Zechariah 9

John Waddey Commentary On Zechariah 9 CHAPTER IX A Prophetic History of the Kingdom of God and the Enemies Thereof(Zechariah 9:1-14)This section consists of predictions of judgement on the enemies of the Hebrews. He presents them as “ the burden of Jehovah” on the enemies of Judah and Himself (Zechariah 9:1-11 Zechariah 9:17). Jehovah will smite Judah’ s neighbors who have harassed her (Zechariah 9:1-8).

“ The burden of the word of Jehovah upon the land of Hadrach, and Damascus shall be its resting-place (for the eye of man and of all the tribes of Israel is toward Jehovah); and Hamath, also, which bordereth thereon; Tyre and Sidon, because they are very wise. And Tyre did build herself a stronghold, and heaped up silver as the dust, and fine gold as the mire of the streets. Behold the Lord will dispossess her, and he will smite her power in the sea; and she shall be devoured with fire.”

“ The burden of the word of Jehovah upon…” (Zechariah 9:1). “ Burden” is frequently used by the prophets to describe messages of judgment. “ It means to lift up the voice in proclamation…denouncing the sins of a people by pronouncing on them…a heavy judgment” (Homer Hailey). Judgments are pronounced against Syria, Phoenicia and Philistia, all perennial enemies of Judah. These likely stand representatively for all of her enemies.

Hadrach, Damascus and Hamath were cities of Syria, Israel’ s northern neighbors. Hadrach is only mentioned here in Scripture and for a long time was unidentified. It is more generally identified with the ancient city of Hatarikka. We are sure of Damascus and Hamath and can thus safely assume, Hadrach to be a sister city to them. God’ s burden of judgment will rest upon Syria.

“ The eye of man and of all the tribes of Israel is towards Jehovah” (9:1b). In the Hebrew, these words susceptible of two meanings:

1. As in the ASV, men of all nations will look with amazement at Jehovah’ s judgments upon his enemies.
2. As rendered in the Amplified Bible, “ for the Lord has an eye upon mankind and upon all the tribes of Israel” which implies his providential oversight and judgment of the nations. The first seems to the author the most plausible here. Judgments will come on Tyre and Sidon and the Phoenician nation (Zechariah 9:2-4). Three reasons are cited for Phoenicia’ s punishment:

They were very wise (i.e. they thought themselves to be very wise) (See Ezekiel 28:3); Tyre had built herself a stronghold (i.e. military defenses on her island that were considered impregnable); She had heaped up silver as dust and gold as the mire of the streets. The promise is that God would dispossess her, smite her power in the sea; and devour her with fire. The judgments pronounced against Syria were such as could be identified with several different calamities that accrued over the years, but those relating to Tyre and Sidon put the whole prophecy into focus. It refers to the conquest of Alexander the Great and his powerful Grecian army. Having shattered the Persian army at Issus, in 332 Alexander marched his troops into Syria. A detachment was dispatched to Damascus which opened her gates and surrendered. The larger body of troops moved into Phoenicia and took Sidon by surrender.

Tyre was set to resist. Situated on an island, a half mile off shore, she thought she could withstand Alexander’ s assault. Heavy stone walls, standing 150 feet, surrounded the entire island (some 2Vi miles). A second massive wall was built within. Every kind of military war equipment was on hand and ready for use. Her great navy of 150 ships could easily supply her every need.

Already, she had withstood a five year siege by the Shalmaneser and the Assyrians; and a thirteen year siege by Nebuchadnezzar and his Babylonians. The Tyrians mocked Alexander when he demanded their surrender. A contemporary recorded that Alexander responded, “ ye despise this land army through confidence in the place that ye dwell in is an island, but 1 will show you that ye dwell on a continent.” (As quoted in David Baron).

In the face of incredible hardships Alexander’ s men laid a mole across the channel that enabled them to siege the island fortress. Within seven months Tyre fell. The conqueror ordered 2,000 of her defenders crucified. Another 6,000-8,000 more were massacred. The rest were sold into slavery. The city was then destroyed by fire (Pusey). Prophetic, references to Tyre are amongthe most detailed and of all their fulfillment, the best documented. Students would do well to consider Isaiah 23; Ezekiel 26:27-28 and Amos 1:9-10 for other prophecies relating to her.

“ Askhkelon shall see it, and fear; Gaza also, and shall be sore pained; and Ekron, for her expectation shall be put to shame; and the king shall perish from Gaza, and Ashkelon shall not be inhabited. And a bastard shall dwell in Ashdod, and I will cut off the pride of the Philistines” (Zechariah 9:5­-. Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron and Ashdod were principal cities of Philistine (Zechariah 9:5-6). They too would fall to Alexander, only Gaza resisted the Grecians. After five months she fell and ten thousand of her people were slain, the rest were sold into slavery. Batis, her king, was tied to a chariot and dragged through the city till dead. “ And a bastard (race) shall dwell in Ashdod” (Zechariah 9:6), i.e., a mixed or ignoble race would inhabit the town (Perowne). “ And I will take away his blood out of his mouth, and his abominations from between his teeth; and he also shall be a remnant for our God; and he shall be as a chieftain in Judah and Ekron as a Jebusite” (9:7). The blood and abominations refer to the idolatrous sacrifices of the Philistines. Pagans, often ate the flesh unbled or drank the blood (Psalms 16:4). The Lord prohibited his people from this practice (Leviticus 17:10-13). See Acts 15:20 where the prohibition is renewed in our Christian age. When their idolatrous practices are taken away, the Philistines will also be “ a remnant for our God.” There is no historical record of the Philistines turning to the Mosaic system.

As a distinct nation they had ceased to exist by New Testament times. Thus the prediction of their turning found its fulfillment when, they with others embraced Messiah and entered his kingdom.

“ He shall be as a chieftain in Judah,” i.e., in Messiah’ s kingdom. The descendants of the despised Philistines can fill the highest offices because they will have become Abraham’ s children by faith (Galatians 3:27-29).

