01.01.01.17. CHAPTER XVII. OF A SYNECDOCHE OF THE PART
CHAPTER XVII. OF A SYNECDOCHE OF THE PART A SYNECDOCHE of the member, is when a member is put for an integer, or part for the whole, thus distinguished;
(1.) With respect to men.
(2.) Other things.
(3.) The common accident of things, viz., time.
(1.) In single men, the essential parts are put for the whole man; as the soul (XXXX Nephesh) for man, Genesis 12:5, Genesis 12:13; Genesis 17:14; Exodus 12:19; Psalms 3:2; Psalms 11:1; Psalms 25:13; Isaiah 58:5; Ezekiel 18:4; Luke 6:9; Acts 2:43, and many other places, &c. Sometimes it is said that the soul, may die or be killed, Numbers 23:10; Judges 16:30; Job 36:14; John 4:8, where the body must be understood. It is put for any brute, Genesis 1:24, (&c.) A body is put for man, Exodus 21:3, where the Hebrew is body; See Romans 12:1; 1 Corinthians 6:15. James 3:6. The integral parts of man, are put for the man or his body or flesh; Genesis 17:13; Psalms 16:9; Proverbs 14:30. See Acts 2:26, Acts 2:31; John 6:51, (which is expounded, Luke 22:19; 2 Corinthians 7:1.) Flesh is put for the whole man, Genesis 6:12; Luke 3:6; Romans 3:20. 1 Corinthians 1:29; for every living creature, Genesis 6:13, Genesis 6:17. Blood, is put for man, Psalms 94:21; Proverbs 1:11; Matthew 27:4; Acts 17:26. The head is put for man, Judges 5:30; 2 Kings 2:3; 2 Samuel 1:16; Acts 18:6. See other examples, Genesis 19:21; Matthew 13:16; Proverbs 8:13; Titus 1:12; Judges 5:30; Genesis 31:26, where the Hebrew is, "What hast thou done, that thou hast stolen away my heart?" when he meant himself, as Genesis 31:27, Chaldee, "Thou hast stole myself."
See Luke 21:34; Proverbs 1:16, and Proverbs 6:8; Isaiah 3:7; Romans 10:15, (&c.) The tribe of Ephraim is put for all Israel, Isaiah 7:2, Isaiah 7:5, Isaiah 7:8-9; Isaiah 9:9, because the royal seat, viz., Samaria was in it. So is Joseph (of whom Ephraim descended) Psalms 80:1; Psalms 81:5. See Amos 5:15, and Amos 6:6; Jeremiah 6:1. The general is put for the army; Exodus 17:13; Joshua 10:28, Joshua 10:40; 1 Samuel 18:7.
2. Part of a thing is put for the entire thing. As XXXX a field, for a land or country, Genesis 14:7; 1 Samuel 27:7. A corner for a tower, Zephaniah 1:16; Zephaniah 3:6; Ecclesiastes 10:4, because it has strong corners. The baptism of John, is put for his whole ministry, Acts 1:22; Acts 10:37, and Acts 18:25. (&c.) A nail for tents; because they are fastened with nails or stakes, Ecclesiastes 10:4.
Stones are put for the entire building, Psalms 102:14. The wall for a city, Amos 1:7, Amos 1:10, Amos 1:14, (with Amos 1:12,) and Amos 2:2, Amos 2:5. The gate, for a city, Genesis 22:17; Deuteronomy 12:12; Deuteronomy 14:27-29, and for the inhabitants, Rth 3:11, and Rth 4:10; Isaiah 14:31. A rafter is put for a roof, and consequently for a house, Genesis 19:8.
Part of time is put for time, either indefinite or certain. A year is put for time, Isaiah 61:2; Isaiah 63:4; Jeremiah 11:23. A day is put for time, Genesis 8:22; 2 Kings 20:1; Psalms 18:18; Matthew 2:1; Acts 5:36-37. A day is put for a year, when there is no addition of a numeral word, Genesis 40:4; Exodus 13:10; 1 Samuel 1:3; Leviticus 25:29; Judges 17:10; 1 Samuel 27:7. Yet Amos 4:4, three days signify three years with respect to the law, Deuteronomy 14:28. The Sabbath is put for the whole week, Luke 18:12. The morning for continued time, Psalms 73:14; Isaiah 33:2; Ecclesiastes 11:6; Lamentations 3:23.
Evening and morning are put for the whole day and night, Genesis 1:5, (&c.) An hour is put for time, John 4:25; John 5:25; John 16:2; John 17:1, And for a little space of time indefinitely, Galatians 2:5; 1 Thessalonians 2:17; Php 1:15.