2 Timothy 2

Hendriksen

‹ Chapter 1 2 Timothy — All Chapters Chapter 3 ›

-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 7 StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size -9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 jBiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 18 2 8 0 0 CHAPTER II) Outline of Chapter 2) Theme: The Apostle Paul Tells Timothy What To Do in the Interest of Sound Doctrine) Teach It Suffer hardship along with (us) ) ) 2:1 13 Though this teaching brings hardship, it also brings great reward.) 2:14 26 Vain disputes, on the contrary, serve no useful purpose.) ) 2:1 13) 2 1 You then, my child, be strengthened in the grace (that is) in Christ Jesus; 2 and the things which you have heard from me among many witnesses, these things entrust to reliable men, such as will be qualified to teach others as well. 3 As a noble soldier of Christ Jesus suffer hardship along with (us). 4 No soldier on active duty gets himself entangled in the business-pursuits of civilian life, since his aim is to please the officer who enlisted him. 5 Again, if anyone is competing in an athletic event, he does not receive the victor s wreath unless he competes in compliance with the rules. 6 The hard-working farmer should be the first one to take his share of the crops. 7 Put your mind on what I say, for the Lord will give you understanding in all matters. 8 Keep in memory Jesus Christ as raised from the dead, of the seed of David, according to my gospel, 9 for which I suffer hardship even to bonds as an evil-doer; but the word of God is not bound. 10 On account of this I endure all things for the sake of the elect, in order that also they may obtain the salvation (which is) in Christ Jesus with everlasting glory.) 11 Reliable is the saying:) For if we have died with (him), we shall also live with (him);) 12 if we endure, we shall also reign with (him);) if we shall deny (him), he on his part will also deny us;) 13 if we are faithless, he on his part remains faithful,) for to deny himself he is not able.) ) 1, 2. You then, my child, be strengthened in the grace (that is) in Christ Jesus; and the things which you have heard from me among many witnesses, these things entrust to reliable men, such as will be qualified to teach others as well.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.6-55.1.8|AUTODETECT|” In view then of all that has been said in chapter 1 the examples of faith and stedfastness (Lois and Eunice, Paul himself, Onesiphorus), the Holy Spirit s gift to Timothy, the great salvation that awaits him who perseveres, the wonderful calling let Timothy be strengthened 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.6-55.1.8|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:6 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.22|AUTODETECT|” ; and for the word itself see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.22|AUTODETECT|” Acts 9:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.12|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.17|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.20|AUTODETECT|” , then ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.20|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 4:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.10|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.13|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 4:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ) in that Christ-centered grace which, as was pointed out, had been given to him before times everlasting 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.9|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.2|AUTODETECT|” ). Timothy s strength in the sphere of grace will grow if he cultivates the gift which grace has bestowed on him. The appeal is again couched in the language of the tender affection of a father for his son; note the emphasis you then, and the appeal to the heart, my child 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.2|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). What the (spiritual) father (Paul) wants the child (Timothy) to do is found in verses 1 7. What the father, as the child s example, is doing is described in verses 8 10a. What all believers should constantly remember with respect to the manner in which faithfulness to Christ is rewarded, and unfaithfulness punished, is stated most clearly in verses 10b 13, and is already implied in verses 4 6.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.20|AUTODETECT|” Now, one sure way of being strengthened in grace is to transmit to others the truths which have embedded themselves in one s heart and have become enshrined in the memory. Accordingly, let Timothy be a teacher. Even more, let him produce teachers! Timothy needs this experience, and what is far more important, the church needs the teachers! Paul is about to depart from this life. He has carried the gospel-torch long enough. Hence, he hands it to Timothy, who, in turn, must pass it on to others. The deposit which was entrusted to Timothy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.20|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.14|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ) must be deposited with trustworthy men. They must be men, moreover, who will be qualified to teach others 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), so that these others as well as their teachers will have been instructed in God s redemptive truth.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 This redemptive truth or gospel of salvation, which Timothy is asked to transmit, is here described as the things which you have heard from me among many witnesses. This expression undoubtedly refers to the entire series of sermons and lessons which the disciple had heard from the mouth of his teacher during all their association from the day when they first met.) Many had been the witnesses��125�� of this preaching and teaching. Let Timothy bear in mind that the message which he has heard from the mouth of Paul had been given among or in the midst of��126�� many persons who were ever ready to lend their support to the apostle s testimony.) 3. The business of entrusting the gospel to reliable men (and, in fact, the gospel-ministry in general) entails hardship (verse 3). Yet, when a man fights wholeheartedly for the good cause, competes according to the rules, and works energetically, he will receive a glorious reward (verses 4 6; cf. 10b 13).) Says Paul: As a noble soldier of Christ Jesus, suffer hardship along with (us).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.8|AUTODETECT|” Timothy, then, as a noble or excellent soldier of Christ Jesus, belonging to him and engaged in that warfare in which the cross of Jesus is ever going on before, must not shrink back but must be willing to suffer hardship 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.8|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.9|AUTODETECT|” 2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.12|AUTODETECT|” ), which in this connection means even more than to rough it as soldiers do. It implies suffering persecution 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.12|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.8|AUTODETECT|” ). He must be willing to endure this, says Paul, along with.& The question arises: along with whom? In view of the fact that in the preceding verse Paul has just referred to himself and the many witnesses, it is best to translate: along with us, and not along with me, as in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.8|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .��127��) 1 4 2 8 0 0 4, 5, 6. These verses contain a threefold figure, beginning with the soldier-simile, continued from verse 3. The three illustrations clearly belong together, and must be seen as a unit in order to be understood:) (a) No soldier on active duty gets himself entangled in the business pursuits of civilian life,��128�� since his aim is to please the officer who enlisted him.) (b) Again, if anyone is competing in an athletic event, he does not receive the victor s wreath unless he competes in compliance with the rules.) (c) The hard-working farmer should be the first to take his share of the crops.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.25|AUTODETECT|” Paul compares the Christian minister 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.25|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.2|AUTODETECT|” Philem. 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.6|AUTODETECT|” ) to a soldier, an athlete, and a farmer. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.6|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 9:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.24-46.9.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.24-46.9.27|AUTODETECT|” 24 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.0|AUTODETECT|” presents the same threefold figure but with a different application. The resemblance, here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.0|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , is as follows:) 1 1 2 8 0 0 a. First, like a soldier on active duty, perhaps even engaged in a campaign, Timothy must perform his task wholeheartedly. If a soldiering person should pursue a business on the side, one that would really absorb his interests, so that he becomes implicated in it, he would not be able to really give himself to his appointed task as a soldier.��129��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.32-46.7.34|AUTODETECT|” The soldier in the field has just one purpose, namely, to satisfy the officer who enlisted him. Similarly, Timothy and, for that matter, any minister must realize that his exalted task demands his soul, his life, his all. One holy passion must fill his frame. He must devote himself completely to his Lord who appointed and qualified him for his task. Every true and faithful servant of Christ Jesus will actually devote himself thus wholeheartedly to his task, in order to please his Master 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.32-46.7.34|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 7:32 34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.22|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.22|AUTODETECT|” I John 3:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.4|AUTODETECT|” ; and see N.T. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.4|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). No enlisted soldier, says Paul, will do differently!) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The thought is implied: by way of reward, Timothy s Superior will surely provide for him! That implied thought is expressed with increasing clarity in the figures which follow:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.7|AUTODETECT|” b. Wholehearted devotion is not all that is required. Rules must be obeyed. In this respect the best figure is always that of a man who is competing in an athletic event. Paul pictures him in the very act of competing.��130�� Now, unless such an athlete 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.7|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.8|AUTODETECT|” b, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” ) competes lawfully, that is, in accordance, with the established rules, he does not receive the victor s wreath, the chaplet of leaves or of leaflike gold. Similarly, unless the man who performs special service in God s kingdom observes the rules for example, to preach and teach the truth, and to do this in love; to exercise discipline in the same spirit; and see especially verses 10 12 below , he will not receive the wreath of righteousness 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.19|AUTODETECT|” ) and of glory 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.19|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.4|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.4|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 5:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.12|AUTODETECT|” James 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; see A. Deissmann, op. cit., pp. 309, 369).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.9|AUTODETECT|” c. Timothy, then, must fight wholeheartedly for the good cause. He must also compete according to the rules. And now, thirdly: he must toil energetically, like the (generic use of the article) hard-working farmer 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.9|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 3:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.20.4|AUTODETECT|” ). He must be the very opposite of the sluggard pictured vividly in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.20.4|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 20:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.24.30|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.24.30|AUTODETECT|” 24:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.24.31|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.24.31|AUTODETECT|” 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.20.6|AUTODETECT|” . If the farmer works hard, he should be the first to take his share of the crops 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.20.6|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 20:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.27.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.27.18|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 27:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.25|AUTODETECT|” ). Similarly, if Timothy (or any worker in God s vineyard) exerts himself to the full in the performance of his God-given spiritual task, he, too, will be the first to be rewarded. Not only will his own faith be strengthened, his hope quickened, his love deepened, and the flame of his gift enlivened, so that he will be blessed in his doing 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.25|AUTODETECT|” James 1:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.13|AUTODETECT|” ), but in addition he will see in the lives of others 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.22|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.24|AUTODETECT|” 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.22|AUTODETECT|” ) the beginnings of those glorious fruits that are mentioned in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.22|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.23|AUTODETECT|” 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.12.3|AUTODETECT|” . See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.12.3|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 12:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.15.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.15.10|AUTODETECT|” Luke 15:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.19|AUTODETECT|” James 5:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 7. Put your mind on what I say, for the Lord will give you understanding in all matters.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.29|AUTODETECT|” Since several beautiful thoughts had been compressed into a terse three-fold figure, and no explanation had been furnished, Timothy is told to put his mind on (�� present, active imperative of ��; cf. �� mind) that which��131�� Paul has just said (in verses 4, 5, 6). Mere reading is not enough. What has been written must be pondered. What has been spoken must be digested 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.51|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.51|AUTODETECT|” 13:51) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.17|AUTODETECT|” 15:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.9|AUTODETECT|” 16:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.15|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 10:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.10.9|AUTODETECT|” ; and especially ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.10.9|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 10:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.10.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.10.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.26|AUTODETECT|” ). Timothy need not fear that such mental activity will be fruitless. Has not the Lord given his definite promise? See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.26|AUTODETECT|” Luke 19:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.26|AUTODETECT|” John 14:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.13|AUTODETECT|” 16:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.5|AUTODETECT|” . Surely in all matters with respect to which Timothy is in need of understanding (��, comprehension, insight), it will be given to him if he will but apply himself. Let Timothy then compare a scripture with scripture. Let him pray for wisdom 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.5|AUTODETECT|” James 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Let him reflect on his own past experience and the experience of other children of God. Let him listen to what these others have to say. By such means as these the Holy Spirit will give him all the guidance he will need in the performance of his task. He will be able to apply to himself and his office the rich meaning of the threefold figure, and he will derive from it the comfort which it affords.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.10|AUTODETECT|” 8. In view of raging persecution, comfort was certainly needed. Faithful adherence to duty meant hardship (verses 3 6). Let Timothy not lose courage. Let him not even fear death. Let him rest his confidence on One who utterly defeated this terrible enemy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.10|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Accordingly, Paul continues, Keep in memory Jesus Christ as raised from the death, of the seed of David, according to my gospel.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” Note here Jesus Christ, instead of Christ Jesus as elsewhere in II Timothy. If this be more than a stylistic variation, the possible reason for it may well have been this, that the apostle wished to turn Timothy s attention first of all to the historical, curse-laden Jesus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.4|AUTODETECT|” 4:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.36|AUTODETECT|” ), in order that next he may remind him of the fact that this Jesus was made (was openly revealed as) Christ as a reward for his obedience unto death, yea the death of the cross 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.36|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.5-50.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.5-50.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:5 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.17|AUTODETECT|” ; see also footnote 19). Let Timothy then rivet his attention upon the resurrection; nay rather, let him keep his thought concentrated on the resurrected Lord himself. Keep in memory Jesus Christ as raised from the dead, says Paul. Having been raised once for all from the realm in which death reigns, Jesus Christ now remains forever the risen One; hence, the living One 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.18|AUTODETECT|” 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.18|AUTODETECT|” ). Coordinated with this exhortation is the one: Keep in memory Jesus Christ as the seed of David. This follows very naturally; for, the risen One is surely also the reigning One! 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.18|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 28:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.20-46.15.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.20-46.15.25|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:20 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.2.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.2.9|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.1-66.22.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.1-66.22.5|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 22:1 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Notice how also in verses 11 and 12 living and reigning follow one another.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.7.12|AUTODETECT|” Jesus Christ is of the seed of David 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.7.12|AUTODETECT|” II Sam. 7:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.7.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.7.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.89.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.89.28|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 89:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.132.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.132.17|AUTODETECT|” 132:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.30|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.30|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.5|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 5:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.20|AUTODETECT|” ; and cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.20|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.27|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.32|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.32|AUTODETECT|” 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.33|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.33|AUTODETECT|” 33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.4|AUTODETECT|” 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.7.42|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.7.42|AUTODETECT|” John 7:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ).��132�� He is the Son of David 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.27|AUTODETECT|” 9:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.23|AUTODETECT|” 12:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.22|AUTODETECT|” 15:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.30|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.30|AUTODETECT|” 20:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.31|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.31|AUTODETECT|” 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.9|AUTODETECT|” 21:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.42-40.22.45|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.42-40.22.45|AUTODETECT|” 22:42 45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.47|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.47|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:47) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.48|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.48|AUTODETECT|” 48) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.35|AUTODETECT|” 12:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.38|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.38|AUTODETECT|” Luke 18:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.39|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.39|AUTODETECT|” 39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.41|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.41|AUTODETECT|” 20:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It is as the rightful, spiritual heir of David, David s glorious Antitype, that he sits enthroned at the Father s right hand.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 The implied comfort is: Timothy, if you and I and all other believers have died with him, we shall also live with him. If we endure, we shall also reign with him. What is implied here is expressed in verses 11 and 12.) More than this, however, is implied, namely, Timothy, constantly remember that, as living and reigning Lord, Jesus Christ is able as well as willing to help you and to carry you through. Not Nero but Jesus Christ, exalted at the right hand of the Father, has the reins of the universe in his hands and will continue to govern all things in the interest of the church and unto the glory of God. Hence, whatever happens, never lose courage. We know that to them that love God all things work together for good. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.12|AUTODETECT|” Now this presentation of Jesus Christ as the ever-living and reigning One is according to my gospel, says Paul. It was Paul s gospel, for: a. he had received it by immediate Revelation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.12|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.11|AUTODETECT|” ); b. he continues to proclaim it even in this letter, for he had been appointed its herald, apostle, and teacher 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.11|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ); and c. he still clings to it with his whole heart, even now that he is facing death.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.10-55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” 9. Exactly as in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.10-55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:10 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.8|AUTODETECT|” , so also here the mention of Paul s gospel, is immediately followed by a statement about his suffering. Says Paul, for which I suffer hardship even to bonds as an evil-doer. Note in the preceding chapter suffering (verse 12), here suffer hardship 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.8|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.16|AUTODETECT|” ). The hardship which Paul is now suffering extends even to bonds as an evil-doer. The rendering bonds (A.V., A.R.V.) has the same flexibility of meaning as has the word used in the original. It may refer to literal shackles, chains, or fetters 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.16|AUTODETECT|” Luke 13:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.26|AUTODETECT|” Acts 16:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.23|AUTODETECT|” ); but also to all the hardship of imprisonment 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.23|AUTODETECT|” Acts 20:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.29|AUTODETECT|” 23:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.31|AUTODETECT|” 26:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.18|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.10|AUTODETECT|” Philem. 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ). Paul generally uses it in the latter, more general, sense. Nevertheless, the chain is certainly included in the meaning of the term 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.16|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), as used here. It would have been impossible for the apostle not to think of it!) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Even to bonds as an evil-doer, says Paul. Evil-doer is a good, literal translation. A free rendering would be criminal. One thinks immediately of the malefactors who were crucified with Jesus (Luke 25:32, 33). This second, imprisonment of Paul must have been very harsh!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” However, in the midst of all his suffering and shame, there were two considerations which afforded him much comfort: First, The way of the cross leads home, for the watchful eye of Jesus Christ who lives and leads is constantly upon me. He is able to guard my deposit with a view to that day 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.8|AUTODETECT|” ). Secondly, Though I am bound, the word of God is not bound. Others will carry on when I leave this earthly scene. The authorities have put me in this dungeon, but they cannot imprison the gospel. It will triumph. It will perform its pre-ordained mission on earth. No enemy can thwart it. See the beautiful commentary which Scripture itself supplies in such well-known passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.8|AUTODETECT|” Is. 40:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.11|AUTODETECT|” 55:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.12-50.1.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.12-50.1.14|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:12 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.17|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.17|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 39 2 8 0 0 One is reminded of Luther s immortal hymn Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott, the last two stanzas:) The German: Translation by Thomas C. Porter: ) Und wenn die Welt voll Teufel w�r ) Und wollt uns gar verschlingen,) Und f�rchten wir uns nicht zu sehr Did devils fill the earth and air,) All eager to devour us,) Our steadfast hearts need feel no) care, ) Es soll uns doch gelingen.) Der F�rst dieser Welt,) Wie sau r er sich stellt,) Thut er uns doch nichts;) Das macht, er ist gerecht t;) Ein W�rtlein kann ihn f�llen. Lest they should overpower us.) The grim Prince of hell,) With rage though he swell,) Hurts us not a whit,) Because his doom is writ:) A little word can rout him. ) Das Wort sie sollen lassen stan) Und kein n Dank dazu haben.) Er ist bei uns wohl auf dem Plan) Mit seinem Geist und Gaben) Nehmen sie den Leib,) Gut, Ehr , Kind und Weib;) Lass fahren dahin,) Sie haben s kein n Gewinn;) Das Reich muss uns doch bleiben. The Word of God will never yield) To any creature living;) He stands with us upon the field,) His grace and Spirit giving.) Take they child and wife,) Goods, name, fame, and life,) Though all this be done,) Yet have they nothing won:) The kingdom still remaineth. ) ) ) 10. The triumph of the gospel causes Paul to continue with these courageous words, On account of this I endure all things for the sake of the elect. Even more literally one might translate: On account of (��) this I endure all things on account of (again ��) the elect.

