Luke 23

Luke 23:1

multitude. Greek. plethos = number (not ochlos = crowd). In the usage of the Papyri it denotes an assembly.

unto. Greek. epi. App-104.

Luke 23:2

We found. As the result of our examination.

perverting = agitating. Not the same word as in Luke 23:14. Compare Luke 9:41.

Christ = Messiah. App-98.

Luke 23:3

asked = questioned.

the King. Pilate using the Art., as

though implying hisbelief.

thou sayest. A Hebraism for a strong affirmation. Compare Luke 22:70, &c.

Luke 23:4

to. Greek. pros. App-104.

people = crowds. I find no fault, &c. Compare Matthew 27:4.

in. Greek. en. App-104.

Man. Greek. anthropos. App-123.

Luke 23:5

were the more fierce = kept insisting. Greek. epischuo. Occurs only here in N.T.

stirreth up = instigates. Greek.

anaeeio. Stronger than “pervert “in Luke 23:2. Occurs only here, and Mark 15:11.

throughout. Greek. kata. App-104.

from. Greek. apo. App-104.

Galilee. See App-169.

Luke 23:6

of Galilee = Galilee [mentioned].

whether = if. App-118.

Luke 23:7

knew = got to know. Greek.

ginosko. App-132.

belonged unto = was of. Greek. ek. App-104.

jurisdiction = authority. App-172.

sent. Greek. anapempo. App-174, only here; verses: Luke 23:11, Luke 23:15; Philemon 1:12; and (ace, to texts) Acts 25:21.

at = in Greek en. App-104.

that time = those days: i.e. of the Feast.

Luke 23:8

saw. Greek. eidon. App-133.

Jesus. App-98.

desirous = wishing. Greek thelo. App-102.

of. Greek ek. App-104.

because he had heard = on account of (Greek. dia. App-104.) his hearing.

of = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104.

hoped = was hoping (all that long time).

miracle = sign. See App-176.

done = accomplished.

by. Greek. hupo. App-104.

Luke 23:9

questioned. Greek. erotao. App-134.

words. Plural of logos. See note on Mark 9:32.

Luke 23:10

stood = had stood.

vehemently. Greek. eutonos. Occurs only here, and Acts 18:28.

Luke 23:11

with. Greek. sun. App-104.

set Him at nought = treated Him with contempt. mocked. See Luke 22:63.

gorgeous = resplendent. Compare Acts 10:30. Revelation 15:6.

Luke 23:12

were made = became.

Luke 23:13

together = with (Greek. meta. App-104.) one another.

between = with reference to. Greek. pros. App-104.

Verses 13-25. Compare Matthew 27:15-26. Mark 15:6-13.

Luke 23:14

unto. Greek. pros. App-104.

perverteth = turneth away. Greek apostrepho. Not the same word as in Luke 23:2.

behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6.

examined. Greek. anakrino. App-122.

Luke 23:15

No, nor yet = nor even.

lo. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6.

is done = has been done. Compare Luke 23:41.

unto Him: i.e. by Him.

Luke 23:16

I will, &c. Probably with his own hands (Compare Luke 23:22. Matthew 27:26. Mark 15:15) instead of crucifying Him; with the view of releasing Him.

chastise. Compare Isaiah 53:5.

Luke 23:17

at. Greek. kata. App-104.

the = a. Most texts omit this verse.

Luke 23:18

all at once = all together, or in a mass. Greek. pamplethei. Occurs only here.

Barabbas. Aramaic (App-94.) = son of a (distinguished) father. ORIGEN (A.D. 186-253) read “Jesus, Barabbas” in Matthew 27:17, the choice lying between two of the same name.

Luke 23:19

for = on account of. Greek. dia. App-104. Luke 23:3.

sedition = insurrection.

made = which had taken place.

murder. Compare Acts 3:14.

was = had been. into. Greek. eis. App-104.

Luke 23:20

willing = wishing. Greek thelo. App-102.

spake . . . to = addressed. Greek. prosphoneo. Compare Acts 21:40; Acts 22:2.

