Mark 13

Hendriksen

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-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 7 StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size -9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 jBiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 12 2 8 0 0 CHAPTER XIII) Outline of Chapter 13) Theme: The Work Which Thou Gavest Him To Do) Christ s Discourse on The Last Things) 13:1 4 The Occasion. The Temple s Destruction Foretold) 13:5 13 The Beginning of Woes or Birth Pains) 13:14 23 The Great Tribulation) 13:24 27 The Coming of the Son of Man) 13:28 31 The Lesson from the Fig Tree) 13:32 37 The Necessity of Being Ready Always, in View of the Unknown Day and Hour of Christ s Coming) ) 13:1 4 The Occasion. The Temple s Destruction Foretold) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.1-40.24.3|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.1-40.24.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.5-42.21.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.5-42.21.7|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:5 7) 1 3 2 8 0 0 13 1 Now as he was going out of the temple, one of his disciples remarked to him, Look, Teacher, what huge stones and what magnificent buildings! 2 Jesus said to him, Do you see these great buildings? There will not be left here one stone upon another that will not be thrown down. ) 3 And as he was sitting on the Mount of Olives facing the temple, Peter and James and John and Andrew were asking him privately, 4 Tell us, when will this happen, and what will be the sign when all these things are about to be accomplished? ) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.37|AUTODETECT|” It was with a word of commendation for a poor but generous widow that Jesus left the temple, probably late Tuesday afternoon. This may well have been his final departure, though in view of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.37|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 we cannot be absolutely certain about this.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.25|AUTODETECT|” In the company of his disciples Jesus started off for the Mount of Olives. The discourse on The Last Things which he delivered at this time is found in its most complete form in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.25|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24, 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.1-40.24.35|AUTODETECT|” .) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.1-40.24.35|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:1 35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.1-41.13.31|AUTODETECT|” has a rather close parallel in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.1-41.13.31|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:1 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.36|AUTODETECT|” .) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.36|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.32|AUTODETECT|” parallels ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.32|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.37-40.24.44|AUTODETECT|” , and even ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.37-40.24.44|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:37 44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.33-41.13.37|AUTODETECT|” has something, though little, in common with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.33-41.13.37|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:33 37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.1-40.24.35|AUTODETECT|” , as will be shown when we study the Marcan verses. The Lucan parallel of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.1-40.24.35|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:1 35) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 is found in 21:5 33 (or more loosely in 21:5 36).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.0|AUTODETECT|” By comparing the six sections into which ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.0|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.25|AUTODETECT|” can be divided (see the Outline of Chapter 13) with the ten sections of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.25|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24, 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 see N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 848, 849 it becomes clear that, by and large, Mark s six sections run parallel with the first six of Matthew s ten sections. When there are important variations these will be indicated in connection with the discussion of Mark s individual sections.) 1 4 2 8 0 0

Now as he was going out of the temple, one of his disciples remarked to him, Look, Teacher, what huge stones and what magnificent buildings!) One of the disciples, says Mark. Cf. Matthew s his disciples, and Lukes some, probably meaning some of his disciples. Discrepancy hunters can add these variations to their long lists of Gospel Contradictions. In reality there is more than one way of solving this little puzzle: a.

One disciple Peter perhaps? , in his enthusiasm about the grandeur and beauty of the temple, may have been the first to burst into exuberance; others followed until all joined in; or b. the voice of the one may have been louder than that of the rest.) Again, while according to Mark, the attention of Jesus was called to huge stones and magnificent buildings, and according to Matthew, to buildings, Luke mentions goodly stones and votive offerings, as the objects that gave rise to the disciples enthusiastic exclamations. Certainly all these objects of wonder must have been included.) As to these huge stones and magnificent buildings that formed the temple complex, after what has already been said about these in connection with the explanation of 11:15 see The Description of the Temple nothing need be added.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.38|AUTODETECT|” The reason why just at this particular moment these men were thinking of the temple may well have been that Jesus had just said, Behold, your house is left to you a deserted place 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.38|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 23:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.35|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.35|AUTODETECT|” Luke 13:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Though it is probable that the expression your house meant Jerusalem, its temple was certainly included. It is as if the disciples were saying, Is it true that also this glorious structure is going to be entirely deserted? In substance Jesus answers, Not only deserted but totally destroyed.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 2. Jesus said to him, Do you see these great buildings? There will not be left here one stone upon another that will not be thrown down.��613�� The hyperbolic figure not one stone upon another spelled the totality of the predicted destruction.) As to the fulfilment, when the Jews rebelled against the Romans, Jerusalem was taken by Titus, son of the emperor Vespasian (a.d. 69 79). The temple was destroyed. It is believed that more than a million Jews, who had crowded into the city, perished. As a political unit Israel ceased to exist. As a nation specially favored by the Lord it had reached the end of the road even long before the beginning of the Jewish War.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.2|AUTODETECT|” An ex-combatant and eye-witness, Josephus, almost immediately after the struggle between the Jews and the Romans had ended, began to write his History of the Jewish War. On the whole his narrative may be described as trustworthy, although a definitely pro-Roman bias cannot be denied. Of the seven books into which this work is divided one should read especially books IV VI. A few excerpts from Josephus may illumine the fulfilment of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.2|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.7|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.7|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 22:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.2|AUTODETECT|” 24:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.6|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.20-42.21.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.20-42.21.24|AUTODETECT|” 20 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), and thus also the passage itself:) 1 4 2 8 0 0 That building [the temple at Jerusalem], however, God long ago had sentenced to the flames; but now in the revolution of the time-periods the fateful day had arrived, the tenth of the month Lous, the very day on which previously it had been burned by the king of Babylon.& One of the soldiers, neither awaiting orders nor filled with horror of so dread an undertaking, but moved by some supernatural impulse, snatched a brand from the blazing timber and, hoisted up by one of his fellow soldiers, flung the fiery missile through a golden window.& When the flame rose, a scream, as poignant as the tragedy, went up from the Jews & now that the object which before they had guarded so closely was going to ruin (VI.250 253).) While the sanctuary was burning & neither pity for age nor respect for rank was shown; on the contrary, children and old people, laity and priests alike were massacred (VI.271).) The emperor ordered the entire city and sanctuary to be razed to the ground, except only the highest towers, Phasael, Hippicus, and Mariamne, and that part of the wall that enclosed the city on the west.& All the rest of the wall that surrounded the city was so completely razed to the ground as to leave future visitors to the spot no reason to believe that it had ever been inhabited (VII.1 3).) In addition to Josephus see also the vivid description of The Revolt and its results, in T. Kollek and M. Pearlman, op. cit., pp. 125 135.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.40-43.1.42|AUTODETECT|” 3, 4. And as he was sitting on the Mount of Olives facing the temple, Peter and James and John and Andrew were asking him privately, Tell us, when will this happen, and what will be the sign when all these things are about to be accomplished? The variety in the reporting is again clear. All three inform the reader that there were those who asked Jesus a question. They asked it privately, away from the crowd. Luke merely states, They asked, obviously referring to the disciples.

Matthew has, The disciples came to him privately, saying [or: asking] .& Mark mentions the very names of the disciples who took the lead in asking the question. They were the three Peter, James, and John who are seen together on more than one occasion (5:37; 9:2; 14:33), plus Andrew, Peter s brother (1:16), the one who had brought Peter (=Simon) to Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.40-43.1.42|AUTODETECT|” John 1:40 42) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Also, Mark here as often is the most descriptive. He not only states, as does Matthew, that Jesus and his disciples were sitting on the Mount of Olives, but adds the little touch, facing the temple. ) Sitting there, we can imagine how, looking across the valley, a truly fascinating view disclosed itself to the eyes of the little company. There was the roof of the temple bathed in a sea of golden glory. There were those beautiful terraced courts and also those cloisters of snowy marble which seemed to shine and sparkle in the light of the setting sun. And then to think that all this glory was about to perish! The minds of the disciples reeled and staggered when they pondered that mysterious and awesome prediction.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.48.2|AUTODETECT|” All this glory! Beautiful for elevation, the joy of the whole earth, is Mount Zion & the city of the Great King.& Walk about Zion, and go round about her: count her towers. Mark well her bulwarks. Consider her palaces 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.48.2|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 48:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.48.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.48.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.48.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.48.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). This surely was true no less with respect to the greatly enlarged and lavishly adorned temple which King Herod I had started to build. See above, in connection with 11:15. Nor has there been, either in ancient or modern times, a sacred building equal to the temple, whether for situation or magnificence. ��614�� Rabbinic literature is not particularly favorable to Herod. Nevertheless, concerning Herod s temple it states, He who never saw Herod s edifice has never in his life seen a beautiful building. ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 We can picture the disciples riveting their eyes on Jerusalem s pride, in deep silence and sorrow meditating on the words of doom spoken by Jesus. Finally that silence is broken by the four. Stepping up to Jesus they ask, Tell us, when will this happen, and what will be the sign when all these things are about to be accomplished?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.7|AUTODETECT|” In the light of the immediately preceding context here in Mark, the words, When will this happen& ? would seem to refer to the destruction of city and temple, to that and to nothing else. Nevertheless, a second look at the phraseology note particularly all these things points to a broader, more comprehensive, meaning. Also, in his answer Jesus by no means limits himself to the events that were to occur about the year a.d. 70. See especially verses 6, 10, 21, 26, 27. His prophetic eyes scan the centuries that lie ahead, and he definitely includes his own glorious parousia (second coming) among the things predicted. All in all, therefore, it would seem best to regard the question as reported by Mark 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.7|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) to be an abbreviation of that which Matthew states more fully, namely, Tell us, when will this happen, and what will be the sign of thy coming and of the end of the age? One might perhaps say that Matthew, with Mark s wording before him, explains it by means of amplification.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 The very form in which, according to Matthew, the question is cast seems to indicate that, as these men (spokesmen for the rest of The Twelve) interpret the Master s words, Jerusalem s fall, particularly the destruction of the temple, would mean the end of the world. In this opinion they were partly mistaken, as Jesus is about to show. A lengthy period of time would intervene between Jerusalem s fall and the culmination of the age, the second coming. Nevertheless, the disciples were not entirely wrong: there was indeed a connection between the judgment to be executed upon the Jewish nation and the final judgment on the day of the consummation of all things. The first was a type, a foreshadowing or adumbration, of the second.) With the prediction of the destruction of city and temple, especially the latter, and the immediately following question asked by the four disciples, the occasion or setting has been indicated for Christ s answer, that is, for his discourse on The Last Things. As to the disciples question about the sign, see on verses 14 and 26.) ) 13:5 13 The Beginning of Woes or Birth Pains) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.17-40.10.22|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.17-40.10.22|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:17 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.4-40.24.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.4-40.24.14|AUTODETECT|” 24:4 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.8-42.21.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.8-42.21.19|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:8 19) 1 3 2 8 0 0 5 Jesus began to say��615�� to them, Take care that no one deceives you. 6 Many will come in my name, saying, I am he, and will mislead many. 7 And when you hear of wars and rumors of wars, do not b e disturbed. (Such things) must happen, but (that is) not yet the end. 8 For nation will rise up in arms against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places; there will be famines. But these things are (merely) the beginning of birth pains.) 9 But be on your guard. They will hand you over to councils, and in synagogues you will be flogged. On my account you will have to appear before governors and kings, as a testimony to them. 10 And to all the nations the gospel must first be preached. 11 Whenever you are arrested and taken to trial, do not worry beforehand about what you should say. On the contrary, whatever is given you at that time, that you must say, for it is not you who are speaking but the Holy Spirit. 12 Brother will deliver up brother to death, (the) father (his) child, and children will rise up against (their) parents and will kill them. 13 And you will be hated by all for my name s sake. But he that endures to the end, he will be saved.) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.8-42.21.19|AUTODETECT|” There is a close resemblance between this entire section and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.8-42.21.19|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:8 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . The main differences are:) 1 3 2 8 0 0 a. In addition to earthquakes and famines, as in Mark and Matthew, Luke mentions pestilences, terrors, and signs from heaven. Moreover, according to Luke s report, the signs and earthquakes are going to be great. Continuing Luke s additions (b., c., d.):) b. Affliction awaits the disciples not only in synagogues but also in prisons.) c. The adversaries will be unable to contradict God s persecuted children.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.30|AUTODETECT|” d. Not a hair of their head will perish 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.30|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.10|AUTODETECT|” e. On the other hand, Luke has no parallel to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.10|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , nor to 13:13b.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.8-42.21.11|AUTODETECT|” Addressing ourselves now to the first part of this section, that is, to verses 5 8 of Mark s thirteenth chapter, we notice that this passage and verses 4 8 of Matthew s twenty-fourth chapter are almost identical, and that ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.8-42.21.11|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:8 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 is a close parallel.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 5 8. Jesus began to say��616�� to them, Take care that no one deceives��617�� you. Many will come in my name, saying, I am he, and will mislead many. And when you hear of wars and rumors of wars, do not be disturbed.��618�� (Such things) must happen, but (that is) not yet the end. For nation will rise up in arms against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes��619�� in various places; there will be famines, But these things are (merely) the beginning of birth pains.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.2.19|AUTODETECT|” Jesus now proceeds to correct his disciples mistaken inference. He shows them that not everything that seems to be a sign of the end of the world is in reality such a sign. In other words, there are also signs which only in a very general sense are deserving of that name. Whenever these separate happenings are interpreted as being infallible indications that the end of the age is immediately in sight, they deserve the name mistaken signs. Thus, Jesus predicts the coming of those who will say, I am the Christ. They will mislead many. Those who persist in being misled show that they never belonged to Christ s true flock 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.2.19|AUTODETECT|” I John 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.19|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.11.19|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 11:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). There have always been deceivers and deceived.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 This also holds true with respect to wars and rumors of wars (13:7). When Jesus speaks these words, the Roman empire has been enjoying a long era of peace. But about four decades later political turmoil will upset the great realm from one end to the other, so that Rome will see four emperors in one year: Galba, Otho, Vitellus, and Vespasian. But these violent revolts and insurrections cannot by any stretch of the imagination constitute definite indications that the Lord will return immediately. This is evident at once when one considers the fact that wars and rumors of war did not cease with Jerusalem s fall, Throughout the centuries the prophecy attains fulfilment: nation will rise up in arms against nation, and kingdom against kingdom (verse 8a). One author counted three hundred wars in Europe during the last three hundred years.

