a but also to 53:12b; not only to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.27|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.18-40.28.20|AUTODETECT|” but also to 11:28 30 and 12:17 21; not only to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.18-40.28.20|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 28:18 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” but also to 20:28 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.7.11-10.7.13|AUTODETECT|” In fulfilment of prophecy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.7.11-10.7.13|AUTODETECT|” II Sam. 7:11b 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.89.4|AUTODETECT|” ; see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.89.4|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 89:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.89.29|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.89.29|AUTODETECT|” 29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.89.35-19.89.37|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.89.35-19.89.37|AUTODETECT|” 35 37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.132.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.132.11|AUTODETECT|” 132:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.6|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 9:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.16.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.16.5|AUTODETECT|” 16:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.23.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.23.5|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 23:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.23.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.23.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.5|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 5:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.7.11-10.7.13|AUTODETECT|” ) the Lord God would give Jesus the throne of his father David. The prophecy found in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.7.11-10.7.13|AUTODETECT|” II Sam. 7:11b 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.32|AUTODETECT|” would find its ultimate fulfilment in Jesus. In this connection note that his descent from David, according to his human nature, is also here 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.32|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.7.11-10.7.13|AUTODETECT|” ) very definitely confirmed. Among the many other passages that prove this some have just now been mentioned 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.7.11-10.7.13|AUTODETECT|” II Sam. 7:11b 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.132.11|AUTODETECT|” especially ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.132.11|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 132:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.23.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.23.5|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 23:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.23.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.23.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.5|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.5|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 5:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.35|AUTODETECT|” ); others are ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.35|AUTODETECT|” Mark 12:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.38|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.38|AUTODETECT|” Luke 18:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.69|AUTODETECT|” . And see on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.69|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:69) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 2 2 8 0 0 As to (c):) Not only will Mary have a son, and not only will this son be great, even the Son of the Most High, to whom God will give the throne of his father David, but thirdly, the rule of this Jesus will last forever: he will reign over the house of Jacob forever; his kingdom will never end.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.46.7|AUTODETECT|” It should be unnecessary to state that according to our Lord s own explanation it is not an earthly or political kingdom that is in view here, but rather the kingdom or rule of grace and truth established in the hearts and lives of all those who have the God of Jacob as their refuge 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.46.7|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 46:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.46.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.46.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.21|AUTODETECT|” ). See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.21|AUTODETECT|” Luke 17:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.15|AUTODETECT|” John 6:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.36|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.36|AUTODETECT|” 18:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.37|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.37|AUTODETECT|” 37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.6-44.1.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.6-44.1.8|AUTODETECT|” Acts 1:6 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.17|AUTODETECT|” . In the words of the apostle Paul this kingdom is one of righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.17|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 14:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Its ultimate outward manifestation will be the new heaven and earth and all the blessings that go with this gloriously renewed universe. See also N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 249, 250.) 1 11 2 8 0 0 Gabriel s statement, and his kingdom will never end , must be taken at face value:) When we ve been there ten thousand years,) Bright shining as the sun,) We ve no less days to sing God s praise) Than when we first begun.��67��) John Newton) Now Mary s second reaction:) 34. Mary said to the angel, How can this be, since I am not living with a husband? It will be recalled that when Gabriel had told Zechariah that the latter s wife Elizabeth would have a son, the priest had answered, How can I be sure of this? His response amounted to I can t believe it. Mary, on the other hand, is not guilty of lack of faith. She believes (see verse 45).

But she is befuddled, bewildered, mystified. She has correctly interpreted the angel s message to mean that without the assistance of a husband she is about to conceive a child. So far so good. But how was this possible? Among humans conception without insemination was unheard of.) Though the answer Mary received still left certain questions unanswered, it contained all she needed to know at the moment:) 35. The angel answered, The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you.

Thus the angel makes very clear to Mary that her conception will result from a divine, not a human, action.) The answer is cast in the form of synonymous parallelism, so that The Holy Spirit is paired with the power of the Most High, and will come upon you with will overshadow you. Resultant meaning: The personal Holy Spirit will bring about this wonder in Mary s womb by exerting his divine power.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.25.22|AUTODETECT|” The activity here described as coming upon or overshadowing is by most commentators brought into relation with the overarching Shekinah (cloud of light), by means of which Jehovah manifested his presence from a position above the ark of the covenant and between the cherubs 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.25.22|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 25:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.40.34-2.40.38|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.40.34-2.40.38|AUTODETECT|” 40:34 38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.60.2|AUTODETECT|” ). See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.60.2|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 60:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.5|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 17:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.9|AUTODETECT|” Luke 2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 9:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.2|AUTODETECT|” . This reference is probably legitimate. Nevertheless, something must perhaps be added. The overshadowing or covering of which Luke speaks here is not static but active. It is creative, productive. It causes Mary to conceive a child. Our thoughts are therefore also and perhaps especially directed to the Spirit of God creatively hovering over the waters at the time of creation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.1.2|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.104.30|AUTODETECT|” ). In this same connection see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.104.30|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 104:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , expressed poetically in the line: Thy Spirit O God makes life to abound. The overshadowing Spirit, therefore, not only protects but also creates. It brings about conception within Mary s womb.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The conclusion is very logical: Therefore also the holy offspring will be called the Son of God. Not of Joseph but of God!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.13-19.139.16|AUTODETECT|” Does this mean that Gabriel has now made everything perfectly clear to Mary? Of course not. As anyone who has ever taken a course in human embryology knows, even ordinary conception within the human womb is veiled in mystery. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.13-19.139.16|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 139:13 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Therefore this unique conception, by means of which the pre-existing Word of God assumes the human nature, surpasses human comprehension all the more. Neither God nor Gabriel demands of Mary that she must understand everything. What is required of her is only this, that she believes and willingly submits.) 1 6 2 8 0 0 In order to strengthen her faith the angel now directs Mary s attention to what may well be considered another miracle, in order that from the acceptance of the miraculous but not unique (verse 36) her faith may advance (verse 35) to the acceptance of the uniquely miraculous :) 36. And look, Elizabeth, your relative, even she has conceived a son in her old age. This is, in fact, the sixth month for her who was said to be barren.) Note the following:) a. The conception of John was in a sense miraculous, as has been indicated. It was a miracle that this could happen to people well advanced in years. Nevertheless it was not unique.

It could be compared with the conception of Isaac. On the other hand, the conception of Jesus was uniquely miraculous, for it took place without the assistance of any human male. If, then, the Almighty God is able to bring about the conception of Isaac and of John, will he not also be able to do that which is even more miraculous?) b. Elizabeth your relative. Much has been written about this. Some, almost unbelievably, have drawn the conclusion that since Elizabeth was a descendant of Aaron, hence of Levi (verse 5), and since Mary was her relative (verse 36), it follows that Mary did not belong to the tribe of Judah!

The next step is also usually taken: Jesus did not spring from Judah.) Comment. It has already been shown see on verse 32 that according to the consistent teaching of Scripture Jesus, according to his human nature, was indeed a descendant of David and Judah. Besides, given two ancestors Judah ancestor of Mary, Levi of Elizabeth it is certainly conceivable that an anterior or a lateral relative of Mary, or of Elizabeth, had been married to a descendant of the other ancestor. The result would be that to some extent the tribes would become mixed, so that in the present case Mary, while certainly belonging to the tribe of Judah, and Elizabeth, while just as definitely being a descendant of Levi, could still be blood relatives. While this is being written the author is thinking of a certain retired minister of the gospel who is Caucasian on both his father s and his mother s side. Nevertheless, he has cousins, blood relatives, who, in addition to being part Caucasian, are also part Chinese, Malayan, and Ethiopian!

Indeed, the fact that Mary was a descendant of David and Judah but her relative Elizabeth a descendant of Aaron and Levi presents no difficulty at all.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.113.9|AUTODETECT|” c. even she has conceived in her old age. This is in fact the sixth month, etc. Since during that month the fetus is rapidly gaining in size and weight, Elizabeth s pregnant condition would soon become visible to everyone. See above, on verse 24. It has been suggested that Gabriel, in informing Mary about Elizabeth s condition, is hinting that she pay her relative a visit. By doing this she will see for herself that Jehovah our God & makes the barren woman to be & a joyful mother 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.113.9|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 113:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.18.14|AUTODETECT|” 37. For with God nothing is ever impossible. He is able to do whatever he wishes to do 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.18.14|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 18:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.115.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.115.3|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 115:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.32.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.32.17|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 32:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.4.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.4.35|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 4:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.26|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 19:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.27|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.27|AUTODETECT|” Luke 18:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.19|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.20|AUTODETECT|” 3:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Therefore he was able to give a child to Zechariah and Elizabeth though both had long given up hope of ever having one. And therefore he was also able to fulfil his promise to Mary, without any help from Joseph.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 38. Mary said, Behold the handmaid of the Lord. May it be with me according to your word! Instead of handmaid some insist on the translation slave. Most translators and commentators have concluded that in the present context that rendering would not be felicitous.��68��) This conclusion is based upon the fact that with the word slave we generally associate the ideas of forced subjection, involuntary service, and (frequently) harsh treatment. On the other hand, Mary s final reaction was the very opposite.

May it be with me according to your word reminds one of the humble and fully surrendered attitude of the Servant in Isaiah s great Servant passages (42:1 9; 49:1 9a; 50:4 11; and 52:13 53:12). She is and is eager to be the handmaid of the Lord, ready to do his will and to be used for carrying out his purpose.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.18|AUTODETECT|” In view of the story recorded in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.22.23|AUTODETECT|” this was not easy. Mary knew that becoming pregnant at this particular time, before her marriage to Joseph had been consummated, would expose her to painful criticism and ridicule; perhaps to something even worse 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.22.23|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 22:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 f.). But she made a complete surrender. She placed herself, body and soul, at the disposal of the God who loved her and who, by means of this promised pregnancy and childbirth, was bestowing upon her an inestimable blessing.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Gabriel s mission had been fully accomplished. So we are not surprised to read: Then the angel left her.��69��) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.26-42.1.38|AUTODETECT|” Practical Lessons Derived from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.26-42.1.38|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:26 38) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Verses 26, 27) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.16.7|AUTODETECT|” Gabriel & sent from God to Nazareth & to a virgin. Man looks at the outward appearance but the Lord looks at the heart 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.16.7|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 16:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 b).) 1 20 2 8 0 0 Verses 28 30) You highly favored one & you have found favor with God. From first to last our salvation is the work of God, the product of his grace or favor.) Verse 31) You shall give him the name Jesus. ) I know of a Name, a beautiful Name, etc.) Jean Perry) Verses 32, 33) He will be great & and his kingdom will never end. ) Crowns and thrones may perish, Kingdoms rise and wane,) But the Church of Jesus constant will remain.) Sabine Baring-Gould, third stanza of) Onward Christian Soldiers ) Verse 35) Holy offspring & Son of God. For man s salvation it was necessary that the Savior be: (a) man, (b) sinless, (c) God. This passage shows that Jesus was and is all three; hence, the perfect Savior.) Verses 36, 37) Elizabeth & has conceived in her old age.& For with God nothing is ever impossible. ) A mighty fortress is our God,) A bulwark never failing, etc.) Martin Luther) Verse 38) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.37.5|AUTODETECT|” Behold, the handmaid of the Lord, etc. Though Mary did not fully comprehend, she believed! Faith means committing one s way to the Lord, trusting him, knowing that he will do whatever is best 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.37.5|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 37:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). For other descriptions of faith see N.T.C. on Mark, pp. 458, 459.) 1 5 2 8 0 0 ) Notes on Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 1:26 38) Verse 26) ��, third per. s. 2nd aor. passive indicat. of ��. Cf. apostle.) Verse 27) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.25|AUTODETECT|” ��. See N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 133 144. The meaning is virgin. This or unmarried girl, unmarried woman has also been suggested as the English rendering for the Greek word �� in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.25|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 7:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.28|AUTODETECT|” 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.34|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.34|AUTODETECT|” 34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.36-46.7.38|AUTODETECT|” . With respect to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.36-46.7.38|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 7:36 38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.1|AUTODETECT|” translators and commentators are divided: some preferring betrothed, fianc�e, girl ; others daughter, single daughter, or something similar. The rendering girl will do in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.1|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 f. Nowhere does the word refer to a married woman.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.5|AUTODETECT|” ��, acc. s. f. present passive participle of ��, to ask in marriage, to betroth; passive, to be betrothed, to be pledged in marriage. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.5|AUTODETECT|” Luke 2:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 2 2 8 0 0 There is no good reason to connect of David s house with anything other than 8��. But see Lenski, op. cit., p. 40.) Verse 28) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ��, nom. s. f. perfect passive participle of ��, to favor; passive, to be visited with favor, to be (highly) favored. For this verb see also N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Ephesians 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 (active voice there).) 1 7 2 8 0 0 Verse 29) �� (from ��*), perfective of ��; see on 1:12.) ��, third p. s. imperf. indicat. of ��. On this verb see G. Schrenk s article in Th.D.N.T., Vol. II, pp. 93 98. In Luke see also 3:15; 5:21, 22; 12:17; 20:14. The verb also occurs in Matthew and (several times) in Mark.

Cf. dialog.) �4�, third per. s. pres. optative (in indirect question) of �0��.) Verse 30) �W��, sec. per. s. 2nd aor. indicat. of �Q��. Cf. Eureka! Luke is fond of this verb: he uses a form of it at least once in every chapter except chapters 3, 10, 14, 16, 20, and 21. Also in Acts this verb occurs often. It occurs frequently also in Matthew, Mark, John, and Revelation.

Elsewhere its use is scattered. For �� see on 2:40.) Verse 31) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.7.14|AUTODETECT|” ��; sec. per. s. fut. (prophetic) indicat. middle of ��, for which see on 1:24. Here in verse 31 � �� is added. Cf. synonymous expression � ��v �� in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.7.14|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 7:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.23|AUTODETECT|” 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.25.21|AUTODETECT|” ; and see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.25.21|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 25:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.18|AUTODETECT|” ��, here womb. So also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.23|AUTODETECT|” 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.19|AUTODETECT|” 24:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.17|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.23|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.3|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.2|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 12:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.12|AUTODETECT|” . In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.12|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , glutton. Basically �� means belly, stomach. Cf. gastric.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 It stands to reason that �� and ��, co-ordinate with ��, are also sec. per. s. fut. (prophetic) indicatives.) Verse 32) The divine title �1x� Q�� needs no definite articles to make it definite.) Verse 34) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.25|AUTODETECT|” �P ��, here of a woman; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.25|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.4.1|AUTODETECT|” , �P� ��, of a man. Meaning: (not) to have sexual relations with. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.4.1|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.4.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.4.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Verse 35) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.34|AUTODETECT|” ��, third per. s. fut. (prophetic) indicat. of ��, overshadow, cover, envelop. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.34|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.5|AUTODETECT|” ; see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.5|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 17:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.7|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.15|AUTODETECT|” Acts 5:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Cf. sky. Related also is the Greek word �� (darkness).) 1 8 2 8 0 0 ��, nom. s. neut. present (probably futuristic) passive participle of ��, to beget, to generate; hence literally that which is [or: will be] begotten, and so: offspring (to be).) Verse 36) ��, female relative.) ��, dat s. of ��, old age. Cf. geriatrics.) Verse 37) Note that, in accordance with the context in each case, in verse 37 �� means thing (Hebrew usage), but in verse 38 it means (spoken) word, here in the sense of prediction, prophecy.) Also note (literally) Not will be impossible with God every thing, where we would say, Nothing will be [or: is ever] impossible with God. ) Verse 38) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.18|AUTODETECT|” ��**, servant girl, handmaid. See also 1:48 and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.18|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . For further comments see the text.) 1 43 2 8 0 0 ��, third per. s. aor. optative of ��.) ) 1:39 45 Mary Visits Elizabeth) 39 At this time Mary hurried away to a town in the hill country of Judah, 40 where she entered the home of Zechariah and greeted Elizabeth. 41 When Elizabeth heard Mary s greeting, the baby leaped within her womb. Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit, 42 and in a loud voice cried out:) Blessed are you among women,) And blessed is the fruit of your womb!) 43 But how does this happen to me) That the mother of my Lord should come to me?) 44 For as soon as the sound of your greeting reached my ears) The baby within my womb leaped for joy.) 45 And blessed is she who believed,) Because there will be a fulfilment of the words) Spoken to her by the Lord.��70��) ) 39, 40. At this time Mary hurried away to a town in the hill country of Judah, where she entered the home of Zechariah and greeted Elizabeth. Undoubtedly Mary s decision to visit this dear older relative (see on verse 36) and to do this without delay was prompted by Gabriel s message regarding herself (verses 28 35) and regarding Elizabeth (verses 36, 37); yes, and also by the fact that even in her (Mary s) own case the predictions were already beginning to be fulfilled.) So she hurries to that part of the South Palestinian region which originally had been allotted to the tribe of the patriarch Judah.��71�� The main city in this hilly country was Hebron. Neither here nor in verse 23 does the evangelist mention the name of the town where Zechariah and Elizabeth were living.) Having entered the home, Mary greets Elizabeth. What kind of greeting was this?

