G5590: ψυχή (psychḗ)

G5590 ψυχή (psychḗ)

Greek 📖 Word Study

Quick Definition

ψυχή, ῆς, ἡ n.f. the soul, life, self

Strong's Definition

from 5594; breath, i.e. (by implication) spirit, abstractly or concretely (the animal sentient principle only; thus distinguished on the one hand from 4151, which is the rational and immortal soul; and on the other from 2222, which is mere vitality, even of plants: these terms thus exactly correspond respectively to the Hebrew 5315, 7307 and 2416)

KJV Usage: heart (+ -ily), life, mind, soul, + us, + you

UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament

ψυχή (G5590)

noun, f. | -ῆς | ψύχομαι

26.4 · Psychological Faculties

inner self, mind, thoughts, feelings, heart, being the essence of life in terms of thinking, willing, and feeling It is also possible to render ψυχή in PHP 1:27 as ‘purpose’ or ‘desire,’ for ψυχή focuses upon the total psychological being involved in struggling for the faith.
ψυχή[a] is often glossed as ‘heart’ or ‘desire.’ Compare the following: περίλυπός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή μου ἕως θανάτου ‘my heart is sorrowful even to the point of death’ MAT 26:38; ἵνα μὴ κάμητε ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν ἐκλυόμενοι ‘so do not let your hearts become discouraged and give up’ HEB 12:3 (for ψυχή in the idiom κάμνω τῇ ψυχῇ, see 25.291); ἀλλ ὡς δοῦλοι Χριστοῦ ποιοῦντες τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκ ψυχῆς ‘but with all your heart, do what God wants, as slaves of Christ’ EPH 6:6. In these passages, however, ψυχή refers really to the entire being of a person, so that MAT 26:38 may very well be rendered as ‘my sorrow is so great it almost kills me.’ HEB 12:3 may also be rendered as ‘so do not let yourselves be discouraged and give up,’ and EPH 6:6 may be appropriately rendered as ‘but with your whole being, do what God wants, as slaves of Christ.’
The meaning of ψυχή in the sense of the person as an individual is treated under ψυχή[c] (9.20) as, for example, in MAT 11:29 (εὑρήσετε ἀνάπαυσιν ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν ‘you will find rest for yourselves’).
Even in those contexts in which ψυχή refers to existence beyond death, it may be referring figuratively to the person. For example, in ACT 2:27 (οὐκ ἐγκαταλείψεις τὴν ψυχήν μου εἰς ᾅδην one may translate ‘you will not abandon my soul to Hades’ or ‘you will not abandon me to the grave.’
It is important to distinguish ψυχή[a], signifying a psychological faculty, from ψυχή[b], meaning ‘physical life, life principle’ (23.88). Note, for example, the occurrence of ψυχή[b] in HEB 4:12 (διϊκνούμενος ἄχρι μερισμοῦ ψυχῆς καὶ πνεύματος ‘it cuts all the way through to where physical life and spirit meet’). Note also the occurrence of ψυχή[b] in 1TH 5:23 αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης ἁγιάσαι ὑμᾶς ὁλοτελεῖς, καὶ ὁλόκληρον ὑμῶν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα ἀμέμπτως ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τηρηθείη ‘may the God who gives us peace make you holy in every way and keep your whole being - spirit, life, and body - free from all fault at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ’).
In certain contexts ψυχή would appear to be in contrast with καρδία (26.3) and διάνοια (26.14) as, for example, in MAT 22:37 ἀγαπήσεις κύριον τὸν θεόν σου ἐν ὅλω τῇ καρδίᾳ σου καὶ ἐν ὅλω τῇ ψυχῇ σου καὶ ἐν ὅλω τῇ διανοίᾳ σου ‘you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and soul and mind’). Because of the three terms, some have insisted that there must be at least three quite different parts of human personality. Others, however, have concluded that instead of being three parts of personality, these are only three different perspectives which one may employ in thinking about or describing human personality. Still others would contend that the use of the three terms, καρδία, ψυχή and διάνοια, only emphasizes the totality of human personality, and no clear-cut distinctions can possibly be made. Certainly the referents involve considerable overlapping. One could translate with complete justification MAT 22:37 as ‘you shall love the Lord with all your heart and life and mind.’ In fact, in many languages it is impossible to distinguish between καρδία, ψυχή, and διάνοια, and therefore it may be necessary to translate as ‘you shall love the Lord your God with all that you desire and with all that you think’ or ‘you must love the Lord your God with all your being.’