On account of the fact that the word is not bound, Paul does not lose courage but perseveres in faith and witness-bearing even in the midst of bitter trial. And this all the more on account of the elect, that they may obtain salvation. The two considerations which cause him to continue stedfastly in the course which he is pursuing are really one: the glorious and deeply-rooted conviction that the word of God will certainly triumph in the lives and destinies of the elect! Though Paul is in this dungeon, he does not despair. Victory is written on his banner.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.16-47.11.33|AUTODETECT|” The apostle endures all things, that is, all his manifold trials, for the sake of the gospel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.16-47.11.33|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 11:16 33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.35-45.8.39|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.35-45.8.39|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:35 39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.37|AUTODETECT|” ; note all these things, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.37|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.13.7|AUTODETECT|” ). He endures them, that is, he exercises the bravery of bearing up under them, the courage of positive perseverance and stedfastness even then when all things seem to be against him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.13.7|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 13:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). To endure means more than not to complain. It means more than acquiescence. It means going right ahead (believing, testifying, exhorting) though the load under which one is traveling on life s pathway has become very heavy. See further N.T.C. on I and II Thess. pp. 49, 50.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.12|AUTODETECT|” The apostle, then, endures all things for the sake of the elect. (For a summary of Paul s doctrine of election see N.T.C. on I and II Thessalonians, pp. 49, 50. Cf. N.T.C. on John, Vol. II, p. 307.) These elect are those on whom God has set his peculiar love from eternity. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.12|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.7.7|AUTODETECT|” . They are the objects of his sovereign goodpleasure, chosen not because of their foreseen goodness or faith but because God so willed. It was not man s faith which caused election; but election, which caused man s faith. If anyone wishes to see this for himself he should read such passages as the following: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.7.7|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 7:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.7.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.7.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.48.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.48.11|AUTODETECT|” Is. 48:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.9.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.9.19|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 9:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=28.14.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=28.14.4|AUTODETECT|” Hos. 14:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.37|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.37|AUTODETECT|” John 6:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.39|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.39|AUTODETECT|” 39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.44|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.44|AUTODETECT|” 44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.29|AUTODETECT|” 10:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.32|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.32|AUTODETECT|” 12:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.2|AUTODETECT|” 17:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.8|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.11-45.9.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.11-45.9.13|AUTODETECT|” 9:11 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.27|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.28|AUTODETECT|” 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.7|AUTODETECT|” 4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.10|AUTODETECT|” I John 4:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 These references clearly teach that God did not choose his own because they are more numerous, but for his own sake; that he loves them freely; that they are given to the Son by the Father, drawn by the Father and the Son; and that with respect to them God exercises his own very unique kind of love. They teach that this predestinating love has as its objects sinners, viewed in all their foolishness and weakness; that it bestows its favor on those who have nothing and will never have anything except what they receive; on those who differ from other people for the simple reason that God in effectuating his decree of election causes them to differ; on those who, far from being chosen on account of their unblemished character, are chosen in order that they may be without blemish and unspotted before him; yes, on those who will love him because he first loved them!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.13|AUTODETECT|” Instead of condemning this doctrine, a person should first of all prove that it is not scriptural! It fits beautifully into the present context. Paul courageously endures all things because he knows that the word of God will certainly triumph in the hearts and lives of the elect. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.13|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.17|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . If it were true that their salvation had its deepest root in their own works, would the apostle have been able to face death with such fortitude?��133��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.13|AUTODETECT|” But even though for the elect, salvation is certain from all eternity, it must be obtained. The scriptural doctrine of election, far from putting any restrictions on the exercise of human freedom, points to the One who makes man free indeed! The God who in his sovereign love chooses a person, in time powerfully influences his will, illumines his mind, floods his heart with love in return for God s love, so that these faculties, under the constant guidance of the Holy Spirit, begin to function to God s glory in their own right. The decree of election includes the means as well as the end. God chose his people to salvation through sanctification by the Spirit and belief in the truth. And to this salvation they are called through our gospel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.13|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Hence, the apostle, here as so often combining the divine decree and human responsibility, continues, in order that also they may obtain the salvation (which is) in Christ Jesus with everlasting glory.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” Paul is interested not only in his own salvation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.15|AUTODETECT|” ) but also in that of others, namely, in the salvation of those who even now (while he is writing) are believers in Christ, and those who will afterward be brought to believe. He endures in order that also they may obtain that salvation which was merited by Christ, proclaimed by him, and experienced in living communion with him . He has in mind nothing less than full salvation. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.15|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.9|AUTODETECT|” .) Though believers even in this life enjoy salvation in principle 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.9|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.9|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.9|AUTODETECT|” Luke 19:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.10-55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” ), they will not receive it in perfection (for both body and soul) until the great day of the consummation of all things 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.10-55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:10 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.11|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.11|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 13:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.27|AUTODETECT|” ). And this word salvation has two modifiers: a. it is a salvation in Christ Jesus, as already explained; and b. it is a salvation with everlasting glory 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.27|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.4|AUTODETECT|” 3:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.3.18|AUTODETECT|” ). The second follows from the first. Union with Christ Jesus makes one radiant, both as to the soul 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.3.18|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 3:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.21|AUTODETECT|” ) and as to the body 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.21|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” ). And this glory, in connection with the eternal One, never ends 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” John 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Both in quality and in duration it differs from earthly glory.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 11 13. Accordingly, Paul is willing to endure all things hardship even to bonds, with the prospect of death in order that through his stedfast ministry the elect may obtain their full, everlasting, Christ-centered salvation (see verses 3, 9, 10). It is necessary to keep this connection in mind. Otherwise what follows may be misinterpreted.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.15|AUTODETECT|” In harmony with what the apostle has just stated, he now introduces the fourth of five reliable sayings 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.15|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.16|AUTODETECT|” ). The opinion that the lines which he quotes were taken from an early Christian hymn, a cross-bearer s or martyr s hymn, is probably correct. It is evident that he does not quote the entire hymn (unless �� here is not for ; but in the present case for is probably right). Now, the word for indicates that in the hymn something preceded. The probability is that the unquoted line which preceded was something like, We shall remain faithful to our Lord even to death, or, We have resigned ourselves to reproach and suffering and even to death for Christ s sake. In either case the next line, the first one quoted by Paul, could then be: For, if we have died with (him), we shall also live with (him). Note that this feature of the quotation is similar to that which we encountered in connection with the lines quoted in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.16|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Also in that case something that was not quoted must have preceded the quoted portion. In that case the line which presumably immediately preceded the beginning of the quotation probably ended with the word Logos or Christos or Theos (see on that passage).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.11-55.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.11-55.2.13|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:11 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.16|AUTODETECT|” , after the introductory formula 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.16|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ):) 1 19 2 8 0 0 Reliable is the saying,) the quoted lines are as follows:) For if we have died with (him), we shall also live with (him);) if we endure, we shall also reign with (him);) if we shall deny (him), he on his part will also deny us;) if we are faithless, he on his part remains faithful.��134��) In the first two lines the if-clause describes the attitude-and action which proceeds from loyalty to Christ: we have died with (him), we endure (remain stedfast). In the last two lines the if-clause describes the attitude-and-action which proceeds from disloyalty.) The first two lines are clearly illustrations of synthetic or constructive parallelism. They do not express an identical thought, but there is progressive correspondence between the two propositions. As to the if-clauses, the persons who are assumed to have died with Christ are also the ones who endure, being faithful to death. And as to the conclusions, not only will such persons live with Christ, but they will also reign with him. These two go together.

