Galatians 5

-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 7 StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size -9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 jBiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 11 2 8 0 0 CHAPTER V) Chapter 5) Verse 1) Theme: The Gospel of Justification by Faith apart from Law-works Defended against Its Detractors) III. Its Application: it produces true liberty. Let the Galatians stand firm, therefore, as does Paul, who glories in the cross of Christ) A. For freedom Christ has set us free; continue to stand firm, therefore.) ) 5:1) A. Maintain your freedom!) 5 1 For freedom Christ has set us free; continue to stand firm, therefore, and do not be loaded down again with a yoke of slavery.) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.5.1|AUTODETECT|”

1. For freedom Christ has set us free.��140�� There is every reason to agree with modern versions when they print ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 as a little paragraph all by itself, the first paragraph of a new chapter. That something new begins here is clearly evident from the contrast between the argumentative style of the earlier chapters, including the immediately preceding context, and the hortatory language that begins here in 5:1. Having been taught that in Christ we are free, we (here specifically the Galatians) are now encouraged to maintain that freedom (verse 1) and to interpret and apply it properly (verse 13 ff.). But this very statement also indicates the close connection between chapters 4 and 5. The truth stated and vigorously defended in the preceding chapters is applied to life in chapters 5 and 6.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.18|AUTODETECT|” That the idea of freedom is very much in the foreground is clear not only from verse 1 but also from verse 13 ff. The question arises: Just what does Paul mean when he speaks of freedom? It implies first of all deliverance. This deliverance is sometimes conceived of as rescue from the guilt and power of sin 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.18|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 6:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.22|AUTODETECT|” ); hence, from an accusing conscience 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.22|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 10:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ), from the wrath of God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.27|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.27|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 10:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.26|AUTODETECT|” ), and the tyranny of Satan 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.26|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.2.14|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.2.14|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 2:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ). Nevertheless, although all of this is probably implied in Paul s use of the term here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.5.13|AUTODETECT|”

13. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” , the context indicates that he is thinking particularly of freedom from the law, that is, deliverance from the curse which the law pronounces upon the sinner who had been striving unsuccessfully, of course to achieve his own righteousness 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.22-48.3.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.22-48.3.26|AUTODETECT|” 22 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.1-48.4.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.1-48.4.7|AUTODETECT|” 4:1 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.4-50.3.9|AUTODETECT|” ), but has now, by grace, turned to Christ and salvation in him. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.4-50.3.9|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:4 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.21|AUTODETECT|” . For God s chosen one this freedom includes rescue from the results of the law s inability to make alive what is dead 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.21|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.23|AUTODETECT|” ). Implied is also freedom from fear, the fear that arises from a. the erroneous idea that both the moral and the ceremonial law must be strictly obeyed if one is to be saved, and b. the oppressing awareness of inability to meet this demand 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.23|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.21-48.4.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.21-48.4.31|AUTODETECT|” 4:21 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.24-45.8.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.24-45.8.2|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 7:24 8:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.3|AUTODETECT|” Deliverance is, however, a negative concept, though the positive is clearly implied. Freedom is more than deliverance. It is a positive endowment. What the law could not do God has accomplished through Christ and the Spirit 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.3|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.4|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.4|AUTODETECT|”
14. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.25|AUTODETECT|” ). Positively, then, freedom, as Paul sees it, is the state in which a person is walking and living in the Spirit 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.25|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.4|AUTODETECT|” ), so that he produces the fruit of the Spirit (5:22, 23), and with joy and gratitude does the will of God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.2|AUTODETECT|” ), in principle fulfilling the law of Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.2|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 6:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.25|AUTODETECT|” ), even the law of liberty 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.25|AUTODETECT|” James 1:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.22|AUTODETECT|” ). This liberty amounts to delighting in the law of God in one s inmost self 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.22|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 7:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.6|AUTODETECT|” ). The person who is truly free no longer acts from constraint but serves his God willingly, with cheerfulness of heart. Freedom of access to the Father is implied, of course, for the blessing of which Paul speaks is enjoyed by sons 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.6|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 4:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.15|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.36|AUTODETECT|” Such true freedom is therefore always a freedom plus. It is with freedom as with justification. See p. 98. When an accused man is declared not guilty, he is free. Likewise when a slave has been emancipated, he is free. But the judge or the emancipator does not, as a rule, adopt the acquitted individual as his son. But when the Son makes one free, he is free indeed 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.36|AUTODETECT|” John 8:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). He then rejoices in the glorious liberty of sonship, with all that this implies as to access, right to the inheritance, etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” Paul emphasizes that it was Christ himself not our own merits or our own deeds that set us free. He did it by becoming a curse for us 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.19|AUTODETECT|” ); hence, by his blood 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.19|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 10, 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.22|AUTODETECT|”
15. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ); and he did it and is constantly doing it through his Spirit 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.3|AUTODETECT|”
16. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.14|AUTODETECT|”
17. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.6|AUTODETECT|” 4:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.29|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.29|AUTODETECT|”
18. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.4|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.3.17|AUTODETECT|” ). Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.3.17|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 3:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.15|AUTODETECT|” The thoroughly human Paul expresses himself in a manner which could almost be described as containing a bit of humor when he says, For freedom Christ has set us free, as if to say, Is it not ridiculous to imagine that Christ would have opened for us the gate of our prison at such a cost! merely to transfer us to another prison? Surely, he set us free in order that we might indeed be and remain free! Continued: continue to stand firm, therefore 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.15|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.10-49.6.20|AUTODETECT|” ). Perseverance in the fight against re-enslavement is here prescribed. The Galatians had been running beautifully (5:7), but they had failed to carry on. They had, in fact, reversed their course. What Paul is saying, then, is that over against the opponents they should stand firm and should so continue. This standing firm is not that of a well-nigh unassailable fenced-in statue, but rather that of a tree firmly rooted in the midst of the raging storm. Even better, it is that of the soldier on the field of battle, not fleeing but offering stout resistance to the enemy and defeating him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.10-49.6.20|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:10 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.22|AUTODETECT|” ). The very fact that it was no one less than Christ himself who had set the Galatians free, so that by standing firm, they are voluntarily continuing in the sphere of his activity, should encourage them; hence, Continue to stand firm, therefore. The crown of valor is victory 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.22|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.10|AUTODETECT|” Paul adds: and do not be loaded down��141�� again with a yoke of slavery. Peter had spoken about an unbearable yoke 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.10|AUTODETECT|” Acts 15:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.29|AUTODETECT|” ). He was referring to the yoke of the law, including its many regulations, augmented subsequently by man-made traditions. Under that yoke Israel had groaned. The Galatians, mostly of pagan origin (4:8), had been similarly subjected to rules and regulations pertaining to their former pagan religion. Ramsay speaks of a highly elaborate system of such burdensome stipulations, prevalent in Galatia. Hence, what the apostle is saying is that those who were delivered from this unbearable yoke of paganism should certainly not try to shoulder another similar yoke, that of Judaism.

See also on 4:9. Having escaped from one ritualism are they now going to bow before another? Rather, let them flee for refuge to him whose yoke is easy and whose burden is light 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.30|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.30|AUTODETECT|” 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 10 2 8 0 0 Chapter 5) Verses 2 6) Theme: The Gospel of Justification by Faith apart from Law-works Defended against Its Detractors) III. Its Application: it produces true liberty. Let the Galatians stand firm, therefore, as does Paul, who glories in the cross of Christ) B. Do not try to combine both principles: a. justification by way of law and b. justification by grace through faith. If you let yourselves be circumcised, Christ will be of no advantage to you. If you cling to law, you have lost your hold on grace.

Practice faith working through love.) ) 5:2 6) B. Faith in Christ plus circumcision will not do) 2 Now I, Paul, say to you that if you let yourselves be circumcised Christ will be of no advantage to you. 3 And I testify again to every man who lets himself be circumcised, that he is under obligation to keep the whole law. 4 You are estranged from Christ, whoever (you are who) seek to be justified by way of law; you have fallen away from grace. 5 For, as to ourselves, it is through the Spirit, by faith, that we eagerly await the hoped-for righteousness. 6 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision is of any avail, but faith working through love.) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.1|AUTODETECT|” It was a gain of incalculable value that Christ obtained for his people, namely, freedom. Over against this stands the frightful loss that is incurred by those who refuse to recognize him as their all-sufficient Savior. Therefore the text continues: 2. Now I, Paul, say to you that if you let yourselves be circumcised��142�� Christ will be of no advantage to you. From the stately style it is evident that the writer is conscious of his authority as an apostle of Jesus Christ. He has every right to speak thus, not only because he is, in fact, a true apostle, invested with this office by Christ himself (1:1, 12), but also because the matter at hand concerns the eternal weal or woe of those addressed. For I, Paul see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.1|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 10:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.1|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.23|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.18|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.18|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.4.17|AUTODETECT|” . The substance of Paul s words is this, that a man s faith rests on Christ either entirely or not at all. God s Anointed One must be recognized and worshiped as the one and only Savior. Since the Galatians were already yielding to the Judaizers in the matter of observing days and months and seasons and years (4:10), the danger was great that they would yield also in the matter of circumcision, and that, as a result, their whole religion would be reduced to ritualism with a slightly Christian tinge. It is for this reason that the apostle uses such incisive language. If they accept circumcision, thinking that this is necessary for salvation, or at least for a full measure of salvation, Christ will be of no advantage to them whatever.