MAT 10:28 · MAT 10:28 · MAT 11:29 · MAT 12:18 · MAT 22:37 · MAT 26:38 · MRK 12:30 · MRK 14:34 · LUK 1:46 · LUK 10:27 · LUK 12:19 · LUK 12:19 · JHN 12:27 · ACT 2:27 · ACT 4:32 · ACT 14:22 · ACT 15:24 · 2CO 12:15 · EPH 6:6 · PHP 1:27 · COL 3:23 · 1TH 5:23 · HEB 4:12 · HEB 10:39 · HEB 12:3 · 1PE 2:11 · 1PE 2:25 · 3JN 1:2 · REV 6:9 · REV 18:14 · REV 20:4

23.88 · Physiological Processes and States · Live, Die

life the existence of a human being, or other living creature, sustained by the presence of air to breathe and food to eat In rendering ψυχή in ROM 11:3 it may be necessary to indicate more precisely the relationship between ‘to seek’ and ‘life,’ for example, ‘they seek to destroy my life’ or ‘they seek to cause me no longer to live.’
In a number of languages there is no noun-like word for ‘life.’ It may therefore be necessary to change all passages which speak of ‘life’ into a corresponding expression using a verb-like form meaning ‘to live.’

MAT 2:20 · MAT 6:25 · MAT 6:25 · MAT 10:39 · MAT 10:39 · MAT 16:25 · MAT 16:25 · MAT 16:26 · MAT 16:26 · MAT 20:28 · MRK 3:4 · MRK 8:35 · MRK 8:35 · MRK 8:36 · MRK 8:37 · MRK 10:45 · LUK 9:24 · LUK 9:24 · LUK 12:20 · LUK 12:22 · LUK 12:23 · LUK 14:26 · JHN 12:25 · JHN 12:25 · ACT 20:10 · ACT 20:24 · ACT 27:10 · ACT 27:22 · ROM 11:3 · ROM 16:4 · 2CO 1:23 · PHP 2:30 · 1TH 5:23 · HEB 4:12 · HEB 6:19 · HEB 13:17 · JAS 1:21 · REV 8:9 · REV 12:11

9.20 · People · Human Beings

person, people (a figurative extension of meaning of ψυχή[a] ‘inner self, mind,’ 26.4) a person as a living being

LUK 6:9 · JHN 10:24 · ACT 2:41 · ACT 2:43 · ACT 3:23 · ACT 7:14 · ACT 27:37 · ROM 2:9 · ROM 13:1 · 1CO 15:45 · 1TH 2:8 · HEB 10:38 · JAS 5:20 · 1PE 1:9 · 1PE 1:22 · 1PE 3:20 · 1PE 4:19 · 2PE 2:14 · REV 18:13

4.1 · Animals · Animals

Collocation: ψυχὴ ζωῆς

living creature (an idiom, literally: living soul) any living creature, whether animal or human Though the phrase ψυχὴ ζωῆς is highly generic in meaning, its specific reference in REV 16:3 is to creatures of the sea, and therefore in most languages one must translate simply ‘fish’ or ‘that which lives in the sea.’

REV 16:3

25.280 · Attitudes and Emotions · Sorrow, Regret

Collocation: ψυχὴν βασανίζω

to experience anguish, to be tormented in one’s heart (an idiom, literally: to be tormented in soul) to experience mental torment involving sorrow mixed with anger

2PE 2:8

88.200 · Moral and Ethical Qualities and Related Behavior · Hate, Hateful

Collocation: κακόω τὴν ψυχὴν κατά

to turn someone against, to cause to dislike (an idiom, literally: to cause a person’s attitude to be bad against) to cause someone to have hostile feelings of dislike toward someone

ACT 14:2

25.291 · Attitudes and Emotions · Discouragement

Collocation: κάμνω τῇ ψυχῇ

to become discouraged, to become tired of (an idiom, literally: to become tired in spirit) to gradually lose one’s motivation to accomplish some goal

HEB 12:3

21.20 · Danger, Risk, Safe, Save · Cause To Be Safe, Free from Danger

Collocation: κτάομαι τὴν ψυχήν

to save oneself, to protect oneself (an idiom, literally: to acquire one’s soul or to acquire one’s life) to save oneself from grave danger or death

LUK 21:19

21.7 · Danger, Risk, Safe, Save · Expose Oneself to Danger

Collocation: παραδίδωμι τὴν ψυχήν

to risk, to risk one’s life (an idiom, literally: to hand over life) to expose oneself willingly to a danger or risk In a number of languages the equivalent of ‘risking one’s life’ is ‘exposing oneself to death’ or ‘showing that one is willing to die’ or ‘walking into the danger of dying.’