“ Ekron, (shall be) as a Jebusite.” Jebusites were the original inhabitants of Jerusalem. Some of them became respected citizens of God’ s nation (See 2 Samuel 24:18-24). As used by Zechariah, he means they will become God’ s people like those who were citizens of Jerusalem (formerly Jebus). In years to come the Philistines who survived would become worshipers of Jehovah, the God of the Hebrews. Other enemies of Israel were destined to be exterminated, but the Philistines would be absorbed.

“ And I will encamp about my house against the army, that none pass through or return; and no oppressor shall pass through them anymore; for now I have seen with mine eyes” (Zechariah 9:8). While Israel’ s enemies will be crushed by the Grecians, Jehovah will encamp around his house (i.e. his temple) and protect it from the invading army. This alludes to what God had done to protect Elisha and his servant (See 2 Kings 6:14-17). The record of God’ s providential protection of Jerusalem is preserved by Josephus. “ Having taken Gaza, Alexander hastened to Jerusalem, intending to punish them for their loyalty to Persia. Jaddua the high priest, after sacrificing and prayer, opened the gates and led a multitudes of priests and citizens out to meet the conqueror. The multitudes were dressed in white, the high priest in his official robes and miter.

When the high priest approached Alexander the mighty king bowed before him. When his general, Parmenis, asked Alexander the meaning of this, he responded that it was not Jaddua, but “ the God whose High Priest he is I worship.” He related that long before, he had seen such a man in a dream urging him to boldly move against the Persians. The crowds were astounded. Alexander went into the city and offered sacrifices at the temple, as the priest directed. He was shown Daniel’ s prophecies of his coming and rejoiced therein. He asked what favors they would ask of him and freely granted that they could observe their sacred laws and pay no tribute in the Sabbath year (Josephus’ Antiquities of the Jews XI, Zechariah 8:3-5).

“For now have I seen with mine eyes” (Zechariah 9:8 c). God assures his people that he is aware of their circumstances and will be there to protect them (See Psalms 119:153; Isaiah 63:15).

The messianic king will come in a most unusual way (Zechariah 9:9-10). “..thy king cometh unto thee; he is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon an ass even upon a colt the foal of an ass” (Zechariah 9:9). Having shown how God would save his people from Alexander without weapons of war, he then looks far into the future and predicts that Messiah would come as a king of peace. His reign would be one of justice, unlike most Oriental kings. Justice is an essential attribute of the righteous God (See Isaiah 45:21).

“ Having salvation.” The rendering of this phase has prompted a wide range of discussion. Keil, explains that it means “ endowed with salvation, help from God… or furnished with the assistance of God requisite for carrying on His government.” Laetsch understands it to mean, “ being saved, unfailingly delivered,” that is, his victory over Satan and death is already established. Pusey takes it to mean that he obtained salvation to impart it to all his people. The RSV renders it 44triumphant and victorious is he.” Given the New Testament record of Messiah’ s coming, it seems best to understand it to mean, He came to save the lost. That, he declared to be his mission (Luke 19:10).

His coming would be markedly different from that of all other kings. While they would come on their war horses, having crushed their enemies, he would come, “ lowly and riding upon …the foal of an ass.” His lowly manner of coming is illustrated by his riding on the ass. In addition, he is set in contrast to the military kings of the world who came on horses or in chariots drawn thereby. The ass was a beast of burden. It was used by women and farmers. To appear on an ass meant anything but war.

That this symbolized the peaceable nature of his kingdom is amplified by vs. 10 that speaks of the destruction of the implements of war and that “ he shall speak peace unto the nations.” The fulfillment of this marvelous prophecy is recorded in Mark 11:1-10 and Matthew 21:1-11 There we are told that the foal on which he road had never been ridden. This suggests two things:

1. That the unbroken creature recognized his Creator and submitted to him. Remember, all things were made through and by our Lord (John 1:3).
2. That it is proper that the Son of God not ride upon an animal that had been used for common purposes. (Compare 1 Chronicles 13:7). When Jesus thus appeared, it taught a powerful lesson to the Jews. His kingdom was not of this world (John 18:36). He was not to be a warrior king like David, but a prince of peace (Is. 9:6). Unable to grasp the meaning, the Jewish mob shouted “ Hosanna” i.e., save us now from the Romans.

Messiah’ s dominion would be “ from sea to sea, and from the River (Euphrates) to the ends of the earth” (Zechariah 9:10), i.e. it would be universal, in contrast to David’ s kingdom and the Jewish state of Zechariah’ s day.

Verses Zechariah 9:11-17 promise that the Lord will save his people from their Grecian enemies. Looking beyond the days when Alexander would treat the Hebrews favorably, he sees the dark and painful days of oppression that would be imposed by Alexander’ s successors the Seleucidae of Syria. To the Hebrews he says, “ because of the blood of thy covenant I have set free thy prisoners from the pit wherein is no water” (Zechariah 9:11). Blood sanctified and ratified the covenant made at Sinai (Exodus 24:5-8). It was not because of their merit, but because of God’ s grace that they were delivered. Setting the prisoners free likely refers to their recent delivery from Babylonian captivity.

Their situation was as hopeless as a prisoner cast into a pit or cistern. On their own strength, they could never have escaped. Such punishment seemed to be common in those days (See Genesis 37:24 and Jeremiah 38:6)

“ Turn ye to the stronghold, ye prisoners of hope…” (Zechariah 9:12 a) is spoken to Hebrews yet living in distant lands of captivity. They are encouraged to join their brothers who have returned and are rebuilding the nation. This “ stronghold” probably refers to Jerusalem their principal city, which in olden days was a stronghold and would later be rebuilt as such (See 2 Samuel 5:7). “ The prisoners of hope” were those Hebrews yet in captivity, who now have a basis for hope. They are free to return home. They yet loved the Lord and hoped in his promises. “ …1 declare that I will render double unto thee” (Zechariah 9:12). God had rendered them a double portion of judgment for their sins (Is. 40:2).

Now he would give her a double portion of blessings (Compare Job 42:10). The expression “ double” is not to be taken literally, but as “ more than adequate.”

