Isaiah 1

Isaiah 1:1

THE vision] The word of God made known to Isaiah by vision, or revelation, Revelation 1:1. & Revelation 9:17. a kinde of divine or spirituall rapture, Numbers 24:4,16. Ezekiel 1:1. and Ezekiel 11:24. Revelation 1:10. one of those means, whereby in those times God imparted his minde to his Prophets. Of which see Genesis 15:1. Numbers 12:6. So Obad. 1. Nahum 1. 1. Vision here for visions. as Chap. 22. 1. 1 Samuel 3:1. Daniel 1:17. for this is an inscription, not of this Chapter onely, or the Prophecie therein contained, but of the main body of the whole book: as by the times of the severall kings here after mentioned, appeareth. So Jer. 1. 1, 3. Hosea 1. 1.

saw] was revealed to him, 1 Pet. 1. 12. 1 Corinth. 2. 10. as clearly, and as certainly, as if he had seen it, 2 Corinthians 4:18. and 2 Corinthians 5:1. Hebrews 11:27. whence also the Prophets were anciently tearmed Seers, 1 Samuel 9:9; 1 Samuel 9:19. Chap. 30. 10. So Chap. 2. 1.

Judah] Judah, the holy land, Zechariah 2:12. the seat of Gods people; and Jerusalem, the holy Citie, Daniel 9:24. the chief place in it, and of Gods solemn service, Psal. 76. 1, 2. put here for the state and inhabitants of either; and that, as distinguished from the other ten tribes, that were revolted from Davids house, 1 King. 11. 31, 32. and 12. 16, 17. here onely mentioned, because unto them chiefly was Isaiah sent: albeit, he prophecie of, and to, other nations besides them. But that also, for the instruction, consolation, or reprehension of Gods people: those nations being such, as either they had been oppressed by, as Assur and Babel, Chap. 10. and 13, &c. or had too much relied upon: as Egypt and Ethiopia, Chap. 20 and 30. &c.

Ʋzziah,] called also Azariah, 2 Kings 15:1. Of these Kings read 2 King. Chap. 14. to Chap. 22. and 2 Chron. Chap. 25. to Chap. 33.

Isaiah 1:2

Heare] Because men are obstinate and senselesse, the dumbe creatures are called upon, as more ready to hear and obey Gods word then they; and withall summoned to be as witnesses for God against them. So Deuteronomy 4:26. and Deuteronomy 30:19. and Deuteronomy 32:1. Jeremiah 2:12. Mic. 6. 1, 2.

hath spoken] Or, speaketh; and therefore requireth attention, as Chap. 41. 1.

I have nourished] God declareth his singular favour to them, in choosing them, before all other nations, to be his children and peculiar people, Deuteronomy 7:6. and Deuteronomy 10:15. and Deuteronomy 26:18.

brought up] Or, advanced, as 1 Kings 1:37.

Isaiah 1:3

The ox, &c.] The very brutest and dullest creatures, Psalms 32:9. Proverbs 7:22. take better notice of their owners and feeders, then my people do of me, who have done so much for them, Hos. 11. 1, 4. See Jeremiah 8:7.

Isaiah 1:4

sinfull nation,] Addicted, or given to sin, Psalms 1:1. Luk. 7. 34, 37. John 9:31. Galatians 2:15.

laden with iniquitie,] Great and grievous sinners, as Genesis 18:20. Chap. 30. 27 and 36. 2.

laden with iniquitie] Heb. of heavinesse of iniquity, as Ch. 21. 15.

a seed of evil doers,] That tread on in the steps of their wicked progenitors, Ps. 78. 8. and 106. 6. Ch. 57. 3. Jeremiah 7:26; Jeremiah 16:11-12.

children] Children, that deal corruptly, 2 Chronicles 27:2. Jeremiah 6:28. or that have corrupted themselves, and their wayes, Exodus 32:7. Deuteronomy 32:5, Heb. corrupters, that is, wasters, as Proverbs 18:9. or, destroyers, as Proverbs 28:24. stroy-good or wastfull children; a metaphor taken from riotous and prodigall younkers, that waste and consume the means left them by their parents, Luke 15:13; Luke 15:30. applyed to this people, as having embezilled their spirituall patrimonie derived to them from their godly progenitors, Genesis 17:7. Deut. 7. 6, 8. and 32. 9, 20. Psal. 147. 19, 20 and 148. 4. Rom. 3. 1, 2. and 9. 4, 5.

the holy One] He, who both is holy himself, and sanctifieth those that are his, Lev. 19. 2. and 20. 7, 8.

gone away] Heb. alienated, or, estranged, (Psalms 78:30.) backward. Or, alienated, and gone back, as Chap. 38. 17.

away backward.] They have alienated themselves from God by their sins; Psalms 58:3. Colossians 1:21. by their idolatry especially, Ezekiel 14:5.