ACT 15:26

21.24 · Danger, Risk, Safe, Save · Cause To Be Safe, Free from Danger

Collocation: τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ περιποιέομαι

to save one’s life, to save oneself (an idiom, literally: to do something with regard to one’s life) to save or preserve one’s own life

LUK 17:33

25.279 · Attitudes and Emotions · Sorrow, Regret

Collocation: τὴν ψυχὴν διέρχεται ῥομφαία

to feel pain and sorrow, to be sorrowful and distressed (an idiom, literally: a sword goes through one’s soul) to feel the intense pain of sorrow

LUK 2:35

23.113 · Physiological Processes and States · Live, Die

Collocation: τὴν ψυχὴν τίθημι

to die voluntarily, to die willingly (an idiom, literally: to lay down one’s life) to die, with the implication of voluntary or willing action Though in English the phrases ‘to lay down one’s life’ or ‘to give one’s life’ do suggest a voluntary dying, a literal rendering of such expressions in other languages would not necessarily imply the same. It may therefore be necessary to use such expressions as ‘to die willingly’ or ‘to die without resisting.’ In some languages ‘willingly’ is expressed primarily as a negation of objecting, for example, ‘I will not object to dying.’

JHN 10:11 · JHN 10:15 · JHN 10:17 · JHN 13:37 · JHN 13:38 · JHN 15:13 · 1JN 3:16 · 1JN 3:16

¹ In this subdomain (Human Beings) a number of expressions referring to people are based upon metonymies involving terms for parts or aspects of persons. Such metonymic figures of speech are involved in σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα (9.14), γόνυ[b] (9.16), χείρ[b] (9.17), γλῶσσα[g] (9.18), ὄνομα[b] (9.19), and ψυχή[c] (9.20). ² 2PE 2:8 Though the Greek term ψυχή is usually glossed as ‘soul,’ it is often more equivalent in meaning to ‘heart’ in English. In 2PE 2:8 the subject is Lot as a righteous person.

UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament © United Bible Societies, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