“ For I have bent Judah for me, I have filled the bow with Ephraim; and I will stir up thy sons, O Zion, against thy sons, O Greece, and will make thee as the sword of a mighty man” (Zechariah 9:13). He now looks into the distant future when the Hebrews would be faced with extermination at the hands of the Grecian ruler of Syria. Alexander not only wished to conquer and rule the world, he was dedicated to transplanting Grecian culture, language and religion in every nation. Upon Alexander’ s early death, his kingdom was divided between his generals. War broke out between them for dominance. In the end, four great empires emerged from the ruins of Alexander’ s kingdom.

Two are of particular interest to our present study. Seleucus I took Syria and Ptolemy I took Egypt. Israel was the battle ground on which their contending dynasties fought.

Antiochus Ephiphanes of Syria (175-164 B.C.) made it as his goal to destroy the Jewish culture and religion and make all of them Hellenists. He profaned the temple and set up in its courts an image to Zeus. He ordered their scriptures destroyed, forbade circumcision and imposed severe penalties on all who sought to remain loyal to Jehovah. To deliver his people from this seemingly hopeless situation, God raised up Judas Maccabee and his brothers. Against incredible odds they defeated the Grecians and drove them out. The temple was purified and worship restored.

“ And Jehovah shall be seen over them; and his arrow shall go forth as the lightning; and the Lord Jehovah will blow the trumpet, and will go with whirlwinds of the south. Jehovah of hosts will defend them; and they shall devour, and shall tread down the sling-stones; and they shall drink, and make a noise as through wine; and they shall be filled like bowls, like the corners of the altar” (Zechariah 9:14-15). In vivid poetic imagery, Zechariah depicts Jehovah as a mighty warrior entering the battle on behalf of his people. Judah is likened to his bow and Ephraim his arrow, the sons of Zion as the sword in his hand. Here we see Ephraim (principle tribe of the North) and Judah as one in God’ s hands. No longer were they a divided nation as before the exile.

Continuing the military metaphor, God’ s arrows are as destructive as lightning bolts (Psalms 45:5). His troops are as irresistible as whirlwinds or tornados. “ Jehovah of hosts” describes God as leader of the armies of heaven (Compare Revelation 19:11-16). God is seen over them, i.e., coming down from his heavenly abode to lead them, to shield and deliver them (Psalms 24:8). The prophet hears the Lord’ s trumpet sound and sees Israel’ s troops rush forward to victory (Zechariah 14-15). The Hebrews will “ devour” their enemies like a lion does his prey. The sling stones of their enemies will fall harmlessly at their feet and they shall walk over them because God is their shield. God’ s troops will shout in victory like men happy with wine. The blood of their Grecian enemies would be shed abundantly like that at the sacrificial altar. The bowls of the altar were used to gather the blood which was then sprinkled (Compare Leviticus 4:18 Leviticus 4:30).

“ And Jehovah their God will save them in that day as the flock of his people; for they shall be as the stones of a crown, lifted on high over his land” (Zechariah 9:16). As in ancient times, Jehovah will save his people and “ they shall be as the stones of a crown, lifted on high over his land” (Zechariah 9:16). While their enemies will be defeated and driven out in shame, God’ s people will be exalted and shine in glory as the precious stones of a king’ s crown (See Zephaniah 3:19-20).

“ For how great is his goodness, and how great is his beauty! Grain shall make the young men flourish, and new wine the virgins” (Zechariah 9:17). While usually applied to God, the context and the footnotes suggest that it is Israel’ s goodness and beauty that he sees shining like the precious stones of a king’ s crown. (See Keil). Not only will they have victory over their enemies, they will have abundance and prosperity. Grain and new wine stand representative for prosperity. “ Virgins” is paralleled to young men and in context means simply young women (See Amos 8:13). Zechariah Chapter Nine Verse 1 Whereas the first eight chapters featured the concerns relative to the building of the physical temple, without at all leaving out of sight the far more important matter of the ultimate building of the true temple, the church or kingdom of Christ, at this point in Zechariah, the emphasis shifts almost totally to the true temple to be set up at the first Advent of the Messiah. The overwhelming importance of this section of Zechariah is attested by the repeated references to it throughout the New Testament; and we believe that the only true understanding of the prophecy must be related to those New Testament usages of it. We agree with Hailey that, “It seems wise to build one’s interpretation of these chapters around the passages that are quoted by Jesus and the New Testament writers."[1]In passing, we should be conscious of the fact that scholars generally place these chapters (Zechariah 9-14) at a later period in the prophet’s life; and the destructive critics have employed every device possible in their efforts to deny the unity and integrity of them. Multiple authorships, late dating, early dating, endless and unnecessary emendations, deletions, omissions, rearrangements, substitutions of their own words for the Word of God, etc. etc., until, at last, there remains nothing but a scissors and paste production authored recently and bearing little if any resemblance to the sacred text which has survived more than twenty-five centuries-these are but a few of the devices employed against these chapters. With reference to all such intellectual doodlings with the Word of God, we categorically reject them as worthless. We are indebted to Robert C. Dentan, himself a liberal scholar, for his frank admission of what all such criticisms actually are: “It is only fair to the general reader to state that any decision relative either to unity of authorship or date … is based upon subjective considerations."[2]And what are “subjective considerations”? They are imaginative dreams, guesses, intuitions and suppositions, unsupported by any hard evidence of any kind. We pray that we may not seem presumptuous when we affirm that our guesses are as good as theirs; and that says nothing of the a priori intention of destroying the credibility of Sacred Scriptures which often lies behind some of the guesses. NEW LIGHT ON Zechariah 9Zechariah 9:1-7. Alexander the Great provided the fulfillment of the prophecy here regarding those Palestinian nations which were traditional enemies of God’s people. It was this great world ruler who made the Greek language the official vehicle of communication for the whole ancient world. Because of this, the New Testament was written in Greek. The providence of God is surely seen in this. Significantly, Alexander himself claimed that by means of a dream the God of the Jews had commanded him to launch his world conquest. (See Josephus, Ant. XI, 8:3.) The relationship of these verses to the Messianic kingdom is therefore quite pronounced. Zechariah 9:8. In this, an exemption is promised for “my house,” meaning God’s people; and it came to pass when Alexander bowed himself down before the High Priest in Jerusalem and bestowed many favors upon Jerusalem. Zechariah 9:9-10. Without exception, the four Gospels presented this as a prophecy of the Triumphal Entry of Jesus Christ into the city of Jerusalem on Sunday of the Passion week. The cutting off of the chariot, the battle bow, and the horse were prophecies of the rejection by Christ’s church of the instruments of warfare as a means of advancing the truth. The mention of both Ephraim and Jerusalem indicated the unity of all Israel “in Christ.” There is no indication in this that God would restore the destroyed kingdom of Ephraim. Zechariah 9:11. The mention of the “blood of the covenant” as the basis of setting free the prisoners is without any doubt a reference to “the blood of the New Covenant” (Matthew 26:28), the setting free of the prisoners being certainly the forgiveness of sinners’ sins (Luke 4:18). In this context, it must be remembered that Jesus never got anybody out of jail, not even his cousin, John the Baptist; and forgiveness was not a feature of the old covenant. Zechariah 9:12. “Prisoners of hope” has reference to those who patiently waited for the kingdom of God. Paul spoke of himself in this terminology, “Hope of Israel, for which I am bound with this chain” (Acts 28:20); and in Galatians 3:23, he wrote: Before faith came, we were kept in ward under the law (that is, prisoners), shut up unto the faith which should afterward be revealed. This is exactly the metaphor Zechariah used in Zechariah 9:12; and, although Paul did not quote this passage, he was surely familiar with it. Zechariah 9:13. The bow, the arrow, and the sword appearing here and in Zechariah 9:14 are a metaphor of spiritual power, exactly the same metaphor Paul used in his “whole armour of God” passage in Ephesians 6. It could have been suggested by these words in Zechariah. Zechariah 9:15. This is counted a very difficult passage by most students of the place. The first part, about God’s defending his people, is clear. The protection of God is guaranteed to his faithful followers. Matthew 18:20 carries exactly the same promise to Christians. However that about “drinking and making a noise as through wine” (ASV), is very difficult.