There are those who believe that it was a very comprehensive salutation. They believe that Mary, having received from the angel Gabriel the announcement regarding the coming of the Messiah and of her own involvement in that coming (see especially verses 30 33, 35, 37), now in turn is passing on to Elizabeth this joy-imparting Messianic greeting.��72�� In favor of this theory one might argue that it would have been natural for Mary to wish to impart to a dear relative of her own sex the tremendously important announcement she had received, one which was already beginning to be translated into historical reality, for Mary was already pregnant (see verses 42, 43). Besides, this theory as to the nature of the greeting addressed to Elizabeth would explain much that is otherwise mysterious; for example, that Elizabeth immediately calls Mary the most blessed woman in the world, and that she identifies the fruit of Mary s womb as the Messiah.) Nevertheless, the theory may be open to the objection that thus a broader meaning is assigned to the term greeting (between friends and relatives) than it generally carries. Besides, if any explanation must be given to the mystery of Elizabeth s exclamation (see especially verses 42, 43), does not Luke supply it in stating that she was filled with the Holy Spirit ?) Having therefore paid to this theory the respect which it certainly deserves, but hesitating to endorse it, we will probably have to accept the more usual interpretation, namely, that the greeting to which reference is here made consisted of a warm embrace accompanied by a few genuinely loving words.) 41. When Elizabeth heard Mary s greeting, the baby leaped within her womb. Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit & At this stage of Elizabeth s pregnancy note the expression the sixth month in verse 36 a movement of the fetus would generally not have been considered unusual.

In this particular case, however, Elizabeth, illumined by the Holy Spirit, interpreted this action as an expression of the joy experienced by the unborn child. See on verse 44.) Continued: 42. and in a loud voice cried out & What Elizabeth loudly proclaimed is printed on p. 93. Note that it is there reproduced in the form of a poem. Indeed, it can truthfully be regarded as a Greek reproduction of a Semitic piece of poetry. The parallelistic structure of the lines, so characteristic of Hebrew and Aramaic poetry, the balanced form and contents of the neatly arranged clauses note, for example:) Blessed are & ) And blessed is & ) And blessed is & ) mark them as being indeed a poem; or, if one prefers, a song, Elizabeth s Song. Song here means metrical composition.

See p. 155.) This, then, is the first of five pieces of poetic literature centered about the nativity theme. In all five God is the object of adoration (1:43, 46 55, 68 73, 78, 79; 2:14, 30 32). This sentiment is at times accompanied by an expression of astonishment. The spirit of humiliation before such a great and wonderful Lord is also frequently in evidence (1:43, 48, 52, 77 79; 2:29).) When, with due consideration for what these poems have in common, the question is asked, What is the outstanding feature that distinguishes each song from the others? the answer is not easy. This is due to the fact that we find here a very pleasing intermingling of various attitudes of heart and mind. Nevertheless, the following attempt may be deserving of consideration:) Five Pieces of Poetic Literature in Luke) Name of Song Textual Reference Distinguishing Feature ) The Song of Elizabeth 1:42b 45 L O V E ) The Song of Mary 1:46 55 F A I T H ) The Prophecy of Zechariah 1:68 79 H O P E ) The Song of Angels 2:14 A D O R A T I O N ) The Song of Simeon 2:29 32 R E S I G N A T I O N ) ) ) The Song of Elizabeth) She cried out in a loud voice because her heart was filled with wonderment, thanksgiving, and, last but not least, love.

She could not restrain herself; in fact, she did not even wish to hold back.) What she cried out was:) Blessed are you among women,) And blessed is the fruit of your womb!) Blessed means more than Happy. Happy often indicates how a person feels; Blessed what he is. A person is blessed when God s favor rests upon him, when the Lord delights in him. See also N.T.C. on Matthew, p. 264.) Blessed are you among women is the Aramaic and Hebrew manner of expressing the superlative. The meaning, therefore, is, Mary, among all women on earth you are the most blessed one! See Gram.

N.T., p. 660.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.17|AUTODETECT|” And blessed is the fruit of your womb shows that Mary is pregnant, and that not only Mary but also her son is the object of the Father s delight. The fact that throughout Christ s earthly ministry the Father took special delight in his Son is evident from such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.17|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 3:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.11|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.11|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.22|AUTODETECT|” Luke 3:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.5|AUTODETECT|” ); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.5|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 17:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.7|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.7|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.35|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.18|AUTODETECT|” ); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.18|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 12:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.28|AUTODETECT|” John 12:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.24|AUTODETECT|” 17:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 2 2 8 0 0 43. But how does this happen to me) That the mother of my Lord should come to me?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.44|AUTODETECT|” The fact that Mary went to visit her relative Elizabeth shows that these two had probably become acquainted at an earlier date. They may have been in each other s company for a while in connection with one or more of the great religious festivals. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.44|AUTODETECT|” Luke 2:44) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . But the present passage shows that at this particular point of the story Elizabeth sees in Mary more than a relative or acquaintance. Zechariah s wife calls Mary the mother of my Lord! ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 How had Elizabeth discovered this fact? Had Mary already told her the big news? We have seen that in all probability the greeting as such does not necessarily imply this. Did the intra-uterine movement mentioned in verses 41 and 44 reveal this marvelous secret to Elizabeth? Yes, but not apart from the activity of the Holy Spirit, as Luke clearly indicates when he says, The baby leaped within her womb. Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit and & cried out, etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.110.1|AUTODETECT|” Note the significant expression the mother of my Lord, and compare ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.110.1|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 110:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.43|AUTODETECT|” where David again in the Spirit 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.43|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 22:43) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.44|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.44|AUTODETECT|” 44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.36|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.36|AUTODETECT|” Mark 12:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.3|AUTODETECT|” ) prophetically uses the title to describe the coming Messiah. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.3|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 12:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 5 2 8 0 0 Elizabeth continues:) 44. For as soon as the sound of your greeting reached my ears) The baby within my womb leaped for joy.) Does this leaping for joy mean that the child in Elizabeth s womb had suddenly become cognizant of the nearby presence of the Messiah? There are those who defend this theory. The distinguished Dutch commentator S. Greijdanus, commenting on verse 44, wrote as follows: The statement concerns an operation of the Holy Spirit which caused Elizabeth s child to feel, experience, and know that the mother of the Lord, and within her the Lord himself, was present here and now, and which caused that child to leap forward toward the Lord with a dance of joyful jubilation. ��73�� And again, By means of this action Elizabeth s child also acknowledged his inferiority in relation to Mary s Child. ��74��) But does Luke s account really say or imply all this? Rather it would seem that verse 44 (in connection with verses 40 43) states and implies only the following: (1) Mary greets Elizabeth. (2) Elizabeth hears the greeting. (3) The fetus within Elizabeth s womb leaps for joy. (4) Elizabeth, filled with the Holy Spirit, responds to the greeting.

In her enthusiastic exclamation she calls Mary the most blessed woman and expresses surprised joy that the one whom she designates the mother of my Lord is honoring her with a visit. (5) She interprets the movement of the babe within her womb as being a sign of its joy, this very joy being the evidence to her of the Lord s presence in Mary s womb. See further on 1:67.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.31|AUTODETECT|”
In our interpretation it is probably not safe to penetrate any deeper than this, or to accept the possibility of propositional religious knowledge on the part of a fetus of approximately six months. That at this stage of its development it already has all the nerves it will ever have and is normally able to react to stimuli is well known. In view of verse 15 it should be added that in some mysterious manner, incapable of further analysis, the Holy Spirit was already actively present in the soul of Elizabeth s child. Further than this we cannot go.��75�� See also N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.31|AUTODETECT|”
John 1:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
a.) 1 7 2 8 0 0
Elizabeth adds,) 45. And blessed is she who believed,) Because there will be a fulfilment of the words) Spoken to her by the Lord.) Although the rendering And blessed is she who believed that there will be, etc., is also possible, the first translation has the following in its favor:) a. The positive assurance that God is going to fulfil his promises to Mary is a more solid ground, a more valid reason, for calling her blessed than her own subjective faith in the fulfilment of these promises.) b. Blessed is she who believed is a richer expression than Blessed is she who believed that, etc. The first rendering more definitely than the second describes Mary as a woman of faith.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.20.29|AUTODETECT|”
c. Blessed is she who believed is in line with Blessed are those who, though not seeing, are yet believing 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.20.29|AUTODETECT|”
John 20:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.15.6|AUTODETECT|”
). See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.15.6|AUTODETECT|”
Gen. 15:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.4.3|AUTODETECT|”
7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.4.3|AUTODETECT|”
Rom. 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.6|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.6|AUTODETECT|”
Gal. 3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.9|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.9|AUTODETECT|”
9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=59.2.23|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=59.2.23|AUTODETECT|”
James 2:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.6.20|AUTODETECT|”
d. As to conciseness of phraseology, the beatitude Blessed is she who believed is also more in line with the familiar beatitudes of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.6.20|AUTODETECT|”
Luke 6:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.5.1|AUTODETECT|”
f., cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.5.1|AUTODETECT|”
Matt. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
f.) 1 4 2 8 0 0
e. Finally, the construction, Blessed is she who believed, describes more adequately than does its alternative what had been Mary s reaction to Gabriel s message.) That reaction, it will be recalled, had been: first, alarm and astonishment (verse 29); then, an earnest request for an explanation (verse 34); and finally, the complete surrender that characterizes the person who lives by the rule, Trust and obey (verse 38). For the rest, see the note on verse 45 on p. 99.) As to & there will be a fulfilment, etc., note the following: the words of the Lord (via Gabriel) recorded in 1:31a, 35a (unique conception) had already been fulfilled, and the promises contained in 31b, 32, 33, 35b (still largely unfulfilled) were going to be realized, as the rest of the Gospels, etc., abundantly prove.) What deserves special attention is this outstanding fact, namely, that in Elizabeth s entire exuberant exclamation (verses 41b 45) envy never raises its head. Elizabeth was, after all, much older than Mary (cf. 1:7, 18, 36 with 2:5). Yet this aged woman is deeply conscious of her own unworthiness and genuinely rejoices in the joy of her much younger relative!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.13.4|AUTODETECT|”
How can this complete absence of the begrudging attitude be explained? The answer is found in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.13.4|AUTODETECT|”
I Cor. 13:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0: Love does not envy. Is not this a good reason for calling this poem Elizabeth s Song of Love ?��76��) 1 1 2 8 0 0 ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.39-42.1.45|AUTODETECT|” Practical Lessons Derived from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.39-42.1.45|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:39 45) 1 7 2 8 0 0 Verses 39, 40) Mary & hurried away to Elizabeth. God s grace spans the generation gap.) Verse 41) Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit. In this story note the following fruits of the Spirit s indwelling: knowledge, humility, gratitude, love.) Verse 42) Blessed are you among women. In our legitimate opposition to Mary-worship we should guard against falling into the opposite extreme!) Verse 43) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.7.25|AUTODETECT|” My Lord. If Elizabeth so described Jesus when (according to his human nature) he was still a babe in Mary s womb, how much more should we not glorify the Christ who died for us and who lives evermore to intercede for us! See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.7.25|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 7:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Verse 44) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.15|AUTODETECT|” The baby within my womb leaped for joy. The fact that, in a manner mysterious beyond all explanation, the Holy Spirit can be actively present in the heart and life of a babe in the womb cannot be questioned. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.15|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Verse 45) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.15.6|AUTODETECT|” Blessed is she who believed! Not only he 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.15.6|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 15:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) but also she. Not just happy but blessed. When did Mary believe? Not only when God s promise attained initial fulfilment, but even earlier. What did she believe? That what had never happened before conception apart from any human father would happen now; that the Hope of all the ages would be realized, in its initial stage, within the womb of a lowly Jewish virgin, namely, herself. How did she manifest her trust in God? By means of voluntary and complete surrender to his will. See 1:38. What a theme for a sermon!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.8|AUTODETECT|” There will be a fulfilment. God is love 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.8|AUTODETECT|” I John 4:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Therefore, if his threats attain fulfilment, will not his promises?) 1 6 2 8 0 0 ) Notes on Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 1:39 45) Verse 39) ��, nom. s. 2nd aor. fem. participle of ��. This verb is very frequent in Luke; often, as probably also here, with weakened meaning, merely indicating the beginning of an action. In the present case it can even be omitted in the translation. Whether, in any particular instance, this participle can be considered redundant depends on the context. On this verb see also N.T.C. on Mark, p. 296, footnote 333; pp. 353, 354; and p. 406, footnote 495.) @�� -�, -��, hilly; hence, ! �� (��) = the hill country; cf. verse 65.) Verse 41) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.25.22|AUTODETECT|” ��, third per. s. aor. indicat. of ��, to leap for joy. See also verse 44 and 6:23. In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.25.22|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 25:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 (LXX) the correct translation is probably struggled.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.2|AUTODETECT|” ��, here and in verse 44, unborn babe; in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.2|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 2:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.15|AUTODETECT|” used in a figurative sense; in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.15|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 infancy, childhood; elsewhere baby, infant. Cf. embryo.) 1 7 2 8 0 0 Verse 42) �P�� (f.) and �P�� (m.) are perfect passive participles, indicating what had become and continued to be a fact.) Verse 44) To depart from the more usual meaning of �� = for is probably unnecessary in the present connection. The sense may well be: I (Elizabeth) suddenly perceived that you, Mary, are the mother of my Lord, for the motion of the babe within my womb made me aware of this. Translators who reject for substitute Why, I tell you, Just think, etc. It must be admitted that �� can have these meanings. See also N.T.C. on Mark, p. 639, footnote 804.) For the noun �� and the verb �� (also in verse 47) see on verse 14. See also on verse 41.) Verse 45) Lenski s declaration (op. cit., p. 53) that E��, as used here, must mean because, and that A.
T. Robertson is quite alone in judging that the meaning that is also possible is too strong. Either because or that makes good sense. The versions are rather evenly divided: because or for being favored, among others, by A.V., A.R.V., Williams, Norlie, and the Dutch ; and that by Moffatt, Berkeley, N.A.S., Jerusalem Bible, R.S.V., N.E.B., N.I.V., etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=62.5.1|AUTODETECT|”
Those who favor believed that, etc., can point to the fact that �� followed by E�� in the sense of that (a) yields an intelligible meaning; and (b) is of rather frequent occurrence in the New Testament; especially in the writings of John 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=62.5.1|AUTODETECT|”
I John 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=62.5.5|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=62.5.5|AUTODETECT|”
5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.9.28|AUTODETECT|”
). Elsewhere it occurs occasionally 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.9.28|AUTODETECT|”
Matt. 9:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.11.23|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.11.23|AUTODETECT|”
Mark 11:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.11.24|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.11.24|AUTODETECT|”
24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.6.8|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.6.8|AUTODETECT|”
Rom. 6:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.4.14|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.4.14|AUTODETECT|”
I Thess. 4:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=58.11.6|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=58.11.6|AUTODETECT|”
Heb. 11:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.9.26|AUTODETECT|”
); in all of Luke (Third Gospel and Acts) only in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.9.26|AUTODETECT|”
Acts 9:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.45|AUTODETECT|”
7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.45|AUTODETECT|”
Luke 1:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
).) 1 27 2 8 0 0
Nevertheless, while granting that she who believed that may be correct, I side with Lenski and others in my preference for because. For my reasons see the explanation.) ) 1:46 56 Mary s Magnificat) 46 And Mary said,) My soul magnifies the Lord,) 47 And my spirit rejoices in God my Savior;) 48 Because he has looked with favor upon his servant in her humble state.) For, indeed, from now on all generations will call me blessed.) 49 Because the Mighty One has done great things for me:) Holy is his name.) 50 And his mercy extends from generation to generation) To those who fear him.) 51 He has performed mighty deeds with his arm;) He has scattered those who are proud in their inmost thoughts.) 52 He has brought down rulers from (their) thrones,) But has lifted up the humble.) 53 The hungry he has filled with good things,) But has sent the rich away empty.) 54 He has helped Israel, his servant,) In remembrance of his mercy ) 55 Even as he promised��77�� our fathers ) (Mercy) to Abraham and to his seed forever. ) 56 Mary remained with Elizabeth about three months, and then returned to her home.) ) A few matters of an introductory character require attention:) 1. This is Mary s famous hymn of praise. It proceeded from her heart and lips when she visited Elizabeth. Its popular title, The Magnificat, is derived from the first word of the hymn in the Latin version: Magnificat anima mea Dominum, meaning, My soul magnifies the Lord. ) 2. The theory according to which this song is ascribed to Elizabeth must be rejected, since the textual evidence for Elizabeth instead of Mary (in 1:46) is so meager that it can be dismissed.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.2.1-9.2.10|AUTODETECT|”
3. It has been said that Mary s song is saturated with Hannah s Prayer 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.2.1-9.2.10|AUTODETECT|”
I Sam. 2:1 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.2.26|AUTODETECT|”
). And it is true that there is a degree of resemblance between these two expressions of praise. This is not strange. Both authors were devout Jewish women. Hannah s son was born in answer to prayer; Mary s firstborn was conceived in realization of Gabriel s (hence God s) promise. Something wonderful was going to be written about the child Samuel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.2.26|AUTODETECT|”
I Sam. 2:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.2.52|AUTODETECT|”
). Almost the identical expression was going to be used with reference to the child Jesus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.2.52|AUTODETECT|”
Luke 2:52) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.3.15|AUTODETECT|”
One more fact must be borne in mind. The system of education in Israel was such that from early childhood children were taught the sacred writings 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.3.15|AUTODETECT|”
II Tim. 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
). Parents and teachers were not, as a rule, afflicted with memorization-phobia. See N.T.C. on I and II Timothy and Titus, the special section on Principles and Methods of Education in Israel, pp. 296 300. It is very natural therefore that at a time of special joy Mary would express her exultation in biblical language and that, among other passages, phrases from Hannah s Song would have occurred to her. Resemblances are noted in the following chart:) 1 2 2 8 0 0
Mary s Magnificat Compared with Hannah s Song) Mary s Magnificat) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.0|AUTODETECT|”
Luke 1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0: Hannah s Song) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.2.0|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0; ) 1 15 2 8 0 0 46, 47 1 ) My soul magnifies the Lord, etc. ) 49 2 ) Holy is his name. ) 51 4, 9, 10 ) Who has scattered the proud. ) 52 8 ) He has lifted up the humble. ) 53 5, 7 ) The hungry he has filled with good things, But has sent the rich away empty. ) ) ) Upon close examination it becomes apparent, however, that the resemblances are rather few; also, that the similarity is seldom close. There is no such thing as saturation. There is just enough resemblance to believe that Mary may well have been conscious of Hannah s Song.) If one is looking for precursors of the phraseology used in the Magnificat, he will find several in the Psalms; a few elsewhere. A number of these parallels are close, as examination of the following incomplete chart will show.) Mary s Magnificat Compared with Other Scripture Passages) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.0|AUTODETECT|” Mary s Magnificat 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.0|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) The Psalms, etc. ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 46, 47) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.1|AUTODETECT|” My soul magnifies the Lord, And my spirit rejoices in God my Savior. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.1|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 103:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 1 2 8 0 0