And these wars are increasing in intensity. It is perfectly clear that when any particular war is singled out as a help for date-fixers another mistaken sign has been produced.) Jesus also speaks about earthquakes in various places and & famines (verse 8b). As was true with respect to other predicted events, so it is here. These disturbances in the physical realm are indeed foreshadowings and portrayals of that which, on a much more extensive and intensive scale, will take place in the realm of nature at the end of the age; but except in that very general sense they cannot be correctly termed signs. Not any single one of them could ever give anyone the right to make predictions with reference either to the date of Jerusalem s fall or to the time of the Parousia (Christ s second coming). It is true that during the period a.d. 60 80 famine, pestilence, fire, hurricane, and earthquake ravaged the empire, as Renan points out in l Antichrist.

Vesuvius erupted violently in the summer of 79, destroying Pompeii and its surroundings. But, as is already clear from the preceding sentence, these catastrophes were not limited to the decade preceding the fall of Jerusalem in the year 70. Moreover, throughout the centuries there have been violent earthquakes. Ancient historians and philosophers such as Thucydides, Aristotle, Strabo, Seneca, Livy, and Pliny describe similar seismic phenomena in their days. And as early as the year 1668 Robert Hooke wrote his work bearing the title, Discourse on Earthquakes. A certain author counted no less than seven hundred disturbances of this nature, great and small, which had occurred in the nineteenth century!

Famines, too, occur constantly.) Now with respect to events such as these here described Jesus says in verse 8c, These things are (merely) the beginning of birth pains. They mark the beginning, says Jesus. They do not mark the end. Therefore, do not be alarmed.) In spite of this clear warning which our Lord gave to his disciples, many present-day church members are filled with admiration for the minister or evangelist who speaks learnedly about The Signs of the Times, and strives to show his audience that this or that terrible battle, serious earthquake, or devastating famine on the basis of prophecy is the infallible sign of Christ s imminent return.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.33|AUTODETECT|” To be sure, the events here indicated have significance. They are stepping stones leading to the final goal. By means of them the end of the age is both foreshadowed and brought closer, and God s eternal plan is being carried forward. Moreover, when we realize that toward the end of the present dispensation the indicated disturbances will occur together 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.33|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.11|AUTODETECT|” ), will probably be more numerous, extensive, and fearful than ever before 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.11|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.25|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.26|AUTODETECT|” 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), and are going to take place in connection with the great tribulation that will usher in the parousia, we may conclude that it would not be unreasonable to call the final outbreak of these terrors concurrent or accompanying signs. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.9-41.13.13|AUTODETECT|” The paragraph ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.9-41.13.13|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:9 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 is paralleled in Matthew and Luke as follows:) 1 3 2 8 0 0 ) ) 9. But be on your guard. They will hand you over to councils, and in synagogues you will be flogged.��620�� On my account you will have to appear��621�� before governors and kings, as a testimony to them.) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.9|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.17|AUTODETECT|” a reads, Then you will be handed over to tribulation and you will be put to death. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.17|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.18|AUTODETECT|” 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , And beware of men, for they will hand you over to councils, and in their synagogues they will flog you. On my account you will be dragged before governors and kings for a testimony to them and to the Gentiles. Arraignment before councils, synagogues, governors, and kings, such is going to be their lot.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 As to councils, these probably indicate the local Jewish courts, climaxed in the Sanhedrin. It was in the synagogue that those who by the court had been convicted of this or that definite crime were scourged.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.25.1-5.25.3|AUTODETECT|” Jewish sources contain detailed regulations regarding such scourging. One judge would recite an appropriate passage from Deuteronomy or from the Psalms, a second would count the blows 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.25.1-5.25.3|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 25:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.24|AUTODETECT|” ), a third would issue a command before each blow, etc.��622�� From the book of Acts (22:19) we learn that Saul (=Paul) of Tarsus caused believers in Christ to receive this horrible punishment. After his conversion be himself was going to be similarly tortured. He was going to write, From the Jews five times I received forty lashes less one 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.24|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 11:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.20|AUTODETECT|” ). It was the servant of the synagogue 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.20|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) who was charged with the responsibility of delivering the blows.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.1|AUTODETECT|” As to governors, think of such procurators as Pontius Pilate, Felix, and Festus; as to kings, of Herod Agrippa I 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.1|AUTODETECT|” Acts 12:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.25.13|AUTODETECT|” ) and of Agrippa II 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.25.13|AUTODETECT|” Acts 25:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.25.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.25.24|AUTODETECT|” 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.25.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.25.26|AUTODETECT|” 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.9|AUTODETECT|” ). Even Herod Antipas, who technically was not a king, is also given that title at times 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.9|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 14:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.14|AUTODETECT|” Mark 6:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.15|AUTODETECT|” ). It was Pontius Pilate who sentenced Jesus to die on the cross, after he had sent him to king Herod Antipas 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.15|AUTODETECT|” Mark 15:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.6-42.23.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.6-42.23.12|AUTODETECT|” Luke 23:6 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.1|AUTODETECT|” ). It was King Herod Agrippa I who killed James (son of Zebedee, and brother of the apostle John). See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.1|AUTODETECT|” Acts 12:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.25.13|AUTODETECT|” . From ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.25.13|AUTODETECT|” Acts 25:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.12|AUTODETECT|” it appears that Paul was brought before King Agrippa II and the procurator Festus. He gave a wonderful testimony as he had also done previously before the procurator Felix. It is understandable that such testimonies were also given before other Gentiles, namely, those who were either present or subsequently heard what had been said. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.12|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.22|AUTODETECT|” 4:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Thus the good news would continue to spread.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Thus, a. the initial fulfilment of this prophecy was a matter of the immediate future, as is clear from already existing conditions and attitudes; and b. details concerning its subsequent fulfilment are recorded in the book of Acts and in the epistles. See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.8-66.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.8-66.2.11|AUTODETECT|” 2:8 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.6.9-66.6.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.6.9-66.6.11|AUTODETECT|” 6:9 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.6|AUTODETECT|” 12:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.13-66.12.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.13-66.12.17|AUTODETECT|” 13 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.4|AUTODETECT|” What is all-important is the fact that Jesus says this will happen on my account. When anyone persecutes Christ s disciple he is persecuting Christ himself, a fact that was stamped so indelibly upon the mind and heart of Paul (and through him upon Luke s consciousness) that, however much the accounts of Paul s conversion may vary, the words, Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me? are found in all three 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.4|AUTODETECT|” Acts 9:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.7|AUTODETECT|” 22:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.14|AUTODETECT|” 26:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). That means that the persecuted one is never separated from Christ s love and from the strength and the comfort he imparts.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.14|AUTODETECT|” 10. And to all the nations the gospel must first be preached. The parallel passage, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.14|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , reads, And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in the whole world as a testimony to all the nations, and then will come the end. ) 1 2 2 8 0 0 The following points deserve special attention:) a. The gospel indicates God s message of salvation by his grace through faith in Jesus Christ. For the special section on What is the Gospel? see N.T.C. on Philippians, pp. 81 85.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.5|AUTODETECT|” b. All the nations, the whole world. In spite of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.5|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.24|AUTODETECT|” 15:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” which passages merely indicate that God intended to have the good tidings proclaimed first to the Jews, then to the Gentiles , it must be maintained that from the very beginning the Gentiles were included in the divine plan of redemption. Jesus knew this. He wanted it. His sympathies were certainly just as wide as those of the inspired authors of the Old Testament books. From the very beginning salvation was intended to be for all those who, by sovereign grace, placed their trust in him, whether Jew or Gentile. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” John 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.72.8-19.72.11|AUTODETECT|” , with its whosoever believes doctrine expresses this exactly. For the Old Testament see not only ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.72.8-19.72.11|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 72:8 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.72.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.72.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.87.0|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.87.0|AUTODETECT|” 87) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.96.1-19.96.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.96.1-19.96.10|AUTODETECT|” 96:1 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.42.1-23.42.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.42.1-23.42.7|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 42:1 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.15-40.12.21|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.15-40.12.21|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 12:15 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.12.3|AUTODETECT|” ); 49:6 12; 52:10; 60:1 3, 6; but also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.12.3|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 12:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.18.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.18.18|AUTODETECT|” 18:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.26.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.26.4|AUTODETECT|” 26:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.28.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.28.14|AUTODETECT|” 28:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; to which many others could be added.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 c. must & be preached. ) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.14|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.10|AUTODETECT|” stresses what was going to happen. In how far this prophecy has already been fulfilled, and also the extent to which it is still unfulfilled, has been described in N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 855, 856. Our present passage, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.10|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.11|AUTODETECT|” , emphasizes the must aspect of this truth. The world-wide proclamation of the gospel is a divine must. It must occur, for this is God s will, his decree from eternity. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.11|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.11-49.2.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.11-49.2.22|AUTODETECT|” 2:11 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.18-40.28.20|AUTODETECT|” . That decree, moreover, includes the believers responsibility to see to it that, by strength and grace from above, God s will is carried out. Moreover, God has so commanded 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.18-40.28.20|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 28:18 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.47|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.47|AUTODETECT|” Luke 24:47) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.12|AUTODETECT|” ). Also, the world sorely needs this gospel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Acts 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.21-45.3.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.21-45.3.24|AUTODETECT|” 3:21 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.21-46.1.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.21-46.1.24|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:21 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.24.21|AUTODETECT|” ). Add to this the fact that we have this gospel, and more and more we are coming into possession of the tools that enable us to proclaim it unprecedented progress in the knowledge of foreign languages and dialects; transportation and travel facilities beyond anything the world has ever known; the material means to provide missionaries, to care for them, house them, and to build chapels. We have the radio, television, and recording facilities. The time is now! To be sure, we are not able to look into hearts, but if lives mean anything, they seem to indicate that the gap between a. the curve showing those dying unsaved, and b. the curve, indicating those who during the same time period (week, month, year, decade) are being converted, is not narrowing but is adversely widening. This is a thought that should weigh very heavily upon the conscience of every believer.

Finally, many doors are still open. They will not always remain open. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.21|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.22|AUTODETECT|” 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29|AUTODETECT|” 29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.19|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.11.7-66.11.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.11.7-66.11.10|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 11:7 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.3|AUTODETECT|” 20:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.7-66.20.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.7-66.20.9|AUTODETECT|” 7 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.9.4|AUTODETECT|” a; and cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.9.4|AUTODETECT|” John 9:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.3|AUTODETECT|” d. must first be preached. In view of verses 21, 26 and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.30|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.24.30|AUTODETECT|” 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , this means: before Christ returns.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 e. must & be preached. See on 14:9.) Even though the most bitter persecution of believers will not occur until just previous to the Lord s return, hard times are in store for his disciples even now. They should be mentally prepared for them. Despair, for example, in connection with the question how they should answer their tormentors, should never enter their hearts:) 11. Whenever you are arrested and taken to trial, do not worry beforehand about what you should say. On the contrary, whatever is given you at that time, that you must say, for it is not you who are speaking but the Holy Spirit.

