The Causal Sentence

The Causal Sentence
§ 147. A lighter way of suggesting causality is afforded by and, especially in circums. clauses. Exodus 23:9, ye shall not oppress a stranger ‏וְאַתֶּם יְדַעְתֶּם נֶפֶשׁ הַגֵּר‎ because yourselves know the feelings of a stranger; cf. Nehemiah 2:3. Cf. § 137.
Commonly used is ‏כִּי‎ because, Genesis 8:9. Similarly, ‏אְַשֶׁר‎ Genesis 30:18, 1 Samuel 26:16, 1 Kings 3:19, 2 Kings 17:4, (both, Zechariah 11:2), Jeremiah 20:17.—Also the prep. ‏יַעַן‎ coupled with rel. ‏אשׁר‎ or ‏כי‎. Isaiah 7:5 ‏יַעַן כִּי־יָעַץ רָעָה‎ because he has purposed evil. The phrase is affected by Is., Isaiah 3:16; Isaiah 8:6; Isaiah 29:13; elsewhere, Numbers 11:20, 1 Kings 13:21; 1 Kings 21:29 (always with perf.). Very common ‏יען אשׁר‎; 1 Samuel 30:22 ‏יַעַן אְַשֶׁר לֹא הָֽלְכוּ עִמִּי‎ because they went not with me. Genesis 22:16, Deuteronomy 1:36, Judges 2:20, 1 Kings 3:11; 1 Kings 14:7, 1 Kings 14:15 (always with perf.—except Ezekiel 12:12?). Also ‏יַעַן‎ simply as conj., Numbers 20:12 ‏יַעַן לֹא הֶֽאֱמַנְתֶּם‎ because ye believed not, 1 Kings 14:13, 2 Kings 22:19. As a prep. with inf., Isaiah 30:12 ‏יַעַן מָֽאָסְכֶם‎ because of your rejecting, Isaiah 37:29, Jeremiah 5:14; Jeremiah 7:13; Jeremiah 23:38, Amos 5:11, &c.—only in the prophets and 1 Kings 21:20.
Rem. 1. Several prep. have causal force, as ‏בְּ‎, ‏מִן‎, ‏עַל‎, ‏תַּחַת‎, mostly in composition with ‏אשׁר‎ or ‏כי‎. Genesis 39:9 ‏בַּֽאְַשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֹ‎ because thou art his wife; Genesis 39:23. Isaiah 43:4 ‏מֵֽאְַשֶׁר יָקַרְתָּ‎ because thou art dear. 2 Samuel 3:30 ‏עַל אְַשֶׁר הֵמִית‎ because he slew. Deuteronomy 29:24, 1 Kings 9:9; neg., ‏עַל אְַשֶׁר לֹא‎ 2 Kings 18:12; 2 Kings 22:13. So ‏עַל כִּי‎ Judges 3:12, Deuteronomy 31:17 (nominal sent.), Psalms 139:14. With rel. omitted in neg. sent., Genesis 31:20, Psalms 119:136. Often ‏עַל‎ with inf., Amos 1:3, Amos 1:6, Amos 1:9, Amos 1:11, &c—So ‏תַּחַת אשׁר‎, Deuteronomy 28:47 ‏תַּחַת אְַשֶׁר לֹא עָבַדְתָּ‎ because thou hast not served. 1 Samuel 26:21, 2 Kings 22:17, Isaiah 53:12. So ‏תַּחַת כִּי‎, Deuteronomy 4:37.—Of the same meaning is ‏עֵקֶב אְַשֶׁר‎, Genesis 22:18; Genesis 26:5, 2 Samuel 12:6 (‏על אשׁר‎ in next clause). So ‏עֵקֶב כִּי‎, Amos 4:12, 2 Samuel 12:10. Without rel., Numbers 14:24. For other forms cf. Deuteronomy 23:5, Jeremiah 3:8.
Rem. 2. Repetition of ‏יַעַן‎ for emphasis, Leviticus 26:43, Ezekiel 13:10, cf. Ezekiel 36:3.