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1 Corinthians 12:28
Verse
Context
The Greater Gifts
27Now you are the body of Christ, and each of you is a member of it.28And in the church God has appointed first of all apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then workers of miracles, and those with gifts of healing, helping, administration, and various tongues.29Are all apostles? Are all prophets? Are all teachers? Do all work miracles?
Sermons







Summary
Commentary
- Adam Clarke
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
- John Gill
- Tyndale
Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
God hath set some in the Church - As God has made evident distinctions among the members of the human body, so that some occupy a more eminent place than others, so has he in the Church. And to prove this, the apostle numerates the principal offices, and in the order in which they should stand. First, apostles - Αποστολους, from απο from, and στελλο, I send; to send from one person to another, and from one place to another. Persons immediately designated by Christ, and sent by him to preach the Gospel to all mankind. Secondarily, prophets - Προφητας, from προ, before, and φημι, I speak; a person who, under Divine inspiration, predicts future events; but the word is often applied to these who preach the Gospel. See on Co1 12:8 (note). Thirdly, teachers - Διδασκαλους, from διδασκω, I teach; persons whose chief business it was to instruct the people in the elements of the Christian religion, and their duty to each other. See on Rom 8:8 (note). Miracles - Δυναμεις· Persons endued with miraculous gifts, such as those mentioned Mar 16:17, Mar 16:18; casting out devils, speaking with new tongues, etc. See on Co1 12:8 (note), and at the end of the chapter, (Co1 12:31 (note)) Gifts of healings - Χαρισματα ιαματων· Such as laying hands upon the sick, and healing them, Mar 16:18; which, as being one of the most beneficent miraculous powers, was most frequently conceded. See on Co1 12:8 (note). Helps - Αντιληψεις. Dr. Lightfoot conjectures that these were the apostles' helpers; persons who accompanied them, baptized those who were converted by them, and were sent by them to such places as they could not attend to, being otherwise employed. The Levites are termed by the Talmudists helps of the priests. The word occurs Luk 1:54; Rom 8:26. Governments - Κυβερνησεις. Dr. Lightfoot contends that this word does not refer to the power of ruling, but to the case of a person endued with a deep and comprehensive mind, who is profoundly wise and prudent; and he thinks that it implies the same as discernment of spirits, Co1 12:8 (note). He has given several proofs of this use of the word in the Septuagint. Diversities of tongues - Γενη γλωσσων· Kinds of tongues; that is, different kinds. The power to speak, on all necessary occasions, languages which they had not learned. See on Co1 12:8 (note).
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
set . . . in the church--as He has "set the members . . . in the body" (Co1 12:18). first apostles--above even the prophets. Not merely the Twelve, but others are so called, for example, Barnabas, &c. (Rom 16:7). teachers--who taught, for the most part, truths already revealed; whereas the prophets made new revelations and spoke all their prophesyings under the Spirit's influence. As the teachers had the "word of knowledge," so the prophets "the word of wisdom" (Co1 12:8). Under "teachers" are included "evangelists and pastors." miracles--literally, "powers" (Co1 12:10): ranked below "teachers," as the function of teaching is more edifying, though less dazzling than working miracles. helps, governments--lower and higher departments of "ministrations" (Co1 12:5); as instances of the former, deacons whose office it was to help in the relief of the poor, and in baptizing and preaching, subordinate to higher ministers (Act 6:1-10; Act 8:5-17); also, others who helped with their time and means, in the Lord's cause (compare Co1 13:13; Num 11:17). The Americans similarly use "helps" for "helpers." And, as instances of the latter, presbyters, or bishops, whose office it was to govern the Church (Ti1 5:17; Heb 13:17, Heb 13:24). These officers, though now ordinary and permanent, were originally specially endowed with the Spirit for their office, whence they are here classified with other functions of an inspired character. Government (literally, "guiding the helm" of affairs), as being occupied with external things, notwithstanding the outward status it gives, is ranked by the Spirit with the lower functions. Compare "He that giveth" (answering to "helps")--"he that ruleth" (answering to "governments") (Rom 12:8). Translate, literally, "Helpings, governings" [ALFORD]. diversities of tongues-- (Co1 12:10). "Divers kinds of tongues."