1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.1.11|AUTODETECT|” Because he has looked with favor upon his servant in her humble state. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.1.11|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.25.18|AUTODETECT|” (this is not part of Hannah s Song!); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.25.18|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 25:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 3 2 8 0 0
Holy is his name. With slight variations this phrase is found in many of the Psalms: 22:3; 71:22; 89:18; 99:3; 103:1; etc. ) 50) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.17|AUTODETECT|” And his mercy extends from generation to generation to those who fear him. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.17|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 103:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 1 2 8 0 0
1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.44.3|AUTODETECT|” He has performed mighty deeds with his arm. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.44.3|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 44:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.98.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.98.1|AUTODETECT|” 98:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.1|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.89.10|AUTODETECT|” He has scattered those who are proud. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.89.10|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 89:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.12.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.12.19|AUTODETECT|” Job 12:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 1 2 8 0 0
1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.22.28|AUTODETECT|” He has brought down rulers from their thrones. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.22.28|AUTODETECT|” II Sam. 22:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.22.18|AUTODETECT|” But has lifted up the humble. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.22.18|AUTODETECT|” II Sam. 22:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.5.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.5.11|AUTODETECT|” Job 5:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 1 2 8 0 0
1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.5|AUTODETECT|” The hungry he has filled with good things. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.5|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 103:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.107.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.107.9|AUTODETECT|” 107:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 1 2 8 0 0
1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.98.3|AUTODETECT|” He has helped Israel, his servant. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.98.3|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 98:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.147.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.147.2|AUTODETECT|” 147:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.147.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.147.19|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.25.6|AUTODETECT|” In remembrance of his mercy. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.25.6|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 25:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.98.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.98.3|AUTODETECT|” 98:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.136.0|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.136.0|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 0 (second part of each verse) ) 1 1 2 8 0 0
1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.12.2|AUTODETECT|” Even as he promised our fathers (Mercy) to Abraham and to his seed forever. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.12.2|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 12:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.12.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.12.3|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.17.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.17.7|AUTODETECT|” 17:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.22.15-1.22.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.22.15-1.22.18|AUTODETECT|” 22:15 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.2.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.2.24|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 2:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.22.51|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.22.51|AUTODETECT|” II Sam. 22:51) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.105.6-19.105.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.105.6-19.105.10|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 105:6 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=33.7.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=33.7.20|AUTODETECT|” Micah 7:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 1 6 2 8 0 0 ) ) 4. The Magnificat may be divided into four stanzas or strophes.��78�� The arrangement is logical, and therefore easy to remember.) In the first strophe (verses 46 48) Mary extols God for what he had done for her, a maiden of lowly birth.) In the second (verses 49, 50) her thanksgiving and praise, having reached a climax , begins, as it were, to take in more territory. Her spiritual horizon widens. From concentration on the manner in which God s mercy has affected herself she ascends to the contemplation of that divine lovingkindness as revealed from generation to generation to those who fear him. ) As the third strophe (verses 51 53) indicates, this mercy is all the more strikingly apparent when contrasted with God s severity toward those who do not fear him.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.9|AUTODETECT|” The conclusion (fourth strophe, verses 54, 55) of the Magnificat is indeed magnificent. It expresses a thought often neglected today even in conservative circles, namely, that the manifestation of God s mercy is the fulfilment of the covenant promise God made to the fathers, a promise of supreme value even today to believers and their seed 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.9|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.29|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.29|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 9 2 8 0 0 We shall now discuss the Magnificat strophe by strophe:) The first strophe is as follows:) 46 48. And Mary said,) My soul magnifies the Lord,) And my spirit rejoices in God my Savior;) Because he has looked with favor upon his servant in her humble state.) For indeed, from now on all generations will call me blessed.) Her heart filled to overflowing with thanksgiving for that which God had done for her, Mary says, My soul magnifies the Lord, that is, proclaims the greatness of Jehovah. Mary does this joyfully, enthusiastically, for she adds, And my spirit rejoices in God my Savior. ) It should be clear immediately that in these two parallel lines there can be no difference and certainly no pronounced difference between soul and spirit. For more on this see N.T.C. on Mark, p. 315, footnote 370.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.11.13|AUTODETECT|” In what sense does Mary call God my Savior ? No one, certainly, will wish to deny the fact that, in the Old Testament, words like Savior, save, salvation are not always used in a strictly spiritual sense. A person or a people may be saved or delivered not only from sin but also from sickness, death, an enemy, etc. See, for example, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.11.13|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 11:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=14.20.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=14.20.17|AUTODETECT|” II Chron. 20:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.22.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.22.21|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 22:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.106.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.106.21|AUTODETECT|” 106:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.116.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.116.8|AUTODETECT|” 116:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.63.8|AUTODETECT|” . Sometimes there seems to be a blending of physical and spiritual evil from which God s people are saved or delivered, so that God is their Savior in a double sense 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.63.8|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 63:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.63.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.63.9|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.51.12-19.51.14|AUTODETECT|” ; etc.). There are also passages in which the terms in question refer either exclusively or at least predominantly to deliverance from sin and restoration to divine favor. See especially ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.51.12-19.51.14|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 51:12 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.119.81|AUTODETECT|” ; and examine also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.119.81|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 119:81) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.37.23|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.37.23|AUTODETECT|” Ezek. 37:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.1.18|AUTODETECT|” . And do not the following passages indicate that by divine operation a keen sense of sin and a deep desire to be delivered from it and to be restored to fellowship with God had been implanted in the hearts of God s people? See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.12.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.12.2|AUTODETECT|” 12:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.12.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.12.3|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.9.8|AUTODETECT|” ; chapter 53; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.9.8|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 9:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.9.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.9.9|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.9.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.9.19|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=33.7.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=33.7.19|AUTODETECT|” Mic. 7:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.8.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.8.7|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 8:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.8.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.8.8|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.13.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.13.1|AUTODETECT|” 13:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 What, then, does Mary mean by calling God her Savior? What does the context plus Old Testament background imply as to the probable answer? Is it sufficient to say that she was thinking solely of the fact that God had rescued her from the oblivion which otherwise would probably have been her lot? That something on this order must have been included in her reason for exuberant thanksgiving can be granted. Note the context which shows that she was conscious of her humble state and of the fact that the Lord had delivered her from it so that from now on all generations would call her blessed. But was she thinking of nothing else?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.19|AUTODETECT|” We must bear in mind that we are dealing here with a deeply spiritual and meditative child of God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.19|AUTODETECT|” Luke 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.51|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.51|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.5|AUTODETECT|” John 2:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.21|AUTODETECT|” ); that, as has been shown, the salvation passages of the Old Testament by no means exclude deliverance from sin and enjoyment of fellowship with God; and, last but not least, that in another nativity passage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) God s angel declares, You shall call his name Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins. Do not these facts establish the answer that it was especially in the spiritual sense that Mary calls God my Savior ?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.20|AUTODETECT|” Deeply conscious was Mary of the fact that she was a woman of humble state, the wife 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.20|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) of a village carpenter. In the eyes of many she was probably regarded as unlikely to become the object of God s special favor. Nevertheless, from now on not only Elizabeth (see verse 42) but all generations would call her blessed.) 1 6 2 8 0 0 A generation, in the sense in which the term is used here, means a number of people constituting any one rung of the ladder of descent, a group of contemporaries. Moreover, Mary does not say that all generations are going to consider her a mediatrix, and as such a legitimate object of hyperdulia (veneration of the Virgin Mary as holiest of creatures). What she means is that all generations are going to praise God because of the marvelous manner in which he has honored her.) The second strophe proves this:) 49, 50. Because the Mighty One has done great things for me:) Holy is his name.) And his mercy extends from generation to generation) To those who fear him.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.71.19|AUTODETECT|” In the spirit of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.71.19|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 71:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 Mary reflects on the great things God, here understandably called the Mighty One, had done for her. Had he not lifted her from her humble state and bestowed on her the highest honor conceivable, namely, to be the mother of the Messiah, as far as his human nature was concerned? Had he not performed within her the miracle of parthenogenesis, conception without penetration of a passive female cell by an active male cell? How marvelous God s power!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.17|AUTODETECT|” But not only does Mary s Magnificat extol God s power. His mercy call it steadfast love or even lovingkindness if you prefer also elicits her praise. Using the phraseology of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.17|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 103:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 she exclaims, And his mercy extends from generation to generation to those that fear him. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.89.2|AUTODETECT|” As indicated earlier, here Mary s song ascends from the individual to the general, from what she herself had experienced to what was ever in store for one set of contemporaries after another throughout the course of history, being constantly repeated as the centuries roll along. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.89.2|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 89:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.90.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.90.2|AUTODETECT|” 90:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.34.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.34.17|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 34:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Note, however, the qualifications: to those that fear him, that is, to those who in heart and mind are filled with reverent regard for God; for the genuinely devout, the truly pious people.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.17.20|AUTODETECT|” Not as if the Lord had completely withdrawn his kindness from men in general. Study ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.17.20|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 17:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.39.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.39.5|AUTODETECT|” 39:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.36.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.36.6|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 36:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.145.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.145.9|AUTODETECT|” 145:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.145.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.145.15|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.145.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.145.16|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.42|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.42|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.2|AUTODETECT|” Mark 8:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.35|AUTODETECT|” Luke 6:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.36|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.36|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.14.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.14.16|AUTODETECT|” Acts 14:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.14.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.14.17|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.10|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.10|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=32.4.10|AUTODETECT|” . Can anyone read the precious passage about God s tenderness toward the Ninevites, toward their little ones and even toward their cattle 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=32.4.10|AUTODETECT|” Jonah 4:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=32.4.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=32.4.11|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), without being overcome with emotion?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.7.9|AUTODETECT|” The denial of the manifestation of God s goodness to men in general call it common grace if you wish, or invent a better name for it is an extreme position. Yet, we must be careful not to endorse the opposite extreme. The present passage is only one among many that stress the favor of God bestowed not on everybody but on his people, on them, on them alone. Note: his mercy & to those that fear him. See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.7.9|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 7:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.25.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.25.10|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 25:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.18|AUTODETECT|” 103:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.3|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 55:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.6|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.57.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.57.15|AUTODETECT|” 57:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.1-40.5.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.1-40.5.12|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:1 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.11|AUTODETECT|” John 10:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.15|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.28|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.25|AUTODETECT|” 11:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.26|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 0 . In fact, so very numerous are these limiting passages that it would be useless to try to cite them all. Mary, then, is thinking of the marvelous and never failing kindness which God is constantly causing to be felt and experienced by all needy ones who stand in awe of him and love him.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 What is perhaps somewhat surprising is the fact that between these two statements about God, the first stressing his power, the second his mercy, stands the declaration Holy is his name. At first glance these words may seem to be out of context. One asks, perhaps, But why did Mary insert this reference to God s holiness or sinlessness? What has that to do with the matter with reference to which she is lifting up her voice in sincere, eloquent, and enthusiastic praise? ) Some are of the opinion that in this connection Mary was thinking about her conception; and that, in view of the fact that so often among men sin is connected with bringing about conception, she is saying that in her case conception had been brought about by God s holy power, utterly separated from the sin and sinfulness of man. ��79��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.6.1-23.6.5|AUTODETECT|” But is not this interpretation of God s holiness too narrow? It should be borne in mind that Mary was a Jewess, instructed from childhood in the Jewish religion. Accordingly, her words and phrases must be understood in the light of the Old Testament. When this is done it soon becomes evident that her exclamation Holy is his name that is, Holy is God as he has revealed himself is definitely in place. To the Jew the adjective qdMsh basically meant separate, set apart, exalted. To ascribe holiness to God meant to describe him as being lifted infinitely high above all creatures, hence also above all creaturely weaknesses including sin.��80�� Holiness, when ascribed to God, was not considered to be an attribute to be co-ordinated with the other attributes (H.

Bavinck). Perhaps the best way in which to gain a true idea of the basic meaning of the word holy as ascribed to God in the Old Testament would be to read and reread ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.6.1-23.6.5|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 6:1 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.148.0|AUTODETECT|” . Another helpful approach would be to sing that touching refrain, based on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.148.0|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 148) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 :) 1 7 2 8 0 0 Let them praises give Jehovah,) For his name alone is high,) And his glory is exalted,) And his glory is exalted,) And his glory is exalted,) Far above the earth and sky.) Trinity Hymnal, Philadelphia, 1961, No. 105.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.57.15|AUTODETECT|” Read also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.57.15|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 57:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 9 2 8 0 0 Applying all this to the Magnificat, we must conclude that Mary was so deeply impressed with the great things God had done for her, and to which she had just now referred (in the immediately preceding line of verse 49) that she cried out, Holy [that is, infinitely exalted] is his name. And was it not also very natural that, reflecting on her own experience, she would apply this holiness or incomparable greatness of God not only to his power (the great things he did for me) but now also to his mercy? Hence, Holy is his name, and his mercy, etc. When she reflected on the manner in which she had conceived, would not God s power stand out? When she thought of the honor God had bestowed on her, would not his mercy or tender compassion immediately occur to her? And since both of these qualities were marvelous in the highest degree, was it not after all very logical for Mary to express this fact by thus combining the two?) And now the third strophe:) 51 53.

