Quick Definition
ἵστημι v. I cause to stand, stand
Strong's Definition
to stand (transitively or intransitively), used in various applications (literally or figuratively)
Derivation: a prolonged form of a primary (of the same meaning, and used for it in certain tenses);
KJV Usage: abide, appoint, bring, continue, covenant, establish, hold up, lay, present, set (up), stanch, stand (by, forth, still, up)
UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament
verb | fut. στήσω · 1aor. ἔστησα · 2aor. ἔστην · impv. στῆθι · inf. στῆναι · ptc. στάς · pf. ἕστηκα · inf. ἑστάναι · ptc. ἑστηκώς, ἑστώς · plpf. εἱστήκειν · fut.midd. στήσομαι · aor.pass. ἐστάθην · inf. σταθῆναι · ptc. σταθείς · fut.pass. σταθήσομαι | ἀκαταστασία · ἀκατάστατος · ἀνάστασις · ἀναστατόω · ἀνθίστημι · ἀνίστημι · ἀντικαθίστημι · ἀποκατάστασις · ἀποστασία · ἀποστάσιον · ἀρχοστασία · ἀστατέω · ἀφίσταμαι · διάστημα · διΐστημι · διχοστασία · ἔκστασις · ἐνίστημι · ἐξανάστασις · ἐξανίστημι · ἐξίστημι · ἐπανίσταμαι · ἐπίσταμαι · ἐπίστασις · ἐπιστάτης · ἐπιστήμων · εὐπερίστατος · ἐφίστημι · καθιστάνω · καθίστημι · κατάστημα · κατεφίστημι · μεθίστημι · μεταδίδωμι · μετάθεσις · παρίστημι · παριστάνω · περιΐστημι · προΐστημι · πρωτοστάτης · στάμνος · στασιαστής · στάσις · προστάτις · στάμνος · στασιαστής · στάσις · συνεφίστημι · συνίστημι · συστατικός · ὑπόστασις
85.40 · Existence in Space · Put, Place
to put, to place, to set, to make stand, to be there to cause to be in a place, with or without the accompanying feature of standing position ἵστημι[a] may very well imply a standing position, but what is in focus is not the stance but the location.
MAT 4:5 · MAT 18:2 · MAT 25:33 · MAT 27:11 · MRK 9:36 · LUK 4:9 · LUK 9:47 · JHN 8:3 · ACT 2:14 · ACT 4:7 · ACT 5:27 · ACT 6:6 · ACT 6:13 · ACT 22:30 · 1PE 5:12 · JUD 1:24
76.20 · Power, Force
to uphold, to maintain, to accept the validity of to acknowledge the validity of something
76.21 · Power, Force
to establish, to authorize, to put into force to establish as validated and in force In rendering this expression in HEB 10:9 it may be necessary to indicate what is involved in ‘the first’ and ‘the second.’ The contrast is between the OT system of sacrifices and the sacrifice of Christ.
57.158 · Possess, Transfer, Exchange · Pay, Price, Cost
to pay to pay, possibly in the sense of to weigh out or to count out a sum of money
30.87 · Think · To Choose, To Select, To Prefer
to select, to choose to propose or put forward a particular selection For another interpretation of ἵστημι in ACT 1:23, see 33.343.
33.343 · Communication · Recommend, Propose
to propose, to recommend to speak of someone or something as being well qualified or suited for a particular purpose For another interpretation of ἵστημι in ACT 1:23, see 30.87.