ψυχή, -ῆς, ἡ, (ψύχω, to breathe, blow), fr. Hom. down, Sept. times too many to count for wj, occasionally also for 27 and 339; 1. breath (Lat. anima),i.e. a. the breath of life; the vital force which animates the body and shows itself in breathing: Acts xx. 10; of animals, Rey. viii. 9, (Gen. ix. 4 34.; xxxv. 18; ἐπιστραφήτω ἡ Ψυχὴ τοῦ παιδαρίου, 1 K. xvii. 21); so also in those pass. where, in accordance with the trichotomy or threefold division of human nature by the Greeks, ἡ Ψυχή is distinguished from τὸ πνεῦμα (see πνεῦμα, 2 p. 530" [and reff. 8. v. rv. 5]), 1 Th. v. 23; Heb. iv. 12. b. life: μεριμνᾶν τῇ ψυχῇ, Mt. vi. 25; Lk. xii. 22; τὴν ψυχὴν ἀγαπᾶν, Rev. xii. 11; [μισεῖν, Lk. xiv. 26]; τιθέναι, Jn. x. 11, 15, 17; xiii. 37 sq.; xv. 13; 1 Jn. iii. 16; παραδιδόναι, Acts xv. 26; διδόναι (λύτρον. q. v-), Mt. xx. 28; Mk. x. 45; ζητεῖν τὴν ψυχήν twos (see ζητέω, 1 a.), Mt. ii. 20; Ro. xi. 3; add, Mt. vi. 25; Mk. iii.4; Lk. vi.9; xii. 20, 23; Acts xx. 24; xxvii.10, 22; Ro. xvi. 4; 2 Co. i. 23; Phil. ii. 30; 1 Th.ii. 8; in the pointed aphorisms of Christ, intended to fix themselves in the minds of his hearers, the phrases εὑρίσκειν, σώζειν, ἀπολλύναι τὴν Ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ, εἴο., designate as ψυχὴ in one of the antithetie members the life which is lived on earth, in the other, the (blessed) Jife in the eternal kingdom of God: Mt. x. 39; xvi. 25 sq.; Mk. viii. 35-37; Lk. ix. 24, 56 Rec.; xvii. 33; Jn. xii. 25; the life destined to enjoy the Messianic salvation is meant also in the foll. phrases [(where R. V. soul)]: περιποίησις ψυχῆς, Heb. x. 39; κτᾶσθαι tas ψυχάς, Lk. xxi. 19; ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν, [here A.V. (not R.V.) for you; ef.c. below], 2Co. xii. 15. ὁ. that in which there is life; a living being: ψυχὴ ζῶσα, a living soul, 1 Co. xv. 45; [Rev. xvi. 3 R Tr mrg.], (Gen. ii. 7; plur. i. 20); πᾶσα ψυχὴ ζωῆς, Rev. xvi. 3 [G LT Tr txt. WH] (Lev. xi. 10); πᾶσα Ψυχή, every soul, i. e. every one, Acts ii. 43; iii. 23; Ro. xiii. 1, (so 32 -Ὁ3, Ley. vii. 17 (27); xvii. 12); with ἀνθρώπου added, every soul of man (DIN wai, Num. xxxi. 40, 46, [ef. 1 Mace. ii. 387), Ro.ii. 9. ψυχαί, souls (like the Lat. capita) i. e. persons (in enumerations; οἵ. Germ. Seelenzahl): Acts ii. 41; vii. 14; xxvii. 37; 1 Pet. iii. 20, (Gen. xlvi. 15, 18, 22, 26, 27; Ex.i.5; xii. 4; Lev. ii. 1; Num. xix. 11, 13, 18; [Deut. x. 22]; the exx. fr. Grk. authors (cf. Passow 8. v. 2, vol. ii. p. 2590) are of a different sort [yet ef. L.and 8. 5. v. IL. 37} : ψυχαὶ ἀνθρώπων of slaves [A. V. souls of men (R.V. with mrg. ‘ Or lives’}}, Rev. xviii. 13 (so [ Num. xxxi. 35]; Ezek. xxvii. 13; see σῶμα, 1c. [ef. W. § 22, 7 N. 31}. 2. the soul (Lat. animus), a. the seat of the feelings, desires, affections, aversions, (our soul, heart, ete. [R. V. almost uniformly soul]; for exx. fr. Grk. writ. see Passow s. y. 2, vol. ii. Ρ. 2589"; [L. and. 5. v. II. 3]; Hebr. 93), cf. Gesenius, Thesaur. ii. p. 901in 3): Lk.i. 46; ii. 35; Jn. x. 24 [ef. αἴρω, 1 b.]; Acts xiv. 2, 22; xv. 24; Heb. vi.19; 2 Pet. ii. 8,14; ἡ ἐπιθυμία τῆς Ψ. Rev. xviii. 14; ἀνάπαυσιν ταῖς ψυχαῖς εὑρίσκειν, Mt. xi. 29; Ψυχή, - - - ἀναπαύου, φάγε, πίε [ΝῊ br. these three impvs. ], εὐφραίνου (personification and direct address), Lk. xii. 19, cf. 18 (ἡ Ψυχὴ avaπαύσεται, Xen. Cyr. 6, 2, 28; εὐφραίνειν τὴν ψυχήν, Ael. v.h. 1,32); εὐδοκεῖ ἡ ψυχὴ μου (anthropopathically, of God), Mt. xii. 18; Heb. x. 38; περίλυπός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή pov, Mt. xxvi. 38; Mk. xiv. 34; ἡ ψυχή pou τετάρακται, Jn. xii. 27; ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν ἐκλυόμενοι, [ fainting in your souls (cf. ἐκλύω, 2 b.)], Heb. xii. 3; ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ σου, with all thy soul, Mt. xxii. 37; (Lk. x. 27 Ltxt. T Tr WH]; ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς σου (Lat. ex toto animo), with [lit. from (cf. ἐκ, I. 12 b.)] all thy soul, Mk. xii. 30, 33 [here TWH om. L Tr mrg. br. the phrase]; Lk. x. 27 [R ΑἹ, (Deut. vi. 5; [Epict. diss. 3, 22,18 (cf. Xen. anab. 7, 7,43)]; Antonin. 3,4; [esp. 4, 31; 12, 29]; ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ φροντίζειν τινός [rather, with xexapio@ar], Xen. mem. 3, 11,10); μιᾷ ψυχῇ; with one soul [cf. πνεῦμα, 2 p- 520

Mounce Concise Greek Dictionary

ψυχή psychē 103x

breath; the principle of animal life; the life, Mt. 2:20; 6:25; Mk. 3:4; Lk. 21:19; Jn. 10:11; an inanimate being, 1 Cor. 15:45; a human individual, soul, Acts 2:41; 3:23; 7:14; 27:37; Rom. 13:1; 1 Pet. 3:20; the immaterial soul, Mt. 10:28; 1 Pet. 1:9; 2:11, 25; 4:19; the soul as the seat of religious and moral sentiment, Mt. 11:29; Acts 14:2, 22; 15:24; Eph. 6:6; the soul, as a seat of feeling, Mt. 12:18; 26:38; the soul, the inner self, Lk. 12:19

Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon

ψυχή, -ῆς, ἡ,

[in LXX very freq. for נֶפֶשׁ, sometimes for לֵבַב ,לֵב, etc. ;]

breath (Lat. anima), breath of life, life (Hom., al.; in Arist., of the vital principle): Mt 6:25, Mk 3:4 10:45, Lk 12:22, Jo 10:11, Ac 20:10, 24, II Co 1:23, Phl 2:30, I Th 2:8, al.