Isaiah 1:5

Why] Or, Why, the more ye are smitten, do ye more and more revolt?

Why should] What availeth it, to seek to amend you by chastisements, when as the more ye are corrected, the worse ye wax? 2 Chronicles 28:22. Jeremiah 7:24.

ye will] Or, since ye will.

revolt] Heb. encrease, or, adde revolt, vers. 13. Chap. 7. 10.

the whole head] The whole state, both civil and ecclesiasticall, is distempered and out of frame; and those worst and weakest, that should support and strengthen the rest, Psalms 75:3. and Psalms 82:5. Or, The evils; that have befaln you, are both generall, and exceeding grievous, like hurts received, Genesis 3:15. Psalms 68:21. and diseases, that lye in the head, 2 Kings 4:19-20. or that pierce and strike to the heart, Jer. 4. 18, 19. and 8. 18.

the whole head] Heb. every head. as Ezekiel 29:18.

the whole heart] Heb. every heart.

Isaiah 1:6

From the sole of the foot] Ye have been so scourged over and over, that there is no part free, from top to toe: a proverbiall speech, 2 Samuel 14:25. Job 2:7. intimating, that no sort of persons had escaped scot-free; but all, as well greatest and highest, as least and lowest, had been plagued, 2 Chron. 28. 5, 8.

there is] Psal. 38. 3, 7.

bruises] Psalms 38:5. Proverbs 20:30. Chap. 53 5.

they have not been] Nor had any means at least available been used for the cure of them, 2 Chron. 28. 20 21. Jeremiah 8:21-22. expressed here by phrases borrowed from the practise of Chirurgery, as Chap. 3 7. and 30. 26. and 61. 1. Jeremiah 30, 12, 13. Psalms 147:3. Hosea 6:1.

closed] Or, crusht, Jeremiah 30:13. to crush out the matur.

ointment] Or, oyl, Eccl. 7. 1. and 9. 8.

Isaiah 1:7

Your countrey] Deut. 28. 51, 52. Chap. 5. 5.

desolate] Heb. desolation, Chap. 64. 10. or, brought unto desolation, Jeremiah 12:11.

it] The fruit of it, Deuteronomy 28:33.

in your presence,] Before your faces; to encrease your grief, Deuteronomy 28:31-32.

as overthrown] Heb. as the overthrow of strangers. Or, as by an overthrow, &c. as Deuteronomy 29:23. Chap. 13. 19.

strangers] Who destroy all before them, as being not their own, Jeremiah 8:16.

Isaiah 1:8

the daughter of Zion] Jerusalem; so called from one principall part of it, 2 Sam. 5. 6, 7. the daughter Zion; or, of Zion; for Zion, who is as a daughter: as the daughter Zidon, or, of Zidon, for Zidon it self. Chap. 23. 12.

a cottage] Desolate, and distressed.

a lodge] Job 27:18.

a garden] Lamentations 2:6.

besieged citie.] Or, watched. as Ezekiel 6:12. See Jeremiah 4:17. Or, wasted, as Chap. 65. 4.

Isaiah 1:9

Except the Lord] Romans 9:29.

had left unto us] Because he will ever have a Church, to serve him, and call upon his name, Psalms 130:4. Chap. 4. 3. and 6. 13.

as Sodom] All utterly destroyed, as they were, Genesis 19:24. Deuteronomy 29:23. Lamentations 4:6. Amos 4:11.

Isaiah 1:10

of Sodom;] Like them for wickednesse, Deuteronomy 32:32. as bad as they; Ezekiel 16:48. and deserving to be destroyed as they were, Lamentations 3:22.

the law of our] The word of God, that I shall now tell you. as Psalms 78:1.

