ἀπόστολος, -ov, 6; 1. a delegate, messenger, one sent forth with orders, (Hat. 1, 21 ; 5, 38; for mow in 1 K. xiv. 6 [Alex.]; rabbin. m-u/) : Jn. xiii. 16 (where ὁ ἀπόστ. and ὁ πέμψας αὐτόν are contrasted) ; foll. by a gen., as τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν, 2 Co. viii. 23; Phil. ii. 25; andor. τῆς ὁμολογίας ἡμῶν the apostle whom we confess, of Christ, God’s chief messenger, who has brought the κλῆσις ἐπουράνιος, as compared with Moses, whom the Jews confess, Heb. iii. rE 2. Specially applied to the twelve disciples whom Christ selected, out of the multitude of his adherents, to be his constant companions and the heralds to proclaim to men the kingdom of God: Mt. x. 14; Lk. vi. 13; Acts i. 26; Rey. xxi. 14, and often, but nowhere in the Gospel and Epistlesof John; [the word ἀπόστολος occurs. 79 times in the N. T., and of these 68 instances are in St. Luke and St. Paul.” Bp. Lghtft.]. With these apostles Paul claimed equality, because through a heavenly intervention he had been appointed by the ascended Christ himself to preach the gospel among the Gentiles, and owed his knowledge of the way of salvation not to man’s instruction but to direct revelation from Christ himself, and moreover had evinced his apostolic qualifications by many signal proofs: Gal. i. 1, 11 sq.; ii. 8; 1Co.i. 17; ix. 1 sq.; xv. 8-10; 2 Co. iii. 2sqq. ; xii. 12; 1 Tim. ii. 7; 2 Tim. i. 11, ef. Acts xxvi. 12-20. According to Paul, apostles surpassed as well the various other orders of Christian teachers (ef. διδάσκαλος, εὐαγγελιστής, mpoφήτης), as also the rest of those on whom the special gifts (cf. χάρισμα) of the Holy Spirit had been bestowed, by receiving a richer and more copious conferment of the Spirit: 1 Co. xii. 28sq.; Eph.iv.11. Certain false teachers are rated sharply for arrogating to themselves the name and authority of apostles of Christ: 2 Co. xi. 5, 13; Rev. ii. 2. 3. Ina broader sense the name is transferred to other eminent Christian teachers; as Barnabas, Acts xiv. 14, and perhaps also Timothy and Silvanus, 1 Th. ii. 7 (6), ef. too Ro. xvi. 7 (?). But in Lk. xi. 49; Eph. iii. 5; Rev. xviii. 20, ‘ apostles’ is to be taken in the narrower sense. [On the application of the term see esp. Bp. Lghtft. on Gal. pp. 92-101; Har. nack on ‘Teaching’ ete. 11, 3; ef BB.DD.s. ν.] ἀποστοματίζω ; (στοματίζω --- ποῖ extant —from στόμαν; prop. to speak ἀπὸ στόματος, (cf. ἀποστηθίζω) ; 1. to recite from memory: Themist. or. 20 p. 238 ed. Hard. ; to repeat to a pupil (anything) for him to commit to memory: Plat. Euthyd. p. 276 ο., 277 a.; used of a Sibyl prophesying, Plut. Thes. 24. 2. to ply with questions, catechize, and so to entice to [off-hand] answers : τινά, Lk. xi. 53.

ἀπόστολος apostolos 80x

one sent as a messenger or agent, the bearer of a commission, messenger, Jn. 13:16; an apostle, Mt. 10:2

ἀπόστολος, -ου, ὁ

(< ἀποστέλλω), [in LXX; III Ki 14:6 A (שְׁלִיחַ)*;]

a fleet, an expedition (Dem.).

a messenger, one sent on a mission (Hdt., LXX, III Ki 14:6, and π.; v. M, Pr., 37 f.; MM, s.v.; M, Th., i, 2:7 and reff.): Jo 13:16, II Co 8:23, Phl 2:25.

In NT, an Apostle of Christ with special ref. to the Twelve: Mt 10:2, Mk 3:14, Lk 11:49, Eph 3:5, Re 18:20, al., equality with whom is claimed by St. Paul, Ga 1:1, 11 ff, I Ti 2:7, a1.;

in a wider sense of prominent Christian teachers, as Barnabas, Ac 14:14, apparently also Silvanus and Timothy, I Th 2:6, and perhaps Andronicus and Junias (Junia?), Ro 16:7 (v. ICC, in l.); of false teachers, claiming apostleship: II Co 11:5, 13, Re 2:2. (On the different uses of the term in NT, v. Lft., Gal., 92-101; Cremer, 530; DB, i, 126; DCG, i, 105; Enc. Br., ii, 196 ff.)