Note that in all the four clauses of these two lines the subject is we .) The last two lines, describing the course of disloyalty, differ in form from the first two. Here we have not we & we, but twice we & he. In the third line , the conclusion is the expected one (just as in lines one and two). In the fourth line, however, the conclusion comes as somewhat of a surprise. It takes careful reflection before we realize that the surprising conclusion is, after all, the only possible one. Once we grasp its meaning, we understand that also lines three and four express a parallel thought, and are illustrations of synthetic parallelism.) Before a detailed analysis of these four lines is attempted, it should be stressed that taken as a whole they convey one main thought, namely, Loyalty to Christ, stedfastness even amid persecution, is rewarded, and disloyalty is punished.

This is in harmony with the idea of the entire chapter (see the Outline).) The meaning of the individual lines:) Lines 1 and 2) After the connective For, which has been explained, line 1 immediately confronts us with a difficulty. There are two main lines of interpretation there are also others which we shall pass by because even on the surface they are unreasonable ; and the first of these two main lines is subdivided into two main branches or forms:) The first main line of interpretation, in its first form, is as follows: If we have experienced physical death, having been put to death because of our loyalty to Christ, we shall also live with him in glory. The reference in the if-clause would then be to a violent death, the kind of death Christ also suffered. In the case of believers this would be the martyr s death.��135��) This interpretation is surely possible. It does not clash with the context. The apostle desires that Timothy be willing to endure bonds along with other faithful servants of God (verse 3).

Paul has just stated that he himself is suffering hardship even to bonds as an evil-doer, and that he endures all things for the sake of the elect (verses 9, 10). All this suffering has been imposed from without. Hence, when now in verse 11 he continues, For if we have died with (him), he could well have been thinking of that final form of physical affliction (the martyr s death) which may at any time be imposed upon Christ s loyal servants.) It is possible, however, that this interpretation is in need of some modification. This brings us to the second form in which the first main line of interpretation presents itself. Here, too, just as in the first form of this main line, the martyr s death is in the picture. But according to this view the sense would not be that believers (including Paul and Timothy) are pictured as having at any time already experienced the martyr s death but rather as being fully resigned to it and to all the afflictions which precede it.

Paul then would be saying, For Christ s sake and in harmony with his example we have given ourselves up once for all to a life that involves exposure to pain, torture, reproach, and finally to the martyr s death. We have, accordingly, died to worldly comfort, ease, advantage, and honor. If, then, we have in that sense died with (him), we shall also live with (him), here and now, even more by and by in heavenly glory, and especially after the Judgment Day in the new heaven and earth. Along this line Calvin, Ellicott, and Van Andel (for titles see Bibliography).) In favor of this interpretation are the following considerations:) (1) This also is not in conflict with the context which, as was noted, describes deprivation to which believers are exposed.) (2) It is in complete harmony with the line which immediately follows, for the person who has given up earthly ambition and has resigned himself for Christ s sake to reproach, suffering, and if need be to violent death, is the very man who endures, that is, who remains stedfast to the end. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.4.10|AUTODETECT|”
(3) It is in agreement with Paul s thought as expressed elsewhere. See especially ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.4.10|AUTODETECT|”
II Cor. 4:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.15.31|AUTODETECT|”: always bearing about in the body the dying of Jesus, so that the life of Jesus may also be manifested in our bodies. With this compare ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.31|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , I die daily .) 1 22 2 8 0 0 If this be the correct interpretation and I believe that it has much in its favor , the thought which Paul, in quoting from the hymn, is conveying, is the one with which we ourselves are familiar. It has been expressed poetically in the beautiful lines:) Hence with earthly treasure!) Thou art all my pleasure,) Jesus, all my choice.) Hence, thou empty glory!) ) Naught to me thy story,) Told with tempting voice.) Pain or loss or shame or cross) Shall not from my Savior move me,) Since he deigns to love me.) Hence, all fear and sadness!) For the Lord of gladness,) Jesus enters in.) Those who love the Father,) Though the storms may gather,) Still have peace within.) Yea, whate er I here must bear,) Thou art still my purest pleasure,) Jesus, priceless treasure. ) (Johann Frenck, 1653; translated by Catherine) Winkworth, 1863)) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.11|AUTODETECT|” The interpretation given, in either of its two forms, is surely preferable to the second main line of interpretation, according to which here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.11|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.8|AUTODETECT|” the apostle is referring in general (without any reference to the martyr s death) to the process of dying unto sin, that process of conversion and sanctification which is symbolized by the rite of baptism. This is a very popular view, in support of which an appeal is usually made to the similar-sounding passage, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.8|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 6:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .��136��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.11|AUTODETECT|” But the present passage, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.11|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.0|AUTODETECT|” , occurs in an entirely different context. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.0|AUTODETECT|” Romans 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 deals, indeed, with death unto sin. The theme of the beginning of that chapter is that of spiritual renewal ( What shall we say then? Shall we continue in sin that grace may abound? God forbid. We who died to sin, how shall we any longer live in it? & Our old man was crucified with him that the body of sin might be destroyed, etc.) And from verse 10 on to the end of that chapter the word sin (noun or verb) or its synonym occurs in every verse!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.8|AUTODETECT|” Accordingly, the contexts of the two passages 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.8|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 6:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.11|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) are entirely different. The one deals with sanctification in general; in the other cross-bearing and the martyr s death are in view. Things which differ should not be confused!) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Line 2 is not difficult once line 1 has been correctly interpreted. It means, If we remain stedfast to the very end (for the meaning of endurance see N.T.C. on I and II Thessalonians, p. 198), we shall be kings in close association with him. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.32|AUTODETECT|” If Interpretation 1, Form 1, is adopted, the living and reigning would have to refer solely to the believer s existence after death. If Interpretation 1, Form 2, is preferred, the living and reigning pertains in principle even to the period before death, but comes to fruition immediately after death 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.32|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.4|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 20:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.27|AUTODETECT|” ), reaching its everlasting climax on and after the Judgment Day, when the saints will live and reign with Christ with respect to both body and soul 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.27|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 7:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.34|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.5|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 22:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.3|AUTODETECT|” To live with Christ means to be with him, to have fellowship with him, to delight in him, to be like him, to love him, and to glorify him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.3|AUTODETECT|” John 17:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.5|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.1-51.3.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.1-51.3.4|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:1 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.2|AUTODETECT|” I John 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.12|AUTODETECT|” 5:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.1|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 14:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.11|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 19:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.19.14|AUTODETECT|”

