ἀποκρίνομαι apokrinomai 231x

to answer, Mt. 3:15; in NT to respond to certain present circumstances, to avow, Mt. 11:25

ἀπο-κρίνω,

[in LXX chiefly for ענה;] in cl.,

to separate, distinguish.

to choose. Mid., to answer: Mt 27:12, Mk 14:61, Lk 3:16 23:9, Jo 5:17, 19, Ac 3:12. In late Gk. the pass, also is used in this sense, and pass. forms are the more freq. in NT (M, Pr., 39, 161; MM, s.v.); in general sense: absol., Mk 12:34; c. acc. rei, Mt 22:46; c. dat. pers., Mt 12:38; seq. πρός, Ac 25:16;

Hebraistically like ענה, to begin to speak, take up the conversation (Kennedy, Sources, 124 f.): Mt 11:25, al.,

redundant, as in the Heb. phrase וַיַּעַן וַיּאֹמֶר (Dalman, Words, 24 f., 38; M, Pr., 14; Bl., § 58, 4; 74, 2; Cremer, 374): ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπε, Mt 4:4; ἔφη, 8:8; λέγει, Mk 3:33; in Jo most freq. (ἀπεκ. κ. εἶπε, 1:49.

ἀποκρίνομαι. Syil 928°? (Magnesia, early 11,8.6.) περὶ ταύτης τῆς] χώρας τῆς παρὰ IIpinvéwy ἀποκεκριμένης οὔσης shows the old ἀποκρίνω in passive. For the combination of pf. partic. and ὦν, cf. Col 12. In P Ryl II. 122" (a.p. 127) εἰς τὸ κἀμὲ δύνασθαι ἀποκριθῆναι τῶι δημοσίωι, ‘enabling me thus to fulfil my duties towards the Treasury” (Edd.), we have an , ἀποκρίνομαι isolated ex. of the passive aor. not meaning ‘‘answer.” This latter, so overwhelmingly predominant in NT, is rather surprisingly uncommon in the non-literary Kow#. Early inscriptional instances are Sy// 328" (8.6. 84) ἀπεκρίθην κα]λῶς [αὐτ]όν [τε δεδωἸκέναι kal KrA., 24. 307%! (B.C. 150-47) ἔδοξεν... τούτοις φιλανθρώπως ἀποκριθῆναι, 25. 9305: (B.C. 112), same phrase: the last two are senatus consulta, starting in Latin. Similarly the dialectic Sy// 654° (Ὁ ii/B.c.) ἀποκριθῆμεν τοῖς πρεσβευταῖς διότι KTA. Mayser, p. 379, pronounces it ‘‘die eigentliche kowvy-form,” but he only has five instances, P Par 3419 (B.c. 157), 35%° (B.c. 163), 15°5 (B.c. 120), P Leid Uiii-14 (ji/p.c.), and P Grenf I. 3714 (8.6. 108—éxp(@n for ἀπεκρ.): he cannot, however, quote any cases of ἀπεκρινάμην. On the other hand we cannot find any more instances of ἀπεκρίθην from later papyri, except P Lond ra2r®*® (iii/A.p.) (=I. p. 95), and two Christian documents, P Grenf 11. 112° (a Festal Epistle, a.p. 577 Ὁ) and PSI 261 (see Addenda) (v/A.D.—acts of a martyrdom). Since MGr ἀποκρίθηκα shows that it lived on, its disappearance in the post-Ptolemaic period outside NT is hard to explain. It is not, however, replaced by ἀπεκρινάμην, as to which subsequent information has antiquated the statement in Pro/eg. p. 161 f. (corrected in Einleztung p- 254 n.'). For the middle aorist occurs very often in papyri, but they are without exception legal reports, in which ἀπεκρείνατο (so usually—also ptc. or inf.) means “replied,” of an advocate or a party in a suit. The references had better be appended: P Hib I. 31:5" (ες. B.c. 270)... . ἀἸπεκρίνα[ro . . . , no context, but the whole document proves its connotation), P Amh IT. 6637 (a.p. 124), P Catti- 22 (= Chrest. Is jp: 219) (u/Asp:); Pt Oxy; 11: 237 vi 25.28 (Α Ὁ: Ὑ86) 76. 111. 653 (A.D. 162-3), BGU I. 114: 8 (ii/a.p.), 13615 (AD. 135), and 36r18622 (ji/a.p.), zd. ID. 388i 17.30 (ii/iti A.D.), 2b. IIT. 969126 (a.p. 142?). P Lips I. 321,56 (iii/A.D.), 7. 33 1. 16 and 365 (iv/A.D.), Chres¢. II. 78°(p. 86, A.D. 376-8), P Théad 144 (iv/A.p.) δι éppnvélws] ἀπεκρείvav[ro (in a procés verbal), BGU III. 93615 (a.p. 426), PSI 5233 (vi/a.p.) and 6138, 62%4 (early vii/A.D.)—all three πᾶσιν τοῖς πρὸς αὐτὸν (or -ὴν) ἐπιζητουμένοις ἀποκρίνασθαι. The only one that need be noted specially is P Giss I. 401. 8 (A.D. 212), where Caracalla says ἵνα μή τις στενότερον παρερμηνεύσῃ τὴν χάριτά pov ἐκ τῶν ῥηϊμά]των το[ῦ] προτέρου διατάγματος, ἐν ᾧ οὕτως ἀπεκρινάμην κτλ. This may represent 7escr7psz, but in any case we cannot miss the formal and weighty tone of the verb. We proceed to compare these facts with those of Biblical Greek. Thackeray tells us (G7. p. 239) that ἀπεκρίθην “is employed throughout the LXX: the classical ἀπεκρινάμην in the few passages where it occurs seems to be chosen as suitable for solemn or poetical language.” Such a passage as 3 Regn 21, the last charge of King David to his heir, might be compared with Caracalla’s use of the form. The fairly clear use in the fragment of a law report from P Hib above tells us that the legal use was already possible at the time when the LXX was growing. So we may take its meaning thrcughout as being (1) “uttered solemnly,” (2) “replied in a court of law.” These two meanings cover all the NT passages: (1) accounts for Lk 375, Jn 5779, Ac 332, (2) for Mt 2712, Mk 14%, Lk 23%, with Jn 5%! (N*) not far away. With the absence of ἀπεκρίθην from the Pauline and other Epistles, and the Apocalypse except for one passage, > , αποκρισις 65 we may compare the silence of the papyri after ii/B.c. We are inclined to suggest that the word belongs only to early Hellenistic, whence it was taken by the LXX translators to render a common Hebrew phrase, passing thence into the narrative parts of NT as a definite “" Septuagintalism.” From the Gospels and Acts it passed into ecclesiastical diction (cf. Reinhold, p. 77), and so ultimately into MGr. The contrast between the two halves of the NT will thus be parallel with that noted above under ᾷδης.