He has performed mighty deeds with his arm;) He has scattered those who are proud in their inmost thoughts.) He has brought down rulers from (their) thrones.) But has lifted up the humble.) The hungry he has filled with good things,) But has sent the rich away empty.) Mary had said, The Mighty One has done great things for me (verse 49). She now elaborates on that theme and begins to praise God for the general manifestation of his power and mercy.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.1.26|AUTODETECT|”
She says that God has performed mighty deeds with his arm. This is an ascription to God of something that pertains to man, namely, an arm. In other words, she is speaking anthropomorphically about the Highest. Such a figure of speech is rooted in the fact that God created man as his own image 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.1.26|AUTODETECT|”
Gen. 1:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.1.27|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.1.27|AUTODETECT|”
27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=5.4.34|AUTODETECT|”
As was stated earlier, Mary is a Jewess, at home in the Old Testament, familiar with its phraseology. It mentions God s arm and hand 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=5.4.34|AUTODETECT|”
Deut. 4:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.44.3|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.44.3|AUTODETECT|”
Ps. 44:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.89.13|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.89.13|AUTODETECT|”
89:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.34.15|AUTODETECT|”
), his eyes and ears 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.34.15|AUTODETECT|”
Ps. 34:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.8.19|AUTODETECT|”
), finger 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.8.19|AUTODETECT|”
Exod. 8:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.31.18|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.31.18|AUTODETECT|”
31:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=5.9.10|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=5.9.10|AUTODETECT|”
Deut. 9:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.27.8|AUTODETECT|”
); face 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.27.8|AUTODETECT|”
Ps. 27:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.27.9|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.27.9|AUTODETECT|”
9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.143.7|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.143.7|AUTODETECT|”
143:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.15.8|AUTODETECT|”
), and even nose 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.15.8|AUTODETECT|”
Exod. 15:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.65.5|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.65.5|AUTODETECT|”
Isa. 65:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
).) 1 1 2 8 0 0
These expressions must not be taken literally. The arm of God, mentioned here in verse 51, denotes his power. It can be used to deliver, to support, and to uphold. It can also be used to scatter, to bring down, and to drive out. In the present stanza God s arm does both.��81��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.26-46.1.29|AUTODETECT|”
Mary now draws a contrast. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.26-46.1.29|AUTODETECT|”
I Cor. 1:26 29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
. In order to bring out sharply how deeply God s children are indebted to him she places the blessings they receive over against the punishments suffered by the wicked. On the one side she pictures the arrogant, mighty, and rich; on the other, the humble and hungry. In all probability she is thinking of only two categories of people: on the one hand, the rulers proud, autocratic, and wealthy; on the other, God s children lowly and poor.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.26.31|AUTODETECT|”
With reference to the first group she says that God has scattered, that is, dispersed, broken up and chased in all directions 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.26.31|AUTODETECT|”
Matt. 26:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.14.27|AUTODETECT|”
= ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.14.27|AUTODETECT|”
Mark 14:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
), those who were proud in the imagination of their hearts. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.16.7|AUTODETECT|”
According to Scripture the heart is the fulcrum of feeling and faith, the mainspring of drives, emotions, thoughts, words, and deeds. It is the very core of man s being, his inner self. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.16.7|AUTODETECT|”
I Sam. 16:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=20.4.23|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=20.4.23|AUTODETECT|”
Prov. 4:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.12.34|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.12.34|AUTODETECT|”
Matt. 12:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.15.19|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.15.19|AUTODETECT|”
15:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.22.37|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.22.37|AUTODETECT|”
22:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.14.1|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.14.1|AUTODETECT|”
John 14:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.10.10|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.10.10|AUTODETECT|”
Rom. 10:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.5|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.5|AUTODETECT|”
I Tim. 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
. The translation proud in their inmost thoughts is therefore excellent. What Mary is saying is that in the course of history God s mighty power has repeatedly punished these arrogant people. He has dispersed them, dethroned them, deprived them of their riches, and driven them away empty.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=39.3.6|AUTODETECT|”
The possibility must be allowed that when Mary was saying this there occurred to her mind stories of rulers, both domestic and foreign, to whom exactly this had happened. Her Bible can have supplied her with abundant information along this line. She knew too that what had happened centuries ago was taking place today and was going to occur in the future. God s ways do not change 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=39.3.6|AUTODETECT|”
Mal. 3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
).) 1 6 2 8 0 0
She was also deeply conscious of the fact that God was the One who lifted up the humble. Had she not experienced this herself? See verses 47, 48. In the following list, to which many items could easily be added, names of devout children of God who had received this help from above are found in the left column; the passage recording their humility and/or eagerness to serve, in the central column; and the manner in which God had lifted them up in the right one.) Help from Above) Person Reference to) Humility and/or) Eagerness to) Serve How God Lifted Up ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.3.11|AUTODETECT|”
Moses ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.3.11|AUTODETECT|”
Exod. 3:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.3.12|AUTODETECT|”
) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.3.12|AUTODETECT|”
Exod. 3:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=6.5.14|AUTODETECT|”
Joshua ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=6.5.14|AUTODETECT|”
Josh. 5:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=6.1.5|AUTODETECT|”
) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=6.1.5|AUTODETECT|”
Josh. 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=6.4.14|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=6.4.14|AUTODETECT|”
4:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=7.6.15|AUTODETECT|”
Gideon ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=7.6.15|AUTODETECT|”
Judg. 6:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=7.6.14|AUTODETECT|”
) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=7.6.14|AUTODETECT|”
Judg. 6:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=7.6.16|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=7.6.16|AUTODETECT|”
16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=8.2.10|AUTODETECT|”
Ruth ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=8.2.10|AUTODETECT|”
Ruth 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=8.2.11|AUTODETECT|”
) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=8.2.11|AUTODETECT|”
Ruth 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=8.2.12|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=8.2.12|AUTODETECT|”
12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.1.11|AUTODETECT|”
Hannah ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.1.11|AUTODETECT|”
I Sam. 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.1.17|AUTODETECT|”
) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.1.17|AUTODETECT|”
I Sam. 1:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.1.20|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.1.20|AUTODETECT|”
20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.1.27|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.1.27|AUTODETECT|”
27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.1.28|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.1.28|AUTODETECT|”
28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.18.18|AUTODETECT|”
David ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.18.18|AUTODETECT|”
I Sam. 18:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=10.7.14-10.7.17|AUTODETECT|”
) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=10.7.14-10.7.17|AUTODETECT|”
II Sam. 7:14 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.25.24-9.25.31|AUTODETECT|”
Abigail ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.25.24-9.25.31|AUTODETECT|”
I Sam. 25:24 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.25.32-9.25.35|AUTODETECT|”
) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.25.32-9.25.35|AUTODETECT|”
I Sam. 25:32 35) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.6.5|AUTODETECT|”
Isaiah ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.6.5|AUTODETECT|”
Isa. 6:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.6.6|AUTODETECT|”
) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.6.6|AUTODETECT|”
Isa. 6:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.6.7|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.6.7|AUTODETECT|”
7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=24.1.6|AUTODETECT|”
Jeremiah ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=24.1.6|AUTODETECT|”
Jer. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=24.1.7-24.1.10|AUTODETECT|”
) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=24.1.7-24.1.10|AUTODETECT|”
Jer. 1:7 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=24.38.7-24.38.9|AUTODETECT|”
Ebed-melech ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=24.38.7-24.38.9|AUTODETECT|”
Jer. 38:7 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=24.38.10-24.38.13|AUTODETECT|”
) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=24.38.10-24.38.13|AUTODETECT|”
Jer. 38:10 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=24.39.15-24.39.18|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=24.39.15-24.39.18|AUTODETECT|”
39:15 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
) 1 2 2 8 0 0
) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.103.5|AUTODETECT|”
As to the statement, The hungry he has filled with good things 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.103.5|AUTODETECT|”
Ps. 103:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.107.9|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.107.9|AUTODETECT|”
107:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
), note the following:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.21.1-9.21.6|AUTODETECT|”
a. God s care for the physically hungry appears from such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.21.1-9.21.6|AUTODETECT|”
I Sam. 21:1 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.12.1-40.12.8|AUTODETECT|”
7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.12.1-40.12.8|AUTODETECT|”
Matt. 12:1 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=11.17.1-11.17.16|AUTODETECT|”
); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=11.17.1-11.17.16|AUTODETECT|”
I Kings 17:1 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=11.19.5-11.19.8|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=11.19.5-11.19.8|AUTODETECT|”
19:5 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=12.4.42-12.4.44|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=12.4.42-12.4.44|AUTODETECT|”
II Kings 4:42 44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.37.25|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.37.25|AUTODETECT|”
Ps. 37:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.55.1|AUTODETECT|”
b. Both the Old and the New Testament also recognize spiritual hunger 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.55.1|AUTODETECT|”
Isa. 55:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.55.2|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.55.2|AUTODETECT|”
2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=30.8.11|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=30.8.11|AUTODETECT|”
Amos 8:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.5.6|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.5.6|AUTODETECT|”
Matt. 5:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.6.35|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.6.35|AUTODETECT|”
John 6:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.6.48|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.6.48|AUTODETECT|”
48) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.42.1|AUTODETECT|”
). This too God satisfies for those who trust in him. This, as well as spiritual thirst 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.42.1|AUTODETECT|”
Ps. 42:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.55.1|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.55.1|AUTODETECT|”
Isa. 55:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.4.13|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.4.13|AUTODETECT|”
John 4:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.4.14|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.4.14|AUTODETECT|”
14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.7.37|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.7.37|AUTODETECT|”
7:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.10.1-46.10.4|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.10.1-46.10.4|AUTODETECT|”
I Cor. 10:1 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.22.17|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.22.17|AUTODETECT|”
Rev. 22:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
).) 1 6 2 8 0 0
Whether Mary had any concrete examples of humility and hunger in mind when she sang her hymn of praise we do not know. What has been demonstrated, however, is that the Old Testament, her own experience, and what others had told her can have provided her with abundant material upon which to base the contents of verses 51 53.) The fourth or concluding strophe is:) 54, 55. He has helped Israel, his servant,) In remembrance of his mercy ) Even as he promised our fathers ) (Mercy) to Abraham and to his seed forever.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.63.9|AUTODETECT|”
Up to this point Mary has been praising God in song for his deeds. Now, in this closing stanza, she points out, still in song, what these deeds mean in relation to Israel and the promises made to the forefathers. He has helped Israel. This had happened again and again in the past. The Old Testament records numerous instances in which God had taken sides with Israel against its enemies. See the beautiful summary in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.63.9|AUTODETECT|”
Isa. 63:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.16|AUTODETECT|”
. Here Israel is looked upon as God s covenant people. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.16|AUTODETECT|”
Luke 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.68|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.68|AUTODETECT|”
68) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.4.22|AUTODETECT|”
; then also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.4.22|AUTODETECT|”
Exod. 4:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.41.8-23.41.16|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.41.8-23.41.16|AUTODETECT|”
Isa. 41:8 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.44.1|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.44.1|AUTODETECT|”
44:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.44.2|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.44.2|AUTODETECT|”
2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.44.21-23.44.23|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.44.21-23.44.23|AUTODETECT|”
21 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.49.3|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.49.3|AUTODETECT|”
49:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
. The modifier his servant strengthens this conclusion. The word servant here used is the more friendly of the two that could have been used to bring out the servant idea. In certain contexts this word is properly translated child. See the notes on this word on pages 112, 113.) 1 2 2 8 0 0
What Mary probably meant therefore was something along this line: Just as in the past God has so often helped Israel when it was in distress, so also he does now, in connection with the coming of the Messiah. Note also in remembrance of his mercy. This is the kindness toward those in misery that extends from generation to generation to those that fear him (verse 50). It is not a mere kindly feeling or disposition but it is tender love in action, action that really helps & and saves!) This phrase in remembrance of his mercy is another instance of a human way of speaking about God (see above, on verse 51), since actually God never needs to be reminded of anything.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.12.3|AUTODETECT|”
The parenthetical statement Even as he said to [or promised] our fathers takes us back in thought to Abraham. To him God had said, In you all the families of the earth will be blessed. Sometimes in your seed is substituted for in you, and nations for families. The basic meaning remains the same. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.12.3|AUTODETECT|”
Gen. 12:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.18.18|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.18.18|AUTODETECT|”
18:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.22.18|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.22.18|AUTODETECT|”
22:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.26.3|AUTODETECT|”
That this blessing to Abraham remained in force for Isaac is clear from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.26.3|AUTODETECT|”
Gen. 26:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.26.4|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.26.4|AUTODETECT|”
4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.28.14|AUTODETECT|”
, where not only the same message is repeated but it is even distinctly stated, I will establish the oath which I swore to Abraham your father. In the time of Isaac s son Jacob this same covenant promise is still in effect 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.28.14|AUTODETECT|”
Gen. 28:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.2.24|AUTODETECT|”
). It is even called a covenant with Abraham and with Isaac and with Jacob 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.2.24|AUTODETECT|”
Exod. 2:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.17.7|AUTODETECT|”
). I will be your God holds, in fact, for Israel, viewed as God s covenant people 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.17.7|AUTODETECT|”
Gen. 17:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.11.45|AUTODETECT|”
with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.11.45|AUTODETECT|”
Lev. 11:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.26.12|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.26.12|AUTODETECT|”
26:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.26.45|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.26.45|AUTODETECT|”
45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.17|AUTODETECT|”
). The Magnificat clearly shows that Mary views what was happening even now as a realization of the ancient promise to Abraham. The mercy she praised in song had reference to Abraham and to his seed to eternity, that is, forever. The promise was not annulled by the giving of the law 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.17|AUTODETECT|”
Gal. 3:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.9|AUTODETECT|”
) or by the first coming of Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.9|AUTODETECT|”
Gal. 3:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.29|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.29|AUTODETECT|”
29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.38|AUTODETECT|”
That mercy still flows forth from the throne of grace. That covenant promise still holds. Cf. 1:72, 73. It is on the basis of this promise that believing parents have their children baptized 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.38|AUTODETECT|”
Acts 2:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.39|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.39|AUTODETECT|”
39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.9|AUTODETECT|”
). The substance of the promise I will be your God ; hence, salvation full and free is realized in the hearts of all those who by sovereign grace and through God-given faith embrace Christ as their Lord and Savior. See N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.9|AUTODETECT|”
Gal. 3:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.16|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.16|AUTODETECT|”
16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.29|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.29|AUTODETECT|”
29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
.) 1 1 2 8 0 0
Elizabeth had praised Mary s faith (verse 45). And is it not exactly Mary s faith that is expressed so touchingly in the Magnificat: faith in the Mighty and Merciful God, the Holy One, the Helper in the time of need, the God of the covenant, the One whom she calls my Savior ? And is not this profession of faith which runs through these lines from beginning to end a good reason for calling her poem Mary s Song of Faith ?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.1.18-40.1.24|AUTODETECT|”
The song has ended. The visit, described from verse 39 on, was not exactly short. We read: 56. Mary remained with Elizabeth about three months, and then returned to her home. So Mary must have stayed until probably almost until the day of John s birth. See verses 26, 36. Mary then returned to her home, an expression almost the same as the one found in verse 23 with respect to Zechariah s departure from the temple to his home. We already know that to Mary home meant the place of her residence in Nazareth (verse 26). As to what happened there before Jesus was born see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.1.18-40.1.24|AUTODETECT|”
Matt. 1:18 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
.) 1 2 2 8 0 0
It was wise for Mary, in her condition, not to remain any longer with Elizabeth. Had she stayed any longer, Elizabeth s house would have been crowded with neighbors, etc., people who did not always use discretion in their talk (see verses 59, 61). Who knows what they might have said about Mary, or what at least they might have thought about her! Besides, a disagreeable confrontation between Mary and some of Elizabeth s neighbors might not have been pleasant for Elizabeth either & or even for Zechariah. Also, Mary must return to Joseph, who was a sincere child of God, a good man, and deeply in love with Mary. See N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 130, 131.��82��) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.46-42.1.56|AUTODETECT|”
Practical Lessons Derived from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.46-42.1.56|AUTODETECT|”
Luke 1:46 56) 1 3 2 8 0 0
Verses 46, 47) My soul magnifies & my spirit rejoices. Though more than seventeen centuries passed by before The Shorter Catechism was adopted, note the striking resemblance between the answer to its first question and Mary s Song.) Verse 48a) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=20.10.22|AUTODETECT|”
He has looked with favor upon his servant. It is the favor (or blessing) of God that makes rich. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=20.10.22|AUTODETECT|”
Prov. 10:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
.) 1 3 2 8 0 0
Verse 48b) Will call me blessed. Not: will invoke my blessing. ) Verse 49) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.42.0|AUTODETECT|”
Because the Mighty One has done great things for me. True religion is a very personal relationship between God and his child. It was this for David (Ps. 23, 27, 51, 63), for the author of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.42.0|AUTODETECT|”
Ps. 42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.73.0|AUTODETECT|”
, for Asaph 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.73.0|AUTODETECT|”
Ps. 73) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.6.5-23.6.8|AUTODETECT|”
), Isaiah 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.6.5-23.6.8|AUTODETECT|”
Isa. 6:5 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=27.9.18|AUTODETECT|”
), Daniel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=27.9.18|AUTODETECT|”
Dan. 9:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=27.9.19|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=27.9.19|AUTODETECT|”
19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.15.17-42.15.21|AUTODETECT|”
), the prodigal son 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.15.17-42.15.21|AUTODETECT|”
Luke 15:17 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.18.13|AUTODETECT|”
), the penitent publican 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.18.13|AUTODETECT|”
Luke 18:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.9.25|AUTODETECT|”
), the man born blind 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.9.25|AUTODETECT|”
John 9:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.1.15|AUTODETECT|”
), and Paul 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.1.15|AUTODETECT|”
Gal. 1:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.1.16|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.1.16|AUTODETECT|”
16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.2.20|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.2.20|AUTODETECT|”
2:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.6.14|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.6.14|AUTODETECT|”
6:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
).) 1 1 2 8 0 0
Verses 50, 54, 55) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.18.19|AUTODETECT|”
From generation to generation & to Abraham and to his seed forever. Although salvation is a personal matter, it is also a family matter: as a rule God perpetuates his covenant in the line of the generations. This truth is definitely rooted in Scripture 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.18.19|AUTODETECT|”
Gen. 18:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.105.6-19.105.10|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.105.6-19.105.10|AUTODETECT|”
Ps. 105:6 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=20.22.6|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=20.22.6|AUTODETECT|”
Prov. 22:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.38|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.38|AUTODETECT|”
Acts 2:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.39|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.39|AUTODETECT|”
39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.1.5|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.1.5|AUTODETECT|”
II Tim. 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
).) 1 1 2 8 0 0
Verses 51, 52) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.28|AUTODETECT|”
He has performed mighty deeds & has brought down rulers from (their) thrones. History books, newspapers, T.V., radio emphasize secondary causes. The Magnificat points to the Primary Cause, the God whose plan is being realized on earth in the interest of his people and for his own glory. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.28|AUTODETECT|”
Rom. 8:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.1.11|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.1.11|AUTODETECT|”
Eph. 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
.) 1 1 2 8 0 0
Verse 53) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.48.22|AUTODETECT|”
He & has sent the rich away empty. Even before the wicked rich are dispatched they are already empty. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.48.22|AUTODETECT|”
Isa. 48:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.57.21|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.57.21|AUTODETECT|”
57:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
.) 1 3 2 8 0 0
) Notes on Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 1:46 56) Verses 46, 47) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.23.5|AUTODETECT|”
Literally the verb �� means: to make great, to enlarge 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.23.5|AUTODETECT|”
Matt. 23:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.46|AUTODETECT|”
). Here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.46|AUTODETECT|”
Luke 1:46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.10.46|AUTODETECT|”
7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.10.46|AUTODETECT|”
Acts 10:46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.5.13|AUTODETECT|”
) the sense is: to magnify, glorify, praise, extol; in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.5.13|AUTODETECT|”
Acts 5:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.58|AUTODETECT|”
, to hold in high esteem, regard highly. And cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.58|AUTODETECT|”
Luke 1:58) 1 1 -1 9 0 0: God had magnified his mercy, that is, had been very kind. ) 1 3 2 8 0 0 In view of the fact that verse 47 closely parallels verse 46, Robertson is probably correct in calling �� a timeless aorist, and in translating it as a present. See his book A Translation of Luke s Gospel, pp. 17 and 145. For the meaning of �� see the note on 1:14, page 80.) In the present case it would be wrong to posit any clear distinction between �� and ��. See N.T.C. on Mark, pp. 315, 316, footnote 370.) Verse 48) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.2.3|AUTODETECT|” �� = (basically) to look at, into, or upon; here: to look upon with sympathy and favor (cf. 9:38); in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.2.3|AUTODETECT|” James 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0; to have regard for, pay special attention to. For words that have to do with vision see N.T.C. on Mark, p. 116, footnote 105; p. 322, footnote 378; p. 323, footnote 379; also N.T.C. on John, Vol. I, p. 85, footnote 33.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.10|AUTODETECT|” �� cf. tapis; Dutch tapijt = carpet low or humble state; in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.10|AUTODETECT|” James 1:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.21|AUTODETECT|” , being made low, humiliation. The body of our humiliation = our lowly body 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.21|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 11 2 8 0 0 Verse 51) ��, arm; cf. bracelet.) Q�� = Q��, above, and ��, to show oneself, make an appearance, make oneself appear; hence, a person who regards himself to be above or superior to others, a proud or arrogant person.) Verses 51 53) With respect to the nature of the six aorists in verses 51 53 there are, in the main, three opinions. They are (a) historical or narrative (R. C. H. Lenski, op. cit., p. 58); (b) gnomic or timeless (A. T.