Although most versions and translations soften the passage by changing the words, as in our version, the actual meaning of the place is, “They will drink blood like wine and be filled with it like the corners of the altar."[3] This simply cannot mean that the returnees would celebrate victories over their enemies by such godless behavior. The law of God specifically forbade the drinking of blood, as does the New Testament. So what is meant? Here is where Jesus found a testimony of himself; and this is exactly the metaphor he used in John 6:53 ff. The passage is inapplicable to the Old Testament dispensation and is applicable only as a metaphor in the New Testament dispensation. Jesus said, “Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood, ye have not life in yourselves.” These specific citations make it absolutely certain that the times of the Messiah, that is, presently, in the church and kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ, are the times and conditions spoken of by the prophet in this 9th chapter. Zechariah 9:1“The burden of the word of Jehovah upon the land of Hadrach, and Damascus shall be its resting place (for the eye of man and of all the tribes of Israel is toward Jehovah).““The burden of the word of Jehovah …” We receive this and the rest of Zechariah as the Word of God properly associated with Zechariah. All of the questions and speculations have not challenged the essential truth, stated by Galley, that, “It is not impossible that Zechariah wrote the materials in Zechariah 9-14."[4]The change in style with this verse, which has been noted by so many, is a natural result of a change in subject matter. A pronouncement against the nations is the theme here. Nobody expects the second movement of a symphony to be in the same style as the first. “Burden …” The Jerusalem Bible, New English Bible, and other translations substitute “oracle” for this word; but, “The word oracle' does not capture the full sense of the original."[5] Thus, the use of "oracle" here is misleading and incorrect. "Burden" occurs again in <a href="/bible/parallel/ZEC/12/1" class="green-link">Zechariah 12:1</a> and at the beginning of Malachi, but nowhere else in the Bible. The word is definitely part of the word of Jehovah, "and is not a further title."[6]"Upon the land of Hadrach ..." As the text plainly indicates, Hadrach is a comprehensive name including a number of places mentioned afterward. "The word literally means enclosed,’ and is a symbolic name for Syria."[7] This is not contradicted by the fact that there actually was such a place. “The important stele of Zakir, king of Hamath, discovered in 1903 at Aris southwest of Aleppo in northern Syria, and published by the discoverer H. Pognon in 1907, identifies Hazrek (the Biblical Hadrach) as the capital city of Lu’ash, a north Syrian principality southwest of Aleppo, and north of Hamath on the Orontes river."[8]Interestingly enough, the Jewish Rabbis considered the name Hadrach to be Messianic in its implications.[9]“And Damascus shall be its resting place …” means that the greater part of the load, or burden of God’s wrath, would fall upon Damascus, the capital of Syria, and one of the principal enemies of the Jews throughout their history. This use of the term “burden” also suggests that the load was heavy for the prophet also and that he took little delight in announcing the judgments about to fall upon the greater part of the civilized world as he knew it. Also, it is quite clear that the “burden” carried many predictions that were far from being understood by the prophet himself. It appears that Zechariah 9:15, especially, is an example of that. “For the eye of man and of all the tribes of Israel is toward Jehovah …” We believe that the alternative reading of this passage as given in the margin of ASV should be adopted here. To interpret the meaning as it stands, we would have the thought that, “When all civilized man at that time, as well as all the tribes of Israel, were fastening their gaze intently upon Alexander the Great and his phenomenal conquests, they were actually fastening their eyes upon the Lord, for Alexander was simply God’s servant of judgment and chastisement."[10]It appears to us, however, that “the eye” of either the tribes of Israel, or the whole civilized world, was not on God at all, except in the sense proposed by Unger; and, that what is meant is that, “Jehovah has an eye upon men, and upon the tribes of Israel,” as rendered in the margin. If this latter reading is correct, it shows the universality of God’s concern with humanity, not Israel alone, but all men being subject to his judgment. The balance of the passage harmonizes with this understanding of it. Verse 2 “And Hamath, also, which bordereth thereon; Tyre and Sidon, because they are very wise.“These words merely broaden the area under the judgment of God, including areas not particularly identified with Syria. This led some to suppose that Hadrach symbolized “the land of Israel,” that is, Palestine. It is reasonable to suppose that all of the places mentioned here were included symbolically in “Hadrach.” Perhaps the best view is that of Keil who saw in “Hadrach” a symbolical reference to, “The Medo-Persian Empire."[11] Certainly, it was that empire, as the fourth head of the great Scarlet Beast (Revelation 13), that fell under God’s judgment with the rise of Alexander, his empire being the fifth head of the same entity. Verse 3 “And Tyre did build herself a stronghold, and heaped up silver as the dust, and fine gold as the mire of the streets. Behold, the Lord will dispossess her, and he will smite her power in the sea; and she shall be devoured with fire.“The prophet of God here announced particularly the destruction of Tyre, long considered to be impregnable. This announcement came not long after the foundation of the 2temple had been completed; and there is no use to suppose a date some centuries afterward in order to nullify this classical example of predictive prophecy. The prophet who prophesied the triumphal entry of Christ in the most remarkable detail would have had no trouble at all foretelling the rise of Alexander the Great who would destroy Tyre such a long time after the prophecy was given. After all, he was not the only prophet of God who foretold that event, forEzekiel 26:7-14 also foretold it. Significantly, Ezekiel predicted the siege of Tyre by Nebuchadnezzar, which indeed occurred; but he did not destroy the place, Therefore, Ezekiel again prophesied the destruction of Tyre, saying, “They shall bring thee down to the pit; and thou shalt die the death of them that are slain in the depth of the seas.” (Ezekiel 28:8). The complete fulfillment of this prophecy against Tyre was so remarkable that we include here a summary of it. TYREFounded between 1500,1400 B.C., this city had enjoyed power and prosperity for centuries when Zechariah proclaimed its downfall. It was the shipping and commerce center for the eastern Mediterranean world. They were friendly to king Solomon and aided in the building of the first temple. It was the pride and arrogance of the city that led to their destruction. “Tyre and Sidon …” These are usually mentioned together, because Tyre was, at first, a colony founded by Sidon. It was strongly situated on an island off the coast some 35 miles north of Mount Carmel. “Herodotus placed the founding of the city at 2700 B:C.;"[12] and that could possibly be correct, as the later date (1500-1400) is based upon the omission of the city’s name from only one inscription where it would presumably have been included if it existed; but that is rather weak evidence.