A Christ supplemented is a Christ supplanted. Continued: 3. And I testify again to every man who lets himself be circumcised, that he is under obligation to keep the whole law. Continuing in the same solemn vein Paul testifies, so that the Galatians may act reverently, with a proper sense of respect for the will of God as revealed to them by his ambassador Paul. For testify see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.17|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.12|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.12|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.26|AUTODETECT|” . The gravity of the expression is shown especially in the manner in which it is used in the speeches of Paul as reported by Luke in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.20.26|AUTODETECT|” Acts 20:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 and 26:22. Paul testifies to every man. He is not only addressing the churches en masse, or even the Galatian congregations one by one, but each member individually and personally. Let his warning be taken to heart by each and by all. Note the significant word again . The sense, in connection with the preceding verse, is in all probability this, You must accept the whole Christ (Christ in all the fulness of his saving power and grace); again, if you refuse, then you will have to keep the whole law.

The one is implied in the other. If salvation is by law, why should one be obliged to keep just one ceremonial commandment, or even two or three, and not the rest? If the pathway to salvation is thought to lie in that direction one should travel it to the very end. He will discover, however, that the base from which he started was located in enemy territory that his presupposition was a tragic error and that the destination for which he is actually headed is the curse (3:10).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 4. In this verse the same truth is reiterated: You are estranged��143�� from Christ, whoever (you are who) seek to be justified��144�� by way of law; you have fallen away from grace. If the Galatians, whether all or some, should seek to be justified by way of law, and should persist to the end in this error, the cord that binds them to Christ would not be able to bear that strain. It would snap! They would then have fallen away from the domain of grace, would have lost their hold on grace. It would be with them like it is with withered flowers that fall to the ground and perish.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.6|AUTODETECT|” We should not try to diminish the force of these words, in the interest, perhaps, of this or that theological presupposition. It might seem as if what Paul is here saying is inconsistent with the doctrine of the preservation of the saints, a doctrine not only scriptural in general but also particularly dear to Paul. For evidence see N.T.C. on Philippians, pp. 54, 55. In reality, however, there is no conflict at all, as has been shown in connection with the explanation of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Let it be borne in mind that Paul is speaking here from the standpoint of human responsibility.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.7.10|AUTODETECT|” 5. In contrast with those who presumably might fall into the error against which the apostle issues his warning, Paul s own position, the conviction of the Galatians who have remained loyal, and, in general, the firm persuasion of believers everywhere, is set forth in the following passage, in which the emphasis falls on the word which in the original heads the sentence, namely, we or, as we can also render it, as to ourselves. Says Paul: For, as to ourselves, it is through the Spirit, by faith, that we eagerly await the hoped for righteousness. The conjunction ��� can best be interpreted in its more usual sense as indicating the cause or reason for the thought that was expressed in the preceding verse. What Paul is saying then amounts to something along this line, Those who yield to the Judaizers have fallen away from grace because they refuse to give due credit to the work of the Holy Spirit. On the contrary, as to ourselves, we recognize that Spirit as the source of all our striving and of our ultimate victory.