John Gill Bible Commentary
And God hath set some in the church,.... As before the apostle gives an account of the various different gifts of the Spirit, qualifying men for service in the church of Christ, here he enumerates the several offices and officers: first apostles; as were the twelve disciples, and Paul the apostle; men that were immediately sent by Christ himself, and had their commission and doctrine directly from him; and a power of working miracles, to confirm the truth of their mission and ministry; they were sent into all the world to preach the Gospel, to plant churches everywhere, and to ordain officers in them; they were not confined to any particular church, but had power and authority in all the churches, to preach the word, administer ordinances, advise, counsel, direct, reprove, and censure: secondarily, prophets; who either had the gift of foretelling things to come, as Agabus and others; or who had a peculiar gift, by divine revelation, of explaining the prophecies of the sacred writings, and of preaching the Gospel: thirdly, teachers; the same with pastors, elders, and overseers; the ordinary ministers of the word, who have a gift of expounding the Scriptures; not by extraordinary revelation, but by the ordinary gift of the Spirit, in the use of means, as reading, meditation, and prayer; and whose work is to preach the word, administer ordinances, feed and govern particular churches, over whom they are set: after that miracles; which is to be understood, not of some persons, as distinct from apostles, prophets, and teachers, who also had the power of working miracles; but from persons and officers in the church, the principal of which the apostle had mentioned, he passes to things, which belonged at least to some of them; unless it can be thought that there were in those times private Christians, who were neither apostles nor prophets, nor teachers, and yet had a power of doing miracles: then gifts of healing; the sick, by anointing them with oil, which was only one species of doing miracles; and which was sometimes performed, not only by apostles, and such like extraordinary persons, but by the common elders and ordinary officers of the church: helps: meaning either the ministers of the word in common, who are helpers of the faith and joy of the saints, and are means of increasing their knowledge and spiritual experience, and of establishing them in the truth; see Act 18:27 or else such evangelists and ministers of the word as were assistants to the apostles, such as Mark, and Timothy, and Titus; or rather the deacons of churches, whose business it is to take care of tables; the Lord's table, the minister's, and the poor's, and all the secular affairs of the church; and so are helps to the minister, relieve him, and free him from all worldly concerns, that he may the better attend to prayer, and the ministry of the word. These, whether one or the other, are so called, in allusion to the priests and Levites, who were "helps", or assistants to the high priest, in the burning of the red heifer, and in other things (h): governments; some by these understand the same with pastors and elders, who have the rule and government of the church; others lay elders, a sort of ruling elders in the church, as distinct from pastors. Dr. Lightfoot thinks such are intended, who had the gift of discerning spirits. I rather think with De Dieu, that the word designs counsellors; see the Septuagint in Pro 11:14 and here intends such as are men of wisdom and prudence, who are very proper persons to be consulted and advised with, by the pastor, elder, or overseer, in matters of moment and importance in the church: diversities of tongues; such as have the gift of speaking with divers tongues; or of interpreting them, or both. The Vulgate Latin version and some copies add, "interpretations of tongues". (h) Misn. Middot, c. 1. sect. 3. & Parah, c. 3. sect. 6.
Tyndale Open Study Notes
12:28-31 Paul lists some of the different individual roles given to people in the church (see also the list in 12:8-10; cp. Rom 12:6-8; Eph 4:11). 12:28 Apostles are specially commissioned emissaries of Christ in the world (see also Eph 4:11). • Prophets speak a word from God (see 12:10 and corresponding study note; Eph 4:11; cp. Acts 13:1-2). • Teachers instruct others in the faith (Rom 12:7; Eph 4:11; cp. Acts 13:1). • those who speak in unknown languages: See study note on 12:10.
1 Corinthians 12:28
The Greater Gifts
27Now you are the body of Christ, and each of you is a member of it.28And in the church God has appointed first of all apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then workers of miracles, and those with gifts of healing, helping, administration, and various tongues.29Are all apostles? Are all prophets? Are all teachers? Do all work miracles?