Robertson, Gram. N.T., pp. 836, 837); (c) prophetic, describing what is going to happen in the Messianic Age as if it had already happened (A. Plummer, op. cit., pp. 32, 33).) I can find no reason to accept (c). In the Magnificat Mary describes what the Lord, the Mighty One, etc., has done for her and also what he has done for others. When she wishes to call attention to what is still going to happen she uses the future tense (verse 48b).) Basically I agree with Lenski (historical or narrative aorist). Mary is clearly thinking of the marvelous manner in which God has been merciful to her (verses 48a, 49).

In verse 50 she expands on this and shows that this mercy is still operating: it extends from generation to generation, etc. From verse 51 on she then proves her point by showing what the Lord, the unchangeable God, has done in times past to various groups of people.) But though basically these aorists are therefore historical, it is also a fact that they indicate actions that recur again and again. The very nature of God proves this. It is for that reason that I would call these aorists historical-gnomic. Lenski is right and so is Robertson.) Verse 52) ��, ruler, potentate, monarch. Cf. dynasty.) Verse 54) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.54|AUTODETECT|” ��, third per. s. 2nd aor. indicat. of ��. See my thesis, The Meaning of the Preposition �� in the New Testament, pp. 83 86. Some insist that in this compound �� means facing. Think of two men carrying a log, one at each end. They face and thus help each other. Others, in connection with this compound, make no mention of the idea of oppositeness, but in this case regard the basic meaning of �� to be that of substitution. The resultant sense of the entire compound would then be: to take hold of in turn. Interpreted either way, the verb s meaning is to help, to render assistance; hence here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.54|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:54) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.35|AUTODETECT|” , He has helped Israel ; in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.35|AUTODETECT|” Acts 20:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.2|AUTODETECT|” , We must help the weak. See also N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.2|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.26|AUTODETECT|” . Very interesting is the double compound �� used in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.26|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , The Holy Spirit joins in to help us, thus correctly rendered in the Berkeley Version, and also in the Dutch Statenvertaling: & komt onze zwakheden mede to hulp. ) 1 4 2 8 0 0 ��, gen. s. of ��. In Greek literature this word has various meanings; such as: child, boy, youth, servant, servant boy, etc. As this word is used in Luke s Gospel I suggest the following renderings, admitting that in some cases a different translation would do as well:) 1:54 He has helped Israel, his servant. ) 1:69 in the house of David, his servant. ) 2:43 the boy Jesus remained behind in Jerusalem. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.8|AUTODETECT|” 7:7 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.8|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) Speak the word and my boy will be cured. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.40|AUTODETECT|” 8:51 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.40|AUTODETECT|” Mark 5:40) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) the child s father and mother. ) 1 2 2 8 0 0 8:54 my child, get up. ) 9:42 Even while the boy was coming to him, the demon dashed him, etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.49|AUTODETECT|” 12:45b 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.49|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:49) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) and shall begin to beat up the men and women servants. ) 1 17 2 8 0 0 15:26 having called one of the servant boys to him. ) ��, aor. (reflexive) infinitive of ��, to remind oneself of, to remember; here in remembrance of his mercy. ) Verse 55) �� should not (with A.V.) be construed with ��, as if God spoke to Abraham forever. Besides, note change in grammatical construction: the acc. after �� is replaced by the simple dative.) ) 1:57 66 The Birth, Circumcision, and Naming of John the Baptist) 57 Now the time was fulfilled for Elizabeth to give birth, and she bore a son. 58 When her neighbors and relatives heard how kind the Lord had been to her,��83�� they were rejoicing with her.) 59 On the eighth day they came to circumcise the child, and they were going to call him��84�� Zechariah, after the name of his father. 60 But the child s mother objected and said, Definitely not; he must be called John! 61 They said to her, None of your relatives has that name. 62 So they began to make signs to his father (to discover) what he would wish the child to be called. 63 Having asked for a writing tablet, he wrote, John is his name. And everybody was greatly surprised. 64 At once his mouth was opened, his tongue loosed, and he began to speak, praising God.) 65 All those living around them were awestruck, and throughout the hill country of Judea people kept talking about all these things.��85�� 66 And all who heard them laid them up in their hearts. They said, What then will this child turn out to be? For the hand of the Lord was with him.) ) The story now returns to Zechariah and Elizabeth.) 57. Now the time was fulfilled for Elizabeth to give birth, and she bore a son.

The usual period after conception having ended, Elizabeth gave birth to a child. It was a boy, as had been predicted by the angel Gabriel (verses 13, 19). 58. When her neighbors and relatives heard how kind the Lord had been to her, they were rejoicing with her. In order to show their interest these neighbors and relatives came to visit Elizabeth.) Why are neighbors mentioned before relatives? Because the former were living closest, while the latter were spread in many directions, some living much farther away? Thus some interpret the order of the words in this sentence.

But it is probably wrong to attach special significance to the sequence in which these two items neighbors and relatives are mentioned.) The visitors had heard how kind [or merciful] the Lord had been to Elizabeth. Literally, they had heard that the Lord had magnified his mercy toward her. ) This kind of language clearly shows that Luke is making use of Semitic that is, Hebrew and/or Aramaic sources. In the nativity account that is the rule, not the exception.��86��) Note also the emphasis, here as well as elsewhere (verses 50, 54, 55, 72, 78) on God s mercy or lovingkindness in action.) The theory that the rejoicing of these visitors was not in connection with the birth of the child (see verse 14) but only in connection with Elizabeth, because she had been relieved of her barrenness, is hard to accept. The clear meaning would seem to be: (a) Elizabeth rejoiced because, in fulfilment of Gabriel s prediction, this son had been born; and (b) the neighbors and relatives were rejoicing with her; that is, they joined in her joy. All were thankful and happy because of the birth of this child.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.17.12|AUTODETECT|” 59. On the eighth day they came to circumcise the child & Probably a person specifically appointed for this purpose performed the rite, other visitors functioning as witnesses. In accordance with the law 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.17.12|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 17:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.12.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.12.3|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 12:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.21.1-1.21.3|AUTODETECT|” ) circumcision took place on the eighth day.��87�� Continued: and they were going to call him Zechariah, after the name of his father. In the old dispensation the naming of the child occurred in connection with its birth 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.21.1-1.21.3|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 21:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.25.24-1.25.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.25.24-1.25.26|AUTODETECT|” 25:24 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.21|AUTODETECT|” ; etc.). The present passage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.21|AUTODETECT|” Luke 2:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) appears to be the earliest witness for the practice of connecting the naming of a child with circumcision.��88��) 1 4 2 8 0 0 None of our sources show that it was a custom in Bible times to name a boy after his father. After a relative, probably, as may well be implied in verse 61, but not necessarily after the father. And certainly not even always after a relative. See on verse 61.) Nevertheless it is not difficult to suggest possible reasons why these visitors tried to persuade the parents to call the child after his father. Not only did the name have a beautiful meaning (see on verse 5), applicable also to the present situation, but the mysterious events that had occurred (the vision in the temple, etc.) may have fostered the desire that the boy be named after his now famous father.) 60. But the child s mother objected and said, Definitely not; he must be called John!

Not for a moment did Elizabeth hesitate. She knew that through his angel God himself had ordered this child to be named John (verse 13). How did she know this? After all, Gabriel had not spoken to her but to her husband. And during the entire long period, between the appearance of the angel and the naming of the child, Zechariah had been deprived of the power of speech. Solution: Elizabeth s husband must have made good use of his writing tablet!) Not satisfied, the neighbors and relatives tried again: 61.

They said to her, None of your relatives has that name. This attempt also failed. No wonder, for what may have been a custom was by no means a hard and fast rule. See N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 138, 139, footnote 146, showing how children s names were selected. Besides, Elizabeth knew what God had stipulated. 62. So they began to make signs to his father (to discover) what he would wish the child to be called.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.22|AUTODETECT|” They began to make signs to him. But why? The man was not deaf & or was he? Before answering this question it should be pointed out that in Greek literature the word kMphos used at the end of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.22|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.22|AUTODETECT|” and rendered speechless in A.V., dumb in R.S.V. and N.E.B., can have any one of three meanings, depending on the context in each specific case. The three are: deaf, dumb, deaf and dumb. The question is, What does this word mean in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.22|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ? Opinions differ:) 1 1 2 8 0 0 a. The very circumstance that in the present case these people were making signs nodding, pointing with their hands, making motions with hands and eyes proves that Zechariah was deaf as well as dumb. This made inquiry by means of signs necessary.��89��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.25|AUTODETECT|” Comment. Nowhere else in the New Testament does this one word kMphos have the double meaning deaf and dumb. In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.25|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.20|AUTODETECT|” , where both meanings are combined, two words are used in the original to convey this thought. That passage reads, You dumb and deaf spirit (thus literally). Besides, in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.20|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.22|AUTODETECT|” 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 the sentence pronounced on Zechariah is elucidated as follows: You will remain silent and not able to speak until.& And when he did come out he was unable to speak to them, etc. These passages refer only to the priest s inability to speak. They do not make mention of any inability to hear. To this may be added verse 64, relating to Zechariah s cure, where again the reference is only to restoration of the power of speech, not hearing. Explanation (a) must be rejected.) 1 10 2 8 0 0 b. In the popular mind there was a close connection between dumbness and deafness. It was for this reason that these people made signs to the father of the child.��90��) Comment. This explanation may well be the right one. It is at any rate better than answer (a).) The possibility must also be granted that due to the excitement of the moment some people simply forgot that the priest was unable to speak but not unable to hear. We cannot be sure.) If, as has been pointed out (see verse 60), Elizabeth s answer was unequivocal, Zechariah s was, if possible, even more definite: 63.

Having asked for a writing tablet, he wrote, John is his name. The writing tablet was probably a little board covered with wax. With a stylus the words could be impressed upon it. By writing John is his name, Zechariah is saying, The child already has a name! That name is John. It was God who had named the child (verse 13).) The question may well be asked, however, Why this name John in preference to some other name?

The basic reason for naming the child is, of course, Because God so commanded. Is it possible to go beyond this and to point out the appropriateness of this name for this particular child?) Here we must exercise caution. The meaning of the name is Jehovah is [or: has been] gracious. In connection with this meaning there are in the main two possibilities: (a) God ordered this name to be given to the child because he knew that the disposition or attitude of the parents was going to be: The Lord has revealed his marvelous grace to us by giving us this child. ) Is it not true that names often described the giver rather than the recipient? See N.T.C. on Matthew, p. 136. On the other hand, it is also true that in such cases in which the name describes the faith or feeling of the parents (often of the mother) that name is usually given by the mother herself or by the parents themselves; there was no divine command with respect to it.) It is accordingly reasonable to assume that in the present case, God himself having supplied the name, there is a close relation between the name and its recipient or bearer.

See N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 138, 139.) The objection may be raised, however, But in that case how very inappropriate was this particular name. Is it not true that John the Baptist became a preacher of impending doom and judgment? Was not his preaching interspersed with the vocabulary of divine retribution; that is, with such words as offspring of vipers, approaching wrath, the axe laid at the root of the trees, unquenchable fire ? ) To answer, with some, that Luke was not thinking about the etymology of the name John when he wrote the section about the naming of the child, is an attempt to rid oneself of the difficulty in too easy a manner. The basic question is not, What was Luke thinking about? but Why did God insist that this child be named John? ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Besides, in the case of Mary s child too it was God who supplied the name, and that name was indeed descriptive of its bearer: She will give birth to a son, and you shall call his name Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Must we assume then that in the case of Jesus forerunner the name had no significance whatever? This would seem hardly possible.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.94.12|AUTODETECT|” In all probability the real and comforting solution lies in a different direction. (b) The name John that is, Jehovah is gracious was indeed suited to its purpose, for according to all of Scripture the warning of approaching judgment and doom unless true conversion takes place is a divinely selected means of urging men to turn away from the darkness of sin, to serve the Lord, and thus to enter into his kingdom of light. Among many passages that could be listed to prove this point are the following: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.94.12|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 94:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.119.67|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.119.67|AUTODETECT|” 119:67) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.119.71|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.119.71|AUTODETECT|” 71) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.13.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.13.24|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 13:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.26.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.26.9|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 26:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=30.4.9|AUTODETECT|” b; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=30.4.9|AUTODETECT|” Amos 4:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=37.2.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=37.2.17|AUTODETECT|” Hag. 2:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.5.3-46.5.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.5.3-46.5.5|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 5:3 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.9|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 7:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.5|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 12:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.21|AUTODETECT|” f.; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.21|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 2:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.19|AUTODETECT|” 3:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 5 2 8 0 0 Thus viewed, the name John was apt indeed, for through him and his stern message many of the sons of Israel would be turned to the Lord their God (see on verse 16), and would experience that Jehovah, indeed, is gracious. ) And everybody was greatly surprised. Not because of the hearty agreement between Elizabeth and Zechariah but because of the total lack of doubt or hesitancy on the part of both.) 64. At once his mouth was opened, his tongue loosed, and he began to speak, praising God. In accordance with Gabriel s promise (see 1:13, 20) Zechariah now immediately regains his power of speech. In typically Semitic style we are told that Zechariah s mouth was opened, his tongue loosed see the note on this verse on page 120 and that he started to speak, blessing, that is praising God.) Zechariah s song of praise is recorded in the following section (verses 67 80), though whether verse 64 already refers to this song cannot be established. There may have been a few praise exclamations that preceded the song.