ἀποκρίνω (apokrinō) — to answer. ἀποκρίνω [ῑ], future -κρῐνῶ, set apart, probably in [Refs 7th c.BC+]:—passive, to be parted or separated, ἀποκρινθέντε parted from the throng (of two πρόμαχοι), [Refs 8th c.BC+]; of the elements in cosmogony, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀποκεκρίσθαι εἰς ἓν ὄνομα to be separated and brought under one name, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐ βεβαίως ἀπεκρίθησαν, of combatants, separated without decisive result, [Refs]

2. in Medicine texts in passive, to be distinctly formed, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of the embryo, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; τὰ ἐν τῷ σώματι -όμενα bodily secretions, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; but ἐς τοῦτο πάντα ἀπεκρίθη all illnesses determined or ended in this alone, [Refs 5th c.BC+]are voided, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

3. mark by a distinctive form, distinguish, πρύμνην[Refs 5th c.BC+]specific, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II. choose, ἕνα ὑμῶν ἀ. ἐξαίρετον[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ. τοῦ πεζοῦ, τοῦ στρατοῦ, choose from.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν having set apart, i.e. decreed, one of two, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.2. exclude, πλήθει τῶν ψήφων[Refs 5th c.BC+]

III. reject on examination, κρίνειν καὶ ἀ. [Refs]; ἀ. τινὰ τῆς νίκης decide that one has lost the victory, decide it against one, [Refs 4th c.BC+]:—middle, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

IV. middle, ἀποκρίνομαι, future -κρῐνοῦμαι, etc.: [Refs 5th c.BC+] uses perfect and pluperfect passive in middle sense, [Refs], etc., but also in passive sense (see. below):—give answer to, reply to question,[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ. πρός τινα, πρὸς τὸ ἐρωτώμενον, to a questioner or question, [Refs 5th c.BC+] to answer the question, [Refs 5th c.BC+] —passive, τοῦτό μοι ἀποκεκρίσθω let this be my answer, [Refs]; καλῶς ἄν σοι ἀπεκέκριτο your answer would have been sufficient, [Refs]

IV.2. answer charges, defend oneself, [Refs 5th c.BC+]the defendant, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀπεκρινάμην frequently in legal documents, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]

IV.3. aorist passive ἀπεκρίθη, ={ἀπεκρίνατο}, he answered, condemned by [Refs 2nd c.AD+], is unknown in earlier Attic dialect, except in [LXX+5th c.BC+] in solemn language, as [Refs] and prevails in “NT” especially in the phrase ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν[NT+5th c.BC+]future ἀποκριθήσομαι in same sense, [LXX+NT+2nd c.AD+]