- Scripture
- Sermons
- Commentary
Knowing What to Do
By Vance Havner4.4K26:10RevivalDAN 12:4MAT 24:44LUK 1:17LUK 4:24ROM 14:171CO 12:28REV 2:20In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of understanding the overall purpose of God in history when discussing current events in the light of the Bible. He uses the story of Rip and the wrong George to illustrate how people often miss the mark when it comes to understanding God's plan. The preacher also highlights the futility of trying to create a kingdom of heaven out of unregenerate humanity and warns against the dangers of pursuing political projects without considering God's purpose. He concludes by discussing the promise of the Lord's return and the need for righteousness, as well as the potential consequences of ignoring God's warnings and living in moral decay.
The Spirit at Work
By Alan Redpath3.6K35:28God's WorkJHN 15:5ROM 12:41CO 12:41CO 12:131CO 12:28In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of being still and silent in our hearts to hear the will of God. He highlights the gifts of the Spirit mentioned in 1 Corinthians 12:4-7, including the baptism of the Spirit and the various roles in the church such as apostles, prophets, and teachers. The speaker acknowledges that the charismatic movement is often associated only with speaking in tongues, but he argues that it is much broader and has made a significant impact on the evangelical church worldwide. He also cautions against envy of others' gifts, as all gifts are given by the Spirit of God.
(Through the Bible) 1 Corinthians 12
By Chuck Smith2.2K48:02Through The Bible1CO 12:28In this sermon, the speaker shares a personal experience of predicting a football play and relates it to the concept of the supernatural operating naturally. He emphasizes the importance of recognizing and embracing the oneness of the body of Christ, rather than focusing solely on personal benefits or specific segments of the church. The speaker also mentions the uncertainty of receiving an interim license for Channel 30 and expresses trust in God's word. Finally, he uses the analogy of the human body to illustrate the interconnectedness and shared suffering within the body of Christ.
Knowing Our Gift
By William MacDonald1.5K46:09Gifting1CO 12:28In this sermon, the speaker discusses the importance of understanding and using spiritual gifts in the context of a church assembly. He emphasizes the need for interpretation and understanding when someone speaks or prays in tongues, as it allows others to participate and say "amen" in agreement. The speaker also highlights the importance of discovering and using one's spiritual gifts effectively, suggesting that exposure to different forms of Christian service can help identify one's gift. He mentions that love and selflessness are crucial in exercising spiritual gifts, and references 1 Corinthians 13 as a reminder of the importance of love in all aspects of Christian service.
Balanced Theology and Christianity
By Roy Daniel9071:10:14BalanceEPH 4:11MAT 28:19JHN 15:261CO 12:281TH 4:3In this sermon, the speaker discusses the idea of Christians being unbalanced in their faith. He uses four volunteers to illustrate different ways in which people can be unbalanced. One volunteer, Brandon, is portrayed as someone who watches terrifying movies and justifies it under the idea of having liberty in faith. Another volunteer, Aaron, is shown to have a television but only watches "pretty good" programs, yet it still influences his life. The speaker also mentions the concept of the body of Christ and how some people can become unbalanced by focusing too much on it. The sermon emphasizes the importance of finding balance in our faith and not allowing certain aspects to consume us.
Filled With the Spirit and With Mercy
By Zac Poonen7241:03:41LUK 6:38JHN 3:3JHN 7:38ACT 2:4ROM 8:91CO 12:28PHP 2:25JAS 3:172PE 1:9This sermon emphasizes the importance of being filled with the Holy Spirit, starting from the foundation of being born again through the Holy Spirit. It delves into the distinction between being born of the Spirit and being filled with the Holy Spirit, highlighting the need for continuous spiritual growth and capacity expansion. The sermon stresses the significance of mercy, kindness, and forgiveness as key aspects of a Spirit-filled life, leading to personal healing and spiritual blessings. It encourages believers to be merciful, kind, and generous, reflecting God's mercy and love to others.
Holy Spirit 6
By William MacDonald67244:18Holy SpiritROM 12:61CO 12:71CO 12:281CO 12:31EPH 4:11In this sermon, the speaker discusses the concept of spiritual gifts and their importance in Christian life and service. He emphasizes the need to use these gifts in love and humility, rather than becoming proud or seeking personal gain. The speaker also mentions that different individuals may have different gifts, such as preaching or pastoral care, and that it is important for a local assembly to recognize and pray for these gifts. The sermon concludes by highlighting the significance of love in exercising spiritual gifts, as emphasized in 1 Corinthians 13.