1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.4|AUTODETECT|” 22:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.8.3-66.8.5|AUTODETECT|” To reign with Christ means to experience in one s own life the restoration of the royal office. By virtue of creation man held the threefold office of prophet, priest, and king. As prophet his mind was illumined so that he knew God. As priest his heart delighted in God. As king his will was in harmony with God s will. This threefold office, lost through the fall, is restored by God s grace. The joyful response of the believer s will to the will of Christ, that response which is true freedom, is the basic element in this reigning with Christ. Moreover, even during the period before death Christians rule the world by means of their prayers, in the sense that again and again judgments occur in answer to prayer 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.8.3-66.8.5|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 8:3 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.4.4|AUTODETECT|” ). In heaven they are even closer to the throne than are the angels 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.4.4|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 4:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.11|AUTODETECT|” 5:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.21|AUTODETECT|” ). In fact, they sit with Christ on his throne 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.21|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 3:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.149.5-19.149.9|AUTODETECT|” ), sharing his royal glory. And when Christ returns, the saints sit and judge with him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.149.5-19.149.9|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 149:5 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.2|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 6:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.3|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Lines 3 and 4) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.8|AUTODETECT|” Having stated in the first two lines what will happen to those who endure or are willing to endure hardship even to violent death, the last two lines of the quoted portion of the hymn take up the case of those who, having confessed Christ (at least with the lips), become disloyal to him. If we shall deny 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.8|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.72|AUTODETECT|” ) him, he on his part will also deny us. When a person, because of unwillingness to suffer hardship for the sake of Christ and his cause, disowns the Lord , then, unless he repents, he will be disowned by the Lord in the great day of judgment . See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.72|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:72) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.12|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.12|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.33|AUTODETECT|” ; also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.33|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.33|AUTODETECT|” To deny Christ means to be faithless. (The parallelism and also the conclusion he & remains faithful show that here the meaning of the verb used in the original cannot be: to be unbelieving.) Hence, the hymn continues: If we are faithless, he on his part & , but obviously the continuation cannot be will also be faithless. One can say, If we shall deny him, he on his part will also deny us, but one cannot say, If we are faithless, he on his part will also be faithless. Nevertheless, the conclusion of the fourth line corresponds in thought with that of its parallel, the third line; for, the clause he on his part remains faithful (line four) is, after all, the same (even more forcefully expressed!) as, he on his part will also deny us, for faithfulness on his part means carrying out his threats 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.33|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.32|AUTODETECT|” ) as well as his promises 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.32|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.24|AUTODETECT|” )! Divine faithfulness is a wonderful comfort for those who are loyal 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.24|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.3|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.9|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.13|AUTODETECT|” 10:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.18|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.23|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 10:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It is a very earnest warning for those who might be inclined to become disloyal.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 It is hardly necessary to add that the meaning of the last line cannot be, If we are faithless and deny him, nevertheless he, remaining faithful to his promise, will give us everlasting life. Aside from being wrong for other reasons, such an interpretation destroys the evident implication of the parallelism between lines three and four.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.23.10|AUTODETECT|” The final clause of verse 13 is probably to be regarded as a comment by Paul himself (not a part of the hymn): & for to deny himself he is not able. If Christ failed to remain faithful to his threat as well as to his promise, he would be denying himself, for in that case he would cease to be The Truth. See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.23.10|AUTODETECT|” Num. 23:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.10.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.10.10|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 10:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.2|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.7|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 3:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . But for him to deny himself is, of course, impossible. If it were possible, he would no longer be God!) 1 11 2 8 0 0 ) 2:14 26) 14 Remind them of these things, charging them in the presence of the Lord not to wage thoroughly useless word-battles, which upset the listeners. 15 Do your utmost to present yourself to God approved, a workman who has nothing to be ashamed of, rightly handling the word of the truth. 16 But profane empty-chatter shun, for they (who indulge in it) will advance to an increase of ungodliness. 17 And their word will devour like a gangrene. Among them are Hymenaeus and Philetus, 18 the kind of people who have wandered away from the truth, saying that (the) resurrection has already occurred, and they upset the faith of some. 19 Nevertheless, the solid foundation of God stands firm, having this seal:) The Lord knows those who are his,) and) Let every one who names the name of the Lord stand aloof from unrighteousness.) 20 But in a large house there are not only gold and silver utensils, but also wooden and earthen, and some (are) for honor, some for dishonor. 21 So, if anyone will effectively cleanse himself from these, he will be a utensil for honor, sanctified, very useful to the Master, prepared for every good work. 22 But from the desires of youth flee away, and run after righteousness, faith, love, peace with those who call upon the Lord out of pure hearts. 23 But those foolish and ignorant inquiries reject, knowing that they breed quarrels. 24 And the Lord s servant must not quarrel, but be gentle to all, qualified to teach, patient under injuries, 25 with mildness correcting the opponents, in the hope that possibly God may grant them conversion (leading) to acknowledgment of (the) truth, 26 and they may return to soberness, (being delivered) out of the snare of the devil, by whom they had been taken captive to (do) his will.) ) 14. The subject of verses 1 13 is continued, the difference being that what was stated positively in the previous paragraph is stated negatively now (cf., for example, verse 2, These things entrust to reliable men, such as will be able to teach others as well, with verse 14, charging them & not to wage thoroughly useless word-battles ; see also verses 16, 21, 22, 23, 24).) Says Paul, Remind them of these things, charging them in the presence of the Lord not to wage thoroughly useless word-battles��137�� which upset the listeners.) Timothy is told to remind the reliable men to remain stedfast in the performance of their God-given tasks of teaching, preaching, etc. Amid their many afflictions let them always look up to Jesus Christ, the risen and reigning Savior, who imparts strength to his faithful ones, and rewards them. It is clear that the expression these things, refers especially to the entire preceding paragraph (verses 1 13), and perhaps even more directly to verses 8 13.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.21|AUTODETECT|” Timothy, then, has a charge for these leaders, just as Paul had a charge for Timothy. In both cases it was a charge in the presence of God or (in the present instance) of the Lord 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.21|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.1|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” ). Thus solemnly Timothy must warn the ecclesiastical leaders of The District Ephesus and Surroundings not to wage thoroughly useless word-battles . For such word-quibbling see on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.3|AUTODETECT|” (there the noun is used; here the infinitive; in both cases the only instance of its use in the New Testament). Such word-battling is unto the catastrophy (up-setting) of the listeners. Paul is referring, of course, to the quarrels arising from investigations into endless myths and genealogies 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.3|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.4|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.4|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.7|AUTODETECT|” ), profane and old-womanish myths 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.7|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.3-54.1.7|AUTODETECT|” a), the kind of drivel that was exposed earlier 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.3-54.1.7|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:3 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.7|AUTODETECT|” 4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.3-54.6.10|AUTODETECT|” a; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.3-54.6.10|AUTODETECT|” 6:3 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It is evident that during the period which had elapsed between the writing of the two epistles to Timothy religious conditions in the Ephesus region had not improved! The leaders and future leaders had to be warned not to be sidetracked into the devious by-ways of futile debates.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.14.18|AUTODETECT|”

Timothy s personal example must serve as a powerful weapon against error: Do your utmost to present yourself to God approved. Timothy must exert every effort so to conduct himself that even now before the bar of God s judgment��138�� he stands approved, that is, as one who, after thorough examination by no one less than the Supreme Judge, has the satisfaction of knowing that the latter is well-pleased with him and commends him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.18|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 14:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.18|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.18|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 10:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Now this happy result will be achieved if Timothy is found to be:) 1 4 2 8 0 0 a. a workman who has nothing to be ashamed of,) accordingly also:) b. rightly handling the word of the truth.) Timothy, then, must be a workman, not a quibbler. His work, moreover, must be such that it does not reflect shame on him and that he does not need to fear that shame will cover him when he hears the divine verdict with respect to it.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.8|AUTODETECT|” This means, of course, that he is the kind of leader who is engaged in rightly handling the word of the truth. This word of the truth is the testimony concerning our Lord 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.8|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.13|AUTODETECT|” ), the gospel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.9|AUTODETECT|” ), the word of God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.9|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It is God s redemptive truth. The modifier of the truth emphasizes the contrast between God s unshakeable special revelation, on the one hand, and the Ephesian errorists worthless chatter on the other.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.11.5|AUTODETECT|” The expression rightly handling has caused much controversy. It is true that to cut is the primary meaning of the main element (the base) of the composite verb from which this present masculine participle (@��) is derived. Nevertheless, the view that the composite verb retains either this literal sense or the near-literal sense divide (A.V.) is debatable. In a composite verb the meaning-emphasis may shift to the prefix, until in the semantic process the literal sense of the base is lost. Thus straight-cutting begins to mean straight-handling, handling aright. It is not so strange that, by an easy transition from the physical to the moral sphere, some such notion as cutting a straight road or path led in the course of time to the exclusively moral use of the term. Thus ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.11.5|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 11:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.3.6|AUTODETECT|” (LXX) informs us that the righteousness of the perfect cuts his way straight, meaning: keeps his way straight, causes him to do what is right. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.3.6|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.15|AUTODETECT|” (LXX). Thus it is understandable that here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.2.15|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 the meaning is, handling aright. ��139��) 1 4 2 8 0 0 That the base should lose its original, literal meaning when a prefix is added is not strange. Even without any affix the word to cut is frequently used in a non-literal sense. Thus, the Greek speaks of cutting (taking) an oath, cutting (diluting) a liquid, cutting (working) a mine, etc. He also uses the expression cutting short (bringing to a crisis), and cutting the waves, just as we do today. And compare our idioms cutting a strange figure, cutting droll capers, cutting a pack of cards, etc.) Returning to the composite verb, I would emphasize that the context confirms the meaning which nearly all authorities ascribe to it. In the light of verses 14 and 16 the idea which Paul wishes to convey is clearly this, Handle the word of the truth rightly instead of waging thoroughly useless word-battles which upset the listeners, and instead of paying any attention to profane, empty-chatter. ) The man who handles the word of the truth properly does not change, pervert, mutilate, or distort it, neither does he use it with a wrong purpose in mind.

