01.01.02.06. CHAPTER VI. OF THE FIGURES OF A SENTENCE IN DIALOGISM.
CHAPTER VI. OF THE FIGURES OF A SENTENCE IN DIALOGISM.
FIGURES in a dialogism, of which we have given a description before, are five in number, which we will briefly expound and illustrate with examples; as,
1. Aporia or diapornsiv, doubting or deliberation, is a figure when we deliberate, or reason with ourselves, what we ought to say or do; as Psalms 139:7, "Whither shall I go from thy Spirit? or whither shall I fly from thy face," (or presence?) See the four following verses. Other examples are, Lamentations 2:13; Luke 16:3-4; 2 Corinthians 11:22; Php 1:22-24; Romans 7:24-25.
2. Anakoinwsiv, Anacoenosis, which signifies communication, or an imparting of a thing to another) is a figure, when we deliberate or consult with those things, with whom we argue for, or against; as Isaiah 5:3-4, "Now therefore, inhabitants of Jerusalem, and men of Israel, judge I pray you, betwixt me and my vineyard." &c.; so Luke 11:19; Acts 4:19; 1 Corinthians 4:21; 1 Corinthians 10:15-16; 1 Corinthians 11:13-14; Galatians 3:1-2, Galatians 3:5, and Galatians 4:21, (&c.)
3. Prolhyiv, occupation, is when that which may be objected, is anticipated and avoided; this is done either covertly, or tacitly; or openly and plainly. Of the first sort we reckon, when the objection is not mentioned, but only the answer; Romans 9:6, "It cannot be that the word of God should take no effect; for they are not all Israelites, that are of Israel," (so the Greek:) this obviates an objection, viz., if Israel be rejected, the word of God will be ineffectual; "I will be thy God, and the God of thy seed," &c. An open and plain prolepsis, is when the objection is stated and answered: this is often joined with a prosopopoeia,---the parts of this are upofora, hypophra, anqupofora, anthupophora: the first is the adversary’s reason, or objection; the latter, the solution or confutation of it. Examples are Isaiah 49:14, "But Sion said, the Lord hath forsaken me, and my Lord hath forgotten me;" the answer of this objection follows, Isaiah 49:15, "Can a woman forget her sucking child," &c. See also Matthew 3:9; Romans 3:1-4, Romans 3:27, Romans 3:29, Romans 3:31; Romans 4:1-3; Romans 6:1-2; Romans 7:7; Romans 9:14, Romans 9:19-20; Romans 10:18-19; Romans 11:1, Romans 11:11, Romans 11:19-20; 1 Corinthians 15:35-36, (&c.)
4. Epitroph, epitrope, permission, is when we seriously or ironically permit or grant a thing, and yet object the inconveniency or unreasonablenes of it; examples of a serious epitrope are, Romans 2:17, "Behold thou art called a Jew, and restest in the law, and makest thy boast of God," Romans 2:18, "and knowest his will," &c., as if he had said, I grant it is so; but why is thy conversation so disagreeable to that outward profession? Romans 2:20, and the following verses show this to be the meaning; see also Romans 9:4-5; Galatians 4:15-16. An ironical epitrope is, when we seem to grant a thing, which is indeed a prohibition of the contrary. Of this Illyricus says, Clave Script., part 2, Col. 302. "It is a species of permission, when we grant what is unjust to any, not as judging what he says right, but as it were giving way to his obstinacy, malice, or fury. As angry fathers use to say to their dissolute sons, I see you will ruin yourself, take your course, run on headlong to destruction." Examples you may read, Judges 10:14; Proverbs 6:32; 1 Kings 22:15; Ecclesiastes 11:9; Isaiah 29:1; Jeremiah 2:28; Jeremiah 7:21; Lamentations 4:21; Ezekiel 20:39; Amos 4:4-5; Matthew 23:32; Matthew 26:45; John 2:19; John 13:27; 1 Corinthians 15:32; 2 Corinthians 11:19; Revelation 22:11.
5. Sugxwrhsiv, Synchoresis, concession, is when a certain question is granted, yet withal declared to be unprofitable or of no advantage; James 2:19, "Thou believest that there is one God, thou doest well; the devils also believe and tremble." See Romans 11:19-20, (&c.,) 1 Corinthians 4:8; 1 Corinthians 10:1-2, 1 Corinthians 10:11; 1 Corinthians 12:16, (&c.)