The Ignatian Epistles Entirely Spurious - Part 4
By William Dool Killen0ACT 20:281CO 12:28EPH 4:111TI 3:1TIT 1:51PE 5:1William Dool Killen delves into 'The Testimony of Irenaeus and the Genesis of Prelacy,' examining the claims of the Epistles attributed to Ignatius and the development of Episcopacy in the early Christian Church. The evidence from Irenaeus and Polycarp's writings fails to support the authenticity of the Ignatian letters, leading to suspicions of forgery. Dr. Lightfoot's arguments for the early spread of Episcopacy in Asia Minor and Syria are challenged, highlighting the lack of solid foundation for such claims.
Gentle but Determined Restorers
By A.W. Tozer0ROM 1:11ROM 5:15ROM 6:23ROM 11:29ROM 12:61CO 1:71CO 12:41CO 12:91CO 12:281CO 12:31In this sermon, the preacher delves into the concept of 'charisma,' a Pauline word that signifies a gift of grace or a free gift, emphasizing that all spiritual gifts come from God and should not be a source of personal pride. The term 'charisma' is used to describe extraordinary powers given by God through the Holy Spirit to enable believers to serve the church and fulfill their roles in the body of Christ. The preacher highlights that every genuine Christian has received at least one spiritual gift from God, bestowed at the moment of conversion, to contribute to the community of faith and stimulate growth in Christian maturity.
The Chief Cornerstone
By G.W. North0The Role of Prophets in the ChurchThe Gift of ProphecyJER 1:5AMO 3:7ACT 2:171CO 12:281CO 14:1EPH 2:201TH 5:20HEB 1:12PE 1:21REV 19:10G.W. North emphasizes the significance of the gift of Prophecy within the Church, highlighting its esteemed position as second only to the apostles. He explains that the Church is built on the foundation of apostles and prophets, with Jesus Christ as the chief cornerstone. North points out that the title 'Prophet' is derived solely from the gift of Prophecy, underscoring its importance over other gifts. He illustrates this by referencing Elijah, who, despite performing miracles, was recognized primarily as a prophet. Ultimately, North encourages believers to seek the gift of Prophecy as the most valuable tool for communicating God's word.
2 Peter 2:10
By John Gill0Rebellion Against AuthorityConsequences of SinEXO 22:28PSA 73:81CO 12:282PE 2:10JUD 1:7John Gill expounds on 2 Peter 2:10, emphasizing the dangers of those who walk after the flesh, particularly in the context of immoral practices that defy both natural law and divine authority. He warns against the pride and rebellion of individuals who despise governance, whether it be familial, civil, or divine, leading to chaos and sin. Gill highlights the severity of judgment that awaits those who engage in such behaviors, noting their presumptuousness and self-willed nature, which leads them to speak against dignities and authorities. The sermon serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of rejecting God's order and the moral decay that follows.
The Gift of Governments
By Chuck Smith0Gifts of GovernmentGodly LeadershipISA 9:61CO 12:28Chuck Smith emphasizes the divine order of government within the church, highlighting that God has appointed leaders with specific gifts to promote the common welfare and uphold justice. He reflects on the monarchy as the highest form of government, with Jesus as the ultimate King, and stresses the importance of leaders being governed by God to avoid corruption. Smith warns against the dangers of misrepresentation of God by leaders and encourages the congregation to recognize their unique gifts for the glory of God. He concludes by affirming the need for godly leadership that serves the people, ensuring that the church remains aligned with God's will.
That Which Is Perfect
By G.W. North0Spiritual GiftsThe Church and the BibleMAT 28:20JHN 14:12ACT 2:17ROM 12:61CO 1:71CO 12:281CO 13:10EPH 4:111TH 5:19HEB 2:4G.W. North emphasizes that the completion of the Bible does not signify the withdrawal of spiritual gifts from the Church, arguing against the misconception that the Bible is 'that which is perfect' mentioned in 1 Corinthians 13:10. He points out that the Bible is incomplete and that the gifts of the Spirit are essential for the Church until the second coming of Christ. North asserts that the Church, as the Body of Christ, retains its spiritual gifts and abilities, and that these gifts are vital for its function and growth. He warns against branding contemporary operations of these gifts as false, which could verge on blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. Ultimately, he concludes that while the Bible serves God's purposes, the Church transcends it and will endure eternally, even after the cessation of temporary gifts.