On the contrary, he prayerfully interprets Scripture in the light of Scripture. He courageously, yet lovingly, applies its glorious meaning to concrete conditions and circumstances, doing this for the glory of God, the conversion of sinners, and the edification of believers.) 16 18. The proper handling of the word of the truth implies the rejection of whatever is in conflict with its contents and meaning. Hence, Paul continues: But profane empty-chatter shun, for they (who indulge in it) will advance to an increase of ungodliness. And their word will devour like a gangrene.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.4|AUTODETECT|”
This profane empty-chatter has been dealt with earlier 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.4|AUTODETECT|”
I Tim. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.4.7|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.4.7|AUTODETECT|”
4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|”
a; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|”
6:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.6.20|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.6.20|AUTODETECT|”
20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
). The term refers to the unholy, useless disputes about fictitious genealogical histories and hair-splitting debates about niceties in the law of Moses. Verse 18 seems to indicate that the men who were afflicted with this disease subjected the teachings of Paul to the same abuse. They began to interpret them into oblivion, just as is happening even in our own day and age.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.6.20|AUTODETECT|”
Here, as in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.6.20|AUTODETECT|”
I Tim. 6:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
, Paul uses the plural, so that one might translate empty-jabberings. Whenever Timothy encounters them, he must turn himself about in order to avoid them. Engaging the errorists in debate will make them worse, for they (not the jabberings but the jabberers, as the rest of the sentence shows) will advance! Do these would-be teachers claim to be advancing, to be making progress? True, says Paul! They will advance & to more of ungodliness! A strange way to advance! They will chop forward steadily, removing every obstacle, making for the goal: an increase of wickedness! Paul surely knew how to use irony effectively!) 1 4 2 8 0 0
And their word or talk will devour. It will have pasture, ��140�� just like cattle have pasture, eating away in every direction. The foolish disputes of the jabberers will resemble a gangrene or malignant tumor. Not only does the cancer eat away the healthy tissue, but in doing so it also aggravates the condition of the patient. Similarly heresy, advertised by too much attention, will develop both extensively and intensively. By adversely affecting an ever-increasing proportion of the membership it will tend to destroy the organism of the church.) The ringleaders are now mentioned by name: Among them are Hymenaeus and Philetus, the kind of people who have wandered away from the truth, saying that the resurrection has already occurred, and they upset the faith of some.) The Dangerous Error of Hymenaeus and Philetus. The facts with respect to them may be summarized as follows:) (1) They were teachers of heresy in the Ephesian district.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.19|AUTODETECT|”
(2) Hymenaeus was possibly the leader. At least, in both passages in which he is mentioned, his name occurs first. In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.19|AUTODETECT|”
I Tim. 1:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.20|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.20|AUTODETECT|”
20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.2.16-55.2.18|AUTODETECT|”
(see on that passage) Paul associates him with Alexander; here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.2.16-55.2.18|AUTODETECT|”
II Tim. 2:16 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
, with Philetus. We do not know why Alexander is no longer mentioned along with Hymenaeus. Had he moved away? Had he died? Had he repented? About Philetus nothing is known except what is found here.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.6|AUTODETECT|”
(3) Hymenaeus and Philetus were the kind of (�5��) people who had wandered away 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.6|AUTODETECT|”
I Tim. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.6.21|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.6.21|AUTODETECT|”
6:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
) from the truth, that is, from the true doctrine of salvation in Christ. It is immediately evident that Paul is not discussing a minor difference of opinion among men who basically thought alike. On the contrary, he refers to capital error.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.6.3|AUTODETECT|”
(4) Their error consisted in this, that they said, The��141�� resurrection has already occurred. In this they resembled those present-day liberals who, while refusing to be caught saying, There is no resurrection, allegorize the concept. Now it must be admitted that Paul, too, believed in a spiritual resurrection, the act of God whereby he imparts the new life to those who are dead in sins and trespasses 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.6.3|AUTODETECT|”
Rom. 6:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.6.4|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.6.4|AUTODETECT|”
4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.2.6|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.2.6|AUTODETECT|”
Eph. 2:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.3.11|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.3.11|AUTODETECT|”
Phil. 3:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.12|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.12|AUTODETECT|”
Col. 2:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.3.1|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.3.1|AUTODETECT|”
3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.15.24|AUTODETECT|”
; and cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.15.24|AUTODETECT|”
Luke 15:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.15.0|AUTODETECT|”
). But the apostle also most definitely taught the resurrection of the body 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.15.0|AUTODETECT|”
I Cor. 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.3.21|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.3.21|AUTODETECT|”
Phil. 3:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.5.28|AUTODETECT|”
), just as Jesus had done 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.5.28|AUTODETECT|”
John 5:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.15.13|AUTODETECT|”
). According to Paul s teaching, denial of the bodily resurrection implies the complete overthrow of faith, for if there is no resurrection of the dead, then Christ has not been raised either; and if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain, your faith is in vain, & and you are still in your sins 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.15.13|AUTODETECT|”
I Cor. 15:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.15.14|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.15.14|AUTODETECT|”
14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.15.17|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.15.17|AUTODETECT|”
17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.20|AUTODETECT|”
(5) What made matters worse was that Hymenaeus and Philetus professed to be Christians. The context see verse 19b seems to indicate that they were among those who named the name of the Lord. Until their excommunication 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.20|AUTODETECT|”
I Tim. 1:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
) they had been members of the church!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.7|AUTODETECT|”
In fact, these false prophets pretended to be experts in all matters touching religion. They yearned to be law-teachers, although they understood neither the words which they were speaking neither the themes on which they were harping with so much confidence 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.7|AUTODETECT|”
I Tim. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
). They perverted both the law and Paul s teaching.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.4.3|AUTODETECT|”
(6) Their denial (by implication at least) of the bodily resurrection probably stemmed from pagan dualism, according to which whatever is spiritual is good, and whatever is material is evil. Their reasoning may well have been: Since matter is evil, our bodies must be evil. Hence, they will not be raised. The same basic error would lead to other erroneous deductions 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.4.3|AUTODETECT|”
I Tim. 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.9|AUTODETECT|”
(7) In view of their conviction that in their own case the resurrection the only one they recognized, namely, from sin to holiness, from error to knowledge had already occurred, why should they worry any longer about sin? They were self-righteous and conceited . Hence, God s law did not crush them. They used it as an instrument for adding to their fame as teachers, as has been explained 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.9|AUTODETECT|”
I Tim. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
).) 1 1 2 8 0 0
(8) This indifference to sin resulted in their advance from ungodliness to more of ungodliness .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.20|AUTODETECT|”
(9) For example, they even blasphemed railed at the true gospel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.20|AUTODETECT|”
I Tim. 1:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.2.15|AUTODETECT|”
(10) Their false teaching incipient gnosticism ) was contagious. They upset the faith of some. They turned upside down 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.2.15|AUTODETECT|”
John 2:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
, Vol. I, pp. 122, 123) the religious convictions of these church-members. Perhaps, as yet not many had been infected with this terrible heresy , but this was only the beginning. As a malignant tumor eats away the healthy flesh, so this wicked teaching eats away the Christian faith. ) 1 5 2 8 0 0
19. Does this mean then that God s true church can be destroyed? Says Paul, Nevertheless, the solid foundation of God stands firm, having this seal:) The Lord knows those who are his,) and) Let everyone who names the name of the Lord stand aloof from unrighteousness.) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.24.11|AUTODETECT|”
False prophets shall lead many astray 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.24.11|AUTODETECT|”
Matt. 24:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.24.24|AUTODETECT|”
). In fact, if it were possible, they would lead astray even the elect 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.24.24|AUTODETECT|”
Matt. 24:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.10.14|AUTODETECT|”
). But the Good Shepherd knows his sheep, and gives everlasting life to them, and they shall certainly never perish, and no one shall snatch them out of his hands 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.10.14|AUTODETECT|”
John 10:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.10.28|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.10.28|AUTODETECT|”
28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.46.5|AUTODETECT|”
). Since God is in the midst of her, God s city shall not be moved 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.46.5|AUTODETECT|”
Ps. 46:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=58.12.28|AUTODETECT|”
). His kingdom cannot be shaken 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=58.12.28|AUTODETECT|”
Heb. 12:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.9.6|AUTODETECT|”
). Though Paul has just pointed out that certain individuals have wandered away from the truth and have upset the faith of some (verse 18), it must ever be borne in mind that they are not all Israel that are of Israel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.9.6|AUTODETECT|”
Rom. 9:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.11.26|AUTODETECT|”
), and that, in spite of defections, all Israel shall be saved 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.11.26|AUTODETECT|”
Rom. 11:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=62.2.19|AUTODETECT|”
; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=62.2.19|AUTODETECT|”
I John 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=60.5.9|AUTODETECT|”
In similar vein he now writes, Nevertheless, the solid 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=60.5.9|AUTODETECT|”
I Peter 5:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=58.5.12|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=58.5.12|AUTODETECT|”
Heb. 5:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=58.5.14|AUTODETECT|”
, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=58.5.14|AUTODETECT|”
14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
) foundation of God stands firm (�� third per. sing., perfect indicative). But what is meant by this solid foundation ? Among the many answers that have been given such as, the Old and New Testaments, the bodily resurrection, the Christian religion, etc. the following are, perhaps, the most important: (1) Election from eternity; (2) Christ himself; (3) the church.��142��) 1 1 2 8 0 0
With respect to (1): This idea cannot be altogether discarded. Paul has just made mention of election (verse 10). No doubt the idea of the divine predestinating love does enter in notice especially the words, The Lord knows (from everlasting) those who are his ; nevertheless, nowhere else does the apostle call election a foundation. Besides, the second inscription on the seal (verse 19b) is hardly in keeping with this interpretation, and the context does not demand it.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.3.10-46.3.12|AUTODETECT|”
With respect to (2): It is true that Christ is called the foundation in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.3.10-46.3.12|AUTODETECT|”
I Cor. 3:10 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.2.20|AUTODETECT|”
. Nevertheless, this does not settle the matter. One cannot always ascribe exactly the same meaning to Paul s metaphors. Thus, in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.2.20|AUTODETECT|”
Eph. 2:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.2.19|AUTODETECT|”
Christ is not called the foundation but the chief cornerstone. Here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.2.19|AUTODETECT|”
II Tim. 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
there is nothing to suggest that Christ is regarded as the foundation.) 1 2 2 8 0 0
With respect to (3): I consider this view to be correct. The church, established upon the bedrock of God s predestinating love, is his foundation, his building well-founded. Reasons for adopting this view:) a. This harmonizes most beautifully with the context: God s true church consists of those who are his, those who stand aloof from unrighteousness (note the seal!). By calling the church God s solid foundation, Paul stresses its permanency and immobility. Some, indeed, have wandered away, etc., but the true church is immovable!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.3.15|AUTODETECT|”
b. This is consistent with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.3.15|AUTODETECT|”
I Tim. 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.2.19|AUTODETECT|”
. There, too, the church is called the foundation or the support 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.2.19|AUTODETECT|”
II Tim. 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
��).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.27.66|AUTODETECT|”
God s foundation has a seal (not merely an inscription!). Now a seal may indicate authority and thus may protect or at least warn against all tampering. Thus, the tomb of Jesus was sealed 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.27.66|AUTODETECT|”
Matt. 27:66) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=22.8.6|AUTODETECT|”
). Again, it may be a mark of ownership. Set me as a seal upon thy heart 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=22.8.6|AUTODETECT|”
Solomon 8:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=17.3.12|AUTODETECT|”
). Or it may authenticate a legal decree or other document, certifying and guaranteeing its genuine character. Thus, the decree of Xerxes was sealed 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=17.3.12|AUTODETECT|”
Esther 3:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.9.2|AUTODETECT|”
; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.9.2|AUTODETECT|”
I Cor. 9:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.7.2-66.7.4|AUTODETECT|”
When we now read that God s solid foundation, the church, has a seal, it is probably unwarranted to apply only one of these three ideas to this seal. The seal by which believers are sealed protects, indicates ownership, and certifies, all three in one!��143�� Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.7.2-66.7.4|AUTODETECT|”
Rev. 7:2 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.16|AUTODETECT|”
. God the Father protects them, so that none are lost. He has known them as his own from all eternity (the context calls for this idea). God the Son owns them. They were given to him. Moreover, he bought or redeemed them with his precious blood. This idea of ownership is clearly expressed here . And God the Holy Spirit certifies that they are, indeed, the sons of God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.16|AUTODETECT|”
Rom. 8:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
). This divine protection, ownership, and certification seals them!) 1 6 2 8 0 0
But how do believers experience the comfort of the seal? The answer is: by taking to heart what is written on the seal! The seal bears two closely related inscriptions. God s decree and man s responsibility receive equal recognition:) The first inscription deals the deathblow to Pelagianism; the second, to fatalism.) The first is dated in eternity; the second, in time.) The first is a declaration which we must believe; the second, an exhortation which we must obey.) The first exalts God s predestinating mercy; the second emphasizes man s inevitable duty.) The first refers to the security; the second to the purity of the church (Wuest, in agreement with Vincent).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.6.19|AUTODETECT|”
Between the two there is a very close connection. That connection is interpreted beautifully in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.6.19|AUTODETECT|”
I Cor. 6:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.6.20|AUTODETECT|”
b, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.6.20|AUTODETECT|”
20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0: You are not your own, for you were bought with a price (cf. the first inscription); glorify God therefore in your body (cf. the second inscription).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.16.0|AUTODETECT|” The close relationship between the two inscriptions is evident also from the fact that the words of both were probably derived from the same Old Testament incident; namely, the rebellion by Korah, Dathan, and Abiram 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.16.0|AUTODETECT|” Numbers 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Hymenaeus and Philetus, in their rebellion against true doctrine and holy living, resembled these wicked men of the old dispensation. In both of these instances of rebellion against constituted authority there was disbelief of what God had clearly revealed. In both cases the leaders involved others in their crime. The implication is that just as the rebellion under Korah, etc., ended in dire punishment for those who rebelled and for their followers, so also will the present rebellion of Hymenaeus and Philetus terminate in disaster for them and their disciples, unless they repent.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The similarity between the Old Testament references and Paul s words will be seen by placing them in parallel columns:) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.16.5|AUTODETECT|” Numbers 16:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.16.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=4.16.26|AUTODETECT|”

1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.19|AUTODETECT|” (LXX): ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.19|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 : ) 1 4 2 8 0 0 God & knows those who are his. The Lord knows those who are his. ) Separate yourselves from the tents of these wicked men & lest you be destroyed along with them in all their sin. Let everyone who names the name of the Lord stand aloof from unrighteousness. ) ) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.16.0|AUTODETECT|” It is probable, however, that in addition to the story of rebellion so vividly portrayed in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.16.0|AUTODETECT|” Numbers 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.18.19|AUTODETECT|” , Paul was thinking of other Old Testament references. Thus, the following (and other similar passages) may also have served as a basis for the first inscription: the Lord knows Abraham 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.18.19|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 18:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.33.12|AUTODETECT|” ), Moses 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.33.12|AUTODETECT|” Ex. 33:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.33.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.33.17|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=34.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ), those who take refuge in him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=34.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Nah. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.19|AUTODETECT|” ). The aorist tense here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.19|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.14|AUTODETECT|” , The Lord knows or knew (��), may be called timeless. By virtue of his sovereign grace he from eternity acknowledged them as his own, and consequently made them the recipients of his special love and fellowship (in the Spirit). Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.14|AUTODETECT|” John 10:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.27|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.28|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.28|AUTODETECT|” . Hence, they are perfectly safe. They can never be lost 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.28|AUTODETECT|” John 10:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.23|AUTODETECT|” But this security does not become their possession in any arbitrary or mechanical fashion. The first inscription has no meaning at all apart from the second, nor the second apart from the first. The Lord will tell the wicked that he has never known them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.23|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 7:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.27|AUTODETECT|” Luke 13:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ). The two inscriptions always go together if anyone is ever to become a truly sealed person. Security and purity dovetail. Read in this connection, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.13|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.1|AUTODETECT|” : God chose you from the beginning to salvation through sanctification by the Spirit and belief of the truth. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.1|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.2|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 0 : Elect & according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience, etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Hence, the second inscription follows hard upon the first. On the seal the two stand next to each other; or one on one side, the other on the other side. Compare an American coin, with its two sides, an inscription upon each, one pointing to God as the source of our liberty, the other reminding us of the fact that though there are many States, yet there is only one nation, and implying that all should co-operate. Obverse: IN GOD WE TRUST; Reverse: E PLURIBUS UNUM.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.16.26|AUTODETECT|” Basic to the words of the second inscription are, in addition to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.16.26|AUTODETECT|” Num. 16:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.26.13|AUTODETECT|” , such Old Testament passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.26.13|AUTODETECT|” Is. 26:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.6.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.6.8|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 6:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.52.11|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.52.11|AUTODETECT|” Is. 52:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.17|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.17|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 6:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 (exhortations to depart from evil and from evil-workers). Whether the apostle derived the thoughts embodied in the two inscriptions directly from the Old Testament, or whether they had first become embodied in a Christian hymn, as some think, is a question that cannot now be answered, and is of little importance.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.8.0|AUTODETECT|” The meaning of the second inscription is this: expressed reliance on God must reveal itself in a life that is consecrated to God s glory. A person s confession must exemplify itself in a holy walk and conduct. The person who in prayer and praise names the name of the Lord thereby declares that he embraces God s revelation of himself in the realm of nature 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.8.0|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.24|AUTODETECT|” ) and of redemption 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.24|AUTODETECT|” John 16:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ). Such a person must be consistent! That very consistency is what Hymenaeus and Philetus lacked. They named the name of the Lord, and promoted unrighteousness! Literally Paul says Let everyone who names the name of the Lord apostatize. But in this connection it must be borne in mind that the Greek uses this verb (to apostatize, stand aloof, withdraw oneself from) both in a favorable and in an unfavorable sense. Let him apostatize & not from the faith 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), but from unrighteousness of every variety.) 1 1 2 8 0 0