17.1 · (ἵσταμαι[a]; and 2nd aorist perfect, pluperfect active) · Stances and Events Related to Stances · Stand
to stand to be in a standing position
MAT 6:5 · MAT 12:46 · MAT 12:47 · MAT 13:2 · MAT 27:47 · MRK 13:9 · LUK 6:17 · LUK 7:14 · LUK 7:38 · LUK 17:12 · LUK 18:11 · LUK 18:40 · LUK 19:8 · LUK 21:36 · LUK 23:10 · LUK 23:35 · LUK 24:17 · LUK 24:36 · JHN 1:35 · JHN 18:16 · JHN 18:18 · JHN 18:18 · JHN 18:25 · JHN 19:25 · ACT 1:11 · ACT 5:25 · ACT 7:33 · ACT 9:7 · ACT 11:13 · ACT 16:9 · ACT 17:22 · ACT 25:18 · JAS 2:3 · REV 3:20 · REV 5:6 · REV 7:1 · REV 7:9 · REV 7:11 · REV 8:2 · REV 8:3 · REV 10:5 · REV 10:8 · REV 11:4 · REV 12:18 · REV 14:1 · REV 15:2 · REV 18:10 · REV 18:15 · REV 18:17 · REV 19:17 · REV 20:12
17.6 · (ἵσταμαι[b]; and 2nd aorist perfect, pluperfect active) · Stances and Events Related to Stances · Stand
to stand up to assume a standing position In the context of JHN 7:37 Jesus has been teaching and thus would be presumably in the seated position of a rabbi, but the unusual declaration which follows this introductory statement is made somewhat more emphatic not only by Jesus standing but by his proclamation in a loud voice.
LUK 6:8 · LUK 6:8 · JHN 7:37 · ACT 3:8 · ACT 5:20 · ACT 25:18 · ACT 26:16 · ACT 27:21 · REV 11:11
85.8 · (ἵσταμαι[c]; and 2nd aorist active) · Existence in Space · Be in a Place
to be to be in a location, with the possible implication of standing but with the focus upon location
MAT 2:9 · MAT 16:28 · MAT 20:3 · MAT 20:6 · MAT 20:6 · MAT 24:15 · MAT 26:73 · MRK 9:1 · MRK 11:5 · MRK 13:14 · LUK 1:11 · LUK 5:1 · LUK 5:2 · LUK 8:20 · LUK 9:27 · LUK 13:25 · LUK 18:13 · LUK 23:49 · JHN 3:29 · JHN 6:22 · JHN 11:56 · JHN 12:29 · JHN 18:5 · JHN 20:11 · JHN 20:14 · JHN 20:19 · JHN 20:26 · JHN 21:4 · ACT 4:14 · ACT 5:20 · ACT 5:23 · ACT 7:55 · ACT 7:56 · ACT 10:30 · ACT 12:14 · ACT 21:40 · ACT 22:25 · ACT 24:20 · ACT 24:21 · ACT 25:10 · ACT 26:6
68.42 · (ἵσταμαι[d]) · Aspect · Cease, Stop
to cease, to stop to cease, in reference to some type of movement
13.90 · (ἵσταμαι[e]) · Be, Become, Exist, Happen · Exist
to continue, to continue to be, to keep on existing to continue to exist, with the probable implication of some resistance involved In a number of languages, however, it may be preferable to translate οὐ σταθήσεται in MAT 12:25 as ‘will come to ruin’ or ‘will be destroyed.’
MAT 12:25 · MAT 12:26 · MRK 3:24 · MRK 3:25 · MRK 3:26 · REV 6:17
13.29 · (ἵσταμαι[f]; and 2nd aorist perfect, pluperfect active) · Be, Become, Exist, Happen · State
to firmly remain, to continue steadfastly to continue firmly or well-established in a particular state
LUK 11:18 · JHN 8:44 · ACT 26:22 · ROM 5:2 · ROM 11:20 · ROM 14:4 · 1CO 10:12 · 1CO 15:1 · 2CO 1:24 · EPH 6:11 · EPH 6:13 · EPH 6:14 · COL 4:12
31.7 · (ἵσταμαι[g]) · Hold a View, Believe, Trust · Have an Opinion, Hold a View
Collocation: ἵσταμαι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ
to keep on being of an opinion, to remain with an opinion, to continue in one’s views (an idiom, literally: to stand at the heart) to continue to have an opinion
1 MAT 26:15 It is possible to interpret ἵστημι in MAT 26:15 as meaning only ‘to offer,’ but in view of the statement in MAT 27:3 (see 57.157) it is evident that the money was actually paid rather than merely offered, though the actual payment could have occurred after the betrayal. 2 ἵσταμαι[a] and στήκω[a] would seem to differ only in terms of linguistic level or register, since στήκω was a new formation and probably somewhat more colloquial.
UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament © United Bible Societies, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.
Thayer's Greek Lexicon
ἵστημι, more rarely ἱστάω ([({ν. Hdt. down; cf. Veitch s. v.)] ἱστῶμεν, Ro. iii. 31 RG) and ἱστάνω ([(late; cf. Veitch s. v.)] ἱστάνομεν, Ro. iii. 31 LT Tr WH), [ef. B. 44 (38) sq.; W. § 14, 1f.; 87 (83); WH. App. p. 168; Veitch p. 337 sq. |; fut. στήσω; 1 aor. ἔστησα; 2 aor. ἔστην; impv. στῆθι, inf. στῆναι, ptep. στάς ; pf. ἔστηκα [with pres. force; W. 274 (257)], inf. ἑστάναι [15 }2 5 νες G Tr -avae in Acts xii. 14] (nowhere ἑστηκέναι), ptep. mase. ἑστηκώς with neut. ἑστηκός, and in the shorter form ἑστώς, ἑστῶσα (Jn. viii. 9), with neut. ἑστώς and (LT Tr WH in Mt. xxiv. 15 [here R
Mounce Concise Greek Dictionary
ἵστημι histēmi 154x
pluperfect, ἑστάμην, also formed as στήκω 10x, trans. to make to stand, set, place, Mt. 4:5; to set forth, appoint, Acts 1:23; to fix, appoint, Acts 17:31; to establish, confirm, Rom. 10:3; Heb. 10:9; to set down, impute, Acts 7:60; to weigh out, pay, Mt. 26:15; intrans. to stand, Mt. 12:46; to stand fast, be firm, be permanent, endure, Mt. 12:25; Eph. 6:13; to be confirmed, proved, Mt. 18:16; 2 Cor. 13:1; to stop, Lk. 7:14; 8:44; Acts 8:38
Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon
ἵστημι, and in late writers, also ἱστάνω (Veitch, s.v.; Bl., § 23, 2; M, Pr., 55), [in LXX chiefly for עמד, קוּם, also for נצב ni., hi., יצב hith., etc.].
Trans, in pres., impf., fut. and 1 aor. act. and in the tenses of the pass. to make to stand, to place, set, set up, establish, appoint: c. acc. pers., Mk 7:9, Ac 1:23 6:13 17:31, He 10:9; id. seq. ἐπί, c. acc. loc., Mt 4:5, Lk 4:9; ἐν μέσῳ, Mt 18:2, Mk 9:36, Jo 8:[3]; ἐνώπιον, Ac 6:6; παρ’ ἑαυτῷ, Lk 9:47; ἐκ δεξιῶν, Mt 25:33; mid., to place oneself, to stand: Re 18:15; so also pass., to be made to stand, to stand: Mt 2:9, Lk 11:18 19:8, II Co 13:1, al.
to set in a balance, to weigh (cl.; LXX for שׁקל, Is 46:6, al.): Mt 26:15.
Intrans., in pf., plpf. (with sense of pres. and impf.; M, Pr., 147 f.) and 2 aor. act., to stand, stand by, stand still: Mt 20:32 26:73, Mk 10:49, Lk 8:44, Jo 1:35 3:29, Ac 16:9, al.; seq. ἐν, Mt 6:5, al.; ἐνώπιον, Ac 10:30, al.; πρός, c. dat. loc., Jo 18:16; ἐπί, c. gen. loc., Lk 6:17, Ac 5:23 25:10, al.; ἔμπροσθεν, Mt 27:11; κύκλῳ, Re 7:11; ἐκ δεξιῶν, Lk 1:11; ἐπί, c. acc., Mt 13:2, Re 3:20; παρά, Lk 5:2; ἐκεῖ, Mk 11:5; ὧδε, Mk 9:1; ὅπου, Mk 13:14; ἔξω, Mt 12:46; μακρόθεν, Lk 18:13; πόρρωθεν, Lk 17:12. Metaph., to stand ready, stand firm, be steadfast: I Co 7:37 10:12, Eph 6:11, 13, 14, Col 4:12; τ. πίστει, Ro 11:20; ἐν τ. ἀληθείᾳ, Jo 8:44; ἐν τ. χάριτι, Ro 5:2; ἐν τ. εὐαγγελίῳ, I Co 15:1 (cf. ἀν-, ἐπ-ἀν-, ἐξ-ἀν, ἀνθ-, ἀφ-, δι-, ἐν-, ἐξ-, ἐπ- (-μαι), ἐφ-, κατ-εφ-, συν-εφ-, καθ-, ἀντι-καθ-, ἀπο-καθ-, μεθ-, παρ-, περι-, προ-, συν-ίστημι).