The Gift of Teaching
By Chuck Smith0Spiritual GrowthThe Importance of TeachingEXO 4:12HOS 4:6JHN 14:26ACT 4:8ROM 12:71CO 12:28EPH 4:112TI 1:112TI 3:16Chuck Smith emphasizes the vital role of the gift of teaching within the church, as outlined by Paul in various scriptures. He highlights that true teaching is empowered by the Holy Spirit, enabling teachers to convey God's truth effectively. Smith reflects on the importance of spiritual maturity and the necessity of sound biblical teaching to prevent spiritual stagnation, drawing parallels with the early church's challenges. He encourages teachers to rely on the Holy Spirit for guidance and to commit to teaching others, fostering a cycle of spiritual growth. Ultimately, he calls for a return to foundational biblical teaching to equip believers for their faith journey.
The Work and the Churches
By Watchman Nee0Local Church GovernanceApostolic MinistryACT 28:301CO 12:28Watchman Nee emphasizes the distinction between the work of apostles and the local churches, asserting that the apostolic ministry is foundational to the establishment of churches, but the two should not interfere with each other. He explains that while apostles are responsible for the work of spreading the gospel and founding churches, local churches are to be managed by elders who oversee the spiritual needs of their community. Nee warns against the confusion that arises when the responsibilities of the church and the work are mixed, leading to sectarianism and a loss of the local character of the church. He stresses that the ultimate goal of all apostolic work is to build up local churches, not to create separate entities or organizations. The sermon calls for clarity in understanding one's role, whether as an elder or an apostle, to ensure the health and growth of the church.
Honour the Deacons
By Ignatius of Antioch01CO 12:28EPH 4:11HEB 13:171PE 5:2Ignatius of Antioch emphasizes the reverence and respect that should be given to bishops, who represent Christ Jesus, and presbyters, who are like the assembly of the apostles of Christ. He highlights the importance of the elect Church, congregation of holy ones, and assembly of saints being led by these appointed leaders. Ignatius expresses gratitude for the love shown through the bishop and urges gentleness in his communication, striving for perfection in Christ. He humbly acknowledges his own imperfections and the need for growth in Christ-likeness.
God Hath Set Some in the Church . . . Helps
By A.B. Simpson0EncouragementServiceMAT 25:40ROM 12:101CO 12:282CO 9:7GAL 6:2EPH 4:16PHP 2:4COL 3:231TH 5:11HEB 10:24A.B. Simpson emphasizes the vital role of 'helps' in the church, highlighting that these acts of service and encouragement often precede more visible leadership roles. He encourages believers to engage in various forms of support, such as prayer, giving, and offering words of cheer, drawing inspiration from the examples of Aquila and Priscilla. Simpson reminds the congregation that every act of help contributes to the greater work of the church and that those who assist will be rewarded in due time. He challenges listeners to reflect on how they can support their pastors, family, and fellow workers, reinforcing the idea that every contribution matters in the body of Christ. Ultimately, he calls for a spirit of joyful service, assuring that those who help will share in the joy of the harvest.
The Ministerial Office
By John Wesley0Ministerial OfficeDistinction of Roles1SA 19:18MAT 28:19ACT 20:28ROM 12:61CO 12:28EPH 4:112TI 4:2HEB 5:4JAS 5:141PE 2:9John Wesley discusses the distinction between the ministerial offices of preaching and priesthood, emphasizing that while all are called to preach the gospel, not all are called to administer sacraments. He argues that the roles of prophets and priests in the Old Testament differ from those in the New Testament, and that the early Methodists were called to provoke the established church rather than separate from it. Wesley stresses the importance of remaining within the Church of England while fulfilling their mission to spread the gospel, and he encourages preachers to focus on their calling without overstepping into priestly duties.