But, although God s elect never perish, in a large house there are not only gold and silver utensils, but also wooden and earthen, and some for honor, some for dishonor.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.24-40.13.30|AUTODETECT|” Timothy must not be surprised about the fact that there is such a thing as defection! He must bear in mind that it is with the visible church as it is with a large house. Such a large house contains all kinds of utensils; that is, furniture, vases, pots and pans, etc., in short, all those material objects which one expects to find in a mansion, the entire household contents ; hence, not only gold and silver but also wooden and earthen vessels; not only articles to be kept and displayed, but also those which are taken to the dump or junk-yard when they have served their purpose. In passing, note that Paul must say large house, because a small house might not contain gold and silver utensils. Similarly, the visible church, as it manifests itself on earth, contains true believers (some more faithful, comparable to gold; others less faithful, comparable to silver) and hypocrites. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.24-40.13.30|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 13:24 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.34-40.25.40|AUTODETECT|” : wheat and tares. The genuine members are destined for honor 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.34-40.25.40|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:34 40) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.41-40.25.45|AUTODETECT|” ); the others, for dishonor 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.41-40.25.45|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:41 45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.2.30|AUTODETECT|” ). Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.2.30|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 2:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.21|AUTODETECT|” b; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.21|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 9:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .��144��) 1 1 2 8 0 0
How can one be sure of being a utensil for honor? The answer is: So, if anyone will effectively cleanse himself from these, he will be a utensil for honor, sanctified, very useful to the Master, prepared for every good work.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.33|AUTODETECT|” Close and intimate association with hypocrites may easily lead to moral and spiritual contamination 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.33|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.14|AUTODETECT|” ; and see N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.14|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 3:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The temptation to fall into this trap must be avoided. The sin of accepting the doctrines and/or of copying the example of such wicked men (whether the latter be thought of as still in the church or as already out of the church) must be avoided (cf. verse 19b); and if committed, must be confessed, and the evil must be overcome with good. Thus, a person must effectively or thoroughly cleanse himself from these, that is, from evil men and their defiling doctrines and practices; from such men as Hymenaeus and Philetus and their disciples, and from their false teachings and evil habits.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.1|AUTODETECT|” Now if anyone will thus effectively cleanse himself, he will be a utensil for honor.��145�� The reality rises above the figure: a cheap dish will always remain a cheap dish, but God s grace enables a sinner to become a saint, a utensil for honor. Such a person, having cleansed himself, is sanctified. Through the purifying operation of the Holy Spirit he has now become a saint in experience as well as position (K. S. Wuest, Golden Nuggets, p. 72), having been wholly set apart for the Lord and his work, and this abidingly. Accordingly, he is now very useful to his Master, the One who exercises full authority over him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.2|AUTODETECT|”

1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Jude 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.6.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.6.10|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 6:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.17|AUTODETECT|” ), namely, Jesus Christ. Once for all he is prepared for every good work 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.17|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.8|AUTODETECT|” 3:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.14|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.9.8|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.9.8|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 9:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��146��) 1 1 2 8 0 0

The way to cleanse oneself is to become detached from that which is evil and attached to that which is good. Hence, Paul continues: But from the desires of youth flee away, and run after righteousness, faith, love, peace with those who call upon the Lord out of pure hearts.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.12|AUTODETECT|” When Paul wrote these words, Timothy must have been 37 42 years of age 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.12|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). He was still rather young, especially in relation to the position of trust and responsibility which he occupied. So the apostle warns him against the (or those well-known, note the article) desires of youth. But just what does he mean?��147��) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The word desire that is used in the original, whether in a favorable or unfavorable sense, always indicates strong yearning. As the footnote indicates, it is used far more often in an unfavorable than in a favorable sense. In the present passage, it is definitely sinful desire that is meant . Such sinful desires, as the footnote also proves, can be classified more or less after the manner of modern psychology (though here these yearnings would hardly be called sinful), as follows:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.24|AUTODETECT|” (1). Pleasure, etc., the inordinate craving for the satisfaction of the physical appetites: the lust for food and drink, pleasure-madness, uncontrolled sexual desire 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.24|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.18.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.18.14|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 18:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , etc.)) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.16|AUTODETECT|” (2). Power, etc., the ungoverned passion to be Number 1, the lust to shine or be dominant. This results in envy, quarrelsomeness, etc. This sinful tendency is included prominently in such references as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.16|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.24|AUTODETECT|”

1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.10|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.18|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Jude 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.18|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.9|AUTODETECT|” (3). Possessions, etc., uncontrolled yearning for material possessions and for the glory that goes with them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.9|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 in its context).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.1-40.4.4|AUTODETECT|” Objectively speaking, Christ triumphed over the first when in the first temptation he said, Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds out of the mouth of God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.1-40.4.4|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:1 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.5-40.4.7|AUTODETECT|” ); over the second, when in the second temptation he refused to cast himself down from the pinnacle of the temple 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.5-40.4.7|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:5 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.8-40.4.10|AUTODETECT|” ); and over the third, when in the third temptation he refused to receive as a gift out of Satan s hand the kingdoms of the world and their glory 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.8-40.4.10|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:8 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). As a result of his triumph he in a far more glorious sense received from his heavenly Father the very things with which the devil had tempted him. (In Christ s case, however, the temptations were entirely objective; there were no subjective, sinful tendencies.)) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Since these inordinate desires often assert themselves more turbulently in youth than in old age as he grows older a Christian rises above them through the sanctifying grace of the Holy Spirit, bringing him gradually to spiritual maturity , they are here fittingly called the desires of youth .) Two extremes should be avoided. First, it is wrong to construe the reference to be, either exclusively or predominantly, to uncontrolled sexual desire. Secondly, it is not necessary to exclude this evil entirely from view. The term, as here used, must probably be taken in its most general sense, as indicating any sinful yearning to which the soul of a young or relatively young person is exposed. If, within this general connotation, any element of special emphasis must be found, it should be derived from the context. In the present case there was, perhaps, the tendency of the younger man to be somewhat impatient with those who stood in the way.

Timothy s high moral character, coupled with his youthful years, might induce him to act somewhat inconsiderately toward those who were opposing the truth. A person of natural reserve, timidity, and general amiability, such as Timothy, can at times act rather impulsively when at last, contrary to his natural tendency, he is aroused to action. But whether or not in Paul s mind there was any special reference to this particular danger of youth cannot now be determined. The sinful desires of youth may best be regarded in the most general sense, and thus as the antonyms of the virtues now mentioned: righteousness, faith, love, and peace. ) Grammatically it is also possible to interpret Paul s words as meaning no more than this: Timothy, continue to do exactly as you have always been doing. Keep on in your present course, fleeing away from the desires of youth and pursuing righteousness, faith, love, peace, etc.��148�� But, though the tense used in the original permits this interpretation, it does not require it. It is, moreover, in line with Paul s very practical bent of mind to assume that these crisp commands bear some reference to reality, and were warnings that were actually needed, yes needed even by Timothy because of certain character-weaknesses, however unpronounced they may have been.