How to conduct oneself before judges, including even governors and kings (see verse 9), how to address them, and what to say in defense, might well fill these men with apprehension and horror. Very strikingly Jesus says, Do not worry beforehand, in other words, Fight that habit. Continue to arm yourselves against it. Stop this tendency of being distracted, with your mind being drawn in opposite directions, from faith to fear, and from fear to faith. ��623��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.14|AUTODETECT|” The reason given is: the Holy Spirit will supply the necessary words, incontrovertible words of wisdom 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.14|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.26|AUTODETECT|” ). This does not mean that the mind of the persecuted apostle is a tabula rasa (blank tablet) and that then in some mechanical fashion God will suddenly begin to write words upon that blank space. On the contrary, neither when these witnesses are brought to trial nor when they write books or epistles will their personality be suppressed, or will the previous apostolic training which they received from Jesus be nullified. All this will be enlivened and sharpened and raised to a higher plane of activity. It is in the organic sense that what they must speak will be given to them in that hour. The Father s Spirit will be speaking in them, and that very Spirit, namely, the Holy Spirit, the third person of the Holy Trinity, will remind them of everything that Jesus himself said to them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.26|AUTODETECT|” John 14:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.51.11|AUTODETECT|” ). That Spirit was at work already long before Pentecost 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.51.11|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 51:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). But on and after Pentecost he was going to be poured out in all his fulness.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.8-44.4.12|AUTODETECT|” That this prophecy, too, was gloriously fulfilled is evident from the speeches of Peter, or Peter and John 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.8-44.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Acts 4:8 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.39-44.22.21|AUTODETECT|” , with the effect upon the audience described in 4:13, 14) and from those of Paul 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.39-44.22.21|AUTODETECT|” Acts 21:39 22:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.1|AUTODETECT|” 23:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.10-44.24.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.10-44.24.21|AUTODETECT|” 24:10 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.1-44.26.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.1-44.26.23|AUTODETECT|” 26:1 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.11.15|AUTODETECT|” Confessing Jesus will create division even within the family circle: 12. Brother will deliver up brother to death, (the) father (his) child, and children will rise up against (their) parents and will kill them. True, this last clause can also be rendered, and cause them to be put to death. Basically, however, this makes little difference. The person who unjustly causes someone to be put to death is as guilty as if he had committed the act with his own hand. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.11.15|AUTODETECT|” II Sam. 11:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.12.9|AUTODETECT|” , cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.12.9|AUTODETECT|” 12:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.21.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.21.13|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 21:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.27|AUTODETECT|” , cf. verse 19; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.27|AUTODETECT|” Mark 6:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , cf. and turn back to verse 16.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Jesus here predicts that the Christ-hating son is going to hand over his own brother to be put to death; the father his child; children their parents.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.4.8|AUTODETECT|” History supplies numerous illustrations of the kind of fratricide, filicide, and parenticide here indicated. Because of basic religious differences, intra-family relationships were often far from ideal. Did not Cain slay his brother Abel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.4.8|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 4:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.4|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 11:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=6.24.31|AUTODETECT|” )? The fact that children would at times in large numbers abandon (in the sense explained below; see on verse 13a) the faith of their fathers is implied in such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=6.24.31|AUTODETECT|” Josh. 24:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=33.7.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=33.7.6|AUTODETECT|” Mic. 7:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.6|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 4:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.9.0|AUTODETECT|” . Conversely, the parents of a son, who was born blind and who with his vision restored accepted the Healer as his Lord, behaved in a cowardly manner. They refused to join their son in his frank and precious confession. They feared expulsion from the synagogue 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.9.0|AUTODETECT|” John 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). So sometimes it was a brother who was at fault, sometimes a father, sometimes a child.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.33|AUTODETECT|” It is clear that at bottom the cleavage took place on account of Christ. See verse 9. The same fact is established by verse 13a. And you will be hated by all for my name s sake. The meaning is, You will continue to be hated.��624�� The form of the expression may well imply that Jesus was not thinking only of what would happen to The Twelve but also of the persecutions to be endured by their successors in future years, in fact until his return. See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.33|AUTODETECT|” John 16:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.4.8-47.4.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.4.8-47.4.10|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 4:8 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.13|AUTODETECT|” I John 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.37|AUTODETECT|” . The expression hated by all must mean, by men in general, regardless of rank, station, race, nationality, sex, or age. Is not the same true also with respect to the use of all in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.37|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.20|AUTODETECT|” 5:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.32|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.32|AUTODETECT|” 11:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.15|AUTODETECT|” Luke 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.26|AUTODETECT|” John 3:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ? Because the world hates Christ it also hates his representatives.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 There is comfort, however, in the assurance, 13b. But he that endures to the end, he will be saved. He who remains loyal to Christ throughout the period of persecution will enter into glory. For himself this period of persecution will last until death delivers him from this earthly scene. For the church in general it will last until Christ s return in glory.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.7|AUTODETECT|” Note this victorious ending. Moreover, the essence of this being saved is set forth beautifully in such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.7|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 2:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.26|AUTODETECT|” 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.27|AUTODETECT|” 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.28|AUTODETECT|” 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.5|AUTODETECT|” 3:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.7.9-66.7.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.7.9-66.7.17|AUTODETECT|” 7:9 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.13|AUTODETECT|” 14:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.1-66.21.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.1-66.21.7|AUTODETECT|” 21:1 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.14|AUTODETECT|” . In times of most bitter persecution by no means all covenant children would become untrue to the faith. In fact, not any of those who had been truly regenerated perish in unbelief 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.14|AUTODETECT|” John 4:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.28|AUTODETECT|” 10:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.37-45.8.39|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.37-45.8.39|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:37 39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.2.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.2.19|AUTODETECT|” I John 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). But in times of persecution many of those whose worship of God had been of a merely outward character would be quick to join the forces of the enemy, some of them even becoming informers against members of their own families. The truly regenerated were going to remain loyal to the very end. And those faithful until death would include boys and girls of tender years.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Of the traditional ten persecutions (from Nero to Diocletian) the last one was also the most violent. Its aim was to terminate the church, to destroy it once for all. Appropriately it began with the festival of Terminalia, Feb. 23, a.d. 303. But even this supreme effort was in vain. Tertullian was right, Go on, rack, torture, grind us to powder: our numbers increase in proportion as you mow us down. The blood of Christians is their harvest seed.

With Constantine remember in hoc signo vinces ; i.e., in this sign you will conquer paganism, at least officially, met its doom, a.d. 312. Nothing, but nothing not even Hades can prevail against the church. That church is safe because it is what Christ calls my church. ��625��) ) 13:14 23 The Great Tribulation) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.15-40.24.25|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.15-40.24.25|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:15 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.20-42.21.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.20-42.21.24|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:20 24) 1 2 2 8 0 0 14 Now when you see the desolating sacrilege, standing where he has no right to be let him who reads understand , then let those in Judea flee to the hills; 15 let him who (happens to be) on the housetop not go down or enter his house to get something out; 16 and let him who is in the field not go back to get his coat. 17 But woe to those who are pregnant and to those who nurse babies in those days! 18 And pray that it may not occur in winter, 19 for those will be days of tribulation, such as there has never been since (the) beginning of (the) creation which God created, until now, and never again will be. 20 And unless the Lord had cut short those days, no one would be saved. But for the sake of the elect, whom he elected for himself, he shortened the days. 21 At that time if anyone should say to you, Look, here (is) the Christ! or Look, there (he is)! do not believe (him); 22 for false Christs will arise and false prophets, and will perform signs and miracles, so as to mislead, if possible, the elect. 23 But as to yourselves, be on your guard; I have told you everything ahead of time.) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.20-42.21.24|AUTODETECT|” As for the parallel passages, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.20-42.21.24|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:20 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.9.27|AUTODETECT|” has little to say on this subject. Nevertheless, what it does say contains points of special interest, items not or not as clearly found in Matthew and Mark. Jerusalem is going to be surrounded by armies (verse 20; cf. 19:43). Not only should those who are in Jerusalem get out, but also those in the country must not enter the city (verse 21). Predictions of punishment will be fulfilled (verse 22). Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.9.27|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 9:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.25|AUTODETECT|” b; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.25|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 11:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.16|AUTODETECT|” b; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.16|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 b. Similarly, the people will fall by the edge of the sword, and Jerusalem will be trampled on by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled (verse 24). It is clear that according to Luke what Jesus was predicting spanned the entire new dispensation, reaching to its very end.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.24.26|AUTODETECT|” Matthew s parallel (24:15 25) matches Mark s passage (13:14 23) almost exactly. The most important variations are as follows: a. While both mention the desolating sacrilege, and contain the words, let him who reads understand, Matthew adds which was spoken of through Daniel the prophet. Also Mark s rather obscure phrase standing where he ought not is clarified by Matthew s standing in the holy place. b. Instead of Mark s, And pray that it may not occur in winter, Matthew reads, Pray that your flight may not occur in winter or on the sabbath. c. Where Mark has, & so as to mislead, if possible, the elect, Matthew has so as to mislead, if possible, even the elect.

No doubt, this even is also implied in Mark. Up to this point Matthew in these few cases seems to express Christ s words somewhat more fully than does Mark. But now notice d. According to Matthew s report Jesus said, See, I have told you ahead of time. Mark presents this same idea in the more expanded form, But as to yourselves, be on your guard; I have told you everything ahead of time. Finally, e.

Matthew continues for a few more verses (24:26 28) after Mark leaves off. For ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.26|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.27|AUTODETECT|” 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.23|AUTODETECT|” see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.23|AUTODETECT|” Luke 17:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.24|AUTODETECT|” 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.37|AUTODETECT|” , and with verse 28 cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.37|AUTODETECT|” Luke 17:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.26-40.24.28|AUTODETECT|” . For the rest see N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.24.26-40.24.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:26 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , pp. 861, 862.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 14. Now when you see the desolating sacrilege, standing where he has no right to be let him who reads understand , then let those in Judea flee to the hills.) The disciples had asked, Tell us, when will this happen, and what will be the sign when all these things are about to be accomplished (verses 3, 4)? Jesus has already shown that many disturbances will occur (verses 5 9). These, however, do not mark the end. Instead, they are the beginning of birth pains. He has also predicted that a lengthy period of gospel proclamation will intervene before the day of his return (verse 10).

He has warned his disciples to stand firm, even though the opposition against them should come from the members of their own families. He has assured them that at their trials the Holy Spirit will give them words to speak, and that, though hated by all for his name s sake, those who endure to the end will be saved (verses 11 13).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.20|AUTODETECT|” The end will come at last. The end for what? For Jerusalem? For the world in general? One fact is clear: Christ s discourse is gradually bending towards its close. In verse 26, which belongs to the next section, there is mention of the Son of man coming in clouds with great power and glory. The tribulation, described in verses 14 23 see especially verses 14 20 , and mentioned again in verse 24, will pave the way for the Son of man s brilliant return.& Nevertheless, do not verses 14 18 describe what will happen in Judea? A parallel passage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.20|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , and cf. also verse 24) even speaks about Jerusalem surrounded by armies!) 1 5 2 8 0 0 How, then, must we interpret these words? Among theories that deserve consideration are the following:) a. Verses 14 18 refer to the woes that were to befall Jerusalem and Judea, resulting in Jerusalem s fall, a.d. 70. The remainder of the passage (verses 19 23, at least verses 19, 20) describes the great tribulation that will immediately precede Christ s return. ) Objection. It is impossible thus to separate these verses. They are too closely connected for this manipulation.

Proof: with reference to what has just been said in verses 14 18, verse 19 continues, for those will be days of tribulation such as there has never been since the beginning of creation & and never again will be. ) b. The entire section, verses 14 23, being a unit, describes Jerusalem s fall. It refers to that, to nothing else.) Objection. In verse 19 the tribulation is described as has just been indicated. We know that what befell Jerusalem and Judea in a.d. 70 was indescribably horrible. Nevertheless, can it be truly maintained that it was more frightful than that which took place under Hitler, who ordered the extermination of an entire race, so that an estimated five or six million Jews were most cruelly murdered?