[13]“Built herself a stronghold …” Baldwin identified this as “a breakwater 820 yards long and nine yards thick."[14] There were doubtless other fortifications also. The city successfully endured a number of sieges: “In the 7th century, both Shalmanezer IV and Ashurbanipal tried in vain to take it; and in the 6th century, it successfully resisted a 13-year siege by Nebuchadnezzar."[15] Thus, it must have appeared to be a very rash prophecy indeed that spoke of destroying the power of Tyre “in the sea.” But never was a prophecy more exactly fulfilled. Alexander the Great took the part of Tyre that was situated on the mainland; and then, using the totality of that destroyed city as the material, he constructed a mole 200 feet wide, literally casting Tyre, all of it, into the sea, and connecting the mainland with the proud island off shore. After a siege of some seven months, it fell; Alexander executed 10,000 of the citizens and sold 30,000 into slavery.[16]“They are very wise …” As Keil aptly remarked: “The wisdom through which Tyre acquired such might and such riches would be of no help to it; for it was the wisdom of this world which ascribes to itself the glory due to God, and only nourishes the pride out of which it sprang."[17]Verse 5 “Ashkelon shall see it, and fear; Gaza also shall be sore pained; and Ekron, for her expectation shall be put to shame; and the king shall perish from Gaza, and Ashkelon shall not be inhabited.“The campaign of Alexander the Great in subduing all of this portion of the Medo-Persian Empire precisely fulfilled all of the prophecies here against the various cities mentioned. The example afforded by Gaza illustrates all of them: “When Gaza fell, following a two months siege, ten thousand of its inhabitants were killed; and the rest were sold to the slave merchants who followed in the wake of Alexander’s armies. Their “king” was tied with two thongs through his feet to Alexander’s chariot and dragged through the city in one of the young conqueror’s characteristic fits of revenge against one who resisted his forward march."[18]Verse 6 “And a bastard shall dwell in Ashdod, and I will cut off the pride of the Philistines.““Bastard shall dwell in Ashdod …” This expression is supposed to mean that, “Ashdod will have a mixed population,"[19] an especially undesirable result in the eyes of the Jews. “The pride of the Philistines …” Their pagan religion was the principal pride of that people; and it appears to be that in particular that Zechariah had in mind here. See under next verse. Verse 7 “And I will take away his blood out of his mouth, and his abominations from between his teeth; and he also shall be a remnant for our God; and he shall be as a chieftain in Judah, and Ekron as a Jebusite.“The strange contrast between God’s taking the blood out of the mouths of the Philistines here, and his promise that his own children should “drink blood like wine” (verse 15) points toward the vast gulf between paganism and Christianity. The reason the ancient pagans drank blood (of their enemies) was that they might inherit the bold, warlike qualities and strength of their enemies. Christians, in the most startling metaphor of the New Testament, drink the blood of Christ that they might have eternal life (John 6:53). It is impossible to deny the connection in these references. “I will take away … blood … abominations …” means that God will destroy their paganism “He shall be a remnant …” means that descendants of the Philistines shall become Christians. Did it occur? Indeed, yes. Philip the evangelist preached in all of these cities, Ashdod (Azotus) being specifically mentioned (Acts 8:40). “As a chieftain in Judah … as a Jebusite …” “The Jebusites were the early inhabitants of Jerusalem, who were not destroyed, but gradually absorbed by their Hebrew conquerors."[20] This is the last mention of the Philistines in the Old Testament; the modern name Palestine is derived from their name."[21]From this verse, it is clear that Zechariah prophesied, not the extermination of these people, but their amalgamation into “Israel.” The whole paragraph (Zechariah 9:1-7) is a brilliant prophecy of the campaign of Alexander the Great that led to the subjugation of this entire area. That the prophecy was in fact uttered centuries before its final fulfillment would appear to be absolutely certain, that being the principal reason, no doubt, that the Jews preserved and honored the prophecy as “the Word of God.” The popular notion among critics to the effect that some joker perpetrated a fraud upon history by passing off an account of some previous event as a “prophecy” is impossible of acceptance on any intelligent basis. Where is there an example of such a thing in the total history of the human race? It simply could not be done, either then, or now, or at any other time. And now, we turn to the text for a prophecy of the sparing of Jerusalem by Alexander. Verse 8 “And I will encamp about my house against the army, that none pass through or return; and no oppressor shall pass through them any more: for now have I seen with mine eyes.““My house …” This prophecy was necessitated by the fact of a great world revolution taking place under Alexander the Great. The Medo-Persian power would vanish; but this prophecy assured God’s people that world changes would not destroy them: “`My house’ does not refer to the temple, but to Israel, his family. Egypt, Assyria, Chaldea, and Persia had all oppressed them … and now Alexander the Great; but Jehovah would encamp about his people and through them fulfil his purpose. No more would such nations pass through to thwart his purpose; it would be fulfilled in the Messiah."[22]An immediate fulfillment of this promise occurred when “Alexander spared Jerusalem and gave the Jews special favors."[23]These words should not be understood as applicable to the literal city of Jerusalem alone. That city would indeed be destroyed again in 70 A.D., following their rejection of the Messiah; but what was indicated here is that world powers would be effectively restrained through God’s power from preventing the achievement of his purpose of redemption for mankind. Nevertheless, the fulfillment in at least a token sense by Alexander’s sparing of Jerusalem was significant. Jerusalem had received an invitation from Alexander during the siege of Tyre requesting their surrender, but refused, which should have resulted (in the light of all indications in Alexander’s usual behavior following such refusals) in Jerusalem’s total destruction. It did not happen. Instead, the most remarkable events occurred. Josephus’ record of them is thus summarized by Deane: (Re: Alexander the Great). “He was on the way to chastise them following the fall of Gaza, and the beautiful city was already in full view before him as he drew near; but the High Priest Jaddua awaited him at the watch station of Sapha, clad in his robes of gold and purple, and followed by a train of citizens in pure white. “The conqueror bowed himself in reverence to the Holy Name upon the High Priest’s frontlet; and, being asked by Parmenio the reason of his conduct, said that in a dream at Dium, he had seen the God of Jaddua, who encouraged him to pass over into Asia, and promised him success. “Then, entering Jerusalem, he offered sacrifice in the temple, heard the prophecy of Daniel about himself, and granted certain privileges to Jews throughout his empire. The privileges said to have been conferred were enjoyed under his successors. Alexander had a vast influence in bringing the Jews into closer relationship with the rest of Asia, and so preparing them to fulfil their ultimate destiny as Christians."