Day 59, 1 Thessalonians 2
By David Servant0LUK 21:20ACT 9:201CO 12:28GAL 1:211TH 2:162TH 2:42TI 3:12David Servant preaches about Paul's journey from being tested and approved by God to being entrusted with the gospel, emphasizing the importance of being found faithful in ministry. Paul, Timothy, and Silvanus were tested by God to ensure their motives were pure, motivated by love for God and humanity. Despite facing persecution and suffering, Paul and his companions demonstrated genuine love and care for the believers in Thessalonica, serving them as a nursing mother and a father would their own children. Paul also forewarned about the wrath that would come upon the Jews in Judea, highlighting the fulfillment of Jesus' prophecy about the desolation of Jerusalem.
His Call to Evangelistic Work
By Martin Knapp0MAT 28:19MRK 16:15ACT 8:4ROM 10:141CO 9:221CO 12:28EPH 4:111TH 1:52TI 4:22TI 4:5Martin Knapp preaches about the importance and duties of an evangelist, highlighting the unique calling and responsibilities of spreading the gospel and leading revivals. The sermon delves into the scriptural authority for the office of evangelists, emphasizing their role in the early church and their position below apostles and prophets but above pastors and teachers. It discusses the challenges faced by evangelists, the need for proper recognition and utilization of their gifts, and the divine calling and significance of their work in the church.
d.p. Williams
By Keith Malcomson0ACT 2:41CO 12:28EPH 4:111TH 5:191PE 4:10Keith Malcomson shares the inspiring story of Daniel Powell Williams, a coal miner from Wales who encountered a powerful revival in 1904, leading to his deep dedication to God. Williams experienced a life-changing encounter with the Holy Spirit in 1909, receiving the baptism and speaking in tongues, which propelled him into leadership within the Pentecostal movement. Embracing the prophetic and apostolic ministry, Williams played a significant role in the establishment and spread of the Apostolic Church, emphasizing the restoration of these offices in the church. Despite challenges and splits, Williams remained steadfast in his faith, spreading the message of conversion, spiritual empowerment, and healing across nations until his peaceful passing in 1947.
The Apostles
By Watchman Nee0ApostleshipDivine CommissionLUK 22:30ACT 1:26ACT 13:2ROM 16:71CO 12:281CO 15:52CO 12:11EPH 4:11COL 1:11HEB 3:1Watchman Nee emphasizes that God is a God of works, who sends His servants, particularly the apostles, to fulfill His divine purpose. He explains that Jesus Christ is the first Apostle, sent by God, and that the twelve apostles were chosen from His disciples to continue His work after His departure. Nee highlights the distinction between the original apostles and those appointed by the Holy Spirit after Christ's ascension, asserting that all apostles are sent ones, commissioned by God, and that their authority is validated by the fruits of their labor. He also notes that apostleship is not based on personal gifts but on divine commission, and he acknowledges the presence of women among the apostles, citing Junia as a notable example.
Catena patrum.—no. I. Testimony of Writers in the Later English Church to the Doctrine of the Apostolical Succession
By J.H. Newman0MAT 28:18JHN 20:22ACT 1:81CO 12:28EPH 4:11J.H. Newman preaches about the Apostolic succession, emphasizing the importance of the visible Church founded by Christ, with spiritual privileges passed down through successive ordinations from the Apostles. The doctrine of Apostolic succession is challenged by those who oppose the clear lineage of ministers and rulers in the Church, ordained by Christ Himself. The authority to teach, baptize, and administer sacraments, as well as to ordain pastors and elders, is seen as essential for the continuity and governance of the Church, ensuring the perpetuation of the Apostolic function and charge.
Leadership and Ministry (Judges 5:2)
By T. Austin-Sparks0LeadershipDivine OrderEXO 17:9DEU 33:16JDG 5:2MAT 20:26ROM 12:81CO 12:28EPH 4:111TH 2:7HEB 13:171PE 5:2T. Austin-Sparks emphasizes the critical role of leadership in both spiritual and practical realms, asserting that effective leadership is essential for overcoming challenges and guiding communities towards their divine purpose. He highlights that true leaders are chosen by God, not merely by human qualifications, and they often face significant opposition and personal struggles. The sermon draws on biblical examples, particularly Moses and Joshua, to illustrate the qualities of spiritual leadership, including humility, courage, and a deep connection with God. Sparks also discusses the importance of inspiration in leadership, as exemplified by Deborah, who, despite being a woman in a traditionally male role, inspired others through her prophetic insight and maternal concern for her people. Ultimately, the message calls for recognizing and embracing the divine order of leadership within the Church.