Is it possible to forget Auschwitz, Mauthausen, and Dachau?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29|AUTODETECT|” Besides, the fact that the tribulation here referred to cannot exclusively point to a.d. 70 is clear from verses 24, 26, for the coming of the Son of man in clouds with great power and glory follows this tribulation; in fact, follows it immediately 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 c. The entire section, verses 13 23, exclusively describes the great tribulation that will immediately precede Christ s return. It has nothing to do with Jerusalem s fall in the year a.d. 70.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.14|AUTODETECT|” Objection. As already mentioned, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.14|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.20|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.20|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) clearly refers to the days of woe that were going to result in the fall of Jerusalem a.d. 70. It is impossible to interpret that verse and in fact all of verses 14 18 as if no reference is made to Judea s impending disaster.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Now if, as we have seen, none of the aforementioned theories satisfies, what then? Answer: We are dealing here with prophetic passages. The only safe and sound way to interpret them is in line with other similar passages. Two or even more events are viewed as if they were one. The prophet whether Isaiah, Joel, Micah, Malachi & Jesus Christ views the future as a traveler beholds a distant mountain range. He sees one peak rising right behind another. And from where he stands, he describes the future exactly as he sees it. Yet, the closer one gets to the first peak, the greater the distance is seen to be between peak No. 1 and peak No. 2.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.1-23.11.4|AUTODETECT|” Thus, for example, Messiah s first coming with good tidings and his second coming unto judgment are combined in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.1-23.11.4|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 11:1 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=29.2.28-29.2.31|AUTODETECT|” and in 61:1, 2. So are also Pentecost and the great and terrible day of Jehovah, in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=29.2.28-29.2.31|AUTODETECT|” Joel 2:28 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.7.12-10.7.16|AUTODETECT|” . For other illustrations of this prophetic foreshortening.��626�� study ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.7.12-10.7.16|AUTODETECT|” II Sam. 7:12 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.14|AUTODETECT|” . So also here, in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.14|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ff., (at least) two momentous events are intertwined: a. the judgment upon Jerusalem, leading to its fall in the year a.d. 70, and b. the tribulation climaxed by the final judgment at the close of the world s history. Our Lord predicts the city s approaching catastrophe as a type of the tribulation at the end of the new dispensation. Or, stating it differently, in describing the brief period of great tribulation at the close of history, ending with the final judgment, Jesus paints in colors borrowed from the clearly foreseen destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans.��627��) 1 1 2 8 0 0 It is not claimed that any exegete is able completely to untangle what is here intertwined, so as to indicate accurately for each individual passage exactly how much of its contents refers to Jerusalem s fall and how much to the final great tribulation. All that is claimed is that by following the rule here stated that of the recognition of prophetic foreshortening and closely related multiple fulfilment the passage is placed in its own prophetic category where it belongs, and is thus interpreted.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.11.31|AUTODETECT|” We referred in the preceding paragraph to a twofold fulfilment: a. In a.d. 70 and b. just previous to Christ s return. But the traveler of the illustration may see more than two peaks. So it is also with the prophet. In our present passage there is reference first of all to what Daniel predicted when he spoke about the desolating sacrilege. It is called a sacrilege because it defames or pollutes what is holy. Because of this it renders desolate. See especially ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.11.31|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 11:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.12.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.12.11|AUTODETECT|” 12:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.21.20|AUTODETECT|” . In accordance with that prophet s prediction Antiochus Epiphanes (175 164 b.c.), unaware that he was indeed fulfilling prophecy, and being thoroughly responsible for his own wicked deed, erected a pagan altar over the altar of burnt-offering, thus polluting the house of God and rendering it desolate and unusable. This had happened long ago. See I Macc. 1:54, 59. Nevertheless, Jesus says, Now when you see the desolating sacrilege. The implication is that a divine oracle may apply to more than one historical situation.

The sacrilege that results in the desolation of city and temple takes place more than once in history. Let the man who reads Daniel s prophecy understand this! Just as in the past the holy places of the Lord had been desecrated, so it will happen again. And it did indeed take place when the Roman armies, with the image of the emperor on their standards, an image and an emperor worshiped by them��628�� laid siege to the city of Jerusalem 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.20|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 With respect to this second fulfilment of Daniel s prophecy other interpreters think of the attempt of emperor Caligula (Gaius Caesar) to have a statue of himself erected in the temple at Jerusalem. The contemplated desecration, which as a result of massive Jewish resistance was postponed by proconsul Petronius, was subsequently prevented by the assassination of the insane emperor (January of the year a.d. 41).��629�� But to see in this episode a further fulfilment of Daniel s prophecy, and to conclude that Jesus was thinking of that mad emperor s plan, is probably wrong; for, a. both Daniel and Jesus predict actual events, not threats that were never carried out; and b. Jesus has in mind a personal agent standing where he has no right to be, ��630�� not just a statue.) But just as the pagan altar and the swine offered upon it in the very temple of Jehovah in the second century b.c. pointed forward to the idolatrous legions of Rome, so these in turn foreshadowed the final anti-christ s desecration of all that is sacred. It is for this reason that in verses 24 26 Jesus is able to say, But in those days, after [Matthew immediately after ] that tribulation, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give her light.& And then they will see the Son of man coming in clouds with great power and glory. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.21|AUTODETECT|” With respect, then, to the second fulfilment of this prophecy, namely, in the days just previous to Jerusalem s fall, Jesus warns his followers that when the Roman armies are arriving, his followers in Judea should flee to the hills. By all means they must not try to enter Jerusalem. Those in the country must not try to enter the city 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.21.21|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 3 2 8 0 0 When the time of bitter trial arrived, what actually happened? The Jews in general did the very opposite: they rushed into the city. This resulted in a terrible blood bath. But did Christ s followers heed his exhortation to flee to the hills? According to many commentators they did, and finally found refuge in Perean Pella. But this is a theory for which there is no undisputed historical evidence.

For more on this see N.T.C. on Matthew, p. 858. Let us hope that many believers obeyed their Lord s kind and urgent warning, which continues as follows:) 15, 16. Let him who (happens to be) on the housetop not go down or enter his house to get something out; and let him who is in the field not go back to get his coat.) The man who is on the flat roof, from which by an outside ladder he is able to descend in order as quickly as possible to flee to the hills, must not, after descending, go into the house to recover any of his goods. Similarly, the laborer, dressed only in his tunic, and thus working in the field, must not go back from the field into his house to get his coat, but should immediately take off for the hills. Delay, in either case, might mean being captured, turned back, or perhaps even being killed.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.14.6|AUTODETECT|” The sympathetic heart of our Lord, revealed on so many previous occasions as recorded in this Gospel (1:41; 2:15, 17; 5:34, 41 43; 6:50; 8:2, 3; 10:13 16, 21) is deeply affected by two additional considerations: a. the plight of women (verse 17), and b. travel difficulties during winter (verse 18). 17. But woe to those who are pregnant��631�� and to those who nurse babies��632�� in those days! It is a well-known fact that even though woman, having been created last of all, has been called the crown of God s creation, she has by no means always received the consideration due to her. Boris Pasternak, in his famous Doctor Zhivago��633�� represents one of that novel s characters as affirming that a wife is of no greater significance than a flea or a louse! Read also S. M.

Zwemer s book, Across The World of Islam.��634�� It may be objected, however, that conditions are changing, and that much has happened not only in Turkey but also elsewhere favorably affecting the status of women. After all, Zwemer s book was written a long time ago. Accordingly, we would direct the readers attention also to the much more recent study by W. C. Smith, Islam in Modern History.��635�� The author, in a most interesting, penetrating, and thought-provoking manner, discusses some of the changes in the Muslim world. Could it be that Christianity is one of the factors that must be given credit for these positive developments?

On pp. 303, 304 Smith gives his answer. He also has something to say about what he considers the essence of the spiritual welfare of the Muslims, p. 305. But is not the only real solution the turning of these people, and of all others, to Christ and salvation in him? See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.6|AUTODETECT|” John 14:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Acts 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.22-49.5.23|AUTODETECT|” . Is it not through him alone that a woman attains her true dignity? See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.22-49.5.23|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:22 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.40-41.12.44|AUTODETECT|” At a time when women in general were underrated by many, and even despised by some, it was Jesus who showed special kindness to widows 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.40-41.12.44|AUTODETECT|” Mark 12:40 44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.11-42.7.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.11-42.7.17|AUTODETECT|” Luke 7:11 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.1-42.18.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.1-42.18.8|AUTODETECT|” 18:1 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.47-42.21.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.47-42.21.4|AUTODETECT|” 20:47 21:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.36-42.7.50|AUTODETECT|” ); to women who were, or had been, living in sin 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.36-42.7.50|AUTODETECT|” Luke 7:36 50) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.1-43.4.30|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.1-43.4.30|AUTODETECT|” John 4:1 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.26|AUTODETECT|” ); and even at the time of his final agony, to his own mother 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.26|AUTODETECT|” John 19:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.27|AUTODETECT|” 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It is to him not to modified Islam, or to this or that extremist movement that also the women of today should turn for direction, help, and comfort.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.15.16|AUTODETECT|” In the present passage the Lord reveals his sympathy for women who during times of great political and social distress are pregnant or are nursing babies. What a vast difference between Menahem and the Messiah! The former was the cruel monster who, after seizing Israel s vacant throne, razed a city that refused to acknowledge him as the new ruler, and ripped open all its pregnant women 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.15.16|AUTODETECT|” II Kings 15:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.8.12|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.8.12|AUTODETECT|” 8:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=30.1.13|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=30.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Amos 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). If anyone should maintain that this happened in barbarous times, and that surely in the enlightened 19th and 20th centuries everybody at least in Europe and America has been and is treating women kindly, he should read Dee Brown s Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee.��636��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.20|AUTODETECT|” Continued: 18. And pray that it may not occur in winter.& ��637�� Winter is the stormy, the bad weather season. Even snow cannot be entirely ruled out. So Jesus admonished his disciples to pray that it namely your flight 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.24.20|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) may not occur at that time.��638�� They must pray in fact, must keep on praying for a favorable weather situation.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 But are not weather conditions brought about by the laws of nature? Answer: These so-called laws, being scientific descriptions of that which happens, or generally happens, in the realm of nature, must not be thought of as independent forces. On the contrary, it is God who is and remains in full control. By and large, man is unable to change nature s ways. In fact, even the predictions of the experts are not always reliable. Though weather forecasting has made progress for which we should be thankful, the following is a true account.

Recently, for the Boston area all forecasters predicted the worst snowstorm of the season for the next morning. So, school classes were canceled, snowplows readied. And then? & Not even one tiny snowflake appeared!��639��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.17.1|AUTODETECT|” On the other hand, Elijah prayed, and the rains were withheld. He prayed again, with the result that the heaven gave rain, and the earth brought forth its fruit 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.17.1|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 17:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.18.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.18.1|AUTODETECT|” 18:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.17|AUTODETECT|” James 5:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.18|AUTODETECT|” 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 From what immediately follows it is evident once again that for Jesus the transition from the second to the third application of Daniel s prediction, without ever forgetting the second, was as easy as that from the first (the tribulation during the days of Antiochus Epiphanes) to the second (the distress in connection with the fall of Jerusalem): 19, 20 & for those will be days of tribulation, such as there has never been since (the) beginning of (the) creation which God created, until now, and never again will be.��640�� And unless the Lord had cut short those days, no one would be saved.��641�� But for the sake of the elect, whom he elected for himself,��642�� he shortened the days.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4|AUTODETECT|” For the sake of his chosen ones see N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , in order that not all might have to die a violent death, the Lord decided to cut short the days of the final tribulation.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.7.14|AUTODETECT|” As to tribulation, or, according to Matthew, the great tribulation, to which Jesus here refers, care should be exercised. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.7.14|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 7:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.7.0|AUTODETECT|” also speaks about the great tribulation. Are these two the same? The answer is: they are not. As the context in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.7.0|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.33|AUTODETECT|” indicates, the word is used there in a far more general sense. Because of his faith every genuine child of God experiences tribulation during his life on earth. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.33|AUTODETECT|” John 16:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.18|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.18|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.4.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.4.17|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 4:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.12|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.19|AUTODETECT|” . But in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.19|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.21|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.21|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.22|AUTODETECT|” 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29-40.24.31|AUTODETECT|” ) Jesus is speaking about a tribulation that will characterize those days, a definite period of dire distress, of short duration, that will occur immediately before his return 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29-40.24.31|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:29 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.3|AUTODETECT|” ). It is the brief period or little season mentioned also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.3|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 20:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.7-66.20.9|AUTODETECT|” b, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.7-66.20.9|AUTODETECT|” 7 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.11.7-66.11.9|AUTODETECT|” a; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.11.7-66.11.9|AUTODETECT|” 11:7 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 3 2 8 0 0 It should hardly be necessary to add that justice is not done to the concept of this tribulation, one that immediately precedes the close of the world s history and surpasses any other distress in its intensity, if it is referred solely to the sorrows experienced during the fall of Jerusalem.) With due regard for Vincent Taylor s Commentary, which in many respects is excellent, I must dissent from his view (op. cit., p. 515) that verse 20 is not necessarily an authentic saying, one actually uttered by Jesus. He speaks of apocalyptic speculation, foreign to Christ s teaching.) Objections:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.12.7|AUTODETECT|” a. The idea of the shortening of the time is found not only in such uncanonical literature as Hen. 80:2; IV Ezra 4:26; Apoc. Abr. 29:4; Apoc. Bar. 20:1 (see also S.BK.I, p. 953), but also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.12.7|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 12:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . While the figure 7 expresses fulness, 3� indicates the halving, hence shortening, of this fulness.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.30.5|AUTODETECT|” Entirely in line with this is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.30.5|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 30:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 :) 1 4 2 8 0 0 For his anger lasts but a moment;) His favor for a lifetime;) Weeping may tarry for the night,) But in the morning there is a joyful song. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.20|AUTODETECT|” This is by no means all. The idea that with respect to those whom he has chosen that is the context here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.20|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.9|AUTODETECT|” ! and for their sake, periods of tribulation do not last long but are shortened, is firmly fixed in the Old Testament. In addition to the passages already given see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.9|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 103:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.26.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.26.20|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 26:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.54.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.54.7|AUTODETECT|” 54:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.54.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.54.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.20|AUTODETECT|” b. Since Mark s chapter 13 and its parallels contain almost all of the strictly apocalyptic teaching of our Lord that is recorded in the New Testament, comparison with his other teaching e.g., Sermon on the Mount , which contains very little material of this nature, seems hardly fair. On the basis of non-apocalyptical or non-eschatological discourses and sayings of Jesus to draw the conclusion that ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.20|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 is not necessarily an authentic saying is unwarranted.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 c. As Taylor himself admits, the Semitic character of verses 19 and 20 is unmistakable.��643�� This tallies with the fact that Jesus, who addressed his disciples in Aramaic, a widely spoken Semitic tongue, may well have used this kind of language.) Deserving special study are the words (the) creation which God created (verse 19), and the elect whom he elected for himself (verse 20). Such repetition of cognates has been called pleonastic, redundant, tautological. Sometimes one is given the impression that such a repetition is Mark s poor style, which Matthew corrects. The fact is, however, that the modifiers really add something in fact, something of significance to the words they modify. So, for example, even today many speak flippantly about the whole creation, but persist in denying that God created it!