[24]Verse 9 “Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion, shout, O daughter of Jerusalem: behold thy king cometh unto thee; he is just and having salvation; lowly and riding upon an ass, even upon a colt the foal of an ass. And I will cut off the chariot from Ephraim, and the horse from Jerusalem; and the battle bow shall be cut off; and he shall speak peace unto the nations: and his dominion shall be from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth.“This magnificent prophecy of the triumphal entry of Christ into Jerusalem and the establishment of his universal dominion is one of the greatest in the Old Testament. New Testament references to it are inMatthew 21:1-5; Mark 11:1-10; Luke 19:29-38 and John 12:12-19. Since it is impossible for the critics to date this “after the event,” they attempt to explain it as a reference to something other than the entry of Christ. “The author, apparently, as soon as Alexander appeared on his horizon, saw in the young Greek, not only the conqueror of Asia, but the forerunner of a ruler who would restore the kingdom of David and make it the admiration of the world!"[25]How preposterous is the notion that Alexander the Great could have suggested Jesus Christ! Christ was humble; Alexander the Great considered himself a god; Christ was just; Alexander the Great filled the world with atrocious deeds; Christ brought salvation; Alexander brought death and destruction. An impassable gulf separates this holy vision of the Saviour from Alexander; and such a comment as that just quoted ranks with that of the critic who affirmed that the prophecy of the birth of Christ in Bethlehem was actually the prophecy of the birth of David, centuries earlier![26] No limits mark the extent of distortions contrived to deny the Word of God. Reference is made to the extensive comment in our New Testament series in the four gospels with reference to this prophecy of Zechariah. “I will cut off the chariot … the horse … the battle bow …” This refers to the rejection on the part of Christ’s followers, of all instruments of physical warfare in their winning of converts to the Christian faith. It definitely does not refer to any period of bringing together both Ephraim and Judah in any recreated secular state of Israel. “In the Messianic age, weapons of war will be banished”;[27] not from the world but from the Church of Jesus Christ. “Daughter of Zion … daughter of Jerusalem …” The use of this language is significant. “‘Daughter’ connotes severed relationships in the Old Testament, as in Isaiah 1:8; Jeremiah 4:31; and in Lamentations 2:1. This passage is an exception."[28] We cannot accept the proposition that this passage is an exception. Rather, it is used here to indicate that not the old Jerusalem, but the future Israel of God “in Christ” will receive the lowly Saviour riding upon an ass. The old, secular, physical Jerusalem never received him. “Having salvation …” Some have attempted to interpret the meaning here as an affirmation that the one entering was “saved”; but Jamieson affirmed that the Hebrew text actually means: “Showing himself a Saviour, having in himself salvation for us."[29]This passage must not be limited to any geographical limits. The dominion of Messiah is affirmed in this passage as being worldwide, universal, and “to the uttermost parts of the earth.” Verse 11 “As for thee also, because of the blood of thy covenant I have set free thy prisoners from the pit wherein is no water.““The blood of thy covenant …” This is one of the most beautiful passages in the Old Testament. Whatever the “blood of thy covenant” under the law of Moses was, Jesus Christ our Lord told the faithful and righteous remnant of Israel in the city of Jerusalem (his holy apostles), “This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many unto the remission of sins” (Matthew 26:28). This sheds ample light on this verse. It is a prophecy of the forgiveness of sins under the New Covenant. “I have set free thy prisoners …” The freeing of prisoners was an oft-repeated Old Testament promise with reference to the times of the Messiah. In the first sermon Jesus ever preached (Luke 4:18), he mentioned freeing the captives. “From the pit wherein is no water …” This is a metaphor of sin; and it is from that “pit” that Jesus came to deliver mankind. For ages, men have discerned this true meaning of the passage. Adam Clarke called the captives here, “those who were under the arrest of God’s judgments, the human race fast bound in sin and misery."[30] This is undoubtedly accurate. The aptness of this reference to sin is seen in the fact that, “Delivery from a pit in which there was no drinking water was life from death."[31]Verse 12 “Turn you to the stronghold, ye prisoners of hope: even today do I declare that I will render double unto thee.“See under Zechariah 9:12, discussed in the chapter introduction. “I will render double …” This speaks of the rich reward of those who suffer shame or hardship for the work of God. Isaiah wrote of the same thing: “Instead of your shame, ye shall have double; and instead of dishonor they shall rejoice in their portion” (Isaiah 61:7). “Prisoners of hope …” is a reference to all who wait patiently for the fulfillment of God’s purpose in their lives and in the world. Verse 13 “For I have bent Judah for me, I have filled the bow with Ephraim; and I will stir up thy sons, O Zion, against thy sons, O Greece, and will make thee as the sword of a mighty man.““Judah … Ephraim …” The use of these words that stand for the pre-exilic kingdoms of northern and southern Israel should not be understood as a promise of God that the old secular states of Israel would again appear and be reunited under a Davidic ruler. Such a gross misunderstanding is refuted by everything in the Bible. What is meant is that the times of the Messiah are in view and that the prophecy continues to apply primarily to those days of Christ. The mention of Ephraim and Judah reveal that all the fleshly descendants of Abraham from both the old kingdoms, that is, all of them who were part of the “righteous remnant,” ,will in those days become followers of Jesus Christ. Despite the overwhelming impact of these verses being focused on Messianic times, there would also be partial and token fulfillment in the fortunes of the secular Israel. As Higginson put it: “The prediction was largely fulfilled during the Maccabean struggle for independence from Syrian overlords in 165 B.C …. It also prefigures the warfare between the hosts of God and his foes."[32]We agree perfectly with this except, we see the burden of the prophecy as primarily applicable to the world-struggle of God’s people throughout history as the primary focus instead of the secondary. It should be remembered that the weapons of carnal warfare have already been “cut off”; and in this verse God’s people themselves become the “bow and arrow” and the mighty sword of the Lord. This forbids any complete identification of the passage with the Maccabean struggle. “The marvelous pictures that follow are too rich and glorious to be limited to the Maccabean days."[33]The language of this prophecy is too strong to point out the only trifling advantage which the Maccabees gained over Antiochus, who was of Macedonian descent.[34]The big thing in the passage is the identification of Greece as the fifth head of the seven headed scarlet beast of Revelation 13. In the rise of Alexander, Zechariah had already prophesied God’s protection of Jerusalem, which occurred as promised, but here is the signal that the fifth head will be no different from any of the others. They will persecute and destroy (to the extent of their ability) the people of God.