Paul, an Apostle, (Not of Men, etc.)
By Martin Luther0ACT 1:24ROM 1:11CO 12:28GAL 1:11TI 5:22Martin Luther emphasizes the importance of a divine call to the ministry, distinguishing between those called by men, by man, and directly by Jesus Christ like the apostles. He highlights the necessity for ministers to be properly called by God to ensure their work is blessed and edifying. Luther stresses the opposition and challenges that come with a divine call, serving as a means of fortification against the attacks of the devil and the world.
- Adam Clarke
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
- John Gill
- Tyndale
Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
God hath set some in the Church - As God has made evident distinctions among the members of the human body, so that some occupy a more eminent place than others, so has he in the Church. And to prove this, the apostle numerates the principal offices, and in the order in which they should stand. First, apostles - Αποστολους, from απο from, and στελλο, I send; to send from one person to another, and from one place to another. Persons immediately designated by Christ, and sent by him to preach the Gospel to all mankind. Secondarily, prophets - Προφητας, from προ, before, and φημι, I speak; a person who, under Divine inspiration, predicts future events; but the word is often applied to these who preach the Gospel. See on Co1 12:8 (note). Thirdly, teachers - Διδασκαλους, from διδασκω, I teach; persons whose chief business it was to instruct the people in the elements of the Christian religion, and their duty to each other. See on Rom 8:8 (note). Miracles - Δυναμεις· Persons endued with miraculous gifts, such as those mentioned Mar 16:17, Mar 16:18; casting out devils, speaking with new tongues, etc. See on Co1 12:8 (note), and at the end of the chapter, (Co1 12:31 (note)) Gifts of healings - Χαρισματα ιαματων· Such as laying hands upon the sick, and healing them, Mar 16:18; which, as being one of the most beneficent miraculous powers, was most frequently conceded. See on Co1 12:8 (note). Helps - Αντιληψεις. Dr. Lightfoot conjectures that these were the apostles' helpers; persons who accompanied them, baptized those who were converted by them, and were sent by them to such places as they could not attend to, being otherwise employed. The Levites are termed by the Talmudists helps of the priests. The word occurs Luk 1:54; Rom 8:26. Governments - Κυβερνησεις. Dr. Lightfoot contends that this word does not refer to the power of ruling, but to the case of a person endued with a deep and comprehensive mind, who is profoundly wise and prudent; and he thinks that it implies the same as discernment of spirits, Co1 12:8 (note). He has given several proofs of this use of the word in the Septuagint. Diversities of tongues - Γενη γλωσσων· Kinds of tongues; that is, different kinds. The power to speak, on all necessary occasions, languages which they had not learned. See on Co1 12:8 (note).
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
set . . . in the church--as He has "set the members . . . in the body" (Co1 12:18). first apostles--above even the prophets. Not merely the Twelve, but others are so called, for example, Barnabas, &c. (Rom 16:7). teachers--who taught, for the most part, truths already revealed; whereas the prophets made new revelations and spoke all their prophesyings under the Spirit's influence. As the teachers had the "word of knowledge," so the prophets "the word of wisdom" (Co1 12:8). Under "teachers" are included "evangelists and pastors." miracles--literally, "powers" (Co1 12:10): ranked below "teachers," as the function of teaching is more edifying, though less dazzling than working miracles. helps, governments--lower and higher departments of "ministrations" (Co1 12:5); as instances of the former, deacons whose office it was to help in the relief of the poor, and in baptizing and preaching, subordinate to higher ministers (Act 6:1-10; Act 8:5-17); also, others who helped with their time and means, in the Lord's cause (compare Co1 13:13; Num 11:17). The Americans similarly use "helps" for "helpers." And, as instances of the latter, presbyters, or bishops, whose office it was to govern the Church (Ti1 5:17; Heb 13:17, Heb 13:24). These officers, though now ordinary and permanent, were originally specially endowed with the Spirit for their office, whence they are here classified with other functions of an inspired character. Government (literally, "guiding the helm" of affairs), as being occupied with external things, notwithstanding the outward status it gives, is ranked by the Spirit with the lower functions. Compare "He that giveth" (answering to "helps")--"he that ruleth" (answering to "governments") (Rom 12:8). Translate, literally, "Helpings, governings" [ALFORD]. diversities of tongues-- (Co1 12:10). "Divers kinds of tongues."