The phrase the elect is also found in their conversation and in their literature, but often as a term of derision. These same people would scornfully reject the very suggestion that God actually chose anyone for himself from all eternity. Mark s words, accordingly, are those of a thoroughly inspired writer. Neither his nor any other Gospel writer s mode of expression is in need of correction. The Gospels present a true and interestingly varied account of Christ s teaching as, under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, it was reflected in the consciousness of each evangelist.) Continued: 21, 22. At that time if anyone should say to you, Look, here (is) the Christ! or Look, there (he is)! do not believe (him); for false Christs will arise and false prophets, and will perform signs and miracles, so as to mislead, if possible, the elect.��644��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.24|AUTODETECT|” Clearly, the word then or at that time links this passage with the preceding (see verses 19, 20), that is, with the most severe tribulation of all, an affliction foreshadowed, to be sure, by the bitter trial that resulted in Jerusalem s fall, but going beyond that, as the connection between verses 21 23 and 24 27 clearly shows. That there were false prophets at the time of Jerusalem s fall is clear from Josephus, Jewish Wars VI.285 288.��645�� Far more obvious, however, is the fact that in the final analysis Jesus is here referring to what will happen during the bitter days that are going to precede his return. Then especially there will be those who claim that the Christ has already arrived. Excitedly they will even point to the place where presumably he has landed. The pseudo-prophet will say that this or that other person is the Christ. The pseudo-Christ will say that he himself is the Christ. By means of a mighty display of a. signs supernatural feats that point away from the performer to the enabler , and b. wonders, miracles, or marvels the same astonishing performances viewed now from the aspect of their effect upon spectators , these deceivers will try to mislead, if possible, the elect; yes even 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.24|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ) them! The implication is that to successfully mislead God s elect, so that until the day of their death they would permit themselves to resemble wandering stars, is impossible. See N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.25|AUTODETECT|” The comforting words, 23. But as to yourselves, be on your guard; I have told you everything ahead of time��646�� 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.25|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.19|AUTODETECT|” ), remind one of Christ s similar sayings in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.19|AUTODETECT|” John 13:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.29|AUTODETECT|” 14:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.4|AUTODETECT|” 16:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . It is for the third time that Jesus now utters the words, Be on your guard or Take care (see also verses 5 and 9). This warning was indeed very appropriate, for:) 1 1 2 8 0 0 a. even though it is true that the predictions span the entire dispensation, including even the tribulation immediately preceding the return, the preliminary fulfilment takes place during the lives of the apostles.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.16|AUTODETECT|” b. Jesus knew that his words would be repeated to later generations. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.16|AUTODETECT|” John 10:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.20|AUTODETECT|” 17:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.1|AUTODETECT|” It is incorrect, on the basis of 13:3, to limit yourselves to Peter, James, John, and Andrew. The broader reference 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.1|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.3|AUTODETECT|” 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) must also be borne in mind.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Lovingly the Master provides for his disciples. When fiery trial arrives they must never be able to say, How strange and unexpected! Why did not the Lord prepare us for this? Why did he not warn us? Having been forewarned, the disciples will not be unduly disturbed when the prediction attains preliminary fulfilment. In fact, their faith in Jesus will then be strengthened. Was there ever kinder Shepherd?) ) 13:24 27 The Coming of the Son of Man) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29-40.24.31|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29-40.24.31|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:29 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.25-42.21.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.25-42.21.28|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:25 28) 1 12 2 8 0 0 24 But in those days, after that tribulation,) The sun will be darkened,) And the moon will not give her light,) 25 And the stars will be falling from the sky,) And the powers (that are) in the heavens will be shaken.) 26 And then they will see the Son of man coming in clouds with great power and glory. 27 And then he will send forth his angels and gather his elect from the four winds, from farthest reach of earth to farthest reach of heaven.��647��) ) Between the Matthean and the Marcan account there is a close resemblance. The main differences are as follows:) a. Instead of Mark s And then they will see the Son of man, Matthew, he alone, mentions the sign of the Son of man. ) b. Matthew has retained Christ s remark, All the tribes of the earth will mourn. ) c. Matthew also shows that according to Christ s teaching the glorious return will not only be visible but also audible: with a loud trumpet blast. ) Luke s account, sometimes more closely resembling Mark s than Matthew s, sometimes vice versa, speaks about signs in sun, moon, and stars, and, in general, emphasizes the effect which the Son of man s arrival has upon the inhabitants of the earth: the distress of nations, the fear and perplexity of men because of the things that are happening, including the roaring of the sea and its billows and the shaking of the heavenly spheres. He climaxes his account by reporting the Master s very encouraging and comforting closing exhortation (21:28).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.24-41.13.27|AUTODETECT|” What now follows, here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.24-41.13.27|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:24 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.10|AUTODETECT|” , is deeply rooted in Old Testament prophecy. It must be interpreted in the light of that literary genre. This means that an extremely literal interpretation must be avoided. Until this prophetic picture becomes history we will probably not know how much must be taken literally, how much figuratively. That at least some of it must be interpreted literally follows from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.10|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 3:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.13|AUTODETECT|” . There will indeed be a new heaven and a new earth 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.13|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.1|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 21:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29-40.24.31|AUTODETECT|” ). However, since the prophetic background has been indicated in some detail in N.T.C. on Matthew, and since, as already shown, the two accounts 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29-40.24.31|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:29 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.24-41.13.27|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.24-41.13.27|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:24 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) resemble each other very closely, I here refer the reader to p. 862 of that volume.) 1 7 2 8 0 0 What Mark offers in these verses can be viewed under the following headings: 1. Apocalyptic Disturbances in Celestial Spheres (verses 24, 25); 2. Arrival of the Son of Man as Deliverer (verse 26); and 3. Assembling of the Scattered Elect (verse 27).) 1. Apocalyptic Disturbances in Celestial Spheres) 24, 25. But��648�� in those days, after that tribulation,) The sun will be darkened,) And the moon will not give her light) And the stars will be falling from the sky,) And the powers (that are) in the heavens will be shaken.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29|AUTODETECT|” The picture is very vivid, in Mark even somewhat more so than in Matthew. Note ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.25|AUTODETECT|” , And the stars will fall from the sky, contrasted with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.25|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , And the stars will be falling from the sky. ��649�� One can picture them falling one by one.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.6.12|AUTODETECT|” First, then, we must go back for a moment to the very last day of the fierce distress or tribulation. While the earth is drenched with the blood of the saints, all at once the sun becomes darkened. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.6.12|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 6:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Naturally the moon now also ceases to shed her light. The stars deviate from their orbits and race to their doom. Probably summarizing all this, the account continues, And the powers (that are) in the heavens will be shaken. ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 2. Arrival of the Son of Man as Deliverer) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.7|AUTODETECT|” 26. And then they will see the Son of man coming in clouds with great power and glory. This they must mean all mankind, cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.30|AUTODETECT|” . As was pointed out above, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.30|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.28|AUTODETECT|” states, And then the sign of the Son of man will appear in the sky, but both Mark and Luke leave out the word sign. They simply represent Jesus as declaring that men will see the Son of man coming majestically. Probable solution: the very appearance of the Son of man upon clouds of glory is itself the sign, the one great, final sign from the point of view of the earth. Christ s brilliant self-manifestation will be the sign or signal that he is about to go forth to meet his people, while they ascend to meet him in the air. He comes to deliver the oppressed elect people 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.28|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). In fact, he will gather all the elect both the survivors and those who had previously fallen asleep to himself, to be with him forever.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.13|AUTODETECT|” This appearance of the Son of man in majesty is a sign in still another respect: the glorious manner of his appearance corresponds exactly with the prediction of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.13|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 7:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.62|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.62|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:62) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.3|AUTODETECT|” . For the significance of clouds see N.T.C. on Matthew, p. 667. The glory that marks the Son of man s sudden and brilliant manifestation is a definite proof of the Father s delight in his Son and of the justice of the cause of him who was once a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.3|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Note the Son of man, see on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Mark 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.14-66.14.16|AUTODETECT|” ; and note also with great power and glory. That power is evident from what happens at his coming: see verses 24, 25, 27; add ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.14-66.14.16|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 14:14 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.21|AUTODETECT|” ; also 20:11 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.21|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 3:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.7|AUTODETECT|” 5:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , it is impossible to remove the Son from this throne). And glory, for at his coming all his attributes power, wisdom, holiness, love, etc. shine forth brilliantly. This great power and glory is enhanced by what is stated in the next verse:) 1 1 2 8 0 0 3. Assembly of the Scattered Eject) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.52|AUTODETECT|” 27. And then he will send forth his angels and gather his elect from the four winds, from farthest reach of earth to farthest reach of heaven.��650�� At Christ s return, the already departed ones, that is, the souls that had previously exchanged their earthly for their heavenly dwelling, are quickly reunited with their now glorified bodies. The survivors, that is, those children of God that are still living on earth at Christ s return, are changed in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.52|AUTODETECT|” 1 Cor. 15:52) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.13-52.4.18|AUTODETECT|” ). Together, all the elect, now forming one countless multitude, thus gathered from the uttermost part of the earth to the uttermost part of heaven, accompanied by the angels who were divinely instructed to gather them, now go forth as the Bride, to meet the Bridegroom, and to be with him forevermore. See N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.13-52.4.18|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 4:13 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Evidence for the separate units of this representation:) a. The sending forth of the angels.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.27|AUTODETECT|” Though none of the following passages teach exactly what is stated here with respect to their task at Christ s return, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.27|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.31|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.31|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.41|AUTODETECT|” ) is in line with the following: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.41|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 13:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.49|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.49|AUTODETECT|” 49) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.38|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.38|AUTODETECT|” Mark 8:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.26|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.16.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.16.22|AUTODETECT|” 16:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.1.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.1.14|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 1:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . See also the summary of biblical teaching on angels, N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 694, 695.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 b. his elect.) See above, on verse 20.) c. The four winds.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.2.6|AUTODETECT|” These represent the four points of the compass; hence, from the four winds means from everywhere. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.2.6|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 2:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.30.4|AUTODETECT|” ; and Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.30.4|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 30:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.12|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 11:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.7.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.7.2|AUTODETECT|” Ezek. 7:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.7.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.7.1|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 7:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.8|AUTODETECT|” 20:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 d. from farthest reach of earth to farthest reach of heaven. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.30.4|AUTODETECT|” It is true that the Old Testament contains many passages which show that the scattered children of God will be gathered 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.30.4|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 30:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.11-23.11.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.11-23.11.16|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 11:11 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.27.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.27.12|AUTODETECT|” 27:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.27.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.27.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.39.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.39.27|AUTODETECT|” Ezek. 39:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.39.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.39.28|AUTODETECT|” 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.2.6-38.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.2.6-38.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 2:6 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.27|AUTODETECT|” , etc.). But such references, though indeed helpful, merely anticipate or foreshadow what is taught here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.27|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.27|AUTODETECT|” . They predict a return to the land of Canaan, and it is a known fact that the remnant did actually return. What Jesus teaches, as recorded here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.27|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.31|AUTODETECT|” , is something else; namely, the collective gathering of all the elect to himself at his glorious return. So, if one is looking for parallel passages 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.31|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31-40.25.40|AUTODETECT|” ), he should turn rather to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31-40.25.40|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:31 40) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.16|AUTODETECT|” John 10:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.10|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.16|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 4:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.6-66.19.8|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.6-66.19.8|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 19:6 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 2 2 8 0 0 ) 13:28 31 The Lesson from the Fig Tree) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.32-40.24.35|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.32-40.24.35|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:32 35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.29-42.21.33|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.29-42.21.33|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:29 33) 1 4 2 8 0 0 28 Now from the fig tree learn this lesson: as soon as its branch becomes tender, and puts forth leaves you know that the summer is near. 29 So also you, when you see these things happening, know then that it is near, at the very gates. 30 I solemnly declare to you, this generation will certainly not pass away until all this takes place. 31 Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away.) ) In the present section (verses 28 31) and also in the next and final one (see especially verses 33 and 37) admonition to a considerable extent replaces prediction. True, there has been admonition before; see verses 5, 7, 9a, 11, 13, 14 16, 21, 23, but the immediately preceding section (verses 24 27) was exclusively predictive in character, causing the hortatory character of verses 28 31 to stand out all the more clearly.) Matthew s and Mark s accounts are almost identical. The slight differences can be considered stylistic. Though also Luke s report is strikingly similar, two variations deserve attention. Instead of Now from the fig tree learn this lesson Luke reads, Look at the fig tree and all the trees, as if to say, What holds with respect to the fig tree is basically true also with respect to the other fruit trees. And instead of & know then that it is near, at the very gates, Luke offers, & know then that the kingdom or kingship, rule of God is near. This, too, may well be an interpretive variation: the it of the other Gospels (however applied, whether to Jerusalem s fall in a.d. 70 or to Christ s return) indicating the sudden and powerful public manifestation of God s royal rule; and therefore marking the end of an era, the end of the age.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.29|AUTODETECT|” 28, 29. Now from the fig tree learn this lesson: as soon as its branch becomes tender and puts forth leaves, you know that the summer near. So also you, when you see these things happening, know then that it is near, at the very gates.��651�� The branch of a fig tree becomes soft and tender because of the sap that is swelling within it. It is not surprising, therefore, that soon this branch is generating leaves, and still more leaves. Now when this happens to a fig tree or, for that matter, to the fruit trees as a whole 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.29|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 )��652�� the disciples realize that summer is near. Similarly when, during their life-time, the disciples see these things happening, that is, when they take note not only of constantly recurring earthquakes, famines, wars, etc., but particularly also of the desolating sacrilege, that is, the approaching Roman armies, they should understand that the end for Jerusalem and its temple is near, so near as to be able, as it were, to walk right into the door.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 So also, when at a much later time believers see the final Antichrist carrying on his work of sacrilege and desolation, they will know that the glorious day of Christ s return is close at hand. Nevertheless, in view of when you see these things happening, the emphasis here in verses 28, 29 is on that which these very men (at least some of them) were to witness during their life on earth.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.32.5|AUTODETECT|” That even now Christ s prophetic eye was focused not only on the afflictions that were to befall and/or to threaten the Jews, including the Christians among them, during the struggle with Rome, but also on that which would happen to the Jews throughout the new dispensation until the day of his return, is clear from verse 30. I solemnly declare to you, this generation will certainly not pass away��653�� until all this takes place. Note the impressive introduction: I solemnly declare. See on 3:28. Probable meaning of the passage: This generation, namely, the Jewish people see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.32.5|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 32:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.32.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.32.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.12.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.12.7|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 12:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.78.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.78.8|AUTODETECT|” 78:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , etc. will not cease to exist until all those things which I [Jesus] predicted have happened. The expression all this covers the events predicted for the entire new dispensation, including even the final tribulation and the Lord s glorious return. For the arguments in defense of this interpretation and for the refutation of other theories see N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 867 869.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.6-23.11.9|AUTODETECT|” The majestic closing statement, 31. Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away, ��654�� deserves all the emphasis one can give to it. The passing away of heaven and earth, to which Jesus refers, does not mean total annihilation but glorious renewal. The fourfold process of transformation namely conflagration, rejuvenation, self-realization, and harmonization by means of which this passing away of the outward fashion of this world and the birth of the new heaven and earth will be accomplished, in accordance with such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.6-23.11.9|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 11:6 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.18-45.8.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.18-45.8.22|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:18 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.31|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 7:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.10|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 3:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.1-66.21.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.1-66.21.5|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 21:1 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.8|AUTODETECT|” , has been described in N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 863, 864. What Jesus here drives home is that the physical universe round about, above and beneath us mountains, valleys, rivers, vegetation, the animal world, the sky, the soil, etc. , as we now see it, no matter how firm and strong some of it may appear to be, is actually unstable, but that his own words will continue to prove their stability and worth forever and ever. The negative will never pass away implies a strong affirmative will always endure. This litotes is confirmed not only by such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.8|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 40:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.24|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.25|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , but also by centuries of fulfilment of prophecy both before and after the birth of Christ!) 1 2 2 8 0 0 ) 13:32 37 The Necessity of Being Ready Always, in View of the Unknown Day and Hour of Christ s Coming) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.36-40.24.44|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.36-40.24.44|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:36 44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.13|AUTODETECT|” 25:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.34-42.21.36|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.34-42.21.36|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:34 36) 1 2 2 8 0 0 32 But about that day or that hour no one knows, neither the angels in heaven nor the Son, only the Father. 33 Be on your guard. Keep watch,��655�� for you do not know when is the appropriate time. 34 (It is) like a man, away on a journey, who, upon leaving his home and putting his servants��656�� in charge, assigning to each his task, also ordered the doorkeeper to keep on the alert. 35 Stay on the alert,��657�� therefore because you do not know when the owner of the house is coming, whether in the evening, or at midnight, or when the rooster crows, or at dawn 36 lest he come suddenly and find you sleeping. 37 And what I am saying to you, I am saying to everyone: Stay on the alert. ) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.36|AUTODETECT|” Verse 32 closely resembles ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.36|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.33-41.13.37|AUTODETECT|” . For the rest, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.33-41.13.37|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:33 37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.37-40.24.44|AUTODETECT|” is largely peculiar to Mark. See N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 6, 7. As is also implied on those pages, the uniqueness is not absolute; for, a. Always be watchful and ready with a view to the Son of man s return is the central lesson not only of the present Marcan section but also of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.37-40.24.44|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:37 44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.34-42.21.36|AUTODETECT|” (cf. 25:1 13); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.34-42.21.36|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:34 36) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; and b. there is even a degree of verbal resemblance between:) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.33|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.42|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.42|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.13|AUTODETECT|” 25:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.36|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.36|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ;) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.34|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.14|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.14|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; and) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.35-41.13.37|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:35 37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.42|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.42|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 32. But about that day or that hour no one knows, neither the angels in heaven nor the Son, only the Father.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.6.1-23.6.3|AUTODETECT|” The series of events that shall precede Christ s return has been described. The precise moment of that great event has however not been indicated. Neither could it have been, for that moment is known to the Father alone, and it has not pleased him to reveal it. The angels, though standing in a very close relationship to God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.6.1-23.6.3|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 6:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.10|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 18:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.41|AUTODETECT|” ), and though intimately associated with the events pertaining to the second coming 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.41|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 13:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.31|AUTODETECT|” 24:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.19|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 14:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.2.8|AUTODETECT|” ), do not know the day nor the hour. Nor, in fact, does the Son himself, viewed from the aspect of his human nature. See also on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.2.8|AUTODETECT|” Mark 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.32|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.32|AUTODETECT|” 5:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.33|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.33|AUTODETECT|” 9:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.34|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.34|AUTODETECT|” 34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.33|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.33|AUTODETECT|” 10:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.34|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.34|AUTODETECT|” 34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.12|AUTODETECT|” 11:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.7|AUTODETECT|” . The fact that even the Son, according to his human nature, did not know, is in harmony with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.7|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.29.29|AUTODETECT|” , He emptied himself. The Father, he alone, knows. This proves the futility and sinfulness of every attempt on man s part to predict the date when Jesus will return, whether that imagined date be 1843, 1844, more precisely Oct. 22, 1844, the autumn of 1914, or any later one. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.29.29|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 29:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Curiosity is wonderful. For nosiness, intrusiveness, impertinence there is no excuse.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.41|AUTODETECT|” 33. Be on your guard. Keep watch.& ��658�� For the fourth time Jesus says, Be on your guard or Take care. See verses 5, 9, 23, 33. The disciples must be wide awake. They have been asking about the time when the Master s predictions would be fulfilled (verse 4).