the soul, as the seat of the will, desires and affections: Mt 26:38, Mk 12:30 (LXX) 14:34, Lk 1:46, Jo 10:24, Ac 14:2, Phl 1:27, al.; ἐκ ψυχῆς, from the heart, heartily: Eph 6:6, Col 3:23;

as a periphrasis for person or self (freq. in translation from Semitic originals, v. M, Pr., 87; Robinson, Gospels, 113 ff.; but also freq. in cl., v. LS, s.v. II, 2; Edwards, Lex., App. A.): Mt 11:29, Mk 8:36, Ac 2:41, Ro 2:9, I Pe 3:20, al.; πᾶσα ψ., Ac 2:43 3:23 (LXX), Ro 13:1; ψ. ζῶσα (ζωῆς), I Co 15:45, Re 16:3;

as the object of divine grace and eternal salvation: He 13:17, Ja 1:21 5:20, I Pe 1:9, 22 2:11 4:19, III Jo 2.

SYN.: v.s. νοῦς, πνεῦμα, ψυχικός, and cf. ICC on I Th 5:23, Lft., Notes, 88 f.

Liddell-Scott-Jones — Greek-English Lexicon

ψυχή (psuchē) — soul. ψῡχ-ή, ἡ, life, λύθη ψ. τε μένος τε [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι at hazard of their lives, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; λίσσου᾽ ὑπὲρ ψ. καὶ γούνων by your life,[Refs 5th c.BC+] to save their life, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὃ ἂν θέλῃ, ψυχῆς ὠνεῖται [θυμός] in exchange for life, [NT+7th c.BC+]; τῆς ἐμῆς ψ. γεγώς[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ποινὴν τῆς Αἰσώπου ψ. satisfaction for the life of [NT+5th c.BC+]; δεῖρον ἄχρις ἡ ψ... ἐπὶ χειλέων λειφθῇ within an inch of his life, [Refs 3rd c.BC+] —the phrase ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τὴν ψ. ἔχοντα taking his life in his hands, is probably falsa lectio in [LXX+4th c.BC+]; of life in animals, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἡ φύσις τοιαύτη πάντων ὅσσα ψ. ἔχει Democrit.278; ἐπῴζει καὶ ποιεῖ ψ. ἔχειν (of incubation) [LXX+5th c.BC+]; ἡ ψ. πάσης σαρκὸς αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐστιν[LXX]

2. metaphorically of things dear as life, χρήματα γὰρ ψ... βροτοῖσι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; so as an endearing name, [Refs 1st c.AD+]

II. in [Refs 8th c.BC+], departed spirit, ghost (ὑποτίθεται [Ὅμηρος] τὰς ψ. τοῖς εἰδώλοις τοῖς ἐν τοῖς κατόπτροις φαινομένοις ὁμοίας.. ἃ καθάπαξ ἡμῖν ἐξείκασται καὶ τὰς κινήσεις μιμεῖται, στερεμνιώδη δὲ ὑπόστασιν οὐδεμίαν ἔχει εἰς ἀντίληψιν καὶ ἁφήν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ψ. καὶ εἴδωλον [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ψυχὰς ἡρώων, opposed to αὐτούς,[Refs 8th c.BC+]; sometimes hardly distinct from signification[Refs]; in swoons it leaves the body, τὸν δὲ λίπε ψ. [Refs]; so in later writers (seldom in Trag.), σὺν Ἀγαμεμνονίᾳ ψυχᾷ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἑὰν ψυχὰν κομίξαι[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ψ. σοφαί, perhaps 'wise ghosts', [Refs 5th c.BC+]

III. the immaterial and immortal soul, first in Pindar, ἐς τὸν ὕπερθεν ἅλιον κείνων.. ἀνδιδοῖ [Φερσεφόνα] ψυχὰς πάλιν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; αἰθὴρ μὲμ ψυχὰς ὑπεδέξατο, σώ[ματα δὲ χθών] [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁπόταμ ψ. προλίπῃ φάος ἀελίοιο [Refs 5th c.BC+]