Isaiah 1:11

To what purpose] It is in vain, and to no end, that ye do all this. vers. 13. So Jeremiah 6:20.

the multitude] Albeit he had commanded these things to be done; yet being done, by such as they were, and in such manner, as they did them, to wit, without repentance and true devotion, he refuseth and rejecteth them, Psal. 50. 8-16. Proverbs 15:8. and Proverbs 21:27. Chap. 61. 8. and 66. 3. Jeremiah 6:20. and Jeremiah 7:21. Amos 5:21-22. Micah 6:7.

full of] I am cloyed with them, as one with meat, which he loatheth, and his stomach goeth against, Proverbs 27:7.

burnt-offerings] Which were wholly consumed with fire, Leviticus 1:3; Leviticus 1:9. Psalms 40:6. Mark 12:33.

fat of fed beasts,] Which in other sacrifices also, as reserved for Gods portion, was burnt upon his altar, Lev. 3. 3, 5, 16, 17. and 4. 8, 10. Deuteronomy 32:38.

I delight not] Tho he delighted much in the good affection and obedience of his faithfull people, by such performances expressed and testified, Genesis 8:21. Psalms 20:3. and Psalms 51:19. Malachi 3:4. yet not at all in the things themselves, Psalms 50:13. much lesse so, and by such, performed. Chap. 57. 6. See Jeremiah 7:22-23.

bloud of bullocks,] Reserved likewise for sacred uses; and forbidden therefore to be eaten, Leviticus 17:10-12.

he-goats.] Heb. great he-goats, Chap. 14. 9. Jeremiah 50:8.

Isaiah 1:12

to appear] Heb. to be seen. Exodus 34:24. Deuteronomy 31:11.

before me,] In my Temple, Psalms 42:2. Jeremiah 7:10.

who hath required] I neither desire, nor require the company of such as ye are, Ezekiel 20:39.

hath required] Or, requireth.

tread] As if by repairing to his house, they did but trample upon the pavement of it, as a company of beasts would do, and foule it onely, or weare out the stones of it, with their feet, Ezekiel 20:39.

tread] Heb. trample on. Chap. 63. 3.

Isaiah 1:13

Bring no more] Jeremiah 7:21. Malachi 1:10. Heb. Adde not to bring. vers. 5. Chap. 23. 12.

vain oblations] Heb. an oblation of vanitie, as Lamentations 2:14.

vain] Vain, because not performed in sinceritie. Or, because in vain offered, as not accepted or regarded, vers. 11. Mal. 1. 9, 10. and 2. 13. Matthew 15:9.

oblations,] Meat-offerings, Leviticus 2:1. Numbers 15:4.

incense] Both that which the Priests daily burnt, Exodus 30:7; Exodus 30:35-36. and that which the people brought together with their offerings. Leviticus 21, 2.

the new moons] Or, the calling of assemblies in the new-moons and sabbaths, 2 Kings 4:23.

new-moons] In which they had holy assemblies, Psalms 81:2.

sabbaths] Either weekly or yeerly, Leviticus 23:3; Leviticus 23:32; Leviticus 23:38-39.

calling] Which was usually done by sound of trumpet; that the people might thereby be prepared, to repair with the more devotion thereunto, Numbers 10. 10. Joel 1. 14. and 2. 15, 16.

assemblies] Heb. a convocation, Leviticus 23:3.

iniquitie,] Or, grief, Chap. 10. 1.

even the] Or, and vexation, (as Chap. 53. 8. Psalms 107:39.) to me. as vers. 14.

Isaiah 1:14

new-moons,] Both the solemnities themselves, and the sacrifices offered in them, Numbers 10:10. 2 Chron. 31. 3.

appointed feasts] Or, set-meetings, feasts or fasts, Leviticus 23:2; Leviticus 23:4; Leviticus 23:27; Leviticus 23:37.

my soul hateth] I abhorre: or, I abhorre from my heart, Psalms 11:5. Zechariah 11:8.

Isaiah 1:15

when ye spread] Proverbs 1:28. Jeremiah 11:11. and Jeremiah 14:12. Mic. 3. 4. Zechariah 7:13.

your hands,] In prayer, described by the gesture therein ordinarily then used, Exodus 9:29; Exodus 33:1 King. 8. 22, 38. Ezra 9:8. Job 11:13. Psalms 88:9.

I will hide] I will not regard you. See the phrase, Proverbs 28:27. Psalms 10:1. Chap. 58. 7. Ezekiel 22:16.

when] Or, though. as Psalms 23:4.

when ye] Be ye never so instant, and by such your instancie hope to speed, Matthew 6:7.

make many prayers,] Heb. multiply prayer. as Jeremiah 2:22. and Jeremiah 46:11.

your] Chap. 59. 3.

hands are full] Which ye spread forth in prayer, 1 Timothy 2:8.

bloud] Heb. blouds. Chap. 26. 23.

bloud.] Murther, crueltie, oppression, extortion. Vers. 20. the cause, why their prayers (seemed they never so devout) were not heard. Chap. 58. 2, 3. and 59. 2, 3. Job 27:8-9. Ezekiel 8:17-18.