Moulton & Milligan — Vocabulary of the Greek NT
Liddell-Scott-Jones — Greek-English Lexicon
ἵστημι (histēmi) — to stand. ἵστημι (compare ἱστάω, ἱστάνω),
I. causal, make to stand, imperative ἵστη [Refs 8th c.BC+]imperfect ἵστην, Epic dialect ἵστασκε [Refs 8th c.BC+]; 3rd.pers. plural ἵσταν [Refs 5th c.BC+]future στήσω, Doric dialect στᾱσῶ [Refs 3rd c.BC+]: aorist 1 ἔστησα, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural ἔστᾰσαν for ἔστησαν uncertain in [Refs 8th c.BC+]: aorist 1 middle ἐστησάμην (never intransitive)[Refs 4th c.BC+]: perfect ἕστᾰκα [LXX+5th c.BC+]; also ἕστηκα (see. below) in transitive sense, (δι-) [LXX+4th c.BC+] [same place]; ἑστακεῖα transitive in [Refs]
II. intransitive, stand,
II.1. active, aorist 2 ἔστην, Epic dialect στάσκον [Refs 8th c.BC+]; 3rd.pers. plural ἔστησαν, more frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; imperative στῆθι, Doric dialect στᾶθι [Refs 7th c.BC+]subjunctive στῶ, Epic dialect [Refs 8th c.BC+]; 1st pers. plural στέωμεν (as disyllable)[Refs]; optative σταῖεν, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. plural σταίησαν [Refs]; infinitive στῆναι, Epic dialect στήμεναι [Refs 8th c.BC+], Doric dialect στᾶμεν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; participle στάς: perfect ἕστηκα: pluperfect ἑστήκειν, sometimes with strengthened augment εἱστήκειν, as [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Ionic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ἑστήκεε [Refs 8th c.BC+]perfect are preferred, ἕστᾰτον, ἕστᾰμεν, ἕστᾰτε, ἑστᾶσι [Refs 6th c.BC+]; imperative ἕστᾰθι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; subjunctive ἑστ; optative ἑσταίη; infinitive ἑστάναι, Epic dialect ἑστάμεν, ἑστάμεναι (ἑστηκέναι only late, as [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; participle ἑστώς (ἑστηκώς rare in early Gr., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; but συνεστηκυιῶν probably in [Refs 5th c.BC+] frequently variant as in [Refs 5th c.BC+]; genitive ἑστῶτο; Ionic dialect ἑστεώς, ἑστεός, ῶτο; Epic dialect ἑστηώς [Refs 8th c.BC+]; dative plural ἑστηῶσι conjecture in [Refs 8th c.BC+]pluperfect ἑστάτην, ἕστᾰμεν, ἕστᾰτε, ἕστᾰσαν: late present ἑστήκω, formed from perfect, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]: hence, future ἑστήξω [Refs 8th c.BC+]
II.2. passive, ἵσταμαι: imperative ἵστασο [Refs 8th c.BC+]imperfect ἱστάμην: future στᾰθήσομαι [Refs 8th c.BC+]: aorist ἐστάθην [Refs 8th c.BC+]; rarely ἔστην, Doric dialect 3rd.pers. singular ἔσστα [Refs 5th c.BC+]perfect ἕσταμαι [Refs 5th c.BC+] sthā-, cf. Sanskrit sthā- (aorist á-sthā-t), Latin stare, etc.; Gr. reduplicate present and perfect from si-sthā-, se-sthā-.) __A Causal, make to stand, set up, πελέκεας ἑξείης [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔγχος μέν ῥ᾽ ἔστησε φέρων πρὸς κίονα he set it against the pillar,[Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἱ. ἱστόν set up the loom, or raise the mast (see. ἱστός [Refs]; κρητῆρας στήσασθαι to have bowls set up, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; θεοῖς.. κρητῆρα στήσασθαι in honour of the gods, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; στῆσαί τινα ὀρθόν, στ. ὀρθὰν καρδίαν, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; στῆσαι