That the word pneuma, which by itself can be rendered either spirit (6:1, 18) or Spirit (the Holy), must here be interpreted in the latter sense, as nearly always in Galatians, follows from all that Paul has been saying previously in this epistle and from all that he says elsewhere concerning the activity of the third person of the Trinity. Thus, the idea that it is through the Spirit that by faith we eagerly await the hoped-for righteousness is in line with the teaching that the law produces death 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.10|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 7:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.2|AUTODETECT|” 8:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.29|AUTODETECT|” ), but the Spirit makes alive 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.29|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 4:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.3|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.4|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.4|AUTODETECT|” 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.5|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.5|AUTODETECT|” John 3:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.15|AUTODETECT|” ); that the law creates fear and wretchedness 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.15|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.16|AUTODETECT|” ), but the Spirit brings about hope and assurance 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.16|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.23|AUTODETECT|” ); that the law enslaves 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.23|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.24|AUTODETECT|” 4:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.25|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.29-48.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ), but the Spirit brings about freedom 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.29-48.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 4:29 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ). Considered from God s side, therefore, salvation is the gift of the Spirit 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.13|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.5|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.5|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.13|AUTODETECT|” ). Viewed from man s side it is received by faith, but even this faith, both in its initiation and at every step of the way, is Spirit-given. And if faith is God-given, why should not hope be also? And why should not the thing hoped for, in this case: the hoped-for righteousness,��145�� be also assigned to the Holy Spirit, this all the more because the very presence of the Spirit in the hearts of believers is considered a pledge and first instalment of greater glories to come 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 )?��146��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.19|AUTODETECT|” These greater glories to come are definitely in the mind of the writer, for he says that through the Spirit, by faith we eagerly await 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.19|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.23|AUTODETECT|” 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.25|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.7|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ) the hoped-for righteousness. To be sure, the verdict of acquittal has already been pronounced, so that even now the peace of God has smiled its way into our hearts 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31-40.25.40|AUTODETECT|” ). But one day, namely, at Christ s glorious return, our righteousness will be declared publicly. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31-40.25.40|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:31 40) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.1-42.18.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.1-42.18.8|AUTODETECT|” Luke 18:1 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.13|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.10|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . To this day and to this blessing we, through the Spirit, by faith, eagerly look forward, not doubting that God will fulfil his promise.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.8.8|AUTODETECT|” 6. This declaration concerning the eager forward look of Spirit-imparted faith is true, For in Christ Jesus��147�� neither circumcision nor uncircumcision is of any avail, but faith working through love. As far as Christ Jesus is concerned or, as one might say, in the sphere of Christian religion being circumcised will be of no benefit toward salvation. But here as always Paul shows excellent balance by immediately adding, nor being uncircumcised. The circumcised person must not boast about the fact that his foreskin was removed, nor should the uncircumcised put on airs because he still has his. Cf. the similar statement in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.8.8|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 8:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.17|AUTODETECT|” regarding food. What is important, however, is faith working through love. Compare ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.17|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 14:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , For the rule of God does not consist in eating and drinking but in righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8-49.2.10|AUTODETECT|” A controversy has long raged between Roman Catholic and Protestant interpreters with respect to the question whether Paul meant to say faith wrought through love or faith working through love. According to the first view, generally favored by Rome, love precedes faith. Our works of love or charity give substance to faith. In this way the danger of ascribing too great a value to works and of making works basic in the effectuation of our salvation, is great indeed. This theory, therefore, contradicts the very thesis which the apostle is trying to establish in this epistle, namely, that justification is by faith, apart from works.��148�� And as to which is first in order, whether a. love and the work it produces or b. faith, basically the priority should be given to faith. The works are fruits, not roots. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8-49.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:8 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.3|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.5|AUTODETECT|” ; and see N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.5|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.2.22|AUTODETECT|” This having been said, it is well, nevertheless, to point out that just as in the natural sphere the young married woman who becomes the happy mother of a child, not only lavishes her love upon that child but is also herself reciprocally enriched, so also mother faith, having produced her child love, receives grace and glory from this child. Action begets reaction in this blessed circle of interrelationships.��149�� The endowments with which the Holy Spirit graces the believer overlap. None stands by itself. And is not this implied in Paul s very statement that faith works through love? It works, becomes effective, proves its genuine character, by means of love and loving deeds. Indeed, by works faith is made perfect 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.2.22|AUTODETECT|” James 2:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Paul and James are in complete agreement!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.2|AUTODETECT|” Whether or not those are right who say that the Judaizers must have accused Paul of minimizing love, and that in this passage the apostle is answering this charge, we do not know. One fact, however, stands out clearly: the faith which Paul proclaims is always far richer than mere understanding. It is fruitful 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.2|AUTODETECT|” John 16:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.6|AUTODETECT|” ), not barren. It is warm, not cold. The man who wrote ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.6|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.13.2|AUTODETECT|” also wrote ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.13.2|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 13:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 10 2 8 0 0 Chapter 5) Verses 7 12) Theme: The Gospel of Justification by Faith apart from Law-works Defended against Its Detractors) III. Its Application: it produces true liberty. Let the Galatians stand firm, therefore, as does Paul, who glories in the cross of Christ) C. You were running well; who was it that threw you off your course? I am convinced that you will see the matter my way. If I am still preaching circumcision, why am I still being persecuted?