Isaiah 1:16

Wash ye,] Cleanse both your hands, and hearts, Psalms 26:6. Jeremiah 4:14. James 4:8. An allusion to the rites of washing then in use, Exodus 19:10. Numbers 19:28,29. Deuteronomy 21:6. and Deuteronomy 23:11. Hebrews 9:10. and Hebrews 10:22.

from before mine eyes,] Which cause me to hide mine eyes from you, Vers. 15. Job 11:13-14.

cease] Psalms 34:14. and Psalms 37:37. 1 Peter 3:11.

to do evil,] To deal cruelly and injuriously, Chap. 58. 6.

Isaiah 1:17

Learn] Chap. 26. 9, 10.

do well,] To exercise mercy and beneficence, Chap. 58. 7, 10. Daniel 4:27.

seek judgement,] He presseth them with the duties of the second Table; because hypocrites (though professing a great deal of devotion) are wont therein much to fail. Psal. 50. 16-18. Micah 6:7-8. Matthew 23:23. James 1:27. and 2. 14-26.

relieve] Or, righten. Proverbs 23:19.

Isaiah 1:18

reason together,] That it may appear, whether I charge you without cause, or no. Chap. 43. 28. Or, that we may bring the businesse to some issue; that we may come to some tearmes of agreement. Chap. 27. 5. Job 22:21.

though your sins] That they may not pretend rigour on Gods part, part, he offereth, upon their sincere repentance and serious reformation, to pardon all their sins, tho never so hainous, Chap. 55. 6, 7. Ezekiel 18:21-22.

as scarlet,] Of a deep bloudy die. Vers. 15.

as white as snow,] Psalms 51:7. Revelation 7:14.

as wooll.] Daniel 7:9. Revelation 1:14.

Isaiah 1:19

If ye] Implying, that whatsoever they had hitherto red, ought to be ascribed unto their own wilfull disobedi〈…〉, Jer. 2. 17, 19.

be willing] Or, will consent (Proverbs 1:10.) and obey. or, consent to obey. Ezekiel 3:7.

obedient,] Heb. hear. 1 Samuel 12:15.

good of the land.] Heb. goodnesse. Jeremiah 2:7. See Deuteronomy 8:7-9.

Isaiah 1:20

the sword:] Of your enemies. Chap. 3. 20.

for the mouth] Chap. 40. 5. and 58. 14.

hath spoken it.] And it is sure therefore to be effected. Chap. 21. 17. and 55. 11. Jeremiah 44:28-29. Ezekiel 12:25.

Isaiah 1:21

How] Spoken by way of admiration; as wondring at so strange an alteration, Jeremiah 2:21.

the faithfull citie] Jerusalem, who had plighted fidelitie to God, as a loyall wife to her husband. 2 Chron. 15. 12-15. and 23. 16. but now carryed her self disloyally, as an harlot, or common strumpet. Jer. 2. 20, 21. and 3. 10, 11, 14. Psalms 73:27. and Psalms 106:39.

it was full of judgement,] A place, wherein justice and judgement had sometime been constantly exercised and administred, 2 Samuel 8:15. 1 Kings 10:9. 2 Chronicles 19:5-10.

murderers.] Or, they are all murtherers, as Jeremiah 9:3.

murderers.] Men given to oppression and crueltie, vers. 15.

Isaiah 1:22

Thy silver] Whatsoever was pure in thee, is now corrupt; make it never so fair a shew outwardly. Proverbs 26:23. Chap. 64. 8. Jeremiah 6:28. 30. Ezek. 22. 18, 19.

thy wine mixt] Hosea 4:18.

Isaiah 1:23

Thy princes are rebellious,] Hosea 9:15.

companions of theeves:] They maintain wicked men and extortioners, and do not onely winke at them, Leviticus 20:4. but partake with them, and are such themselves. Proverbs 29:24. Micah 7:3.

loveth gifts,] Ezekiel 22:12. Hosea 4:8. Micah 3:11.

judge not the fatherlesse,] Jeremiah 5:28. Zechariah 7:10.