IV. the conscious self or personality as centre of emotions, desires, and affections, χερσὶ καὶ ψυχᾷ δυνατοί [Refs 5th c.BC+]: hence regarded in abstraction, τὸ παρεχόμενον ἡμῶν ἕκαστον τοῦτ᾽ εἶναι μηδὲν ἀλλ᾽ ἢ τὴν ψ., τὸ δὲ σῶμα ἰνδαλλόμενον ἡμῶν ἑκάστοις ἕπεσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἴμοι ψυχή woe is me! [LXX]; καὶ ἐρῶ τῇ ψ. μου, “ψυχή, ἔχεις πολλὰ ἀγαθά” [NT]; in periphrases, ψ. Ὀρέστου, ={Ὀρέστης}, [Refs 5th c.BC+] his wits, [Refs]; so ψυχαί absolutely, ={ἄνθρωποι, ψ. ὀλέσασα} [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ψ. πολλαὶ ἔθανον many souls perished, [NT+5th c.BC+]; in referring to persons, ὅταν μεγάλη ψ. φυῇ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; καλεῖται γοῦν ἡ ψ. Κρινοκοράκα the creature, [NT+4th c.BC+]: generally, being, ψυχὴ ζῶσα living creature, [LXX]

IV.2. of various aspects of the self, ἐν πολέμοιο μάχαις τλάμονι ψ. παρέμειν) enduring heart, [Refs 5th c.BC+] poor-spirited, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

IV.3. of the emotional self, ὑπείργασμαι μὲν εὖ ψυχὴν ἔρωτι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τίν᾽ οἴεσθ᾽ αὐτὴν ψ. ἕξειν, ὅταν ἐμὲ ῒδ; how will she feel? [Refs 4th c.BC+]; μία ψ., proverbial of friends, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ψ. μία ἤστην probably in [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; of appetite, ψυχῇ διδόντες ἡδονήν [Refs 5th c.BC+]

IV.4. of the moral and intellectual self, ἀπὸ πάμπαν ἀδίκων ἔχειν ψ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ σῶμα ἀπειρηκὸς ἡ ψ. συνεξέσωσεν.. διὰ τὸ μὴ ξυνειδέναι ἑαυτῇ the mind conscious of innocence, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀπὸ τῆς ψ. φιλεῖν with all the heart, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐκ ἐᾷ ἡμᾶς οὐδὲ ψυχῆς λαχεῖν he won't let us call our soul our own, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]

IV.5. of animals, ψ. μεγαλόφρων, of a horse, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ψ. χηνός, ὀρτυγίου, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

IV.6. of inanimate things, πᾶσα πολιτεία ψ. πόλεώς ἐστιν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also of the spirit of an author, [Refs 1st c.BC+]

V. Philosophical uses:

V.1. In the early physicists, of the primary substance, the source of life and consciousness, ὁρίζονται πάντες (i.e. οἱ πρότεροι) τὴν ψ. τρισίν, κινήσει, αἰσθήσει, τῷ ἀσωμάτῳ [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ψυχῇσιν θάνατος ὕδωρ γενέσθαι, ὕδατι δὲ θάνατος γῆν γενέσθαι, ἐκ γῆς δὲ ὕδωρ γίνεται, ἐξ ὕδατος δὲ ψ. (i.e. πῦρ) [Refs 6th c.BC+]; καρδία ψυχῆς καὶ αἰσθήσιος [ἀρχά] [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Δημόκριτος πῦρ τι καὶ θερμόν θησιν αὐτὴν (i.e. ψυχὴν) εἶναι[Refs]

V.2. the spirit of the universe, ψ. εἰς τὸ μέσον [τοῦ κόσμου] θείς [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν τῷ ὅλῳ τινὲς [τὴν ψ.] μεμεῖχθαί φασιν, ὅθεν ἴσως καὶ Θαλῆς ᾠήθη πάντα πλήρη θεῶν εἶναι[Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ψ. [κόσμου] [Refs 1st c.AD+]; περὶ ψυχᾶς κόσμου καὶ φύσιος, title of work by [Refs 5th c.BC+]

V.3. In [Refs 5th c.BC+] the immaterial principle of movement and life, ὅταν παρῇ [ψυχὴ] τῷ σώματι, αἴτιόν ἐστι τοῦ ζῆν αὐτῷ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; its presence is requisite for thought, σοφία καὶ νοῦς ἄνευ ψ. οὐκ ἂν γενοίσθην [Refs 4th c.BC+]; the tripartite division of ψ., οἱ δὲ περὶ Πλάτωνα καὶ Ἀρχύτας καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ Πυθαγόρειοι τὴν ψ. τριμερῆ ἀποφαίνονται, διαιροῦντες εἰς λογισμὸν καὶ θυμὸν καὶ ἐπιθυμίαν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; in the Stoics and Epicureans, σῶμα ἡ ψ. Zeno and [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; of the scala naturae, τὰ μὲν ἕξει διοικεῖται, τὰ δὲ φύσει, τὰ δ᾽ ἀλόγῳ ψ., τὰ δὲ καὶ λόγον ἐχούσῃ καὶ διάνοιαν [Refs 4th c.BC+]; in the Neo-Platonists characterized by discursive thinking, τοὺς λογισμοὺς ψυχῆς εἶναι ἐνεργήματα [Refs 3rd c.AD+]; related to νοῦς as image to archetype, εἰκών τίς ἐστι νοῦ [ψ.] [Refs]; present in entirety in every part, πάρεστι πᾶσα πανταχοῦ ψ. [Refs]; animal and vegetable bodies possess οἷον σκιὰν ψυχῆς [Refs 5th c.AD+]