Would that the disturbers might make eunuchs of themselves!) ) 5:7 12) C. You were running well. I am persuaded that you will repent) 7 You were running well; who cut in on you so that you did not continue to obey the truth? 8 This persuasion (is) not (derived) from him who is calling you. 9 A little leaven leavens the whole lump. 10 I on my part am persuaded in the Lord with respect to you, that you will not adopt a different view (than mine). And the one who is throwing you into confusion will have to pay the penalty, whoever he may be. 11 Now as for myself, brothers, if I am still preaching circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? In that case the stumbling-block of the cross has been removed. 12 Would that those who upset you might make eunuchs of themselves!) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.0|AUTODETECT|” 7. Turning back once more (cf. 1:8, 9; 3:2, 3; 4:9, 12 15) to the time when the Galatians had heard the gospel from the lips of Paul and had accepted Christ as their Savior and Lord, the apostle says: You were running well. They had started out beautifully. Proof for this statement is found in 4:13, 14; cf. the account in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.0|AUTODETECT|” Acts 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.2|AUTODETECT|” and 14. The metaphor is taken from the footrace in the stadium. A similar figure underlies ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.2|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.16|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.7|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.1|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 12:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.13.25|AUTODETECT|” . If Paul was in Corinth when he wrote this letter, as seems probable, he must have been hearing about such and other athletic contests, and may even have been a spectator at one time or another. But rivalry in games and sports was not confined to the city famous for its Isthmian contests, but was prevalent in greater or lesser extent throughout the world, then as well as now. The Galatians understood the metaphor. Continued: who cut in on you so that you did not continue to obey the truth? Paul is not asking for information.

He is not necessarily referring to any ringleader. In all probability he is simply saying to the Galatians, Before you continue to yield to the wishes of any person who belongs to this group, would it not be wise to consider carefully what kind of a person it was that threw you off your course? It is not the identity but the character of the Judaizers which the apostle is bringing into the foreground. This is in harmony with 6:12, 13. The Galatians, having been diverted from their proper course, were now proceeding on a path that would lead them to ruin, unless they returned to the base from which they had started out. They had discontinued to obey the truth.

By this truth is meant God s special revelation as embodied in the gospel proclaimed by Paul and the other apostles and fellow-workers. Cf. 2:5, 14. That truth is full of practical implications. It concerns both doctrine and life. It not only tells men what to believe but also how they should conduct themselves. It reveals to them that God gave his Son as a complete and perfect Savior, and that, out of gratitude for the salvation that is freely given to all who embrace him by a living faith, the redeemed should spend their days showing forth God s praise in thought, word, and deed.

Continued: 8. This persuasion��150�� (is) not (derived) from him who is calling you. For calling see on 1:6. The Galatians are being told that the persuasion that draws them away from the truth does not have its source in him who not only called them in the beginning but is calling them even now: Day by day his sweet voice soundeth, Saying, Christian, follow me (Mrs. Cecil F. Alexander).

They must realize that their present course of action means that they are saying No to no one less than God himself (cf. 1:15). And this is a mild way of declaring that they have begun to say Yes to Satan, who is using the Judaizers in the distortion of the only true gospel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.13.25|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 13:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.13.28|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.13.28|AUTODETECT|”

28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.5.6|AUTODETECT|”

9. The warning continues, this time in the form of a proverbial saying, found also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.5.6|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 5:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.13.33|AUTODETECT|”