John Gill Bible Commentary
And God hath set some in the church,.... As before the apostle gives an account of the various different gifts of the Spirit, qualifying men for service in the church of Christ, here he enumerates the several offices and officers: first apostles; as were the twelve disciples, and Paul the apostle; men that were immediately sent by Christ himself, and had their commission and doctrine directly from him; and a power of working miracles, to confirm the truth of their mission and ministry; they were sent into all the world to preach the Gospel, to plant churches everywhere, and to ordain officers in them; they were not confined to any particular church, but had power and authority in all the churches, to preach the word, administer ordinances, advise, counsel, direct, reprove, and censure: secondarily, prophets; who either had the gift of foretelling things to come, as Agabus and others; or who had a peculiar gift, by divine revelation, of explaining the prophecies of the sacred writings, and of preaching the Gospel: thirdly, teachers; the same with pastors, elders, and overseers; the ordinary ministers of the word, who have a gift of expounding the Scriptures; not by extraordinary revelation, but by the ordinary gift of the Spirit, in the use of means, as reading, meditation, and prayer; and whose work is to preach the word, administer ordinances, feed and govern particular churches, over whom they are set: after that miracles; which is to be understood, not of some persons, as distinct from apostles, prophets, and teachers, who also had the power of working miracles; but from persons and officers in the church, the principal of which the apostle had mentioned, he passes to things, which belonged at least to some of them; unless it can be thought that there were in those times private Christians, who were neither apostles nor prophets, nor teachers, and yet had a power of doing miracles: then gifts of healing; the sick, by anointing them with oil, which was only one species of doing miracles; and which was sometimes performed, not only by apostles, and such like extraordinary persons, but by the common elders and ordinary officers of the church: helps: meaning either the ministers of the word in common, who are helpers of the faith and joy of the saints, and are means of increasing their knowledge and spiritual experience, and of establishing them in the truth; see Act 18:27 or else such evangelists and ministers of the word as were assistants to the apostles, such as Mark, and Timothy, and Titus; or rather the deacons of churches, whose business it is to take care of tables; the Lord's table, the minister's, and the poor's, and all the secular affairs of the church; and so are helps to the minister, relieve him, and free him from all worldly concerns, that he may the better attend to prayer, and the ministry of the word. These, whether one or the other, are so called, in allusion to the priests and Levites, who were "helps", or assistants to the high priest, in the burning of the red heifer, and in other things (h): governments; some by these understand the same with pastors and elders, who have the rule and government of the church; others lay elders, a sort of ruling elders in the church, as distinct from pastors. Dr. Lightfoot thinks such are intended, who had the gift of discerning spirits. I rather think with De Dieu, that the word designs counsellors; see the Septuagint in Pro 11:14 and here intends such as are men of wisdom and prudence, who are very proper persons to be consulted and advised with, by the pastor, elder, or overseer, in matters of moment and importance in the church: diversities of tongues; such as have the gift of speaking with divers tongues; or of interpreting them, or both. The Vulgate Latin version and some copies add, "interpretations of tongues". (h) Misn. Middot, c. 1. sect. 3. & Parah, c. 3. sect. 6.
Tyndale Open Study Notes
12:28-31 Paul lists some of the different individual roles given to people in the church (see also the list in 12:8-10; cp. Rom 12:6-8; Eph 4:11). 12:28 Apostles are specially commissioned emissaries of Christ in the world (see also Eph 4:11). • Prophets speak a word from God (see 12:10 and corresponding study note; Eph 4:11; cp. Acts 13:1-2). • Teachers instruct others in the faith (Rom 12:7; Eph 4:11; cp. Acts 13:1). • those who speak in unknown languages: See study note on 12:10.