λόγχας, for battle, [Refs]; especially raise buildings, statues, trophies, etc., ἱ. ἀνδριάντα [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἱ. τινὰ χαλκοῦν set him up in brass, raise a brazen statue to him, [Refs 4th c.BC+] (so in perfect, stand, οὗτος ἕστηκε λίθινος [Refs 5th c.BC+]:—passive, σφυρήλατος ἐν Ὀλυμπία στάθητι [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.II set, place, of things or persons, τρίποδ᾽ ἔστασαν ἐν πυρί [Refs 8th c.BC+]; fix, τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς εἰς τὴν γῆν [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; especially set men in order or array, πεζοὺς δ᾽ ἐξόπιθε στῆσεν [Refs 8th c.BC+] __A.III bring to a standstill, stay, check, λαὸν δὲ στῆσον [Refs 8th c.BC+]; νέας, ἵππους, ἡμιόνους στῆσαι, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; μύλην στῆσαι to stop the mill, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; στῆσε δ᾽ ἐν Ἀμνισῷ (i.e. νῆα)[Refs 4th c.AD+]; στῆσαι τὴν φάλαγγα halt it, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; στ. τὰ ὄμματα fix them, of a dying man, [Refs]; στ. τὸ πρόσωπον compose the countenance, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰς κοιλίας Philotim. cited in [Refs 4th c.BC+]:—middle, ἱστάμενος τῷ νοσήματι [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.III.2 set on foot, stir up, κονίης.. ἱστᾶσιν ὀμίχλην [Refs 8th c.BC+]; of battle, etc., φυλόπιδα στήσειν stir up strife, [Refs 8th c.BC+] the fray is on foot, [Refs 8th c.BC+] —also in middle, στησάμενοι δ᾽ ἐμάχοντο[Refs 8th c.BC+] arises, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also of passions and states of mind, μῆνιν, ἐλπίδα στῆσαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.III.3 set up, appoint, τινὰ βασιλέα [Refs 5th c.BC+]:—middle, ἐστάσαντο τύραννον [Refs 7th c.BC+]:—passive, ὁ ὑπὸ Δαρείου σταθεὶς ὕπαρχος [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.III.4 establish, institute, χορούς, παννυχίδα, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; στῆσαι χορόν, Ὀλυμπιάδα, ἑορτάν, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐχ ὑγιῶς ἱστάμενος λόγον setting up a bad argument, [Refs 1st c.AD+]:—passive, ἀγορὴ ἵσταταί τινι [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.III.5 = Latin statuere, determine, γνῶναι καὶ στῆσαι [Refs 1st c.BC+]:—passive, τὰ ὑπό τινος σταθέντα [Refs 1st c.AD+]; τὰ ἑσταμένα Wilcken [Refs 2nd c.BC+] __A.III.6 fix by agreement, ὁ σταθεὶς τόκος [Refs 1st c.BC+]; τὸ ἑσταμένον ἐνοίκιον [Refs 3rd c.AD+] __A.III.7 bring about, cause, ἀμπνοάν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; στῆσαι δύσκηλον χθόνα make its case desperate, [Refs 4th c.BC+] __A.IV place in the balance, weigh, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; [ἐκπώματα] [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἱστάναι τι πρὸς ἀργύριον weigh a thing against silver, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀγαθὸς ἱστάναι good at weighing, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ ἐγγὺς καὶ τὸ πόρρω στήσας ἐν τῷ ζυγῷ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπὶ τὸ ἱστάναι ἐλθεῖν have recourse to the scales, [Refs 5th c.BC+]:—passive, ἵστασθαι ἐπὶ ζυγοῦ [Refs 2nd