This of course took place under the Seleucids, the portion of “Greece” that pertained to Palestine. The Maccabean conflict is identified with that period. The appearance of the word “Greece” in this verse, one of the clearest and most certain examples of predictive prophecy in the Bible, has sent the critical community into an uproar seeking some way to deny it. Some have screamed “interpolation,” as the best defense when everything else fails; but as Dentan admitted, “The phrase has been regarded by a number of commentators as a gloss; this conclusion, however, is extremely improbable."[35] There are no textual problems with the passage; it clearly is part of the sacred text; and the only basis of getting it out is “by ruling out prediction as impossible."[36]“We have here a definite prophecy later than Daniel, fitting in with his temporal prophecy, expanding part of it, and reaching on beyond the time of Antiochus… yet nothing in the history of the world was any more contradictory to what in human sight was possible …. There was not a little cloud, like a man’s hand, when Zechariah thus absolutely foretold the conflict and its issue."[37]Verse 14 “And Jehovah shall be seen over them; and his arrow shall go forth as the lightning; and the Lord Jehovah will blow the trumpet, and will go with whirlwinds of the south. Jehovah of hosts will defend them; and they shall devour and tread down the sling-stones; and they shall drink and make a noise as through wine; and they shall be filled like bowls, like the corners of the altar.“This whole passage is a prophecy spoken in the terminology of carnal warfare; but the prophecy pertains absolutely to the victory of God’s people in the spiritual sector. See the application of this as a remarkable prophecy of the Lord’s Supper in the chapter introduction. We do not believe that the proper way to understand this is by changing the meaning of the text which speaks of “Drinking blood, etc,” as in our version and many others. Matthew Henry rendered like it is, “They shall drink blood and make a noise as through wine."[38] Leupold concurred in this, adding that, “we have a metaphor."[39] As far as we can determine, the only metaphor connected with drinking blood that refers to Christianity points to John 6:53. This bold application of practically all of this chapter to the triumph of Christianity under the Lord Jesus Christ must certainly have gone beyond what was in the mind of Zechariah; but we are totally convinced that the limitation of “God’s Word” as spoken through any prophet to the limits of what we may subjectively suppose was in the prophet’s mind is wrong. We do not believe that Amos had the slightest idea of what he prophesied when he foretold the darkening of the sky at the Crucifixion, nor that Caiaphas had any proper notion at all of what he prophesied in John 11:49-52. The apostle Peter elaborated this principle in 1 Peter 1:10 1 Peter 1:12; and we are willing to receive that inspired testimony. And besides all that, there is inherent in all of the Word that God gave, a strength, quality, meaning, and validity far and beyond what may be demanded by the context. “Paul paraphrased passages without regard to their original context, or meaning … It is as though the words of Scripture convey a convincing power within themselves apart from their original context."[40]All that we have seen of Sacred Scripture in a lifetime of study confirms Batey’s view as absolutely correct. Verse 16 “And Jehovah their God will save them in that day as the flock of his people; for they shall be as the stones of a crown, lifted on high over his land.““Difficult as these words are in Hebrew, the thought is clear. God will make His people glorious."[41]“God will save them in that day …” This has reference to the forgiveness of sins in the dispensation of Christ under the terms of the New Covenant. The BIG DEAL that God has for his children is not that of conquest over their physical enemies, but the salvation of their souls! Unfortunately the secular Israel simply never caught on to this. They did not want salvation when Jesus came; they wanted a conquering general on a white horse who would chase the Romans out of the country and restore their scandalous state. Verse 17 “For how great is his goodness, and how great is his beauty! Grain shall make the young men flourish, and new wine the virgins.“The thought continued here from previous verses in the paragraph pertains to the blessings “in Christ” during the new dispensation for the new Israel of God; and, as frequently in the prophets, the blessings are promised in agricultural terms. The goodness, mercy, beauty, and providence of God are glorious subjects; and those who love God will find many, even countless, occasions to praise him for all that he is to the redeemed. Bible Study Questions From Zechariah Chapter Nine1) What is against the land of Hadrach with Damascus as its resting place? (Zechariah 9:1) 2) What three things will God cut off or remove from the Philistines? (Zechariah 9:6-7) 3) What two things will the Philistines become? What might be the significance of these statements? (Zechariah 9:7) 4) Why is the daughter of Zion to rejoice? (Zechariah 9:9) 5) What three things is the Lord going to cut off or remove from Jerusalem and Ephraim? 6) What might be the significance of these statements? (Zechariah 9:10) 7) What is the king going to speak to the nations? What might be the significance of this statement? (Zechariah 9:10) 8) How far is the king’ s dominion going to reach? (Zechariah 9:9) 9) For what reason does God say He has set the “ prisoners free from the waterless pit” ? (Zechariah 9:11) 10) To where are the prisoners to return? (Zechariah 9:12) 11) What will God do with Judah and Ephraim? Against whom will He use them? (Zechariah 9:13) 12) What will the Lord do in that day? (Zechariah 9:16)

