Luke 19:45–20:19 — The Passion Week, part 2 « Leader information shown in this fashion »
A. Last Sunday, we looked at the start of the Passion week which began with the Christ’s triumphant entry into Jerusalem, which we understand to have happened on the first day of the week. Today’s study covers (approximately) Monday and the start of Tuesday, which was a very busy day, and the last day of Jesus’ public ministry.
B. Barren Fig Tree Cursed (as in, for example, Mark 11:12–14 NKJV) 12 Now the next day, when they had come out from Bethany, He was hungry. 13 And seeing from afar a fig tree having leaves, He went to see if perhaps He would find something on it. When He came to it, He found nothing but leaves, for it was not the season for figs. 14 In response Jesus said to it, “Let no one eat fruit from you ever again.” And His disciples heard it. « … Monday, a.m. »
C. Second Cleansing of the Temple, Luke 19:45–48 (NKJV; parallels are Matthew 21:12–13, Mark 11:15–18): 45 Then He went into the temple and began to drive out those who bought and sold in it, 46 saying to them, “It is written, ‘My house is a house of prayer,’ but you have made it a ‘den of thieves.’” 47 And He was teaching daily in the temple. But the chief priests, the scribes, and the leaders of the people sought to destroy Him, 48 and were unable to do anything; for all the people were very attentive to hear Him.
1. the parallel passages « — Jesus quotes Isaiah 56:7, Jeremiah 7:11 »
a. add after verse 45, … and overturned the tables of the money changers and the seats of those who sold doves. And He would not allow anyone to carry wares through the temple.
b. express verse 49 … all the people were astonished at His teaching.
2. the first cleansing took place in John 2:13–22 « — read this aloud »
a. this took place « — near the start of His ministry at Passover, the first of three Passover’s recorded in John (6:4, 13:1) »
b. Jesus’ sign for His authority was « — His death & resurrection that would take place at the end of His ministry »
D. At just about this time that John 12:20–50 takes place « — read aloud »
E. Barren Fig Tree Withered (as in, for example, Mark 11:19-21 NKJV) 19 When evening had come, He went out of the city. 20 Now in the morning, as they passed by, they saw the fig tree dried up from the roots. 21 And Peter, remembering, said to Him, “Rabbi, look! The fig tree which You cursed has withered away.” « — Monday p.m., Tuesday a.m. »
1. now, we come to where, once again, the
F. Rulers Question Jesus’ Authority, Luke 20:1–8 (NKJV; parallels are Matthew 21:23–27, Mark 11:27-33): 1 Now it happened on one of those days, as He taught the people in the temple and preached the gospel, that the chief priests and the scribes, together with the elders, confronted Him 2 and spoke to Him, saying, “Tell us, by what authority are You doing these things? Or who is he who gave You this authority?” 3 But He answered and said to them, “I also will ask you one thing, and answer Me: 4 The baptism of John — was it from heaven or from men?” 5 And they reasoned among themselves, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ He will say, ‘Why then did you not believe him?’ 6 But if we say, ‘From men,’ all the people will stone us, for they are persuaded that John was a prophet.” 7 So they answered that they did not know where it was from. 8 And Jesus said to them, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I do these things.” « — probably Tuesday »
1. in what was Jesus occupied? (remember our reading from John)
a. « in teaching the people (about God His Father) »
b. « in preaching the good news (of belief unto salvation) »
2. to what do the “these things” of the religious rulers refer?
a. « to his teaching and preaching »
b. « to His cleansing of the temple (as happened in John 2:18) »
3. the religious rulers could question in this fashion on the basis of Deuteronomy 13:1–5 (read this) — what was their motive? « — to have the basis and excuse to destroy Him, see 19:47 »
4. What are the implications of Jesus’ use of Baptist’s authority?
a. the religious rulers should « have made a decision on Baptist’s authority on the same terms as they now asked Jesus »
b. Baptist had « borne testimony to the coming Messiah and specifically to Jesus (John 1:29–34) »
c. If Baptist was « a prophet, then Jesus’ authority is confirmed »
5. what does their debate and response reveal about the hearts of the religious rulers?