They should be far more concerned about the question how to spend their time profitably. They must take cognizance of the moral and spiritual dangers that are threatening (verses 21, 22), so that they can arm themselves against them and can warn others. They should study the events that are taking place and are going to occur, so that they will be able to discern the fulfilment of Christ s predictions and will be strengthened in their faith (verse 23). Moreover, since it is clear that being on one s guard is a synonym of keeping watch and of staying on the alert, which in turn is associated with continuing in prayer 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.26.41|AUTODETECT|”
Matt. 26:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
), the conclusion is warranted that these expressions Be on your guard, Keep watch, stay on the alert also imply, In the midst of all circumstances be sure to ask God for wisdom and strength. ��659��) 1 1 2 8 0 0
Continued: for you do not know when is the appropriate time.��660�� If the angels in heaven and even the Son do not know the exact moment of the return (verse 32), then surely puny sinners, including the apostles and all other believers, are ignorant with respect to that point. It is therefore always impossible for anyone to say, He will not come until such and such a time; hence, we need not be prepared now. They must be ready & always.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.12.35|AUTODETECT|”
By means of an illustration one might even call it a parable Jesus stresses this duty of eternal vigilance: 34. (It is) like a man away on a journey, who, upon leaving his home and putting his servants in charge, assigning to each his task, also ordered��661�� the doorkeeper��662�� to��663�� keep on the alert.��664�� To be (constantly) on the alert or watchful a Greek word from which the proper name Gregory (the watchful or vigilant one) is derived means to live a sanctified life, in the consciousness of the coming judgment day. Spiritual and moral circumspection and forethought are required; preparedness is necessary. The watchful person has his loins girded and his lamps burning 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.12.35|AUTODETECT|”
Luke 12:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
). It is in that condition that he looks forward to the coming of the Bridegroom. For more on this subject of watchfulness and its implications see N.T.C. on I and II Thessalonians, pp. 124, 125.) 1 3 2 8 0 0
Now in the illustration it is on this command to the doorkeeper to keep on the alert that all the emphasis falls. The meaning of the figure is this: The absent proprietor, before leaving home, not only put his servants in charge, assigning to each his special duty, all of this as a matter of course, but in particular ordered the doorkeeper by all means to keep on the alert. That this is indeed the emphasis follows from the fact that both the immediately preceding context (verse 33) and the immediately following (verse 35) stress this one point.��665��) 35 37. Stay on the alert,��666�� therefore because you do not know when the owner of the house is coming, whether in the evening, or at midnight, or when the rooster crows, or at dawn lest he come suddenly and find��667�� you sleeping. And what I am saying to you, I am saying to everyone: Stay on the alert.) Note the following:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.16.16|AUTODETECT|”
a. The meaning of the illustration now surfaces. The master or owner of the house represents Christ, the Son of man. See verses 21, 26. It is he who, by means of his death and ascension is going to absent himself from the disciples for a while. But he will return, first by means of his resurrection and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.16.16|AUTODETECT|”
John 16:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.14.3|AUTODETECT|”
. Later, at the close of the present age, upon the clouds, as the Bridegroom, to take the Bride to himself to be with him forever. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.14.3|AUTODETECT|”
John 14:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.4.13-52.4.18|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.4.13-52.4.18|AUTODETECT|”
I Thess. 4:13 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
. It is the latter coming that Jesus has in mind here. The church should be watching for it, always remaining on the alert.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.12.45|AUTODETECT|”
b. Such alertness or watchfulness is the very opposite of sleeping. The latter indicates moral and spiritual laxity. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.12.45|AUTODETECT|”
Luke 12:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.25.3|AUTODETECT|”
pictures this condition vividly. So does the description of the five foolish girls, who had taken no oil in their vessels with their lamps 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.25.3|AUTODETECT|”
Matt. 25:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.25.8|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.25.8|AUTODETECT|”
8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
). It means unpreparedness.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.15.4|AUTODETECT|”
c. What are the characteristics of such watchfulness? Does it merely mean to look at the clouds every morning in order to see whether Jesus is beginning to make his appearance? Not at all. The alertness Jesus has in mind is not only eager and prayerful, it is also intelligent, continuous, and last but not least, active. See, for example, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.15.4|AUTODETECT|”
John 15:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.15.12|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.15.12|AUTODETECT|”
12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.15.26|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.15.26|AUTODETECT|”
26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.16.13|AUTODETECT|”: Abide in me & love each other & also bear witness. Or study ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.13|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 16:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.9.4|AUTODETECT|” , Be watchful stand fast in the faith, acquit yourselves like men, be strong. Let all that you do be done in love. Consider also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.9.4|AUTODETECT|” John 9:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.8-45.13.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.8-45.13.12|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 13:8 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.58|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.58|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:58) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 5 2 8 0 0 d. You do not know when the owner of the house is coming, repeats the thought of verse 32, but becomes more specific, for Jesus adds, whether in the evening, or at midnight, or when the rooster crows, or at dawn. See above, on 6:48. We are dealing here with the four so-called watches, namely:) evening: 6 9 P.M.) midnight: 9 P.M. 12.) rooster crowing: 12 3 A.M.) dawn: 3 6 A.M.��668��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.44|AUTODETECT|” It should not be overlooked that the coming is in each case said to take place during one of the night watches; that is, at a time least expected. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.44|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:44) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 e. The words, And what I am saying to you, I am saying to everyone & show that the Master wanted to impress upon his disciples the fact that his admonition to be and remain on the alert in fact, that his entire discourse was of supreme value not only for them but also for all other believers both then and later.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.26|AUTODETECT|” What is the proper attitude with respect to the coming of the Lord? The antediluvians 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.26|AUTODETECT|” Luke 17:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.17.27|AUTODETECT|”