c.AD+]weighed, [Refs 3rd c.BC+] __A.IV.2 weigh out, pay, [LXX+NT] __B passive and intransitive tenses of active, to be set or placed, stand, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀντίοι ἔσταν, ἐναντίοι ἔστησαν, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: proverbial of critical circumstances, ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς [Refs 8th c.BC+], to be in a certain place or state, ἀργύρεοι σταθμοὶ ἐν χαλκέῳ ἕστασαν οὐδῷ [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἑστάτω for ἔστω, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ νῦν ἑστῶτα,= τὰ νῦν, [Refs] adverb, ξυμφορᾶς ἵν᾽ ἕσταμεν, ἵν᾽ ἕστ. χρείας, in what case or need we are, [Refs]; ποῦ τύχης ἕστηκε; [Refs]; later also ἀδίκως, ὀρθῶς, εὐλαβῶς ἵστασθαι, behave wrongly, etc., [Refs 2nd c.BC+] __B.2 take up an intellectual attitude, ὡς ἵστασθαι δεῖ περὶ χρημάτων κτήσεως [Refs 1st c.BC+]; οὐκ ὀρθῶς ἵ. [Refs] __B.3 in pregnant sense, στῆναι ἐς.. [Refs 8th c.BC+] those who did not face the danger, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.II stand still, halt, ἀλλ᾽ ἄγε δὴ στέωμεν [Refs 8th c.BC+], etc.; stand idle, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἑστάναι to be stationary, opposed to κινεῖσθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐ μὴν ἐνταῦθ᾽ ἕστηκε τὸ πρᾶγμα does not rest here, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἐὰν ἡ κοιλία στῇ if the bowels are constipated, [Refs 4th c.BC+]: with participle, οὐ στήσεται ἀδικῶν [Refs 4th c.BC+]; come to a stop, rest satisfied, ἄν τις ὀρθῶς ἐπιβάλῃ, ἔπειτα σταθῇ [Refs 4th c.BC+] there is a stop, one comes to a stop, [Refs 4th c.BC+] __B.II.2 metaphorically, stand firm, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of arguments or propositions, hold good, [Refs 5th c.BC+]participle, ἑστηκώς fixed, stable, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; λογισμὸς ἑστὼς καὶ νουνεχής [Refs 2nd c.BC+] adverb ἑστηκότως, opposed to στοχαστικῶς[Refs 2nd c.BC+]; ἑστηκότα θεωρήματα, ἑστηκότες σκοποί, [Refs 1st c.BC+]; of age, ἑστηκυῖα ἡλικία [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τιμαὶ ἑστηκυῖαι fixed prices, PTeb.unpublished[Refs] __B.III to be set up or upright, stand up, rise up, κρημνοὶ ἕστασαν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; of a horse, ἵστασθαι ὀρθός to rear, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἵστασθαι βάθρων from the steps, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.III.2 to be set up, erected, or built, στήλη, ἥ τ᾽ ἐπὶ τύμβῳ ἑστήκῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+]; see above [Refs 4th c.BC+] __B.III.3 generally, arise, begin, ἵστατο νεῖκος [Refs 8th c.BC+] __B.III.4 in marking Time, ἔαρος νέον ἱσταμένοιο when spring is not long begun, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἕβδομος ἑστήκει μείς the seventh month was begun, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δ᾽ ἱσταμένοιο as one month ends and the next begins, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; later μὴν ἱστάμενος, μεσῶν, φθίνων, first in [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.III.5 to be appointed, στῆναι ἐς ἀρχήν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; see above [Refs 4th c.BC+]