VI. butterfly or moth, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

VI.2. τριπόλιον, Ps.-[Refs 1st c.AD+]

VII. Psyche, in the allegory of Psyche and Eros, [Refs 8th c.BC+] 'blow, breathe'; τὸν δὲ λίπε ψ. [Refs 8th c.BC+] means 'his spirit left his body', and so λειποψυχέω means 'swoon', not 'become breathless'; ἀπὸ δὲ ψ. ἐκάπυσσε [Refs 8th c.BC+] means 'she gasped out her spirit', i.e. 'swooned'; the resemblance of ἄμπνυτο 'recovered consciousness' to ἀμπνέω 'recover breath' is deceptive, see at {ἄμπνυτο, ἔμπνυτο}: when concrete the Homeric ψ. is rather warm blood than breath,[Refs 8th c.BC+] escapes through a wound; compare ψυχοπότης, ψυχορροφέω, and [Refs 5th c.BC+]

ψυχή (psuchē) — soul: life. ψῡχ-ή, ἡ, life, λύθη ψ. τε μένος τε [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι at hazard of their lives, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; λίσσου᾽ ὑπὲρ ψ. καὶ γούνων by your life,[Refs 5th c.BC+] to save their life, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὃ ἂν θέλῃ, ψυχῆς ὠνεῖται [θυμός] in exchange for life, [NT+7th c.BC+]; τῆς ἐμῆς ψ. γεγώς[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ποινὴν τῆς Αἰσώπου ψ. satisfaction for the life of [NT+5th c.BC+]; δεῖρον ἄχρις ἡ ψ... ἐπὶ χειλέων λειφθῇ within an inch of his life, [Refs 3rd c.BC+] —the phrase ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τὴν ψ. ἔχοντα taking his life in his hands, is probably falsa lectio in [LXX+4th c.BC+]; of life in animals, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἡ φύσις τοιαύτη πάντων ὅσσα ψ. ἔχει Democrit.278; ἐπῴζει καὶ ποιεῖ ψ. ἔχειν (of incubation) [LXX+5th c.BC+]; ἡ ψ. πάσης σαρκὸς αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐστιν[LXX]

2. metaphorically of things dear as life, χρήματα γὰρ ψ... βροτοῖσι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; so as an endearing name, [Refs 1st c.AD+]

IV.2. of various aspects of the self, ἐν πολέμοιο μάχαις τλάμονι ψ. παρέμειν) enduring heart, [Refs 5th c.BC+] poor-spirited, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

IV.5. of animals, ψ. μεγαλόφρων, of a horse, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ψ. χηνός, ὀρτυγίου, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

IV.6. of inanimate things, πᾶσα πολιτεία ψ. πόλεώς ἐστιν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also of the spirit of an author, [Refs 1st c.BC+]

V. Philosophical uses:

VI. butterfly or moth, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

VI.2. τριπόλιον, Ps.-[Refs 1st c.AD+]

ψυχή (psuchē) — soul: myself. ψῡχ-ή, ἡ, life, λύθη ψ. τε μένος τε [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι at hazard of their lives, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; λίσσου᾽ ὑπὲρ ψ. καὶ γούνων by your life,[Refs 5th c.BC+] to save their life, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὃ ἂν θέλῃ, ψυχῆς ὠνεῖται [θυμός] in exchange for life, [NT+7th c.BC+]; τῆς ἐμῆς ψ. γεγώς[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ποινὴν τῆς Αἰσώπου ψ. satisfaction for the life of [NT+5th c.BC+]; δεῖρον ἄχρις ἡ ψ... ἐπὶ χειλέων λειφθῇ within an inch of his life, [Refs 3rd c.BC+] —the phrase ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τὴν ψ. ἔχοντα taking his life in his hands, is probably falsa lectio in [LXX+4th c.BC+]; of life in animals, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἡ φύσις τοιαύτη πάντων ὅσσα ψ. ἔχει Democrit.278; ἐπῴζει καὶ ποιεῖ ψ. ἔχειν (of incubation) [LXX+5th c.BC+]; ἡ ψ. πάσης σαρκὸς αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐστιν[LXX]