Luke 23:21

cried = kept shouting. Greek. epiphoneo.

Luke 23:22

said = spake. evil. Greek kakos. App-128.

Luke 23:23

were instant = were urgent. Greek. epikeimai, to press upon. Compare Luke 7:4. Judges 16:16. Acts 26:7. Romans 12:12. 2 Timothy 4:2.

requiring. App-134. = had power to bear down (Pilate’s remonstrance).

Luke 23:24

gave sentence = pronounced sentence. Greek. epikrino. App-122. Occurs only here.

it, &c. = their request should be carried out.

Luke 23:25

had desired. Same word as “require” in Luke 23:23.

will = desire. Greek. thelema. Compare App-102.

Luke 23:26

And as, &c. Compare Matthew 27:31-34. Mark 15:20-23.

laid hold upon. Compare Acts 16:19; Acts 17:19; Acts 18:17; Acts 21:30-33.

out of. Greek. apo. App-104.

the country = a field. the cross. See App-162,

Luke 23:27

And there, &c.: verses: Luke 23:27-32, peculiar to Luke. company multitude.

bewailed and lamented = were beating their breasts and lamenting.

Luke 23:28

Daughters, &c. Not therefore the women from Galilee of verses: Luke 23:49, Luke 23:55. Greek. me. App-105.

for = on, or over. Greek. epi. App-104.

children. Greek. Plural of teknon. App-108.

Luke 23:29

Blessed = Happy. See note on Matthew 5:3, and Compare Luke 11:27. Hosea 9:12-16.

never bare = did not (Greek. ou. App-105) bear.

Luke 23:30

on. Greek. epi. App-104.

hills. Greek. Plural of bounds. Occurs only here and in Luke 3:5.

Luke 23:31

if they do. Assuming the case. App-118.

do = are doing.

a green tree = the

living wood: i.e. the Lord.

shall be done = must happen.

the dry = the dry [wood]: i, e. the nation.

Luke 23:32

also two other = others also, two.

other = different ones. Greek. Plural of heteros. App-124.

malefactors = evildoers. Greek. kakourgoi. Not lestai = brigands, as in Matthew 27:38. See App-164.

led with Him. The brigands were brought later.

Luke 23:33

to. Greek. epi. App-104.

Calvary is the Greek for the Hebrew Golgotha = a skull. Now called “a hill”. But see Conder’s Jerusalem, p. 80.

crucified. See App-162.

on = at. Greek. ek. App-104.

and the other = and one.

left. Greek. aristeros. Only here, Matthew 6:3. 2 Corinthians 6:7. Not the same word as in Matthew 27:38.

Luke 23:34

Father. See App-98.

forgive them. The last of eight recorded occasions of prayer in Luke. See note on Luke 3:21, and compare Matthew 27:46 for the last “seven words” on the cross. Compare Isaiah 53:12.

know. Greek. oida. App-1. Luke 3:2, Luke 3:11.

not. Greek. ou. App-105.

do = are doing. Compare Acts 3:17. 1 Corinthians 2:8.

Luke 23:35

beholding = looking on, or gazing at. Greek theoreo. App-133. Not the same word as in Luke 23:29.

derided = were mocking: i.e. turning up their noses at Him. Same word as in 16. is. Compare Psalms 2:4; Psalms 22:7; Psalms 35:16.

others. Greek. allos. App-124. Not the same word as in Luke 23:32; Luke 23:40.

he = This fellow.

Christ = the Messiah. App-98.

God. App-98.

Luke 23:36

coming = coming up close.

offering, &c. See note on Matthew 27:33; Matthew 27:48.

Luke 23:38

superscription. Not the same word as in Matthew and John. See App-163.

over. Greek. epi. App-104.

THIS IS, &c. See App-48for this type; and App-163for the words themselves.

Luke 23:39

railed = kept up a railing.