1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) were alert to the present but oblivious of the future. They were so busy with present, earthly affairs that they did not bother about impending dangers.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.1|AUTODETECT|” Some of the Thessalonians 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.1|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.2|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.6-53.3.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.6-53.3.12|AUTODETECT|” 3:6 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) were oblivious of the present but alert to the (immediate?) future. They left their workshops. Why should they tend to earthly needs when heavenly treasures were about to descend upon them?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.8-66.2.11|AUTODETECT|” The only proper attitude was that of the Smyrniots 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.8-66.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 2:8 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). They were alert to both the present and the future. They attended to their present duties with such faithfulness that they were encouraged with joyful anticipation to look forward to the day when they would receive the crown of life out of the Lord s gracious hand.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Summary of Chapter 13) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.38|AUTODETECT|” In verses 1 4 the occasion that gave rise to the discourse on The Last Things is described. In harmony with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.38|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 23:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.3|AUTODETECT|” Jesus, as he was leaving the temple, predicts its total destruction. This was in reply to the disciples expression of amazement about the beauty and grandeur of that building. Arrived on the Mount of Olives four disciples ask him, Tell us, when will this happen, and what will be the sign when all these things are about to be accomplished? As they saw it, Jerusalem s fall meant Christ s return and the end of the world. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Their question resulted in the discourse.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 According to verses 5 13 Jesus first of all predicts what he calls (merely) the beginning of birth pains, that is, the rise of deceivers, who will say, I am he, wars and rumors of wars, earthquakes, famines, persecutions. More definite is his statement that before the Son of man can return the gospel must first be preached to all the nations. Jesus also assures his followers that at their arraignments the Holy Spirit will give them words to speak, and that though hated by all, including even members of their own families, those who endure to the end will be saved.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29|AUTODETECT|” If world-wide gospel proclamation may be considered the first definite preliminary sign, the severe tribulation in store for the church (verses 14 23) may be called the second. Destined to occur before in fact, immediately before 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.26|AUTODETECT|” ) the manifestation of the Son of man in clouds with great power and glory 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.26|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.20|AUTODETECT|” ), it is foreshadowed by woes in store for Jerusalem, culminating in the desolating sacrilege, that is, Jerusalem surrounded by armies 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.20|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), carrying idol images of their emperor upon their standards. Their approach would be the signal for those in Judea to flee to the hills. Mercifully Jesus warns those who might be tempted to flee into the city or even into their homes. To women in difficult circumstances he also reveals his sympathy. He warns his followers not to be deceived by those who say, Look, here (is) the Christ! or Look, there (he is)! Their intention to deceive (even) the elect will not succeed. For the elect s sake the days of severe tribulation will be shortened. The section closes with Christ s bracing exhortation, But as to yourselves, be on your guard. I have told you everything ahead of time. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.13|AUTODETECT|” Verses 24 27 record what will happen (immediately) after the tribulation: the sun will be darkened, the moon will not give her light, the stars will be falling from the sky, etc. Then suddenly, They all men will see the Son of man coming in clouds with great power and glory. The brilliant character of his appearance, in complete harmony with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.13|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 7:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.14|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.32|AUTODETECT|” , will prove that this is indeed the Messiah of prophecy, and that the wedding of the Lamb with his bride, the church, is about to take place 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.32|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.7|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 19:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). For this to happen the all-glorious Son of man will send his holy angels to gather his elect from the four winds, from the farthest reach of earth to the farthest reach of heaven. ) 1 11 2 8 0 0 The lesson from the fig tree is found in verses 28 31, and may be paraphrased as follows, As soon as its branch becomes tender and puts forth leaves, you know that summer is near. So also you, my disciples, upon seeing the series of events climaxed by the desolating sacrilege should recognize that the fall of Jerusalem is near, at the very gates. As for the Jews in general, Jesus predicts that they will not pass away from the earth as a people until all this events stretching all the way to the Son of man s return takes place. He adds, Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away. ) The necessity of being ready always, in view of the unknown day and hour of Christ s coming is stressed in verses 32 37. If no one not the angels nor even the Son knows exactly when the return will occur, then all the more no sinful man knows this. So, preparedness at all times is required.

When the owner of a house leaves on a journey, he not only puts his servants an charge, assigning to each his individual task, but specifically orders the doorkeeper to remain on the alert. Beautifully Jesus therefore ends the discourse as reported by Mark with these ringing words, Stay on the alert, therefore because you do not know when the owner of the house is coming, whether in the evening, or at midnight, or when the rooster crows, or at dawn lest he come suddenly and find you sleeping. And what I am saying to you, I am saying to everyone: Stay on the alert. ) ) ) N.T.C. W. Hendriksen, New Testament Commentary) 613 Note the parallelistic construction: a. �� v ��, b. the rhythm of the two aor. subjunctive passives �� and ��, and c. the double �P ��, each of these preceding the accompanying verb. Does not this type of style suggest the underlying Aramaic spoken by Jesus?

Semitic languages are full of similar parallelisms. The phraseology seems to echo very early material. Matthew has not, in this instance, preserved similar rhythm (see 24:2 in the original). Luke has done so only to a certain extent. Though he uses balancing future indic. passives, he has dropped the double �P �� feature.) 614 A. Edersheim, The Temple, p. 28.) 615 Or: said.) 616 This could be another instance of the pleonastic use of ��.

If so, the simple translation, Jesus said would suffice. See on 1:45; cf. 6:7, footnote 233.) 617 �� third per. sing. aor. subj. active of ��, to deceive, lead astray, cause to wander. In verse 6 the same verb occurs, the form being third per. pl. fut. active indic. ��. Certain cellestial spheres are called planets, that is, wandering ones, to distinguish them from the so-called fixed stars. The verb occurs about forty times in the New Testament. It is especially frequent in Matthew and in the book of Revelation.

In Mark it is found also in 12:24, 27; 13:6.) 618 ��, sec. per. pl. present passive imperative of ��, to be disturbed, alarmed.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.24|AUTODETECT|” 619 For ��, pl. �� see N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.24|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 and 21:10 (including footnote 724).) 1 11 2 8 0 0 620 ��, second per. pl. fut. passive indic. of ��; see on 12:3, 5, including footnote 572.) 621 ��, sec. per. pl. fut. passive indic. of 5��; hence, you will be made to stand; meaning: you will have to appear.) 622 For further details on this see K. Schneider s article on ��, in Th.D.N.T., Vol. IV, pp. 515 519.) N.T.C. W. Hendriksen, New Testament Commentary) 623 ��, sec. per. pl. pres. imperat. of ��. Cf.

N.T.C. on Matthew, p. 349 for the basic verb ��.) 624 Periphrastic future passive, probably with durative force, as if to say: this will be going on and on throughout the ages. The original was �� .) 625 See P. Schaff, History of the Christian Church, New York, 1924, Vol. II; see especially pages 31 81.) 626 For more on this see N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 205, 206, 467, 468, 659, 660.) 627 Thus also F. W. Grosheide, Het Heilig Evangelie Volgens Mattheus (Commentaar op het Nieuwe Testament), Kampen, 1954, pp. 355, 356; C.