The main point is: his voice recovered, the first thing Zechariah did with this rewon blessing was to praise God!) Easy to visualize is the rustic scene pictured in verse 65. All those living around them were awestruck, and throughout the hill country of Judea people kept talking about all these things. The Hebrew or Aramaic manner of writing continues. Literally we read, And fear came on all them that dwelt round about them (thus A.V.). The remarkable happenings filled the minds of the people with the conviction that God was present in their midst and was carrying out his plan on earth. They, as it were, trembled with holy awe because of his presence and deeds.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.5-42.1.25|AUTODETECT|” The events recorded in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.5-42.1.25|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:5 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.39-42.1.64|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.39-42.1.64|AUTODETECT|” 39 64) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 remained for a long time one of the chief topics of conversation among the people living in the hill country of Judea. Many, indeed, were the strange and wonderful incidents that had taken place: Zechariah s vision in the temple, his inability to address the people who were awaiting his return from the altar of incense, Mary s visit, the birth of a child to parents well advanced in years, the fact that a boy had been predicted and a boy had been born, the unambiguous manner in which, contrary to the persistent urging of neighbors and relatives, both parents had insisted on naming the boy John, the sudden opening of the aged priest s lips as an immediate reward of his obedience, and the sincere and enthusiastic manner in which he then praised God. All these matters continued for a long time to be tossed back and forth in country-style conversation.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.21.12|AUTODETECT|” That these things were taken very seriously appears from verse 66. And all who heard them laid them up in their hearts. The people were evidently deeply impressed with these events and took their meaning to heart. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.21.12|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 21:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.28|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 7:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.19|AUTODETECT|” Luke 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.51|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.51|AUTODETECT|” 51) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . They pondered their significance, wondering particularly what these incidents might indicate with respect to the character and future role of this child: They said, What then will this child turn out to be? Their hopes ran high.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.11.21|AUTODETECT|” Reflecting on all this in later years Luke, the evangelist and historian, writing under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, adds, For the hand of the Lord was with him. This is a typically Lucan expression. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.11.21|AUTODETECT|” Acts 11:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.11|AUTODETECT|” 13:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.41.20|AUTODETECT|” . See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.41.20|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 41:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , and above on verses 51 53.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 What Luke is saying amounts to this: in entertaining such high expectations with respect to this child the people did not err. As later events proved, they were right, as is clear from the fact that as John grew up he was the object of God s tender care and guidance. See verse 80.��91��) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.57-42.1.66|AUTODETECT|” Practical Lessons Derived from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.57-42.1.66|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:57 66) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Verses 57, 58) Elizabeth & bore a son & her neighbors and relatives & were rejoicing with her. Rejoicing with the joyful is a Christian s joy.) Verses 59 63) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.4.35|AUTODETECT|” They were going to call him Zechariah.& John is his name. See also verse 13. God s plan cannot be frustrated. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.4.35|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 4:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.11|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Verses 60 63) The child s mother objected.& His father & wrote, John is his name. Happy the home in which father and mother agree & to do God s will!) Verse 64) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=25.3.33|AUTODETECT|” At once his mouth was opened, his tongue loosed. It seems as if God could hardly wait to remove punishment and to reward obedience. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=25.3.33|AUTODETECT|” Lam. 3:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.18.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.18.23|AUTODETECT|” Ezek. 18:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.18.32|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.18.32|AUTODETECT|” 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.33.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.33.11|AUTODETECT|” 33:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=28.11.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=28.11.8|AUTODETECT|” Hos. 11:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 10 2 8 0 0 He began to speak, praising God. The first use Zechariah made of his recovered speech was to praise God with it. By God s grace this man seems to have understood the purpose for which he had been chastened. God s message to all his children is:) Dutch Original Free Translation ) Drukt u mijn kruis, Pressed by my cross, ) Treft u mijn roe, The rod I sent, ) Vraag nooit Waarom Don t seek the cause ) Maar wel Waartoe. But the intent. ) ) Verse 65) Throughout the hill country of Judea people kept talking about these things. Group discussion about God s deeds is far better than flippant gossip about men s defects.) Verse 66) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.66|AUTODETECT|” For the hand of the Lord was with him indeed. Suggestion for a series of sermons on the theme The Hand of the Lord: in addition to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.66|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:66) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.104.28|AUTODETECT|” b the texts could be ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.104.28|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 104:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.145.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.145.16|AUTODETECT|” 145:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.49.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.49.2|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 49:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.50.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.50.2|AUTODETECT|” 50:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.62.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.62.3|AUTODETECT|” 62:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.28|AUTODETECT|” John 10:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.73.23-19.73.25|AUTODETECT|” . See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.73.23-19.73.25|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 73:23 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 16 2 8 0 0 ) Notes on Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 1:57 66) Verse 58) ��. See on 1:46.) Verse 59) Note �x �� & �P��, and �P�� again in verse 62: the child & it & it. In such cases English translators generally prefer the rendering: the child & him & him.) ��, third per. pl. imperf. act. indicat. of ��. The imperfect can be considered conative: they tried to, were going to, etc.) Verse 60) ��, nom. s. fem. aor. passive participle of ��. This verb is often used even though no question has been asked. In such cases it indicates a reaction to a suggestion or situation.

See also N.T.C. on Matthew, p. 84, footnote 89; and on Mark, p. 421, footnote 515.) �P��, an intensified negative.) Although the adversative particle �� can be rendered but, on the contrary, rather, a literal translation by means of an English equivalent is not always necessary. The rendering, Definitely not; he must be called John, already implies strong negation.) Verse 62) ��, third per. pl. imperf. (here inchoative) of ��*, to make signs. For the compound form see the note on 1:22, page 81. Note that �� is preceded by ��; hence treated as if it were a noun. The optative (third per. s. pres.) preceded by � is proper in what may be considered the apodosis of a future less vivid conditional sentence. In the indirect question, as here, the optative with � of the direct question is retained.

The New Testament contains no example of a complete future less vivid conditional sentence. See Gram. N.T., p. 1020. Cf. Gram. N.T. (Bl.-Debr.), par. 386 on p. 195.) Verse 63) It is probably best to leave �� untranslated here, in order to avoid the interpretation erroneous but nevertheless adopted by some that the two actions, writing and speaking, occurred simultaneously.

Verse 64 implies that Zechariah s mouth was opened immediately after he had written the words. In such cases �� is about the equivalent of our quotation marks, comma, colon, or namely. ) Verse 64) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ��, third per. s. aor. indicat. pass. of ��, to open. Literally the first clause of this verse reads: And opened was his mouth on the spot [or immediately, at once] and his tongue. But Luke has as much right as we have to make use of the figure of speech called zeugma, in which two nouns are construed with one verb, though only one of these nouns, generally the first, suits that verb. Another illustration would be Milk I caused you to drink, not solid food 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.2|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Rightly considered is not zeugma really a branch of abbreviated expression? For this see N.T.C. on John, Vol. I, p. 206. In the present case we have a perfect right to adopt the rendering, At once his mouth was opened, his tongue loosed. With respect to both the mouth and the tongue (really acting as one) the obstruction or impediment, of whatever nature, was removed. See L. Berkhof, Principles of Biblical Interpretation, Grand Rapids, 1950, p. 90.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.3|AUTODETECT|” �P��, nom. s. masc. pres. active participle of �P��, to bless, etc. This verb is frequent in Luke s Gospel, though found also in Matthew, Mark, and once in John; further, in Acts, Hebrews, and once each in James and I Peter; in the Pauline epistles only in Romans, I Corinthians, and once each in Galatians and Ephesians. Verbal adjective (�P��), participial form of the verb (�P��) and noun in dative (�P��) occur together in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . See N.T.C. on that passage.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The principal meanings of �P�� are four:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.64|AUTODETECT|” a. to speak well of (note etymology: �V and ��; cf. ��); hence, to praise, extol, as here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.64|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:64) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Cf. eulogy, eulogize.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.26|AUTODETECT|” b. to impart benefits to 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.26|AUTODETECT|” Acts 3:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 c. to give thanks (as, for food). See N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 595, 596.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.50|AUTODETECT|” d. to invoke God s blessing upon 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.50|AUTODETECT|” Luke 24:50) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 35 2 8 0 0 Verse 65) ��, from ��*, note �� and imperfect tense: they kept talking with one another, kept discussing back and forth. Cf. 6:11.) ��, pl. of ��. The word �� (cf. rhetoric) can mean thing as well as word. Cf. Hebrew dkbhr.) Verse 66) ��, third per. pl. sec. aor. middle indicat. of ��, to set, put, lay.) ) 1:67 80 Zechariah s Prophecy) 67 Zechariah, his father, was filled with the Holy Spirit and prophesied, saying:) 68 Blessed (be) the Lord, the God of Israel,) Because he has looked after his people and brought about redemption for them,) 69 And has raised up a horn of salvation for us) In the house of David, his servant,) 70 As he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets of old,) 71 Salvation from our enemies and from the hand of all who hate us;) 72 To deal mercifully with our fathers,) And to remember his holy covenant,) 73 The oath he swore to Abraham, our father:) 74 To grant us that we, having been delivered out of the hand of our enemies,) 75 Should serve him without fear in holiness and righteousness) In his presence all our days.) 76 And you, (my) child, will be called a prophet of the Most High,) For you will go before the face of the Lord to make ready his ways,) 77 To impart to his people knowledge of salvation) Through the forgiveness of their sins) 78 Because of the merciful heart of our God,) With which the Rising Sun will visit us from on high,) 79 To shine on those who sit in darkness and death s shadow,) To guide our feet into the path of peace. ) 80 And the child continued to grow and to become strong in spirit; and he was in the desert regions until the day of his public appearance to Israel.) ) Zechariah s Song is a prophecy which was spoken under the illuminating guidance of the Holy Spirit. Note the words of introduction: 67.

Zechariah, his father, was filled with the Holy Spirit, and prophesied, saying. We must, accordingly, accept these two facts:) 1. Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit. So, it will be recalled, was Elizabeth (verse 41). When Mary arrived, Elizabeth was so definitely guided, influenced, and illumined by the Holy Spirit that, in connection with the leaping of the babe within her womb, she suddenly knew (a) who Mary really was, namely, not just her relative but the most blessed of all women, the mother of her Lord, and (b) who the babe within Mary s womb was, namely, Elizabeth s Lord (1:41 43).) So now also this same illumination made it possible for Zechariah to see and to say things which otherwise he would not have been able to see and to say.) 2. Zechariah s Song deserves the title Zechariah s Prophecy; note: and prophesied.

In which sense is this song a prophecy? Clearly in a double sense: (a) It is a proclamation of the truth, a message from God to the people. Taken in this sense, to prophesy means to tell forth, to forthtell. So interpreted its contents may touch upon the past, the present, and/or the future. Whenever a servant of God faithfully proclaims God s message, whether that be a word of condemnation, reproof, command, admonition, consolation, prediction, or any combination of these, he prophesies. See also on verse 76. (b) It is also a prediction.

Thus interpreted, to prophesy means to foretell. Though the element of prediction is already implied in the first part of this song (verses 68 75, note especially verses 74, 75), in the second part (verses 76 79) it predominates: And you, (my) child, will be called & For you will go before, and probably even the Rising Sun will visit us. ) Another name given to Zechariah s Prophecy is The Benedictus, in accordance with the first word of this hymn in the Latin version: Benedictus esto Dominus Deus Israelis, meaning, Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|” The most simple way to divide Zechariah s Prophecy is into two parts, each consisting of one sentence (verses 68 75 and 76 79). In the first part Zechariah praises God for having provided salvation for his people, in fulfilment of prophecy and of his holy covenant, the oath he swore to Abraham. In the second part he, in harmony with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 40:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , summarizes his child s mission as way-preparer for the Messiah, whom he describes as the Rising Sun, and with reference to whom he states that he will shine on those who sit in darkness, etc.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 The language of The Benedictus is again that of the Old Testament. Parallels or at least resemblances are noted on the following chart:) The Benedictus Compared with Old Testament Passages) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.0|AUTODETECT|” Zechariah s Benedictus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.0|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) The Old Testament ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 68a) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.41.13|AUTODETECT|” Blessed (be) the Lord, the God of Israel. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.41.13|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 41:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.72.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.72.18|AUTODETECT|” 72:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.106.48|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.106.48|AUTODETECT|” 106:48) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 = the conclusion of Books I, II, and IV of the Hebrew Psalter. ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 68b) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.4.31|AUTODETECT|” Because he has & brought about redemption for his people. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.4.31|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 4:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.111.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.111.9|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 111:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 69) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.18.2|AUTODETECT|” And has raised up a horn, etc. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.18.2|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 18:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.132.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.132.17|AUTODETECT|” 132:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 70) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=15.1.1|AUTODETECT|” As he spoke by the mouth of, etc. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=15.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Ezra 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.8.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.8.9|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 8:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 71) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.106.10|AUTODETECT|” Salvation from our enemies, etc. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.106.10|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 106:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 72a) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.25.6|AUTODETECT|” To deal mercifully with our fathers ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.25.6|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 25:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.98.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.98.3|AUTODETECT|” 98:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.136.0|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.136.0|AUTODETECT|” 136) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 (second part of each verse) ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 72b, 73) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.12.2|AUTODETECT|” And to remember his holy covenant, The oath he swore to Abraham, etc. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.12.2|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 12:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.12.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.12.3|AUTODETECT|” 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.17.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.17.7|AUTODETECT|” 17:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.22.15-1.22.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.22.15-1.22.18|AUTODETECT|” 22:15 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.2.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.2.24|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 2:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.22.51|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.22.51|AUTODETECT|” II Sam. 22:51) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.105.6-19.105.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.105.6-19.105.10|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 105:6 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=33.7.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=33.7.20|AUTODETECT|” Mic. 7:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 2 2 8 0 0 74, 75) To grant us that we & ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.19.6|AUTODETECT|” Should serve him, etc. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.19.6|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 19:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.30.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.30.9|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 30:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.30.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.30.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 2 2 8 0 0 76) and you & will go before, etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.17|AUTODETECT|” See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|” . ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 40:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 2 2 8 0 0 77) In order to impart to his people the knowledge of salvation) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.11|AUTODETECT|” Through the forgiveness of their sins. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.11|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 103:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.1.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.43.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.43.25|AUTODETECT|” 43:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.5|AUTODETECT|” 53:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.31.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.31.34|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 31:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=33.7.19|AUTODETECT|” b; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=33.7.19|AUTODETECT|” Mic. 7:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 3 2 8 0 0 78, 79) Because of the tender compassion of our God,) Whereby the Rising Sun will visit us & ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.107.10|AUTODETECT|” To shine on those who sit in darkness, etc. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.107.10|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 107:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.1|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 9:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.42.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.42.7|AUTODETECT|” 42:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.60.1-23.60.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.60.1-23.60.3|AUTODETECT|” 60:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.2|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 4:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 6 2 8 0 0 ) ) First Part) Verses 68 75) 68. Blessed (be) the Lord, the God of Israel,) Because he has looked after his people and brought about redemption for them & ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.36|AUTODETECT|” Zechariah begins with a doxology. He praises Jehovah, Israel s covenant God, for his concern about, and saving intervention in, the affairs of his people. He says that God has looked after them. Here he uses the same verb that occurs in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.36|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , I was sick, and you looked after me. See also the note on this verse on page 131.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 He adds, and brought about redemption for his people. Is this redemption political? Is it, for example, deliverance from bondage to a foreign oppressor? The decision will have to be made in the light of the context. Verse 71, taken by itself, affords little help, for the question remains, Are these enemies and haters political or spiritual? Verse 77, however, states, to give his people the knowledge of salvation through the forgiveness of their sins.

