Personal Pronouns

Personal Pronouns
§ 1. In their full form the Personal pron. are employed only in the Nom. case. In the oblique cases (Gen., Acc.) they are attached in the form of suffixes to other words. On the Cases, cf. § 18, Gr. § 17.
When a pron. in the oblique case is repeated for the sake of emphasis, it is put in the absolute form. Gen. as suff. 1 Kings 21:19 ‏דָּמְךָ גַּם אַתָּה‎ thine own blood. 2 Samuel 17:5 ‏מַה־בְּפִיו גַּם־הוּא‎ what is in his mouth also. Numbers 14:32, 2 Samuel 19:1, Jeremiah 27:7, Ezekiel 23:43, Psalms 9:6, Proverbs 23:15. Or gen. with prep. 1 Samuel 25:24 ‏בִּי־אֲנִי הֶֽעָוֹן‎ on me be the guilt. 1 K. I. 26, Ezra 7:21. In the acc. Genesis 27:34 ‏בָּֽרֲכֵנִי גַם־אָנִי‎ bless me too. Proverbs 22:19. So when emphasis falls on noun in the oblique case. Genesis 4:26 ‏לְשֵׁת גַּם־הוּא‎ to Seth also. Genesis 10:21.—Cf. these exx. Gen, Genesis 30:20; Genesis 41:10, 1 Chronicles 23:13.
Rem. 1. Occasionally oblique case has full form. 2 Kings 9:18 ‏עַד הֵם‎ if reading right, cf. 2 Kings 9:20. Nehemiah 4:23 ‏אֵין אֲנִי‎ the pron. being co-ordinated with the following nouns. Cases like Isaiah 18:2 are different, ‏מִן־הוּא‎ being = ‏מֵֽאֲשֶׁר הוא‎ (‏היה‎) since it was. Nahum 2:8 ‏מִימֵי הִיא‎ = ‏מִימֵי אשׁר היא‎ since the days she was, i.e. all her days, cf. 2 Kings 7:7. Such a sense is usually ‏מִיָּמֶיהָ‎ (1 Samuel 25:28, 1 Kings 1:6, Job 27:6; Job 38:12), and the text is doubtful. Jeremiah 46:5 ‏הֵמָּה הַתִּים‎ is a clause, ‏הַתִּים‎ pred. and ‏המה‎ subj., though the consn. is more usual with finite form than with ptcp. Judges 9:48, 2 Samuel 21:4, Lamentations 1:1, Nehemiah 13:23. Psalms 89:47 ‏אני‎ stands for emphasis first: remember, I, what transitoriness! But Psalms 89:51. In 1 Chronicles 9:22 ‏הֵמָּה‎ seems really obj. to verb as in Aram. Ezra 5:12. So Moab. Stone, 1:18.
Rem. 2. When 3 p. pr. is used neuterly for it, it may be mas. or fem. In Pent., where ‏הוא‎ is common, the gend. is matter of pointing, Exodus 1:16; and everywhere the pron. is apt by attraction to take the gend. of pred., Deuteronomy 4:6; Deuteronomy 30:20, Ezekiel 10:15, Psalms 73:16, Job 31:11, Jeremiah 10:3. The fem., however, is usual when pron. refers back to some action or circumstance just spoken of, particularly if suff., Joshua 10:13, Judges 14:4, Genesis 24:14 ‏וּבָהּ אֵדַע‎ and thereby (the circumstance) shall I know. Isaiah 47:7 ‏לא זָכַרְתְּ אַֽחֲרִיתָהּ ‎ thou thoughtest not on the issue of it (the conduct described). Genesis 42:36; Genesis 47:26, Exodus 10:11, Numbers 14:41; Numbers 23:19, 1 Samuel 11:2, 1 Kings 11:12. So the verb, Judges 11:39 ‏וַתְּהִי חֺק‎ and it became a rule. Isaiah 7:7; Isaiah 14:24.