ἀπόστολος. It is not easy to point to an adequate parallel for the NT usage of this important word, but it may be noted that in Herod. i. 21 (cf. v. 38) it is found = ‘‘ messenger,” ‘‘ envoy,” and with the same meaning in LXX 3 Regn 14° A ἐγώ εἰμι ἀπόστολος πρὸς σὲ σκληρός, cf. Symm. Isai 18%. Reference may also be made to the interesting fragment in P Par p- 411 f. (B.c. 191), where, if we can accept the editor's restoration of the missing letters, we read of a public official who had sent to a delinquent a messenger bearing the orders he had disregarded—erec|tadkétwy ἡμῶν πρός σε τὸν ἀπίόστολον]. Cf. also a lexical extract cited by Nageli, Pp. 23, ὃ ἐκπεμπόμενος μετὰ στρατιᾶς καὶ παρασκευῆς ἀπόστολος καλεῖται : this is interesting as being coloured with the association found in Attic, though applied to a person. Apart from its use in Attic inscriptions, as Sy// 153 (B.C. 325) = ‘‘fleet,” ‘‘naval expedition,” ἀπόστολος is used for a ‘‘ship” in P Oxy III. 522 (ii/a.p.). In this document (cf. also P Tebt IT. 486, ii/iii A.D.), which is an account of the expenses of corn-transport, it is of interest to notice that each ἀπόστολος is known by the name of its owner, e.g. λόγος ἀποστόλου Τριαδέλφου, ‘‘account—for the ship of Triadelphus.” In P Oxy IX. 119728 (A.D. 211) a different sense is required—oméray ta ἐξ ἀποστόλων πλοῖα παραγένηται, where Hunt renders, ‘whenever the boats collected in accordance with the orders of lading arrive,” and cites P Amh IT. 138!° (A.D. 326) (as amended by Mitteis, Chrest. I1., p. 391) ἐϊξ ἀποστόλου τῆς τάξεως, where a ship-master embarks certain loads ‘‘in accordance with the bill of lading of the Officium,” also P Lond 256(a)?°(A.D. 15) (=IL., p. 99) ἀκολούθως τῷ [18 letterslov ἀποστόλῳ, and CPilerm 611}. (cf. Wilcken Chres¢. I., p. 522) ἐπ[εὶ o]t σοὶ ἐπίτροποι τοὺς καλο]υμένους ἀποστόλους [. . . .. . δι] ὧν κελεύειν α[ὐτο]ῖς ἔθος [τὴν] τοῦ σείτου ἐμ[β]ο[λὴν ποιεῖσ)ται (2. -θαι). In P Oxy X. 125910 (A.D. 211-2) ἐξ ἀποστόλου τοῦ κρατίστου ἐπιτρόπου τῆς Νέας πόλεως ‘in accordance with the message of his excellency”’ (Edd.), the noun seems to be move general ; but the papyrus concerns the shipment of corn to Alexandria. See further Archiv ili. p. 221 f. Since in early times the non-specialized and etymological meaning is found in Herodotus, and the other only in Attic writers, we see in the NT use the influence of Ionic on the Kown: cf. Profeg. pp. 37, 81.

ἀπόστολος (apostolos) — apostle. ἀπόστολ-ος, ὁ, messenger, ambassador, envoy, ὁ μὲν δὴ ἀ. ἐς τὴν Μίλητον ἦν[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς Λακεδαίμονα τριήρεϊ ἀ. ἐγίνετο he went off on a mission to Laced., [Refs] __b commander of a naval force, [Refs 5th c.AD+]

2. messenger from God, [LXX]; especially of the Apostles, [NT]

II. ={στόλος}, naval squadron or expedition, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀπόστολον ἀφιέναι, ἀποστέλλειν, ποιεῖσθαι, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

II.2. colony, [Refs 1st c.BC+]

II.3. ={ἀποστολή}, of envoys, [Refs 1st c.AD+]

II.4. ἀπόστολον, τό, with or without πλοῖον, packet, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.5. ἀπόστολος, ὁ, order for dispatch, of a vessel, [Refs 3rd c.AD+]

II.6. export-licence, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]

II.7. genitive uncertain, cargo dispatched by order, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]