See also verses 74, 75: that we & should serve him without fear in holiness and righteousness, and verse 79, to guide our feet into the path of peace. In such a context the redemption to which verse 68 refers would seem to be of a spiritual nature; at least to be basically and predominantly spiritual; probably redemption from Satan, sin, and all the consequences.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.38|AUTODETECT|” Another approach to the answer would be to ask, What does the same word redemption (Greek lutrMsis) mean in the only other New Testament passages in which it occurs? In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.38|AUTODETECT|” Luke 2:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 we read, Now coming up at that very hour, Anna was & speaking to all those who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem. Must we believe that the emphasis of this aged and devout child of God and of those whom she addressed was on deliverance from the Roman yoke? Or from Herod s cruelties perhaps? Was it not rather on restoration to favor with God? And when the inspired author of the book of Hebrews states that Jesus entered once for all into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption (9:12), did he not add through his own blood ?) 1 4 2 8 0 0 We can reach no other conclusion but that Zechariah had in mind salvation through Christ. If to some this explanation ascribes to Zechariah too high a Christology, the answer is that this priest was filled with the Holy Spirit as he spoke these words.) In line with this explanation is verse) 69. And has raised up a horn of salvation for us) In the house of David, his servant & ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.22.11|AUTODETECT|” As verses 71 and 74 indicate, this horn symbolizes power; in fact, destructive power. It does not refer to the horn of plenty. The underlying figure is the horn of a ram, a wild ox, or a bull. See such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.22.11|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 22:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.22.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.22.21|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 22:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.75.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.75.5|AUTODETECT|” 75:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.8.5-27.8.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.8.5-27.8.7|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 8:5 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Nevertheless, by means of knocking out and scattering the enemy, the horn becomes a horn of salvation for the true Israel.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Note: in the house of David, his servant. Not in the house of Levi, though Zechariah himself belonged to that tribe. Zechariah was, accordingly, thinking of Jesus, the son of Mary according to his human nature. Was it not exactly Jesus who by means of his substitutionary suffering would destroy the power of Satan and would save his people? Not to be passed by in silence is the fact that here again the descent of Jesus via Mary from David receives confirmation. See above, on verse 32.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.27|AUTODETECT|” 70. As he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets of old & That the ancient prophets actually predicted the coming of the Offspring of David, the One who would destroy all his enemies and bring salvation to his people, is an undeniable fact. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.27|AUTODETECT|” Luke 24:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.32|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.32|AUTODETECT|” 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.44-42.24.47|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.44-42.24.47|AUTODETECT|” 44 47) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.43|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.43|AUTODETECT|” Acts 10:43) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Not that any prophet with the possible exception of Isaiah (chapter 53) told the entire story, but they told it collectively, one predicting this and the other that with respect to the coming Deliverer.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 The Old Testament describes a fourfold preparation for the coming of the Messiah. That preparation was historical, typological, prophetical, and psychological. For elaboration with respect to these four lines see my Survey of the Bible, pp. 93, 94.) Limiting ourselves here to the prophetical preparation, it is clear that the persons listed in the chart below were among those who predicted the coming Lord and Savior.) Old Testament Prophets Who Predicted the Coming of the Lord) The Ancient Prophet His Description of the Messiah As: ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.18.15|AUTODETECT|” Moses The prophet whom God would raise up 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.18.15|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 18:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.18.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.18.18|AUTODETECT|” 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.22|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.22|AUTODETECT|” Acts 3:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.23|AUTODETECT|” 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.37|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.37|AUTODETECT|” 7:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.110.1|AUTODETECT|” David The One who would sit on God s right hand 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.110.1|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 110:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.64|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.64|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:64) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.8.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.8.1|AUTODETECT|” 8:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.12|AUTODETECT|” 10:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.2|AUTODETECT|” 12:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.16.10|AUTODETECT|” ; etc.). See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.16.10|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 16:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.25-44.2.27|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.25-44.2.27|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:25 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Isaiah Immanuel (7:14; 8:8), Wonderful, Counselor, etc. (9:6), the One wounded for our transgressions and bruised for our iniquities, etc. (ch. 53). ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.33.15|AUTODETECT|” Jeremiah and Zechariah The Branch 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.33.15|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 33:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.3.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.3.8|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 3:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.6.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.6.12|AUTODETECT|” 6:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.6.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.6.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.1|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.1|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 11:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Jeremiah The Lord, our Righteousness (23:6). ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.34.23|AUTODETECT|” Ezekiel and Zechariah The Shepherd 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.34.23|AUTODETECT|” Ezek. 34:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.13.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.13.7|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 13:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.11|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.11|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 40:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.31|AUTODETECT|” ; see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.31|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.27|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.10|AUTODETECT|” Luke 19:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.11|AUTODETECT|” John 10:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.14-43.10.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.14-43.10.16|AUTODETECT|” 14 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.26-43.10.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.26-43.10.28|AUTODETECT|” 26 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.64|AUTODETECT|” Daniel A Son of man whose dominion is an everlasting dominion, etc. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.64|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:64) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.62|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.62|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:62) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.6|AUTODETECT|” Micah Ruler in Israel, etc. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.6|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 2:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Malachi The Angel of the Covenant (3:1b). ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.15|AUTODETECT|” In addition to all these see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.15|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.49.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.49.10|AUTODETECT|” 49:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.21.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.21.8|AUTODETECT|” Num. 21:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.19.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.19.25|AUTODETECT|” Job 19:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.2.8|AUTODETECT|” ; parts of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.2.8|AUTODETECT|” Psalms 2, 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.42.1-23.42.4|AUTODETECT|” , 22, 31, 69, 72, 89, 118, etc.; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.42.1-23.42.4|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 42:1 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.61.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.61.1|AUTODETECT|” 61:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.63.9|AUTODETECT|” f.; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.63.9|AUTODETECT|” 63:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.9.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.9.9|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 9:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.13.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.13.1|AUTODETECT|” 13:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; etc. ) 1 4 2 8 0 0 ) ) Note, He spoke by the mouth of his prophets.& The Speaker was God himself. The prophets were his mouthpieces.) 71. Salvation from our enemies and from the hand of all who hate us. We now have a further definition of what was meant by redemption (verse 68).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.15|AUTODETECT|” Again and again Jesus Christ is pictured as the One who conquers Satan and his allies, sin, death, the grave, hell, all the hosts of evil 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.15|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.31|AUTODETECT|” John 12:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.32|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.32|AUTODETECT|” 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.11|AUTODETECT|” 16:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.33|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.33|AUTODETECT|” 33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.8|AUTODETECT|” I John 3:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.5|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 5:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.5|AUTODETECT|” 12:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.17.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.17.14|AUTODETECT|” 17:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.11-66.19.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.11-66.19.16|AUTODETECT|” 19:11 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Hymnology has caught this truth: A Mighty Fortress , See the Conqueror ( Lord of battles, God of armies, He has gained the victory, etc.), Battle Hymn of the Republic ( Let the Hero born of woman crush the serpent, etc.).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.17.14|AUTODETECT|” What verse 71 implies is that when Christ conquers, his followers conquer with him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.17.14|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 17:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.44|AUTODETECT|” Note also: salvation from the hand of all who hate us. Among those who hate us are also people. But the passage does not say that we should hate them. As to that, see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.44|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.34|AUTODETECT|” Luke 23:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 4 2 8 0 0 72, 73. To deal mercifully with our fathers,) And to remember his holy covenant,) The oath he swore to Abraham our father.) When, through David s Offspring, God rescues his people from all their enemies and bestows salvation upon them, he is thereby showing kindness to the ancient fathers, with whom he established his covenant. He is keeping faith with them. For the rest, since verses 72, 73 are substantially identical in meaning with verses 54b, 55 of the Magnificat, see on those earlier verses.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.22.15-1.22.18|AUTODETECT|” Note, however, that now his holy covenant is distinctly mentioned; also even the oath he swore to Abraham our father. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.22.15-1.22.18|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 22:15 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.13-58.6.18|AUTODETECT|” . Note also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.13-58.6.18|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 6:13 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 the unforgettably comforting explanation and application of this covenant-promise and oath. Who, in reading these words, does not immediately think of the hymn My Hope Is Built (by E. Mote); specifically, of the words:) 1 8 2 8 0 0 His oath, his covenant, his blood) Support me in the whelming flood?) So eager is God, as it were, to instil in the hearts of his children faith in his gracious promise that in order to confirm it he even takes an oath by himself!) 74, 75. To grant us that we, having been delivered out of the hand of our enemies,) Should serve him without fear in holiness and righteousness) In his presence all our days.) The very wording shows that this purpose clause belongs to what was introduced in verses 68 71, so that the thought connection may be summarized as follows: The God of Israel brought about redemption for us, his people, with this purpose, namely, that we, having now been rescued from the hand of our enemies, should serve him, etc.) In the final analysis the goal of our salvation is the glory of God. The Lord redeems his people in order that out of gratitude they might worship him. According to our passage this worship or service should be:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.27.1|AUTODETECT|” a. without fear. That follows logically from the fact that we have been delivered out of the hand of our enemies. For corroborating evidence to show that those who were delivered should serve God without fear see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.27.1|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 27:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.56.11|AUTODETECT|” f.; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.56.11|AUTODETECT|” 56:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.31-45.8.39|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.31-45.8.39|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:31 39) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 2 2 8 0 0 b. in holiness and righteousness. As some see it, the term holiness as here used indicates what should be the relation of the saved with respect to God; the term righteousness what should be their relation to men. Others, however, maintain that holiness means not doing what God forbids; righteousness, doing what he demands. Interpreted either way, however, it is clear that nothing less than perfection in the sight of God is what should be the aim of God s people.) c. in his presence. In the light of verses 15, 17, and 19, this phrase indicates that God s people should be deeply aware of the fact that they constitute the priesthood of believers, and should therefore present their lives to God as a voluntary offering.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.5|AUTODETECT|” d. enduring. Note the expression all our days. Not just for a while. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.5|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 13:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 and parallels.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 The question now arises, What, if any, is the relation between this child, namely, the future John the Baptist, and the divinely bestowed redemption for which the child s father has been praising God? The answer is as follows:) Second Part) Verses 76 79) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.9|AUTODETECT|” 76. And you, (my) child, will be called a prophet of the Most High & What is so strikingly beautiful about this prophecy is the fact that Zechariah is not chiefly concerned about himself or even about his child but rather about the mighty work of grace which God is going to accomplish by means of the horn of salvation from the house of David. Of this great God, here again called The Most High (see on verse 32), Zechariah s child will be, and will be acknowledged as, a prophet, that is, one who proclaims to the people whatever it is that his Sender wishes him to proclaim. We see the fulfilment of this prediction in such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.9|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.26|AUTODETECT|” f. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.26|AUTODETECT|” Luke 7:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.32|AUTODETECT|” f.); 14:5; 21:26 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.32|AUTODETECT|” Mark 11:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.6|AUTODETECT|” Luke 20:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|” ). Continued: For you will go before the face of the Lord to make ready his ways. See on verse 17. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 40:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . The ways or paths of the Lord are those along which he proceeds in order to bestow his salvation. In the present connection we think especially of the divine call to conversion and to faith in Jesus as the Messiah.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.24|AUTODETECT|” A further elucidation of John s task follows in verse 77. To impart to his people knowledge of salvation through the forgiveness of their sins. The sense is: to make ready his ways, namely, to impart to his people, etc. That was all important, absolutely necessary, for it is through the knowledge of sin that salvation is attained; that is, consciousness of guilt and pollution precedes faith in Christ as complete and perfect Savior. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.24|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 7:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.25|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.32.1|AUTODETECT|” It is God, God alone, who saves. John was God s chosen instrument to impart to the people the knowledge of salvation through forgiveness. He would be able to do this because of strength and wisdom given to him by God. Note: salvation through forgiveness, not through piling up merits. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.32.1|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 32:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.130.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.130.4|AUTODETECT|” 130:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.9.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.9.9|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 9:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.32|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.32|AUTODETECT|” 4:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.15.6|AUTODETECT|” . The way of salvation is the same in Old and New Testament. It is the way of grace through faith 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.15.6|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 15:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.1|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 55:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.6|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 10 2 8 0 0 It should be noted also that this salvation is a distinctly spiritual matter, though, to be sure, it affects all domains and aspects of life. It is not a matter of deliverance from bondage to Rome. It is not a matter of gaining wealth, prestige, earthly glory, etc. It is a matter of reconciliation to God through the saving work of the promised Redeemer, whose forerunner John was appointed to be.) And if anyone should think that somehow, some way, the root or cause of salvation is after all to be found in man, the final passage of Zechariah s beautiful hymn should cure him completely: salvation through forgiveness of sins is on account of, or:) 78, 79. Because of the merciful heart of our God,) With which the Rising Sun will visit us from on high,) To shine on those who sit in darkness and death s shadow,) To guide our feet into the path of peace.) Note the following:) a. The merciful heart of our God is literally our God s entrails [or: bowels] of mercy.

A discussion of this figure of speech can be found in N.T.C. on Philippians, p. 58, footnote 39.) b. With which = equipped with this (merciful heart). ) c. The Rising Sun , like the horn of salvation in verse 69, indicates and describes the Messiah. The point is that in and through him the Most High himself will in his tender mercy visit the people in order to help and save them.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.2|AUTODETECT|” Basically the Greek term used here (anatol) means rising 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.2|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 2:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ). It is but a small step from rising or rise to sunrise, and from there to the Rising Sun. Since we know that Zechariah, the author of this hymn, was deeply aware of the prophecies of Malachi 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.2|AUTODETECT|” ), it is not difficult to believe that he is here echoing ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.2|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 4:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , the passage about the coming of the sun of righteousness with healing in his wings. ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 d. There is considerable textual support for the reading has visited us instead of will visit us. But the reading will visit us is at least equally strong. Besides, accepting the future tense here is favored by the fact that the passage occurs in a context of futures ( will be called, will go before, verse 76). Also, Jesus was not yet born, so that has visited can be justified only if it be interpreted as a prophetic past. All in all it would seem that the future tense deserves the preference in this case.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.1|AUTODETECT|” e. The visit of this Sun has as its purpose: to shine on those who sit in darkness and death s shadow (verse 79). This phraseology is derived from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.1|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 9:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.16|AUTODETECT|” , which is also quoted in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.16|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.4.4|AUTODETECT|” Sitting in darkness and death s shadow indicates a condition of danger, fear, and hopelessness, a pining away, with no human help in sight. In Scripture the designation darkness, when used figuratively, refers to one or more of the following features: delusion 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.4.4|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 4:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.4.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.4.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.18|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.18|AUTODETECT|” ); depravity 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.18|AUTODETECT|” Acts 26:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.2|AUTODETECT|” ); and despondency 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.2|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 9:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; see its context, verse 3). Though all three qualities are probably in the picture here, yet the emphasis may well be on the last of the three (despondency, hopelessness).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.36.9|AUTODETECT|” The antonym of darkness is light, which, accordingly, refers to genuine learning 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.36.9|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 36:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.15|AUTODETECT|” ), life to the glory of God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.15|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.24|AUTODETECT|” 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.8|AUTODETECT|” 5:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.97.11|AUTODETECT|” ), and laughter 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.97.11|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 97:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). All three may well be included, but here too the emphasis is perhaps on the last of the three.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 The real meaning of the words, accordingly, is this, that Jesus Christ, by his presence, teaching, deeds of mercy and power, would fill the hearts of all his followers with the joy of salvation. No longer would they be pining away in gloom and despair. Whenever Jesus enters human hearts, the words of a popular hymn go into effect,) The whole world was lost in the darkness of sin,) The light of the world is Jesus.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.6|AUTODETECT|” f. To guide our feet into the path of peace. Those who a moment ago were pictured as sitting down in despair are now standing on their feet; in fact, are walking. Their sadness has been turned into gladness. Note the connection: to shine on those & to guide our feet. By means of shining, the Rising Sun guides our feet. All we, sinners, had gone astray and had turned to our own way 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.6|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.59.8|AUTODETECT|” ), not knowing the way of peace 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.59.8|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 59:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.59.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.59.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Then the Sun rises, shines, directs our feet into the path of peace.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.20|AUTODETECT|” This peace is both objective and subjective. Objectively it amounts to reconciliation with God through David s horn, the Rising Sun, the Messiah 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.20|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.16|AUTODETECT|” ). Subjectively it is the quiet and comforting assurance of forgiveness and adoption 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.16|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 f.). It is the smile of God reflected in the reconciled sinner s heart, the shelter from the storm, the hiding-place in the shadow of his wings, the stream that issues from the fountain of grace. To that peace the Rising Sun directs our feet.) 1 6 2 8 0 0 As this touchingly beautiful song draws to its close it seems as if already we hear the angels sing:) Glory to God in the highest,) And on earth peace among men he has graciously chosen.) We have studied Elizabeth s Song of Love and Mary s Song of Faith. That we have every right to call the priest s prophecy Zechariah s Song of Hope can hardly be questioned. The very word prophecy, as here used, implies also the forward look, which, as has been shown, is the distinguishing trait of this song.) Luke s closing sentence is:) 80. And the child continued to grow and to become strong in spirit; and he was in the desert regions until the day of his public appearance to Israel.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.13.24|AUTODETECT|” Like any normal child John grew up. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.13.24|AUTODETECT|” Judg. 13:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.13.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.13.25|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Since his parents were already well advanced in years when he was conceived, the boy probably became an orphan early in life. But both physically and spiritually his development was very favorable. In fact, he became strong in spirit, filled with excellent mental, moral, and spiritual qualities.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.40|AUTODETECT|” He lived in desert regions. For more about this see on 3:2b. This lonely life lasted until the beginning of his public appearance or presentation to Israel. With this entire verse cf. what is said about the child Jesus in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.40|AUTODETECT|” Luke 2:40) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .��92��) 1 1 2 8 0 0 ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.67-42.1.80|AUTODETECT|” Practical Lessons Derived from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.67-42.1.80|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:67 80) 1 9 2 8 0 0 Verse 68) Blessed be & Without doxology true religion is inconceivable.) Verse 69) A horn of salvation for us in the house of David. There is nothing petty about Zechariah. Note how his thoughts and thanksgivings turn from his own child to that other Child, the One from the house of David.) Verse 70) His holy prophets. The lower our view of inspiration, the smaller the blessing we receive and the capability of permitting the Word to be a blessing to others.) Verses 71, 74, 75) Salvation from our enemies & that we & should serve him. When we are saved from something, we are at the same time saved for something, namely, to be of service to others, for God s glory. The latter is often forgotten.) Verse 72) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.29|AUTODETECT|” His holy covenant. Salvation never begins with us. It begins with God. It was he who established his holy covenant with Abraham, a covenant that is still in effect. Read ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.29|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.19|AUTODETECT|” I John 4:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 5 2 8 0 0 Verses 76, 77) And you (my) child will & impart to God s people knowledge of salvation. The noblest aspiration parents can cherish for their children is that they become channels of blessing. ) Verse 78) The merciful heart of God. What an encouraging phrase!) Verses 78, 79) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.4.18|AUTODETECT|” The Rising Sun & to shine on those who sit in darkness. When he shines on them they too begin to shine & brighter and brighter until full day 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.4.18|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 4:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 6 2 8 0 0 To guide our feet into the path of peace. Being a channel of blessing brings peace.) Verse 80) He was in the desert regions. Those who plan to influence multitudes should prepare themselves by being alone with God.) ) Notes on Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 1:67 80) Verses 68 and 78) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.3|AUTODETECT|” �� (verse 68) is third per. s. aorist indicat. of ��; and �� (verse 78) is the third per. s. future indicat. of the same verb. See below, under verses 76 79. In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.3|AUTODETECT|” Acts 6:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.68|AUTODETECT|” this verb means to look for, select. The other New Testament passages in which a form of this verb is found are 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.68|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:68) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.78|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.78|AUTODETECT|” 78) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.36|AUTODETECT|” ) ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.36|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.43|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.43|AUTODETECT|” 43) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.16|AUTODETECT|” Luke 7:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.23|AUTODETECT|” Acts 7:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.14|AUTODETECT|” 15:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.36|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.36|AUTODETECT|” 36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.2.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.2.6|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 2:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.27|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.27|AUTODETECT|” James 1:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . In all these ten remaining instances of its use the meaning is either: (a) to be concerned about, to look after; or (b) to visit. In several cases, however, translators and interpreters differ with respect to the question whether in a particular passage the verb falls under meaning (a) or meaning (b). The line of demarcation between the two connotations is at times almost invisible. In each case the context will have to decide.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Verse 73) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.33|AUTODETECT|” E��, oath. Cf. exorcise, exorcist; see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.33|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.7|AUTODETECT|” 14:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.26|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.26|AUTODETECT|” Mark 6:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.30|AUTODETECT|” ); 26:72; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.30|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.16|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 6:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.12|AUTODETECT|” James 5:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 4 2 8 0 0 d��, third per. s. aor. indicat. of @�� (another form of D��), especially frequent in Matthew and in Hebrews; to swear, to confirm by oath.) Verse 74) Though rather far removed from each other, the adverb �� modifies the present infinitive ��. Cf. Mariolatry.) Verses 76 79) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.40|AUTODETECT|” �� and �� are sec. per. s. fut. indicatives, respectively of �� and 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.40|AUTODETECT|” Acts 7:40) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.27.20|AUTODETECT|” ) ��**. In verse 78 it is probably best, in line with these two verbs, to accept the reading �� , another instance of the future tense, but now third per. s. The articular aor. infinitive �� etc. (verse 77) is in apposition with �� (verse 76). In verse 77 the phrase � ��, etc., goes best with ��: the gateway to salvation full and free is forgiveness. And this forgiveness, in turn, is rooted in God s merciful heart; hence, so is the entire work of salvation. In verses 78, 79 �� 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.27.20|AUTODETECT|” Acts 27:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) modifies ��. The visiting has as its purpose to shine on those who sit in darkness. And this shining, in turn, is necessary to guide our feet, etc.) 1 6 2 8 0 0 Verse 80) In the opening of the sentence note the verbs in the imperfect tense. They do not merely state a fact; they picture it in the process of happening. Some interpret �� as referring to the Holy Spirit. In that case, however, would not Luke have used the fuller term, as in verses 15, 41, and 67? Besides, physical and spiritual growth form a pair.) The noun ��* (here in the genitive ��) occurs nowhere else in the New Testament. Basically it means holding something up for the purpose of exhibition; hence, public appearance, presentation.) Summary of Chapter 1) Dedicatory Preface (verses 1 4).