In our desire to do full justice to the beauty of Timothy s character, let us not equip him with wings!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.11|AUTODETECT|” Paul s youthful associate, then, must constantly flee away from the sinful propensities of youth, and must cultivate the habit of running after the virtues that are here enumerated. Note the alliteration run after righteousness 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.11|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) and the chiastic sentence-structure, with the vices and the virtues (the last one, peace, expanded into a compound phrase) at either end of the sentence; and the opposite actions flee away from, run after next to each other in the middle.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Since most of the concepts here mentioned have occurred before, the reader is referred to the more detailed explanation in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.12|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.11|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.11|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Briefly, then, what Paul has in mind may be paraphrased as follows:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=29.2.32|AUTODETECT|” From the sinful tendencies of youth flee away, and run after (steadily pursue) the following: a. that state of heart and mind which is in harmony with God s law ; b. humble and dynamic confidence in God ; c. deep personal affection for the brothers, including in your benevolent interest even the enemies ; and d. undisturbed, perfect understanding with all Christians 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=29.2.32|AUTODETECT|” Joel 2:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.12|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.2|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 out of pure hearts). The pure hearts (the original has the singular where English prefers the plural) are the inner personalities of those who stand aloof from unrighteousness (verse 19) and have effectively cleansed themselves (verse 21).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 23. To the admonition of verse 22 a second is now added: But those foolish and ignorant inquiries reject, knowing that they breed quarrels.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.4|AUTODETECT|” See what has already been said with reference to this in our comments on verse 14 above, and on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.4|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.7|AUTODETECT|” 4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” 6:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.9|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.9|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Not only must Timothy refrain from waging thoroughly useless word-battles (verse 14), but he should even refuse, politely but definitely, to bother with the well-known (note the article) enquiries that would result in such word-battles. Such enquiries are foolish. They are senseless, the kind of investigations which one associates with morons. They are ignorant, uneducated or uninstructed ; that is, they are the work and the mark of ignorant men. The person who has been properly educated in God s redemptive truth is able to distinguish between the worth-while and the worthless, and does not conduct such worse than useless enquiries (into genealogical and other Jewish-tradition lore). Timothy must constantly refuse to have anything to do with them, for he knows that they breed or generate quarrels.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 24 26. These three verses clearly form a unit. The mention of quarrels in verse 23 leads Paul to re-inforce his admonition that Timothy must refuse to become involved in foolish and ignorant enquiries. Such enquiries breed quarrels, which are exactly the obstacles which ministers must avoid. Says Paul:) And the Lord s servant must not quarrel, but be gentle to all, qualified to teach, patient under injuries, with mildness correcting the opponents, in the hope that possibly God may grant them conversion (leading) to acknowledgment of (the) truth, and that they may return to soberness, (being delivered) out of the snare of the devil, by whom they had been taken captive to (do) his will.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Timothy is the servant (this is a better rendering than slave; see N.T.C. on John, Vol. II, footnote 184) of the Lord 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ; then also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.1|AUTODETECT|” James 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.42.2|AUTODETECT|” ). As such he should resemble his Lord, who was meek, lowly, restful; who did not cry or lift up his voice or cause it to be heard in the street; who when he was oppressed and afflicted opened not his mouth, but was like a lamb that is brought to the slaughter; and who refused to revile those who reviled him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.42.2|AUTODETECT|” Is. 42:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.7|AUTODETECT|” 53:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.9.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.9.9|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 9:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.19|AUTODETECT|” 12:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.5|AUTODETECT|” 21:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.21-60.2.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.21-60.2.24|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 2:21 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). True, the Lord s servant the term and the admonition apply not only to Timothy but to every minister must be an excellent soldier (see verses 3 and 4 above), but he must not be a quarreller, a mere quibbler about farcical questions regarding family-trees and rabbinical law-interpretations.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.7-52.2.12|AUTODETECT|” Instead of finding in these words additional proof that Paul cannot have written the Pastorals, one should find in them the very opposite. It was Paul who also wrote ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.7-52.2.12|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:7 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 !) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.7|AUTODETECT|” The Lord s servant, then, must be gentle 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.7|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , the only New Testament occurrences), that is, affable, easy to speak to, approachable in his demeanor; not irritable, intolerant, sarcastic, or scornful, not even toward those who err. He must try to win them. Hence, he must be gentle to all!) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Gentleness is necessary, for the Lord s servant must be qualified to teach, capable of imparting counsel and instruction.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.21-60.2.24|AUTODETECT|” His gentleness will, however, not always be reciprocated or even appreciated. His teaching will at times meet with ridicule and abuse, with insult and injury. When this happens, he must be patient under injuries. He must hold up under evil 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.21-60.2.24|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 2:21 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Not only must he be gentle in outward demeanor; he must also be mild or meek in inner attitude or disposition, with mildness 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.21|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.21|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 4:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.1|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 10:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.23|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.1|AUTODETECT|” 6:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.2|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.12|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.21|AUTODETECT|” James 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.3.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.3.13|AUTODETECT|” 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.15|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.29|AUTODETECT|” ) correcting the opponents ; cf. Christ s example 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.20|AUTODETECT|” ). Note here the play on words in the original. The opponents never ceased to come up with ignorant or uninstructed enquiries (verse 23). So the apostle tells Timothy to instruct these uninstructed ones, to educate the uneducated, to discipline 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.20|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) the undisciplined, to inform the uninformed. Instead of entering into their foolish enquiries, he must gently show them why one should not even bother with these things, and he must then immediately proceed to impart positive instruction, so that the opponents may thus receive correction.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The purpose of all this didactic and pastoral work is now stated: in the hope that possibly God may grant them conversion, leading to acknowledgment of the truth, and they may return to soberness & This hope may have been expressed in such a hesitant manner because with the errorists contradicting had become a habit. It had become hard for them even to listen to the truth. If there was to be a change, no one less than God would have to bring it about. It is Paul s earnest longing that this great transformation may still be effected.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.8-47.7.10|AUTODETECT|” The word used in the original to indicate this basic change (��) means more than repentance. It is conversion 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.8-47.7.10|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 7:8 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), a term which looks forward as well as backward, whereas repentance mainly looks backward. Conversion, moreover, affects not only the emotions but also the mind and the will. In fact, it is first of all (as the derivation of the word implies) a complete change-over in mental and moral outlook. It is a radical change of view that leads to a radical change of life. Thus, it is here described as leading to acknowledgment of (the) truth. Paul hopes that the adherents of false doctrine will be converted from their habit of majoring on minors, and that they will recognize and confess the great and wonderful truth as revealed in the gospel and as centered in Christ.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.7|AUTODETECT|” He hopes, accordingly, that they may return to soberness (��). (This is the only occurrence of this compound verb in the New Testament. But see also footnote 193.) Through the work of the ministry may the adversaries be brought back to their senses; may they be aroused from their dull stupor, being delivered out of the snare of the devil, that is, out of the snare set by the devil, the snare into which he had lured them, that they might do his will 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.7|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). That this is the meaning is clear from the words which immediately follow: by whom they had been taken captive to (do) his will (literally, having been taken captive by him (that is, by the devil), for that one s (the devil s) will ).��149��) 1 17 2 8 0 0 True conversion, then, is a radical change:) (1). from ignorance to acknowledgment of the truth (verse 23, verse 25);) (2). from intoxication and stupor to soberness (verse 26a); and) (3). from slavery to freedom (verse 26b).) Synthesis of Chapter 2) See the Outline at the beginning of the chapter.) In view, then, of the examples and of the gift which he has received, let Timothy Paul s child be strengthened in the grace that is in Christ Jesus. In order to become strong himself and to benefit the church, let him teach men who, in turn, are qualified to teach others. To such men let him entrust those teachings which he among many others, witnesses all has heard from the lips of Paul throughout their years of association with each other.) Now this activity of teaching in fact, all the work of the ministry will not be easy, but will result in hardship for Timothy. Let him then be a noble soldier and suffer hardship along with Paul and the witnesses just mentioned. Let him be encouraged by the fact that only the soldier who fights wholeheartedly, only the athlete who competes according to the rules, and only the farmer who works hard, will receive their reward. Thus also Timothy will receive his reward.

Let him rely on his Lord, who will give him understanding in all matters. Let him, moreover, keep in memory Jesus Christ. He, too, performed his task wholeheartedly, obediently never breaking any divine rule , and diligently. And did he not receive his reward? Was he not raised from the dead, and does he not reign on high as the rightful spiritual heir of David? Is this not true according to the gospel which Paul cherishes as his very own ?) For this gospel Paul suffers hardship, even to bonds, as if he were a criminal.

But he is greatly comforted by the fact that though he himself is bound, the word of God which he proclaims is not bound but accomplishes God s pleasure in the hearts and lives of all the elect, in order that they may obtain the salvation which centers in Christ Jesus with everlasting glory.) Four lines of what was probably an early-church hymn are now quoted. These show that loyalty to Christ and stedfastness even in the midst of bitter persecution are ever rewarded by the privilege of living and reigning with Christ; while, on the contrary denial and disloyalty are punished by being rejected by him who ever remains faithful to his threats as well as to his promises, not being able (adds Paul) to do otherwise.) In the second part of this chapter the apostle shows that word-battles, profane empty-chatter, and foolish inquiries serve no useful purpose and breed quarrels. Timothy must do his utmost to win God s approval, as a workman who has nothing to be ashamed of, one who rightly handles the word of the truth. The errorists will make progress, indeed, but what kind of progress? They will advance & to an increase of ungodliness! Their word will have pasture, eating its way like a malignant tumor.

Among the ring-leaders of these false teachers are Hymenaeus and Philetus, men who teach that the only resurrection is the spiritual one, which, they say, has already occurred! But though these do upset the faith of some, God s true church remains stedfast. It is his solid foundation. Its members are protected by the Father, owned by the Son, and certified by the Spirit. In other words, they are sealed. And on that seal there are two inscriptions, one stressing the divine side of their salvation: The Lord knows who are his ; and the other bringing out the human side: Let every one who names the name of the Lord stand aloof from unrighteousness. ) With the visible church, however, it is as with a large house: not everything in it is equally valuable: some vessels are destined for honor; others for dishonor.

Hence, it should not cause any surprise that men like Hymenaeus and Philetus have a following. But if anyone will effectively cleanse himself from men of this type and their evil influences, he will be & very useful to the Master, prepared for every good work. This applies also to Timothy.) Now in order to become thus thoroughly qualified, Timothy must also flee away from the sinful desires that pertain to the younger generation. Positively, he should stedfastly pursue faith, love, etc. He must not be quarrelsome but gentle to all. Only in this way will he be qualified to teach.

Such teaching will require that he exercise great patience, even under injuries. When opposed, he should correct his opponents with mildness, in the hope that possibly God may grant them conversion, a complete mental, moral, and spiritual turn-about which leads to acknowledgment of the truth and to soberness. Thus they will have been delivered from the snare set by the devil, by whom they had been taken captive to do his (that is, the devil s) will.) ) ) ) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.12|AUTODETECT|” 125 The word used in the original has various shades of meaning. The exact connotation is sometimes difficult to determine. At times not much more than a spectator and/or auditor seems to be meant; one, however, who is able, if he so desires, to give competent testimony 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.12|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.2|AUTODETECT|” ). Then again, the idea of actually giving testimony of that which one has seen and/or heard seems to be reached. Similarly, in our own language a witness may be a. a person who is competent to give testimony whether or not he does it, or b. a person who actually gives testimony. In the present passage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.2|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.13|AUTODETECT|” ) the latter is probably the sense in which the word is used. The witnesses of whom Paul speaks were not merely silent observers and listeners. They were obedient to the exhortation, Let the redeemed of Jehovah say so. It is easy to see how the legal sense in which the term witness is used is related to this meaning 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.13|AUTODETECT|” Acts 6:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.58|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.58|AUTODETECT|” 7:58) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.20|AUTODETECT|” ). Finally, the word may signify a martyr (see also N.T.C. on John, Vol. I, p. 7), one who has sealed his testimony with his blood. Thus, for example, Stephen and Antipas were martyrs. Nevertheless, even when these are called ��, the question is debatable: In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.20|AUTODETECT|” Acts 22:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.13|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.11.3|AUTODETECT|” should we choose as English equivalent the word witness or martyr? Often, as in their case, the faithful witnesses became martyrs. This also applies to the witnesses mentioned in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.11.3|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 11:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.17.6|AUTODETECT|” ; see verse 7; and in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.17.6|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 17:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.4|AUTODETECT|” 126 I cannot follow Gealy (The Interpreter s Bible, Vol. II, pp. 478, 479) on this passage. Certainly �� does not have to mean through. The meaning among or in the midst of is easily accounted for. The preposition seems to have been derived from the number two (cf. �� and ��). From this it developed into be-tween , which, slightly modified in meaning, easily slides into among or in the midst of (and by a different semantic shift, into through). Cf. the use of �� in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.4|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . In this connection it should be noted that the meaning in the midst of is not only late Greek, as is sometimes maintained. Homer already uses the preposition in that sense (Iliad IX, 468; Odyssey IX, 298). In this note I have indicated only a few semantic shifts. It is high time that more intensive study be devoted to the origin and evolution of New Testament prepositions. I have tried to do this with respect to ��. See my doctoral thesis The Meaning of the Preposition �� in the New Testament, Princeton Seminary Library. For �� what is found in Gram.N.T., pp. 580 584 is a good beginning.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 127 A.V., endure hardness rests on an inferior reading. A.R.V., Suffer hardship with me, adds the wrong pronoun. The context favors us. Another translation (R.S.V. and others), Take your share of suffering, though somewhat less literal, is good.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.4|AUTODETECT|” 128 This, by necessity, is a somewhat free translation. Literally the passage reads: No one soldiering entangles himself in the business-pursuits of the ��. M.M., p. 532, shows that �� may have either the more restricted meaning business which provides a livelihood, or the wider meaning matter, affair. The word �� may have one of several meanings depending on the context: mode of life, livelihood, the world we live in, biography, settled or civilian life, etc. Here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.4|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 the context seems to draw a contrast between military and civilian life; hence, the rendering civilian life seems best. It is either that or livelihood. In the latter case the entire phrase would be, business of making a livelihood. ) 1 9 2 8 0 0 129 It is true that Paul made tents, but this was not a business-pursuit in which he was engaged in order to establish himself financially. His heart was in his one, great endeavor. In order to gain the best results for Christ and his kingdom, he made good tents. See N.T.C. on I and II Thessalonians, p. 66.) 130 ) With respect to the grammatical implications of the tenses in this sentence, I beg to differ (respectfully, of course!) with two authorities: First, I do not believe that the present active subjunctive (��) necessarily implies that the apostle has in mind a professional athlete. It is true that he may have been thinking of such a person, but the present tense could also be used of anyone else. It simply pictures the action as in progress.

For the opposite view see Bouma, op. cit., p. 273.) Secondly, I do not believe that the first aorist active subjunctive (��) necessarily means, unless in a particular contest he contends, as A. T. Robertson maintains (Word Pictures, Vol. IV, p. 617). The aorist tense simply summarizes the action, takes a snapshot of it, instead of picturing it as being in progress. It is only fair to add that elsewhere Robertson himself states this; see Gram.N.T., p. 832.) 131 The textual apparatus in N.N. clearly indicates that E is to be preferred here to .