Rem. 3. By a common gramm. negligence the mas. pron., esp. as suff., is used of fem. subjects. Isaiah 3:16 ‏וּבְרַגְלֵיהֶם תְּעַכַּסְנָה‎ make a tinkling with their feet. Genesis 26:15; Genesis 31:9; Genesis 32:16; Genesis 33:13, Exodus 1:21, Numbers 27:7, 1 Samuel 6:7, 1 Samuel 6:10, Amos 4:1, Rth_1:8, Rth_1:22, Son_4:2; Son_6:8.
§ 2. The oblique cases of the Pers. pron. appear in the form of suffixes to nouns, verbs, and particles. (a) Suffixes to nouns are in gen., and are equivalent to our possessive pron. Genesis 4:1 ‏אִשְׁתּוֹ‎ his wife, Genesis 4:10 ‏אָחִיךָ‎ thy brother. This gen. is usually gen. of subj., as above, but may be gen. of obj., Genesis 16:5 ‏חֲמָסִי‎ my wrong (that done me). Genesis 18:21. Cf. § 23, R. 1.
If several nouns be coupled by and, suff. must be repeated with each. Deuteronomy 32:19 ‏בָּנָיו וּבְנֹתָיו‎ his sons and daughters. Genesis 38:18 ‏חֹתָֽמְךָ וּפְתִֽילְךָ וּמַטְּךָ‎ thy seal and string and staff. Exceptions are very rare even in poetry. Exodus 15:2, 2 Samuel 23:5.
The suff. of prep. and other particles, which are really nouns, must also be considered in gen. Genesis 3:17 ‏בַּֽעֲבוּרֶךָ‎ for thy sake, Genesis 39:10 ‏אֶצְלָהּ‎ beside her (at her side).
(b) The verbal suff. is in acc. of direct obj. Genesis 3:13 ‏הַנָּחָשׁ הִשִּׁיאַנִי‎ the serpent beguiled me. Genesis 4:8 ‏וַיַּֽהַרְגֵהוּ‎ and slew hint. See § 73, R. 4. The suff. to ‏אֵת‎ is also acc. Genesis 40:4 ‏וַיְשָׁרֶת אֺתָם‎ he served them. Genesis 41:10.
§ 3. The adj. being but feebly developed the relation of a noun to its material, quality, and the like is often expressed by the gen. ‏הַר קֺדֶשׁ‎ hill of holiness, holy hill. In such cases the suff. is gen. to the whole expression. Psalms 2:6 ‏הַר קָדְשִׁי‎ my holy-hill. Isaiah 2:20 ‏אֱלִילֵי זְהָבוֹ‎ his idols-of-gold. Isaiah 13:3; Isaiah 30:22-23; Isaiah 53:5. On constructions like Leviticus 6:10 ‏מִדּוֹ בַד‎ his linen garment, see Nomin. Appos.
The noun with suff., forming a definite expression, the qualifying adj. has the Art. Genesis 43:29 ‏הֲזֶה אֲחִיכֶם הַקָּטֺן‎ is this your youngest brother.
Rem. 1. The suff. to some particles which have a certain verbal force, as ‏הִנֵּה‎ behold, ‏יֵשׁ‎ there is, ‏אַיִן‎ there is not, ‏עוֹד‎ still, are partly verbal in form (Gr. § 49). But suff. of 1st pers. is ‏בְּעוֺדִי‎ in the sense while I have being; Psalms 104:33; Psalms 146:2, and ‏מֵֽעוֺדִי‎ since I had being, Genesis 48:15 (Numbers 22:30). In ordinary sense Psalms 139:18.
Rem. 2. These uses of the suff. are to be noted. Exodus 2:9 ‏אֶתֵּן את־שְׂכָרֵךְ‎ I will give thy hire, i.e. give thee hire. Genesis 30:18, Judges 4:9 ‏לא תִֽהְיֶה תִּפְאַרְתִּךָ‎ the glory shall not be thine. Genesis 39:21 ‏וַיִּתֵּן חִנּןֹ‎ gave him favour. Ezekiel 27:15 rendered thee tribute. Numbers 12:6, text doubtful. Psalms 115:7? Job 6:10, Hosea 2:6 (her wall = a wall against her).
Rem. 3. 1 Samuel 30:17 ‏לְמָֽחֳרָתָם‎ their following day, the use of suff. is unique in Heb., though something analogous is common in Ar. The text is dubious.