Zechariah 9:1

Zechariah 9:1. Burden means that the Lord has something to say about certain places and it is recorded here. Hadrach refers to Assyria and Damnswas the capital of ancient Syria. The prediction pertains to the fact that the eyes of mankind will be toward the Lord. This situation will be the result of God’s triumph for his people over all other nations.

Zechariah 9:2

Zechariah 9:2, Hamath was an important city of Syria and Tyrm and Zidon were cities of the Phoenicians. All these places were destined to see and recognize the greatness of God’s people after he has rescued them from the effects of the captivity.

Zechariah 9:3

Zechariah 9:3. Turns (Tyre) was a strong commercial city which is signified by the words heaped up silver as the dust. But this proud city felt the sting of defeat.

Zechariah 9:4

Zechariah 9:4. Power in the sea refers to the traffic carried on by Tyre on the Mediterranean Sea because the city was situated on the coast of that body of water, and that gave her good shipping accommodations in connection with the principal ports of the world in which to exchange her manufactured products for raw materials.

Zechariah 9:5

Zechariah 9:5. Ail of the towns named in this verse were in the land of the Philistines. They were destined to witness the defeat of heathen nations and the success of Israel,

Zechariah 9:6

Zechariah 9:6. Bastard is from MAMZOB which Strong defines, “From an unused root meaning to alienate: a mongrel i.e., born of a Jewish father and a heathen mother.” The verse means that the proud heathen city of Ashdod would have to tolerate the presence of a half-breed, one with Jewish blood in his veins which would be humiliating to the high minded heathen people.

Zechariah 9:7

Zechariah 9:7, Even this half-breed will be reformed from his practice of bloodshed. He will not talk about such acts but will Imitate the principles of the rulers in Judah. The people of Ekron (a Philistine city) will act as if they were citizens of Jerusalem which is meant by a Jebusite.

Zechariah 9:8

Zechariah 9:8. The gist of this verse is that God would be a sure protection against any passing group that might seek to disturb His people.

Zechariah 9:9

Zechariah 9:9. This prediction was cited and fulfilled in Matthew 21:1-11. The significant phase of the event was to be that the King would ride on both mother and colt. There would have been nothing unusual in the mere act of riding on one beast as that was a oommon means of transportation in those days.

Zechariah 9:10

Zechariah 9:10. Ephraim, stands for the 10-tribe kingdom or Israel, and Jerusalem is for the 2-tribe kingdom or Judah. Chariot and battle-bow signifies war and the prediction is that it was to be cut off. The verse is a prediction that temporal warfare will not be used in defence of the spiritual kingdom of Christ. The prophecy also includes the spreading of the new kingdom among the Gentiles.

Zechariah 9:11

Zechariah 9:11. The pronoun thee stands for Zion in verse 9. Blood of thy covenant is rendered “ whose covenant is by blood” in the margin which is correct. God had made a covenant with Abraham that his seed (blood descendants) were to be HiB people and that he would never entirely cast them off. That is why God caused them to be released from captivity. Pit … no water. A pit with water in it would have destroyed those cast therein, but a dry pit could serve as a prison but permit the victims to live. That is why God sent his people into Babylon, so they would be In bondage but not destroyed.

Zechariah 9:12

Zechariah 9:12. The strong hold means the city of Jerusalem and its country, for God was throwing great defences about that place and the people were encouraged to trust them.

Zechariah 9:13

Zechariah 9:13. The bow and arrow are used figuratively to represent Judah and Ephraim. Judah (the 2 tribes) and Ephraim (the 10 tribes) are illustrated by a bow and arrow. This is another proof that the 12 tribes all returned from the captivity and God was using them to overthrow ail opposition from the heathen.

Zechariah 9:14

Zechariah 9:14. Be seen over them denotes that the Lord will be in evidence in sight of the heathen who have been against His people.

Zechariah 9:15

Zechariah 9:15. Subdue with sling-stones does not necessarily mean literally, but when God fights for his people it is as victorious as if it had been done with carnal weapons.

Zechariah 9:16

Zechariah 9:16. Stones of a crown refers to the ornaments on the head piece that denotes victory. God’ s people were given assurance that they would surmount all difficulties that the enemies raised in their path.

Zechariah 9:17

Zechariah 9:17. Corn and wine were products of a fertile field that has been left undisturbed while the owners were cultivating it. During the captivity the land could not be cultivated by the people of Israel and hence it lay idle through that period.