A little leaven leavens the whole lump. Seemingly insignificant causes can lead to momentous consequences, whether for good 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.33|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 13:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” ) or for evil, as in the present case. Principles penetrate! When a person has forsaken the sound principle of salvation by grace alone through faith 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=32.4.7|AUTODETECT|” ), and has taken his stand on a new persuasion, namely, salvation by grace plus works, the attention is gradually shifted to works, until grace has disappeared completely, and so has Christ, on whom grace rests. Illustrations of the penetrating power of evil: a. In ancient Israel the deceptively innocent worship of Jehovah under the symbolism (and by means) of an image soon led to gross idolatry; b. it took only a worm to destroy Jonah s gourd 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=32.4.7|AUTODETECT|” Jonah 4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.17|AUTODETECT|” ); c. cancer spreads (metastasizes), so that a malignant tumor, ever so small in its beginning, may in the end destroy the entire body 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.17|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ); d. a little (?) carelessness starts a forest-fire, with destruction of thousands of valuable lumber-producing trees, or sets fire to a hotel, killing several people; e. someone tosses a few roots of a beautiful flower into a stream; result: many of the rivers, canals, lakes, and bayous of beautiful Florida, etc., are choked with the water hyacinth, which menaces wildlife, causes floods, strangles navigation, costs a fortune in attempts at eradication, so far with no completely satisfactory remedy in sight; and f.:) 1 1 2 8 0 0 For want of a nail the shoe was lost; for want of a shoe the horse was lost; for want of a horse the rider was lost; for want of a rider the battle was lost; and for want of a battle the kingdom was lost. All this for want of a horseshoe nail (Benjamin Franklin, according to one version).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.6|AUTODETECT|”

10. But though again and again the apostle has expressed his deep concern with reference to the Galatians (1:6, 7; 3:1 5; 4:11 20; 5:1 4, 7), he now reiterates his conviction that the letter which he is writing will have the desired effect. For other traces of this confidence see 3:4b; 4:6, 7, and the frequent use of the endearing form of address: brothers (1:11; 3:15; 4:12, 28, 31; 5:11, 13; 6:1, 18). He writes: I on my part am persuaded in the Lord with respect to you, that you will not adopt a different view (than mine). His conviction or persuasion regarding the Galatians rests not on any innate goodness of theirs, but solely on their and his relation to Christ, their and also his Lord. It is that Lord who, having begun a good work in the Galatians, will carry it on toward completion. See N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.15|AUTODETECT|” . Continued: And the one who is throwing you into confusion will have to pay the penalty, whoever he may be. For the meaning of the verb to throw into confusion see on 1:7. Here in 5:10, as in verse 7 above, some see a reference to a ringleader. Some venture even farther away from shore, embarking boldly upon the sea of speculation when they suggest that either the apostle Peter, or else James the brother of the Lord, was that ringleader. But as to Peter see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.15|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.19|AUTODETECT|” ; and as to James see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.19|AUTODETECT|” Acts 15:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.24-44.15.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.15.24-44.15.26|AUTODETECT|” 24 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Fact is that in referring to the disturbers Paul again and again uses the plural (1:7; 4:17; 5:12; 6:12, 13). But he also does not hesitate to use the plural and the singular in one breath . Does that mean that from the many disturbers he suddenly turns to the one ringleader? That would be rather strange. So also here the very wording would seem to point in the opposite direction: the one who is throwing you into confusion & whoever he may be.

The probable meaning is: There are several disturbers. Be on your guard, therefore, so that if one anyone at all of these creators of confusion approaches, you resist him, bearing in mind that, whoever he may be, he will have to pay the penalty. Implication: and you also will have to pay the penalty (literally: bear the judgment) if you become involved in his guilt. ) 1 2 2 8 0 0 That the apostle is referring to God s judgment upon the distorters of the truth is not open to doubt. Whether Paul was thinking of punishment here and now, or rather of retribution in the hereafter, is not indicated. He may well have been thinking of both.) 11. It is but natural that in connection with the strong condemnation of the teachers of error Paul would be reminded of an accusation which, in all probability, these men had hurled against him; namely, that he himself was inconsistent in his presentation of the gospel; specifically, that in regard to circumcision, the very matter with respect to which he censured his opponents so unmercifully, he himself was not to be trusted. They charged him with duplicity. At one time, so they said, Paul would have nothing whatever to do with this rite, and would denounce those who honored it.