Christ. The Lewis Codex of the Syriac Gospels recently found at Mount Sinai reads “Saviour”, not Messiah. save Thyself and us. This reads (in the same Codex), “save Thyself alive this day, and us also”.

Luke 23:40

condemnation. App-177.6.

Luke 23:41

receive = are receiving.

our deeds = what we did.

hath done = did.

Luke 23:42

Lord. Most Texts omit this, but not the Syriac which reads “my Lord”. App-98. A.

comest = shalt have come.

into = in (Greek. en), but some texts with Syriac read “into “: i.e. into possession of.

Luke 23:43

I say unto, thee, To day = “I say unto thee to day”.

To day. Connect this with “I say”, to emphasize the solemnity of the occasion; not with “shalt thou be”. See the Hebraism in note on Deuteronomy 4:26. As to the punctuation, see App-94.; and as to the whole clause, see App-173. with. Greek. meta. App-104. Not the same word as in verses: Luke 23:11, Luke 23:32, Luke 23:35.

paradise = the paradise: i.e. the one well known to Scripture. See note on Ecclesiastes 2:5. Ecclesiastes 2:44 Verses 44-46. Compare Matthew 27:45-50; Mark 15:33-37.

Luke 23:44

sixth hour: i.e. noon. See App-165.

was = came to be.

over. Greek. epi. App-104.

the earth = the land. Greek. ge. App-129.

ninth hour: i.e. 3pm. See App-165.

Luke 23:45

the veil. See Leviticus 4:6. Matthew 27:51.

the Temple- the Naos. See note on Matthew 23:16.

Luke 23:46

commend = commit, or entrust. Compare Psalms 31:5. Acts 7:59. 1 Peter 2:23.

spirit. Greek. pneuma. App-101. Compare Luke 8:55.

gave up the ghost = expired, or breathed (His last).

Luke 23:47

Now, &c. Compare Matthew 27:51-56. Mark 15:39-54.

was done = took place.

Luke 23:48

people = crowds.

were done = took place.

smote, &c. = beating. returned. The women “stood”. returned. Greek. hupostrepho = turned back. Occurs thirty-two times in Luke and Acts, and only three times elsewhere in N.T.

Luke 23:49

And = But. Marking the contrast between the people and the women.

His acquaintance = thosewho knew Him,

followed = followed with.

Galilee. See App-169.

stood = continued standing. The crowds turned back.

beholding = looking on. Greek. horao. App-133.

Luke 23:50

man. Greek. aner. App-123.

Joseph. One of two secret disciples who buried the Lord: Nicodemus being the other (see John 3:1, John 3:4, John 3:9; John 7:50; John 19:39). The Eleven had no part in it.

counsellor. A member of the Sanhedrin.

Luke 23:51

consented = voted with. Greek. sunkatatithemi. Occurs only here. counsel. Greek. Louie. App-102.

of = from. Greek. apo. App-104.

also himself = himself also.

the kingdom of God. See App-114.

Luke 23:52

begged = asked. Greek. aiteo. Same word as “re-quire”, Luke 23:23, and “desire”, Luke 23:25. App-134.

Luke 23:53

linen. Showing he was a rich man. Compare Matthew 27:5 Mark 14:51; Mark 15:46.

sepulchre = tomb.

hewn in stone = hewn in a rock. Greek. laxeutos. Occurs only here. -

never . . . before. Greek. ouk oudepo oudeis.

Luke 23:54

the preparation. See App-156.

the sabbath. The high sabbath. See App-156.

Luke 23:55

came = were come with. Only here and Acts 16:17.

from = out of. Greek ek. App-104. followed after. Greek. sunakoloutheo. Only here and Mark 5:37.

beheld. Greek. theaomai. App-133.

Luke 23:56

prepared, &c. These had to be bought (Mark 16:1) between the two sabbaths. See App-156.

rested. Greek. hesuchazo = to rest from labour. Occurs only here, and in Luke 14:4. Acts 11:18; Acts 21:14; and 1 Thessalonians 4:11.

the commandment. Leviticus 23:4-7. See App-156.