Luke was moved to write because (a) the events centering in Jesus were so important that many people had already tried to draw up a narrative around them, (b) from reliable witnesses he had received information concerning these happenings, and (c) he himself had made a thorough investigation. His purpose was that his friend (sponsor?) Theophilus, a distinguished person, one who may have occupied a high position in the city of Rome, and who had already received some instruction in Christian doctrine, might get to know the truth concerning Jesus more fully. Undoubtedly the evangelist was trying to reach for Christ not only Theophilus but the entire Greek-speaking Roman world.) The Birth of John Foretold (verses 5 25). The angel Gabriel suddenly appeared to Zechariah, while this aged priest was performing his duties at the altar of incense in the Jerusalem sanctuary. Gabriel told the priest that his wife Elizabeth, also well along in years, would bear a son, to be named John, and that this son, when grown up, would turn many of the children of Israel to the Lord their God. Zechariah did not believe it.

As a result he was told that he would not be able to speak until the day of the prediction s fulfilment. When he came back to the waiting audience, the priest tried by means of signs to indicate what had occurred. After Zechariah returned to his home Elizabeth did indeed become pregnant.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.18|AUTODETECT|” The Birth of Jesus Foretold (verses 26 38). In a small Galilean village lived a virgin named Mary. By means of solemn ceremonies it had been arranged that she was to become the wife of Nazareth s carpenter, Joseph. He was a very kind man, who truly loved her. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Both Mary and Joseph were descendants of King David, and accordingly belonged to the tribe of Judah.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 One day Gabriel, the very angel who had appeared to Zechariah, presented himself also to Mary. He told her that she had found favor with God, and would conceive and give birth to a son, to be named Jesus. He added that this child would be great, would be called the Son of the Most High, and would reign forever. When Mary wondered how, in her virgin state, this prediction could be realized, Gabriel answered that the Holy Spirit would overshadow her, bringing about conception. Result: her child would in reality be the Son of God. The angel added that because of God s almighty power even aged Elizabeth, her friend and relative, had conceived and was six months along in her pregnancy.

Mary answered, Behold, the handmaid of the Lord. May it be to me according to your word! She was fully surrendered.) Mary Visits Elizabeth (verses 39 45). So Mary goes to the hill country of Judah to visit Elizabeth. The older woman, in addressing Mary, exclaims,) Blessed are you among women,) And blessed is the fruit of your womb!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.13.4|AUTODETECT|” The poem or hymn in which she showed how very happy she had been made by Mary s condition may be called Elizabeth s Song of Love, for love does not envy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.13.4|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 13:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 15 2 8 0 0 Mary s Magnificat (verses 46 56). In this famous hymn, which may be called Mary s Song of Faith, she gives evidence of her trust in the Mighty and Merciful God, the Holy One, the Helper in the time of need, the God of the covenant. The opening lines are:) My soul magnifies the Lord,) And my spirit rejoices in God my Savior.) The Birth and Naming of John the Baptist (verses 57 66). When Elizabeth s time of pregnancy had run its normal course she gave birth to a son, as had been predicted. On the eighth day, when the child was circumcised, the neighbors and relatives wanted to name him after his father, Zechariah. Elizabeth, however, insisted that he be called John .

Asked about his own wishes in this matter, Zechariah wrote on a tablet, John is his name. This act of obedience on his part was immediately rewarded by speech recovery. He began to speak, praising God. All of these wonderful events made a deep impression on the people living in the hill country of Judea.) Zechariah s Prophecy (verses 67 80). Another name would be Zechariah s Song of Hope. It consists of two parts; in fact, of two long sentences (verses 68 75 and 76 79).

In the first sentence Zechariah praises God for having provided salvation for his people, in fulfilment of prophecy and of his holy covenant with Abraham. In the second he, with firmly anchored hope, summarizes the child s mission as a way-preparer for the Messiah, whom he describes as the Rising Sun about to shine on those who sit in darkness. ) Luke s closing statement is: And the child continued to grow and to become strong in spirit; and he was in the desert regions until the day of his public appearance to Israel. ) ) ) ) 34 Or: Inasmuch as; or: since by now.) 35 Or: servants.) 36 Or: most noble.) 37 Or: may come to know.) 38 Or: the certainty.) 39 Verses 1 4 are one sentence also in A.V., A.R.V., R.S.V., Moffatt, Weymouth, Riverside, Berkeley, N.A.S., Williams, Jerusalem Bible, Dutch (both Statenvertaling and Nieuwe Vertaling), and the French, Frisian, German, South African, Spanish, and Swedish translations in my possession.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.1-42.1.4|AUTODETECT|” 40 For more on such introductory sentences ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.1-42.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:1 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.1-42.1.4|AUTODETECT|” , etc. see H. J. Cadbury, The Beginnings of Christianity (5 volumes, edited by F. J. Foakes Jackson and K. Lake, London, 1920 1933), Vol. II, p. 490 f.; H. Mulder, De Eerste Hoofdstukken van het Evangelie naar Lukas in hun Structurele Samenhang, doctoral dissertation, Amsterdam-Delft, 1948, pp. 105, 106; N. B. Stonehouse, The Witness of Luke to Christ, Grand Rapids, 1951, pp. 24, 25; and J. Sneen, An Exegesis of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.1-42.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:1 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 with Special Regard to Luke s Purpose as a Historian, ET Vol. 83, No. 2 (Nov. 1971), pp. 40 43.) 1 26 2 8 0 0 N.T.C. W. Hendriksen, New Testament Commentary) 41 D. A. Hayes, The Most Beautiful Book Ever Written, New York, etc., 1913, pp. 46, 50, 51.) 42) This is a widely held opinion. See F.

Godet, A Commentary on the Gospel of St. Luke, Edinburgh, 1890, Vol. I, p. 31; W. J. Harrington, op. cit., p. 33; E. E.

Ellis, op. cit., p. 64, to mention only a few.) General agreement, however, is lacking. H. Mulder, in his doctoral dissertation, De Eerste Hoofdstukken, rejects this theory, deeming it to be in conflict with Luke s purpose stated in 1:4.) 43 This is H. Mulder s own theory, as described in several of his books, including Hoofdlijnen van Lucas 2, The Hague, 1959, pp. 9 12.) 44 This is T. Zahn s theory, adopted by Lenski, op. cit., p. 23.) 45 S. Greijdanus, Kommentaar, vol.

I, p. 11.) 46 Commentary on the Book of Acts, p. 31.) 47 See C. F. Keil, Commentar �ber die Evangelien des Markus und Lucas, Leipzig, 1879, p. 184; and H. Mulder, Hoofdlijnen, p. 10.) 48 Notes on Greek words, phrases, and constructions in 1:1 4 begin on page 61.) EQ Evangelical Quarterly) Th.D.N.T. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, edited by G. Kittel and G.

Friedrich, and translated from the German by G. W. Bromiley) 49 Or: king of the country of the Jews.) 50 Or: and his wife was of the daughters of Aaron.) 51 Literally: and fear fell upon him.) 52 Or: Stop being afraid.) 53 Or: and exuberant gladness.) 54 .6 per verse in Matthew; .51 in Luke; .49 in John; and .42 in Mark.) A.V. Authorized Version (King James)) 55 According to W. H. Gispen, Het Boek Leviticus, Kampen, 1950, p. 303, this happened frequently.

See also S.BK., II, pp. 55 71.) 56 For example, A. Fahling, The Life of Christ, St. Louis, 1936, p. 67. Very interesting is S.BK., II, p. 75.) 57 For example, Greijdanus and Lenski in their respective commentaries on this passage.) 58 For a more detailed account read A. Edersheim, The Temple, London, 1908, pp. 157 173.) 59 S. Greijdanus, Lucas (Korte Verklaring), p. 26.) 60 W.

M. Christie, art. Nazirite, I.S.B.E., Vol. IV, p. 2125; A. T. Robertson, Word Pictures, Vol.

II, p. 10; A. Plummer, op. cit., p. 14. And cf. S.BK., II, p. 80 f.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.29.22|AUTODETECT|” 61 Those who favor theory (a) also at times appeal to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.29.22|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 29:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 f. This is a difficult passage, of which there are various, sometimes widely different, translations and interpretations. For that very reason an appeal to it hardly seems justified.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 62 J. Ridderbos, De Kleine Profeten (Korte Verklaring), Kampen, 1935, Vol. III, p. 234.) 63 All three theories are discussed by A. Kuyper in his book De Engelen Gods, Kampen, 1923, pp. 176 179. He rejects (a) but accepts (b) and (c). See also S.BK., II, p. 90 f., and p. 97 f.) 64) On the general subject angel, angels, see also the following passages and the N.T.C. on them, as far as published:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.10|AUTODETECT|” Summary of scriptural doctrine with respect to angels; see on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.10|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 18:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.19|AUTODETECT|” Angels in relation to God s law 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.19|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.18|AUTODETECT|” As objects of worship 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.18|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.16|AUTODETECT|” Archangels 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.16|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 4:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.10|AUTODETECT|” Guardian angels? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.10|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 18:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.25|AUTODETECT|” Angels and marriage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.25|AUTODETECT|” Mark 12:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Luke on angels (in addition to 1:11, 13, 18, 19 see also: 26 38; 2:9 21; 4:10; 9:26; 12:8, 9; 15:10; 16:22; 20:36; 24:23).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.39|AUTODETECT|” Function of angels in connection with Christ s return 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.39|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 13:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31|AUTODETECT|” 25:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.38|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.38|AUTODETECT|” Mark 8:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.27|AUTODETECT|” 13:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 3 2 8 0 0 65 Notes on Greek words, phrases, and constructions in 1:5 25 begin on page 79.) Gram. N.T. A. T. Robertson, Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research) 66 Or: betrothed to.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.30-42.1.33|AUTODETECT|” 67 On the whole Lenski has given us an excellent explanation of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.30-42.1.33|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:30 33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.10.6|AUTODETECT|” . However, on p. 45 he states that time conceived as succession of moments will end. One meets this thought frequently in Lenski s commentaries. Those who accept this view base it on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.10.6|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 10:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . But this interpretation of that passage is erroneous, as I have shown in my book The Bible on the Life Hereafter, pp. 72 74.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 68 Among those who have avoided it are: A.V., A.R.V., R.S.V., Jerusalem Bible, Robertson, Amplified, Norlie, Riverside all in favor of handmaid ; Weymouth, in favor of maidservant ; Berkeley, in favor of servant girl ; Beck, N.E.B., N.I.V., in favor of servant ; Dutch (both Statenvertaling and Nieuwe Vertaling), in favor of dienstmaagd = servant girl, handmaid, maidservant.) 69 Notes on Greek words, phrases, and constructions in 1:26 38 begin on page 91.) 70 Or: & she who believed that there will be, etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=6.15.55|AUTODETECT|” 71 Just why it was that Luke writes country of Judah instead of simply Judea is not stated. Can it be that even this early in his account he wishes to direct the attention of the reader to the fact that Jesus, whose forerunner was John, was a descendant of Judah; in other words, that the evangelist is anticipating the idea more clearly expressed in 2:4 and 3:33? Improbable is the suggestion that the present Judah is really Juttah, south of Hebron 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=6.15.55|AUTODETECT|” Josh. 15:55) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=6.21.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=6.21.16|AUTODETECT|” 21:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). That Luke s Judah here in 1:39 has the same meaning as it does in 3:33, where it clearly refers to a son of Jacob, must be regarded as probable.) 1 30 2 8 0 0 72 See J. H. van Halsema, De Groet van de engel en van Maria in Lukas I, NedTT, 25 (April, 1971), pp. 186, 187.) 73 Het Evangelie naar Lucas (Korte Verklaring der Heilige Schrift), Kampen, 1941, Vol. I, p. 40. From here on whenever this book is indicated, its title will be abbreviated to Korte Verklaring.) 74 Het Heilig Evangelie naar de Beschrijving van Lucas (Kommentaar op het Nieuwe Testament), Amsterdam, 1940, p. 61. From here on whenever this book is indicated, its title will be abbreviated to Kommentaar.) 75 Is not the interpreter who ascribes propositional religious knowledge to a fetus also in danger of erring in his conception of innate ideas ? On this difficult subject see the comprehensive treatment by H.

Bavinck, Gereformeerde Dogmatiek, third edition, Kampen, 1918, Vol. II, pp. 29 49; or, for those who cannot read Dutch, see my translation: H. Bavinck, The Doctrine of God, Grand Rapids, 1955, pp. 41 59.) N.T.C. W. Hendriksen, New Testament Commentary) 76 Notes on Greek words, phrases, and constructions in 1:39 45 begin on page 99.) A.V. Authorized Version (King James)) A.R.V.

American Standard Revised Version) R.S.V. Revised Standard Version) N.E.B. New English Bible) N.I.V. New International Version of The New Testament) 77 Or: said to.) 78 So also A. Plummer, op. cit., p. 31, and others.) 79 See Lenski, op. cit., p. 57.) 80 The fact that the Hebrew adjective, in a derived sense, in certain contexts indicates set apart from sin, sinless and filled with virtue, is not denied. We should begin, however, with what is basic, especially when the term applies to God.

See also Brown, Driver, Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, Boston and New York, 1906, p. 872.) 81 Articles listed under the heading Anthropomorphism include the following: R. L. Dabney, Systematic and Polemic Theology, Richmond, 1927, pp. 34, 35; C. A. Beckwith, S.H.E.R.K., Vol. I, pp. 193, 194; J.

Lindsay, I.S.B.E., Vol. I, pp. 152 154; and R. E. D. Clark, The New International Dictionary of the Christian Church, Grand Rapids, 1974, p. 46.) 82 Notes on Greek words, phrases, and constructions in 1:46 56 begin on page 111.) Gram. N.T.

A. T. Robertson, Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research) 83 Literally: that the Lord had magnified his mercy toward her.) 84 Or: and they tried to call him.) 85 Literally: all these things continued to be talked back and forth.) 86 All three languages Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek were in use in Palestine, including even Judea, during the first and well into the second century a.d. See C. H. H.

Scobie, John the Baptist, Philadelphia, 1964, pp. 51, 52; J. M. Grintz, Hebrew as the Spoken and Written Language in the Last Days of the Second Temple, JBL, 79 (1960), pp. 32 47. See also the highly documented argument (in support of the theory that all three languages were used by Jews in first century Palestine) by R. H. Gundry, in his dissertation, The Use of the Old Testament in St.

Matthew s Gospel, Leiden, 1967, pp. 174 177.) 87 For the religious significance of circumcision see N.T.C. on Colossians, p. 116, footnote 85.) 88 See S.BK., Vol. II, p. 107.) 89 Thus S. Greijdanus, Korte Verklaring, pp. 29, 47.) 90 F. Danker, op. cit., p. 17.) 91 Notes on Greek words, phrases, and constructions in 1:57 66 begin on page 119.) Gram. N.T. (Bl.-Debr.) F. Blass and A.

DeBrunner, A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature) 92 Notes on Greek words, phrases, and constructions in 1:67 80 begin on page 131.) )

New Testament Commentary (Baker)

William Hendriksen (1900–1982) was a Dutch-American Reformed theologian and professor at Calvin Theological Seminary. His New Testament Commentary series, later completed by Simon J. Kistemaker, covers the entire New Testament and is one of the most highly regarded Reformed commentary sets of the …

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New Testament

MAT MRK LUK JHN ACT ROM 1CO 2CO GAL EPH PHP COL 1TH 2TH 1TI 2TI TIT PHM HEB JAS 1PE 2PE 1JN 2JN 3JN JUD REV

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