2. metaphorically of things dear as life, χρήματα γὰρ ψ... βροτοῖσι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; so as an endearing name, [Refs 1st c.AD+]

IV.2. of various aspects of the self, ἐν πολέμοιο μάχαις τλάμονι ψ. παρέμειν) enduring heart, [Refs 5th c.BC+] poor-spirited, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

IV.5. of animals, ψ. μεγαλόφρων, of a horse, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ψ. χηνός, ὀρτυγίου, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

IV.6. of inanimate things, πᾶσα πολιτεία ψ. πόλεώς ἐστιν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also of the spirit of an author, [Refs 1st c.BC+]

V. Philosophical uses:

VI. butterfly or moth, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

VI.2. τριπόλιον, Ps.-[Refs 1st c.AD+]

ψυχή (psuchē) — soul: person. ψῡχ-ή, ἡ, life, λύθη ψ. τε μένος τε [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι at hazard of their lives, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; λίσσου᾽ ὑπὲρ ψ. καὶ γούνων by your life,[Refs 5th c.BC+] to save their life, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὃ ἂν θέλῃ, ψυχῆς ὠνεῖται [θυμός] in exchange for life, [NT+7th c.BC+]; τῆς ἐμῆς ψ. γεγώς[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ποινὴν τῆς Αἰσώπου ψ. satisfaction for the life of [NT+5th c.BC+]; δεῖρον ἄχρις ἡ ψ... ἐπὶ χειλέων λειφθῇ within an inch of his life, [Refs 3rd c.BC+] —the phrase ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τὴν ψ. ἔχοντα taking his life in his hands, is probably falsa lectio in [LXX+4th c.BC+]; of life in animals, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἡ φύσις τοιαύτη πάντων ὅσσα ψ. ἔχει Democrit.278; ἐπῴζει καὶ ποιεῖ ψ. ἔχειν (of incubation) [LXX+5th c.BC+]; ἡ ψ. πάσης σαρκὸς αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐστιν[LXX]

2. metaphorically of things dear as life, χρήματα γὰρ ψ... βροτοῖσι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; so as an endearing name, [Refs 1st c.AD+]

IV.2. of various aspects of the self, ἐν πολέμοιο μάχαις τλάμονι ψ. παρέμειν) enduring heart, [Refs 5th c.BC+] poor-spirited, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

IV.5. of animals, ψ. μεγαλόφρων, of a horse, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ψ. χηνός, ὀρτυγίου, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

IV.6. of inanimate things, πᾶσα πολιτεία ψ. πόλεώς ἐστιν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also of the spirit of an author, [Refs 1st c.BC+]

V. Philosophical uses:

VI. butterfly or moth, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

VI.2. τριπόλιον, Ps.-[Refs 1st c.AD+]

ψυχή (psuchē) — soul: animal. ψῡχ-ή, ἡ, life, λύθη ψ. τε μένος τε [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι at hazard of their lives, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; λίσσου᾽ ὑπὲρ ψ. καὶ γούνων by your life,[Refs 5th c.BC+] to save their life, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὃ ἂν θέλῃ, ψυχῆς ὠνεῖται [θυμός] in exchange for life, [NT+7th c.BC+]; τῆς ἐμῆς ψ. γεγώς[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ποινὴν τῆς Αἰσώπου ψ. satisfaction for the life of [NT+5th c.BC+]; δεῖρον ἄχρις ἡ ψ... ἐπὶ χειλέων λειφθῇ within an inch of his life, [Refs 3rd c.BC+] —the phrase ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τὴν ψ. ἔχοντα taking his life in his hands, is probably falsa lectio in [LXX+4th c.BC+]; of life in animals, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἡ φύσις τοιαύτη πάντων ὅσσα ψ. ἔχει Democrit.278; ἐπῴζει καὶ ποιεῖ ψ. ἔχειν (of incubation) [LXX+5th c.BC+]; ἡ ψ. πάσης σαρκὸς αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐστιν[LXX]

2. metaphorically of things dear as life, χρήματα γὰρ ψ... βροτοῖσι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; so as an endearing name, [Refs 1st c.AD+]

IV.2. of various aspects of the self, ἐν πολέμοιο μάχαις τλάμονι ψ. παρέμειν) enduring heart, [Refs 5th c.BC+] poor-spirited, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

IV.5. of animals, ψ. μεγαλόφρων, of a horse, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ψ. χηνός, ὀρτυγίου, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

IV.6. of inanimate things, πᾶσα πολιτεία ψ. πόλεώς ἐστιν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also of the spirit of an author, [Refs 1st c.BC+]

V. Philosophical uses:

VI. butterfly or moth, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

VI.2. τριπόλιον, Ps.-[Refs 1st c.AD+]