Isaiah 1:24

the mightie One of Israel,] He calleth himself, the holy One of Israel, Vers. 4. when he hath to do with his Church; the mightie One of Israel, Chap. 49. 26. when with his adversaries; as able to over-master them, though never so strong, or so great, vers. 31.

ease me of mine adversaries,] Satisfie my minde by taking vengeance on them, Chap. 47. 14. Ezekiel 5:13. Hosea 10:10. which yet, because it is to his own people in covenant with him, he goeth about it with grief, Lamentations 3:33. Hosea 6:4. and Hosea 11:8.

avenge me] Jeremiah 5:9.

enemies] This people; whom I account now, not as children, Deuteronomy 32:5. 15. but as enemies, Chap. 63. 10. Luke 19:14; Luke 19:27.

Isaiah 1:25

I will turn my hand] He will do it, whose work it is to purifie mans heart, Proverbs 17:3. Deuteronomy 30:6. Ezekiel 36:25. Acts 15:9.

purely] Heb. according to purenesse.

purge away thy drosse,] By destroying the incorrigible wicked from among them. Vers. 31. Psalms 119:119. Ezekiel 20:38. and 22. 19-22. and by purging the residue. Chap. 4. 4. Jeremiah 6:19. and Jeremiah 9:7. Zechariah 13:8-9. Malachi 3:3. Proverbs 25:4.

Isaiah 1:26

restore thy judges] I will give thee such rulers, as at first thou hadst; such as Moses, Joshuah, David, &c. fulfilled in Zerubbabel, Nehemiah, &c.

The citie of righteousnesse,] A citie of righteousnesse, Jeremiah 31:23. and Jeremiah 50:7. as of truth, Zechariah 8:3. that is, a righteous city, as Leviticus 19:36. or, A citie of righteous ones, Chap. 4. 3. and 61. 21.

Isaiah 1:27

Zion shall be redeemed] Jerusalem, as vers. 8. the place put for the people, as vers. 1. These promises are added for the consolation of the faithfull, as Chap. 4. 2. and 10. 24. Jeremiah 3:14.

judgement] Executed upon the wicked, and upon the enemies of the Church, Chap. 4. 4. and 5. 16. and 34. 2.

her converts] Or, they that return of her, to wit, from captivitie. Ezra 6:21.

righteousnesse.] Faithfulnesse, in fulfilling his promises to his people, as Psal. 143. 1, 2. Chap. 51. 5, 6. and 56. 1. 1 John 1:9.

Isaiah 1:28

And] Or, But, as Chap. 29. 13.

the] They shall have no portion in Gods gracious promises, Chap. 65. 20. The drosse is destroyed, when the gold is refined, vers. 25. So Job 31:3. Psalms 1:6. and Psalms 5:6. and Psalms 37:20. and 73. 27. and 92. 9. and 104. 35.

destruction] Heb. breaking, Jeremiah 4:20. and Jeremiah 19:11.

Isaiah 1:29

they] Or, Ye, vers. 30.

the oakes] The trees and groves set apart to idolatrous servics, Chap. 57. 5. and 65. 3. Jeremiah 2:20. and Jeremiah 3:6. Ezekiel 20:28. forbidden, Deut. 12. 2, 3. and 16. 21.

have deired,] Or, delight in, as Chap. 2. 16. Jeremiah 22:28.

the gardens] Abused by the exercise of idolatry, Chap. 65. 3. and 66. 17.

Isaiah 1:30

For] Or, When, Genesis 4:12. Chap. 19. 20.

as an oak] Like one of those oaks, vers. 29. in winter time: stript of all your wealth and state. Chap. 28. 1. See Jeremiah 17:6. and Jeremiah 48:6. and the contrary. Psalms 1:3. Jeremiah 17:8.

whose leaf fadeth,] Heb. shedding her leaf.

as a garden] One of those gardens, vers. 29. when they want water in time of drought; wherein nothing thriveth, but all withereth away. Chap. 5. 13. and 10. 16. and 17. 4. Psalms 37:2. See the contrary, Psalms 1:3. Chap. 58. 11.

Isaiah 1:31

the strong] Either the strongest among you; and all that they can do, as Psal. 76. 5, 6. Amos 2. 14, 16. Or, Your strong idols, as ye esteem them; and those that make them, as Psalms 97:7. and Psalms 115:8.

as tow,] Jud. 15. 14. and 16. 9.

none shall quench them.] Chap. 34. 10. Jeremiah 17:27.