a. « they were not interested in the truth »
b. « their question was merely a trap … one which had failed! »
6. Jesus further answers them by three parables; only one recorded in Luke, but we will look at them all
G. Parable of the Two Sons, Matthew 21:28–32 (NKJV): 28 “But what do you think? A man had two sons, and he came to the first and said, ‘Son, go, work today in my vineyard.’ 29 He answered and said, ‘I will not,’ but afterward he regretted it and went. 30 Then he came to the second and said likewise. And he answered and said, ‘I go, sir,’ but he did not go. 31 Which of the two did the will of his father?” They said to Him, “The first.” Jesus said to them, “Assuredly, I say to you that tax collectors and harlots enter the kingdom of God before you. 32 For John came to you in the way of righteousness, and you did not believe him; but tax collectors and harlots believed him; and when you saw it, you did not afterward relent and believe him.” «
1. note that one important fourth century manuscript (B) tells the story in reverse order with the response suitably changed; no earlier papyri contain these verses; Sinaiticus and Syriac are contemporary and disagree … no concensus among editors »
2. the word “regretted” (verse 29) and “relent” (verse 32) are the same as used of Judas’ remorse (Matthew 27:3) and the sorrow the Corinthians felt (2 Corinthians 7:8) but differs from “repent” which means a change of mind or purpose (as in Matthew 3:8, 2 Corinthians 7:9 … their sorrow led to repentance)
3. who did the agreeable son (”I go, sir”) represent? « — those who served with the lips, the Pharisees … see Isa 29:13, Matt 15:7–9 »
4. who did the rude son (”I will not”) represent? « — those who believed Baptist’s message; sorrow led to repentance »
5. who receives the reward of the Father? « — the repentant »
H. Parable of Wicked Vine-Dressers, Luke 20:9–19 (NKJV; parallels are Matthew 21:33–46, Mark 12:1–12): 9 Then He began to tell the people this parable: “A certain man planted a vineyard, leased it to vine-dressers, and went into a far country for a long time. 10 Now at vintage-time he sent a servant to the vine-dressers, that they might give him some of the fruit of the vineyard. But the vine-dressers beat him and sent him away empty-handed. 11 Again he sent another servant; and they beat him also, treated him shamefully, and sent him away empty-handed. 12 And again he sent a third; and they wounded him also and cast him out. 13 Then the owner of the vineyard said, ‘What shall I do? I will send my beloved son. Probably they will respect him when they see him.’ 14 But when the vine-dressers saw him, they reasoned among themselves, saying, ‘This is the heir. Come, let us kill him, that the inheritance may be ours.’ 15 So they cast him out of the vineyard and killed him. Therefore what will the owner of the vineyard do to them?” 16 “He will come and destroy those vine-dressers and give the vineyard to others.” And when they heard it they said, “Certainly not!” 17 Then He looked at them and said, “What then is this that is written: ‘The stone which the builders rejected Has become the chief cornerstone’? 18 Whoever falls on that stone will be broken; but on whomever it falls, it will grind him to powder.” 19 And the chief priests and the scribes that very hour sought to lay hands on Him, but they feared the people — for they knew He had spoken this parable against them.
1. the servants represent « — the prophets of God (Matthew 23:29ff, Hebrews 11:32ff) »
2. the vine-dressers represent « — those rejecting Christ; God used this figure for Israel in Isaiah 5:1–7, our scripture reading today. »
3. if you compare the three accounts of this parable, then you discover that verse 18 records answers by two groups of people (quotation marks added) « — why would some dispute the obvious answer? — because the implication is that Israel, or at least a part of it, would be set aside in favour of others (ie., the Gentiles) which was unthinkable to the Jews »
I. Parable of Prince’s Marriage-Feast, Matthew 22:1–14 (NKJV): 1 And Jesus answered and spoke to them again by parables and said: 2 “The kingdom of heaven is like a certain king who arranged a marriage for his son, 3 and sent out his servants to call those who were invited to the wedding; and they were not willing to come. 4 Again, he sent out other servants, saying, ‘Tell those who are invited, “See, I have prepared my dinner; my oxen and fatted cattle are killed, and all things are ready. Come to the wedding.”’ 5 But they made light of it and went their ways, one to his own farm, another to his business. 6 And the rest seized his servants, treated them spitefully, and killed them. 7 But when the king heard about it, he was furious. And he sent out his armies, destroyed those murderers, and burned up their city. 8 Then he said to his servants, ‘The wedding is ready, but those who were invited were not worthy. 9 ‘Therefore go into the highways, and as many as you find, invite to the wedding.’ 10 So those servants went out into the highways and gathered together all whom they found, both bad and good. And the wedding hall was filled with guests. 11 But when the king came in to see the guests, he saw a man there who did not have on a wedding garment. 12 So he said to him, ‘Friend, how did you come in here without a wedding garment?’ And he was speechless. 13 Then the king said to the servants, ‘Bind him hand and foot, take him away, and cast him into outer darkness; there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’ 14 For many are called, but few are chosen.”
1. the final lesson is that the kingdom of God is for
a. those « — who are invited and respond »
b. those « — who come in the fashion designed by the King »