It also shows that will give (��) is the best reading. It is not difficult, moreover, to account for the variants.) 132 I have discussed the genealogical problem with respect to the Davidic origin of Christ s human nature, in my Bible Survey, pp. 135 139.) A.V. Authorized Version (King James)) A.R.V. American Standard Revised Version) N.T.C. W. Hendriksen, New Testament Commentary) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.10|AUTODETECT|” 133 Lenski, op. cit., p. 791, in connection with the present passage, assails the Calvinistic doctrine. It is to be commended in him that he shows where he stands. But he does not furnish proof that this doctrine is unscriptural. Besides, if his attack on the Calvinistic position means that the Calvinist fails to point out that believers should make their calling and election sure 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.10|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), then we answer that this is a point which the well-balanced Calvinist emphasizes. See L. Berkhof (surely a Calvinist!), The Assurance Of Faith, Grand Rapids, Mich. 1928, the whole book!) 1 15 2 8 0 0 134 ) Grammatically the four lines are similar in that all are First Class Conditional Sentences. In this case the condition is assumed to be true to fact. Whether it is actually a fact has nothing to do with the form of the conditional clause.) In this kind of sentence we find �0 with any tense of the indicative in the protasis. In the four lines which are quoted the apodosis, too, is constantly in the indicative. However, in the first three lines the apodosis is in the form of a prediction (future tense); in the last it is in the form of a statement of fact (present tense).) Summary:) Protasis Apodosis ) Line 1: First person plural aorist indicative. First person plural future indicative ) Line 2: First person plural present indicative.

First person plural future indicative ) Line 3: First person plural future indicative. First person singular future indicative ) Line 4: First person plural present indicative. Third person singular present indicative ) ) ) I do not agree with Lenski, op. cit., p. 793, when he maintains that the use of the aorist tense shows that, since neither the apostle nor Timothy had as yet died physically, Paul in writing If we have died with him, cannot have been thinking of physical death. The aorist tense does not necessarily indicate that an action has taken place in the actual past. It simply views an action as a whole. Accordingly, the interpretation, For if at any time we have died with (him), we shall also live with him, is not grammatically impossible.) 135 Bouma, op. cit., pp. 283, 284, interprets the passage in this manner.) 136 Among the many commentators who share this view, in one form or another, are Barnes, Gealy (in The Interpreter s Bible), Lenski, Lock (in The International Critical Commentary), Scott (in The Moffatt New Testament Commentary), Van Oosterzee (in Lange s Commentary), and White (in Expositor s Greek Testament).) 137 ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.2.14|AUTODETECT|”
Note on the textual variants in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.2.14|AUTODETECT|”
II Tim. 2:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.5.21|AUTODETECT|”
. Though N.N. favors �� instead of �� , the textual evidence in favor of the former is not sufficiently preponderant to rule out the idea that it may have been substituted for �� to bring the phrase into exact, verbal agreement with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.5.21|AUTODETECT|”
I Tim. 5:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.4.1|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.4.1|AUTODETECT|”
II Tim. 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
. But essentially the difference is unimportant.) 1 1 2 8 0 0
As to the remaining variants, the readings adopted by N.N. are probably the best. The infinitive (��) is natural in the present construction. As to the difference between the two �� -phrases, the first followed by the accusative , the second by the dative , the attempts to eliminate this difference in construction after the same preposition (either by causing �� to be followed by the dative both times, or by substituting �0� for the first ��) evidently stem from a desire for less rugged syntax.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.27.24|AUTODETECT|”
138 The word �� seems to have the judicial sense here 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.27.24|AUTODETECT|”
Acts 27:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.14.10|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.14.10|AUTODETECT|”
Rom. 14:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.8.8|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.8.8|AUTODETECT|”
I Cor. 8:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0
) which it has at times in the papyri. See M.M., pp. 494, 495.) 1 1 2 8 0 0
139 One possible reason why this verb has caused some difficulty to English readers may have been that in English the expression cutting straight or even rightly dividing is not immediately clear as an idiom which must be interpreted figuratively. On the other hand, those who are familiar with the Dutch Bible (Statenvertaling) experience no difficulty, for that language has the idiom: die het Woord Gods recht snijdt, he who cuts the Word of God straight, which is immediately understood to mean, he who handles the Word of God in the proper, straightforward manner. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.4.11|AUTODETECT|”
140 This looks like a medical term. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.4.11|AUTODETECT|”
II Tim. 4:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0: Dr. Luke was with Paul!) 1 1 2 8 0 0 141 It is true that the textual evidence somewhat favors the omission of the article. Nevertheless, the context shows that pernicious, fundamental error is meant. Had Hymenaeus and Philetus merely taught that there was a resurrection which was past already, the apostle would not have been disturbed in the least, for that would have been a thoroughly scriptural (also Pauline) doctrine. But these heresy teachers totally denied the physical resurrection. Hence, as to the article, either: we must accept the reading of A.C., Koine text, D pl., or we must assume that �� can be definite even without the article.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.19|AUTODETECT|” 142 For the first view see on this passage Calvin; also J. L. Koole; for the second, C. Bouma; for the third, Gealy, Lenski, Van Dyk, White, and Wuest. For titles see Bibliography. Bouma, commenting on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.19|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.15|AUTODETECT|” , flatly rejects the idea that the foundation indicates the church, op. cit., p. 297 (even more definitely in his Korte Verklaring, p. 150). Nevertheless, op. cit., p. 146, commenting on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.15|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , he states, The Church of the Lord is a pillar; what is more, it is a foundation. ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 143 Thus also D. M. Edwards in his excellent article Seal in I.S.B.E..) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.10-46.3.15|AUTODETECT|” 144 Reference to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.10-46.3.15|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 3:10 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.12-46.12.31|AUTODETECT|” or to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.12-46.12.31|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 12:12 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.20|AUTODETECT|” only serves to confuse matters. The first discusses building-materials (works, teachings); the second, distribution of talents. But ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.20|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.21|AUTODETECT|”

1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.15|AUTODETECT|” describes church-members, genuine and false. Scott (op. cit., p. 114) says that the writer of II Timothy uses a clumsy simile that becomes more and more confused. Bouma (Korte Verklaring, p. 152) thinks of this house of verse 20 as built upon the foundation mentioned in verse 19. That is one reason why he cannot identify the foundation with the church, for how can the church be built upon the church? But verse 20 does not say that the house of verse 20 is built on the foundation of verse 19. Both of these interpreters fail to do justice to the fact that each metaphor must be given its own distinct interpretation. This is often the case in Scripture. The church is both a house and a foundation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.15|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.19|AUTODETECT|” , though the words used in the original vary slightly from those used here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.19|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.20|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.0|AUTODETECT|” ). In one sense it is like a house; in another sense it is like a foundation. Thus also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.0|AUTODETECT|” John 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 Jesus is both the door and the Good Shepherd. His enemies are strangers, thieves, and hirelings. And in the book of Revelation the church is both a bride and a city. See N.T.C. on John, Vol. II, p. 102. These are not mixed metaphors, but different metaphors.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 145 The construction is regular: a future more vivid conditional sentence, using �� with the aorist subjunctive in the protasis, and the future indicative in the apodosis. The condition is conceived as a probable future reality. See N.T.C. on John, Vol. I, pp. 42, 43. The expression utensil for honor has three modifiers: sanctified and prepared are perfect passive participles; very useful is an old verbal adjective.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.17|AUTODETECT|” 146 This, however, does not necessarily mean that the utensils for dishonor serve no useful purpose in the church. They do, and this in spite of themselves! Study ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.17|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 9:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.22|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.23|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.7.4|AUTODETECT|” . Even Pharaoh was of some use 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.7.4|AUTODETECT|” Ex. 7:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.7.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.7.5|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.9.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.9.16|AUTODETECT|” 9:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.10.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.10.1|AUTODETECT|” 10:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.10.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.10.2|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Cheap dishes serve a useful purpose even though they are soon discarded!) 1 1 2 8 0 0 147 ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.15|AUTODETECT|” The word desire (��) has the following uses: (1) Legitimate desire: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.15|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.23|AUTODETECT|” (Christ s desire to eat the Passover with his disciples); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.23|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.17|AUTODETECT|” (Paul s desire to depart and be with Christ); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.17|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 (the desire of Paul, etc., to re-visit the Thessalonians).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 (2) Illegitimate or sinful desire (the desire for wrong things, or simply the wrong kind of desire):) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.24|AUTODETECT|” a. With the emphasis definitely on sins in the realm of sex: 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.24|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.5|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 4:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.19|AUTODETECT|” b. With the emphasis more general, the context at times indicating one or more of the following: the closely related sins of sex and of idolatry, the liquor-mania, inordinate craving for material possessions, self-assertiveness (hence, quarreling, jealousy, vanity, the lust to dominate): ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.19|AUTODETECT|” Mark 4:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.44|AUTODETECT|” (the thorns which choke the good seed); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.44|AUTODETECT|” John 8:44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.12|AUTODETECT|” (Satan s desires); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.12|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 6:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.7|AUTODETECT|” (unrighteous desire versus righteousness); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.7|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 7:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.8|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.14|AUTODETECT|” (covetousness); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.14|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 13:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.16|AUTODETECT|” (note synonyms); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.16|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.24|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.3|AUTODETECT|” (sex, idolatry, self-assertiveness in several manifestations, drunkenness, etc.); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.3|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.16|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.16|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.22|AUTODETECT|” , though there the context is more specific); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.22|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.5|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.16|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.16|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.9|AUTODETECT|” ); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.9|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.22|AUTODETECT|” (money-lust and its results); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.22|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.6|AUTODETECT|” (the passage under discussion); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.6|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ( various impulses, see on that passage); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.3|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.12|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.3|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.14|AUTODETECT|” ( malice, envy, etc.); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.14|AUTODETECT|” James 1:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.15|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.16|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.16|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.14|AUTODETECT|” ); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.14|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.11|AUTODETECT|” 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.1|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.1|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.4.2|AUTODETECT|” : wickedness, guile, hypocrisy, envy, evil speaking ); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.4.2|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 4:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.4.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.4.3|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.4|AUTODETECT|” (sins of sex and idolatry, drunkenness and its results); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.4|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.10|AUTODETECT|” (very general); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.10|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.18|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.3|AUTODETECT|” (sex, self-assertiveness and kindred sins); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.3|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.2.16|AUTODETECT|” (emphasis on mockery); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.2.16|AUTODETECT|” I John 2:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.2.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.2.17|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Jude 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.18|AUTODETECT|”
1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.18.14|AUTODETECT|” (mockery, sinful desire for advantage, animal-desires, the dissatisfied spirit, arrogance); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.18.14|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 18:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Probably this also belongs here (inordinate desire for ripe fruits, crowding out desire for spiritual things).) 1 3 2 8 0 0 R. C. Trench, op. cit., par. lxxxvii, has shown that while �� represents the more passive aspect of evil desire, �� expresses the active side, and is also far more comprehensive in its New Testament usage.) 148 Lenski interprets along this line, p. 812.) 149 It is difficult to see why there is so much disagreement about the pronouns �P�� and ��. The antecedent of �P�� is naturally the nearest noun (the devil); and the antecedent of �� is the nearest pronoun (him, that is, the devil). This makes excellent sense. It is the devil who captures men, and endeavors to hold on to them.

Note the perfect passive participle: having been captured (primary meaning: caught alive) once for all. The devil does not intend to release them! Attempts to connect these pronouns with remote antecedents in order to prove that one or both of them refer to God or to the Lord s servant impress me as being unsuccessful. Hence, I cannot agree here with Robertson, op. cit., p. 622; Lenski, op. cit., p. 818; Scott, op. cit., p. 117; Lock, op. cit., p. 103; etc.)

New Testament Commentary (Baker)

William Hendriksen (1900–1982) was a Dutch-American Reformed theologian and professor at Calvin Theological Seminary. His New Testament Commentary series, later completed by Simon J. Kistemaker, covers the entire New Testament and is one of the most highly regarded Reformed commentary sets of the …

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Old Testament

New Testament

MAT MRK LUK JHN ACT ROM 1CO 2CO GAL EPH PHP COL 1TH 2TH 1TI 2TI TIT PHM HEB JAS 1PE 2PE 1JN 2JN 3JN JUD REV

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