R. Erdman, op. cit., p. 192, and many others.) 628 See Josephus, Jewish War VI.316.) 629 Read the interesting account in Josephus, Antiquities XVIII.257 309.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.20|AUTODETECT|” 630 Similarly rendered by Williams ; and see also A.R.V., Weymouth, N.E.B., and Dutch (Nieuwe Vertaling): waar hij niet behoort (where he does not belong). It is not easy to explain why the masculine s. �� (perfect participle of 5��), so regarded by A. T. Robertson (Word Pictures, Vol. I, p. 362) and by Vincent Taylor (op. cit., p. 512), but not by Lenski (op. cit., p. 362), has as its antecedent the neuter �x ��. That the primary New Testament fulfilment was the desecrating and desolating Roman army is clear from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.20|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Is there perhaps a special reference here to this army s general? See A. B. Bruce, op. cit., p. 430.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 631 � ��v �� (to have in the womb) is idiomatic for to be pregnant.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.19|AUTODETECT|” 632 �� is dat. pl. fem. pres. participle of �� 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.19|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.23|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), literally to give suck, give the breast. Cf. ��: breast.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 633 Translated from Russian, a Signet Book, paperback edition, New York, 1960, p. 251.) 634 New York, 1929. See especially chapter 6, Womanhood under Islam. ) 635 New York, 1959.) 636 See the New York, May, 1972 paperback edition, pp. 19, 288, 365, 417 419, etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.20|AUTODETECT|” 637 Mark, writing for readers not hampered by Jewish restrictions, did not have to retain what Jesus says in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.20|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 with reference to traveling on the sabbath.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.3|AUTODETECT|” 638 5�� introduces the substance of the prayer. �� is the gen. s. of ��. In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 16:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 �� indicates bad weather.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 639 See the March 25, 1974 issue of Newsweek magazine, p. 65.) 640 ��, third per. s. (here futuristic) aor. subjunctive of �0��.) 641 This is a second class or contrary to fact conditional sentence, referring to past time. In his decree from eternity God curtailed the period of tribulation. The sentence is entirely regular grammatically, having �0 �� and aor. indic. in the protasis, and aor. passive indic. (�� from ��) with �P� � in the apodosis. See Gram.N.T., p. 1015. As to ��, it is the third per. s. aor. indic. active of ��, to cut short, curtail. Our English word halt, in the sense of lame, is related to it. It refers to the curtailment of a person s walking ability.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4|AUTODETECT|” 642 The form ��, third per. s. aor. middle indic. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.31|AUTODETECT|” ) of �� indicates that in his sovereign good pleasure God from eternity chose certain persons, both individually and in relation to each other and to Christ, not just to go to heaven, but now and forever, first here below and then in the new heaven and earth, to live not only for themselves but also for others, to his glory. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.31|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 10:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.33|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.33|AUTODETECT|” 33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.3-49.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.3-49.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:3 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 4 2 8 0 0 S.BK. Strack and Billerbeck, Kommentar zum Neuen Testament aus Talmud und Midrasch) 643) Note the following:) (1) The sentence structure of verse 19.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.41.19|AUTODETECT|” Literally it reads, for those days will be tribulation, such as not there occurred the like from (the) beginning of (the) creation which God created until now, and never will be. This strongly reminds one of at least partly similar sentence formulation in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.41.19|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 41:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.9.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.9.24|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 9:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.12.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.12.1|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 12:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 (2) The pleonasms.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.1.40|AUTODETECT|” The point to be emphasized in the present connection is that Mark s style, with its repetition of cognates see not only 13:19, 20, but also 7:13 and perhaps 12:23, a feature not entirely foreign to other language families is thoroughly Semitic. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.1.40|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 1:40) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=13.29.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=13.29.9|AUTODETECT|” I Chron. 29:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , etc.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 (3) Other Semitisms are:) not would be saved all flesh (thus literally). This is really a double Semitism ( not & all for no, and flesh for person, human individual viewed as weak, frail, mortal. For flesh see also N.T.C. on John, Vol. I, p. 84, footnote 32; and N.T.C. on Philippians, p. 77, footnote 55.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.18.19|AUTODETECT|” & the elect. The idea of election from eternity has its roots in the Old Testament 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.18.19|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 18:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.105.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.105.6|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 105:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.148.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.148.14|AUTODETECT|” 148:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.43.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.43.20|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 43:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.65.9|AUTODETECT|” b; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.65.9|AUTODETECT|” 65:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=30.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=30.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Amos 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , etc.).) 1 3 2 8 0 0 644) �� & & �� is a third class or future more vivid conditional sentence, with third per. s. aor. subjunctive of �� in the protasis, and sec. per. p. imperative �� in the apodosis.) For 4�� see on 2:24, footnote 91.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.24|AUTODETECT|” The word used in the original for false Christs can be more literally rendered pseudo-Christs 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.24|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.15|AUTODETECT|” ); similarly, that for false prophets is pseudo-prophets 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.15|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 7:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.11|AUTODETECT|” 24:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.24|AUTODETECT|” 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.26|AUTODETECT|” Luke 6:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.6|AUTODETECT|” Acts 13:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.1|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.1|AUTODETECT|” I John 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.16.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.16.13|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 16:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.20|AUTODETECT|” 19:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.10|AUTODETECT|” 20:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.26|AUTODETECT|” ). In formation it is similar to pseudo-brothers 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.26|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 11:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.13|AUTODETECT|” ), pseudo-apostles 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.13|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 11:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.1|AUTODETECT|” ), pseudo-teachers 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.1|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.2|AUTODETECT|” ), pseudo-speakers 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.2|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.60|AUTODETECT|” ), and pseudo-witnesses 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.60|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:60) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.15|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.12-40.28.15|AUTODETECT|” The Gospels, book of Acts, epistles, the book of Revelation are full of examples of false prophets 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.12-40.28.15|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 28:12 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.9.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.9.29|AUTODETECT|” John 9:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.8.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.8.18|AUTODETECT|” 8:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.8.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.8.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.1|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 6:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.17|AUTODETECT|” 16:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.18|AUTODETECT|” 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.12|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.1|AUTODETECT|” 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.17|AUTODETECT|” 4:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.2-48.5.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.2-48.5.4|AUTODETECT|” 5:2 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.3-49.5.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.3-49.5.14|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:3 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.17-50.3.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.17-50.3.19|AUTODETECT|” 17 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.16-51.2.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.16-51.2.23|AUTODETECT|” 16 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.1|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.6|AUTODETECT|” 3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.3-54.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.3-54.1.7|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:3 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.18-54.1.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.18-54.1.20|AUTODETECT|” 18 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.1-54.4.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.1-54.4.5|AUTODETECT|” 4:1 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.20|AUTODETECT|” 6:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.14-55.2.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.14-55.2.18|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:14 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.1-55.3.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.1-55.3.9|AUTODETECT|” 3:1 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.3|AUTODETECT|” 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.4|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.4|AUTODETECT|” 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.10-56.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.10-56.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:10 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.9|AUTODETECT|” 3:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.4-58.6.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.4-58.6.8|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 6:4 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.26-58.10.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.26-58.10.28|AUTODETECT|” 10:26 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.2.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.2.17|AUTODETECT|” James 2:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.1|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ff.; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.3|AUTODETECT|” 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.4|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.4|AUTODETECT|” 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.2.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.2.18|AUTODETECT|” I John 2:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.1|AUTODETECT|” 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=63.1.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=63.1.10|AUTODETECT|” II John 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=64.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=64.1.9|AUTODETECT|” III John 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=64.1.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=64.1.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Jude 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.9|AUTODETECT|” ff.; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.9|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.20-66.2.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.20-66.2.24|AUTODETECT|” 20 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.9|AUTODETECT|” 3:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.13|AUTODETECT|” ). False prophets are the representatives of the power of darkness 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.53|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.53|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:53) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.18|AUTODETECT|” Acts 26:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.12|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.14|AUTODETECT|” ) masquerading as an angel of light 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.14|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 11:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.30.10|AUTODETECT|” The characterization of the false prophet as the man who lacks divine authorization and brings his own message, generally telling people what they like to hear, is rooted in the Old Testament 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.30.10|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 30:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.6.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.6.13|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 6:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.8.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.8.10|AUTODETECT|” 8:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.23.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.23.21|AUTODETECT|” 23:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=14.18.11|AUTODETECT|” ). This is the kind of prophet who, when defeat is actually imminent, will say, Go up and triumph 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=14.18.11|AUTODETECT|” II Chron. 18:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.6.14|AUTODETECT|” ). He will shout, Peace, peace! when there is no peace 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.6.14|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 6:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.8.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.8.11|AUTODETECT|” 8:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.13.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.13.10|AUTODETECT|” Ezek. 13:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.55.21|AUTODETECT|” ). His words are softer than oil 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.55.21|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 55:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.1|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.1|AUTODETECT|” John 10:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.13.2|AUTODETECT|” �� is probably a Hebraism; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.13.2|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 13:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . It seems to be equal to ��, which synonym replaces it here in certain important manuscripts. It is therefore not absolutely necessary, with some, to render it give or furnish ; perform will do.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 For �� see above, on 8:11, footnote 366; and for the distinction between it and �� see Trench, op. cit., par. xci.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.28|AUTODETECT|” Though there is nothing unusual about �� x followed by the infinitive to express purpose see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.1|AUTODETECT|” 6:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.30|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.30|AUTODETECT|” 13:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.12|AUTODETECT|” 26:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.3.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.3.13|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.11|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.10|AUTODETECT|” , it so happens that the present is the only occurrence of this construction in Mark. The verb �� (here pres. act. infinitive ��), meaning to mislead, cause to wander away from, with the faith either expressed, as in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.10|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.22|AUTODETECT|” , or implied, as here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.22|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , in the New Testament occurs only in these two passages. For the basic �� see above, on 13:5, footnote 617.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.38|AUTODETECT|” 645 However, when Lenski (op. cit., p. 365) connects the false prophets mentioned in Jewish Wars II.258 263; and Antiquities XX.169 171 and see Luke s account in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.38|AUTODETECT|” Acts 21:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 with Jerusalem s fall, it should be borne in mind that the matter referred to there by Josephus and Luke took place about fifteen years previous to a.d. 70. It should be noted also in this connection that Josephus two accounts do not entirely harmonize.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 646 �� functions as first per. s. perfect indic. of ��.) 647 Or, with A.V., from the uttermost part of the earth to the uttermost part of heaven. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.8|AUTODETECT|” 648 Though it is true that �� does not always have an adversative meaning, here but makes sense: the word marks the transition from supreme distress (verse 19 f.) to abrupt and full deliverance. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.8|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.11.10|AUTODETECT|” a contrast 8b; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.11.10|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 11:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 versus 11; and 20:9 over against 10, 11.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 649 Note the periphrastic future �� & ��.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.21|AUTODETECT|” 650 Literally, from tip of earth to tip of heaven, from one end to the other, of both earth and heaven. The �� is the tip, top, (highest) point, end; thus, the top of a staff 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.21|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 11:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.16.24|AUTODETECT|” ), finger tip 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.16.24|AUTODETECT|” Luke 16:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Cf. acropolis, the highest point or upper part (often fortified) of an ancient Greek city; e.g., that of Athens with its Parthenon.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.3.23|AUTODETECT|” 651 For ��, �� see on 11:13. �� is sec. per. pl. aor. imper. of ��. For more details with respect to this verb see N.T.C. on Matthew, footnote 488 on p. 504; and in the same volume footnote 547 on p. 580. �� is here used in the sense of a brief illustrative comparison or lesson. See also on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.3.23|AUTODETECT|” Mark 3:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.13.28|AUTODETECT|” ; and N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 23, 617, 866. A ��, related to ��, to break, basically may have indicated a young, tender shoot broken off for the purpose of grafting; hence, a twig, branch. Note contrast between ��, third per. s. aor. subjunctive of ��, and ��, third per. s. active pres. subjunctive of ��. The first of these two verbs is what may be termed a constative aorist. Instead of constative it may also be designated historical normal, or regular. As here used, it simply states a fact, regardless of the amount of time consumed in bringing it about.

The term punctiliar is somewhat confusing, since this might be interpreted as showing that the action expressed by the verb took place in one moment or point of time. The second verb is a descriptive, durative, or linear present. One can almost see those leaves making their appearance, now this one, then another, etc. A �� (here acc. pl. ��) is a leaf. Cf. microphyll; also, via Latin, foliage. As to �� in verse 28, there is general agreement that this is the sec. per. pl. pres. indic. of ��.

Is this true also with respect to �� in verse 29? According to several translators it is; hence, you know. Others, however, in this case interpret it to be a sec. per. pres. imper.; hence, know, know then, recognize, or something similar. Along this line A.V., A.R.V., N.A.S., Lenski, Dutch (Nieuwe Vertaling), etc. While allowing the possibility that the first theory may be correct, I have adopted the second, in view of the introductory exhortation implied in ��. In the New Testament ��, summer, the season of warmth, occurs only here 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.28|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.32|AUTODETECT|” and its parallels: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.32|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.30|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.21.30|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Think of the thermometer. Finally, 4�� is used as the sec. per. pl. aor. subjunctive of A��.) 1 7 2 8 0 0 652 H. Mulder, Spoorzoeker in Bijbelse Landen, Amsterdam, 1973, p. 93, is of the opinion that the fig tree is singled out here because it generally produces leaves later than other fruit trees; for example, much later than the almond tree. For another reason why the fig tree is mentioned here, in preference to other trees, see N.T.C. on Matthew, p. 866. Also the great abundance and popularity of fig trees should be taken into account.) 653 �� third per. s. aor. subjunctive of ��.) 654 ��, third per. pl. fut. indic. of �� (cf. verse 30).) 655 Some manuscripts add: Pray.) 656 Or slaves.) 657 Or, both at the beginning of verse 35 and at the close of verse 37, Be watching. ) 658 �� = ��, a catch, chase, plus U��, sleep; hence, chase sleep away, and so Keep watch. See V. Taylor, op. cit., p. 523.

This is, however, uncertain; cf. L.N.T. (Th.), p. 9.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.33|AUTODETECT|” 659 Therefore, though the inclusion of and be praying may have insufficient textual support in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.33|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , the thought itself is certainly implied.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 660 For the meaning of �� see on 1:15, footnote 32.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.4|AUTODETECT|” 661 ��, third per. s. aor. indic. of ��. So also in 10:3; and cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.4|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 15:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.9|AUTODETECT|” 17:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.7|AUTODETECT|” 19:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.5|AUTODETECT|” John 8:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.31|AUTODETECT|” 14:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.9.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.9.20|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 9:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.22|AUTODETECT|” 11:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.7.8|AUTODETECT|” . For �� see on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.7.8|AUTODETECT|” Mark 7:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , footnote 319.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.3|AUTODETECT|” 662 �� (A of a man; ! of a woman or girl) = �� (door) and d�� (care). See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.3|AUTODETECT|” John 10:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.16|AUTODETECT|” 18:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 8 2 8 0 0 663 5�� subfinal, that he should keep ; hence, to keep. ) 664 ��, third per. s. pres. subjunctive of ��.) 665 So also Lenski op. cit., p. 373. Among English translations of this passage I have found none better than A.R.V. and N.A.S.) 666 �� (verses 35 and 37), sec. per. pl. pres. imper. of ��.) 667 �U��, third per. s. aor. act. subjunctive of �Q��.) 668 Adverbs of time are @�� and ��; �� is a gen. showing time within which something (here rooster-crowing) happens. Some interpreters, apparently thinking that �� would be improper here since it would spoil the symmetry and would have to mean through midnight (Lenski, op. cit., p. 374), adopt the reading that has a gen. ending. But this is unnecessary: �� may be regarded as a neuter adjective, used adverbially. The meaning then would be at midnight. ) ) )

New Testament Commentary (Baker)

William Hendriksen (1900–1982) was a Dutch-American Reformed theologian and professor at Calvin Theological Seminary. His New Testament Commentary series, later completed by Simon J. Kistemaker, covers the entire New Testament and is one of the most highly regarded Reformed commentary sets of the …

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MAT MRK LUK JHN ACT ROM 1CO 2CO GAL EPH PHP COL 1TH 2TH 1TI 2TI TIT PHM HEB JAS 1PE 2PE 1JN 2JN 3JN JUD REV

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