At another time he himself would preach it. Had he not circumcised Timothy? Viewed in the light of this accusation we understand what the apostle means when he continues: Now as for myself, brothers, if I am still preaching circumcision, why am I still being persecuted?��151�� If there had not been a radical change in Paul s philosophy of life, so that he who at one time had been a self-righteous Pharisee and an ardent advocate of the Jewish traditions had even now not been truly converted, but was still clinging to his earlier beliefs, then why would he nevertheless be persecuted? In that case the Judaizers would have welcomed him as one of their own circle!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.3|AUTODETECT|” As to the circumcision of Timothy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.3|AUTODETECT|” Acts 16:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.1|AUTODETECT|” ), it certainly was one thing to circumcise a person of mixed parentage, as was Timothy, in order to make him a more effective missionary among the Jews, and to do this without the least suggestion that in some way this circumcision would contribute toward his salvation; it was an entirely different matter to force circumcision upon the Gentiles, with the implication that unless they were circumcised they could not be saved! See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.1|AUTODETECT|” Acts 15:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.17-44.21.26|AUTODETECT|” . In matters in which no principle was involved Paul was very accommodating, flexible, and conciliatory 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.17-44.21.26|AUTODETECT|” Acts 21:17 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), but when a deep principle was at stake for example, Christ s all-sufficiency for salvation he was unbending, and rightly so. Moreover, far from being inconsistent when, on the one hand, he circumcised Timothy, yet on the other hand strongly condemned the circumcision of the Galatians, he was most gloriously consistent, for in both instances he was promoting the spread of the one true gospel, subordinating everything else to this marvelous cause. If, therefore, the opponents, in charging Paul with inconsistency, were thinking of what he had done to Timothy, and were implying that by that very act he had been preaching circumcision, they really had no case at all. For a different interpretation of the passage see footnote.��152�� See also on 2:5.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.23|AUTODETECT|” Paul continues: In that case the stumbling-block of the cross has been removed. For the Jews the death of the Messiah even more so, the accursed death of the cross! was a stumbling-block, a definite obstacle or hindrance to their acceptance of the Christian religion 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.23|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). They would say, What, the Messiah crucified? Perish the thought! What added to the offensiveness of this doctrine, as they saw it, was the claim that by means of this cross the old shadows had been fulfilled, the old ceremonial ordinances abrogated. Moreover, the burden of obedience to the law as a precondition of salvation had been lifted. And, to make things even worse in their eyes, by this cross the wall of separation between Jew and Gentile had been removed once for all, never to be rebuilt.

Therefore, the all-sufficiency of Christ Crucified for salvation, completely obliterating the need of any additional props such as circumcision, was the stumbling-block for the Jews. But if the apostle were still preaching circumcision as a means of salvation, that offense would have been removed. Also, in that case Paul would no longer be persecuted by his kinsmen. Hence, the very fact that this persecution had not been discontinued was adequate proof that the charge of the opponents was false.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 12. Paul closes this brief paragraph with a rather startling expression: Would that those who upset you might make eunuchs of themselves!��153��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.2|AUTODETECT|” In view of the fact that the basic meaning of the verb which Paul uses in expressing his wish is to cut off, there are those who think that the apostle voices his desire that the opponents may be cut off from the church ( I would that they were even cut off which trouble you, A.V.), or, better still, that they would cut themselves off ( & would cut themselves off from you altogether, Phillips; cf. Ramsay, Historical Commentary, pp. 437 440). A more reasonable interpretation, however, one which (because it agrees with the use of the verb in such contexts in contemporary sources)��154�� is supported by most commentators both ancient and modern, interprets the meaning to be this, that the apostle is saying, As for these agitators, they had better go the whole way and make eunuchs of themselves! (N.E.B.). Paul reasons, as it were, as follows: Since circumcision has lost its religious value, it is nothing more than a concision 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), which differs only in degree but not essentially from the practices of pagan priests, practices well-known to the Galatians. But since the Judaizers who are upsetting the Galatians believe a little physical mutilation is of spiritual value, let them be consistent and cut away more radically. Let them go all the way, and castrate themselves, thus making eunuchs of themselves like the priests of Cybele in their wild devotions. ) 1 2 2 8 0 0 The question arises whether Paul was justified in uttering this wish. A few points should be borne in mind in this connection:) (1) In the final analysis Paul, in expressing this wish, was responsible to God, not to us. It is God alone who is able to judge the ethical value of such an utterance.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.6|AUTODETECT|” (2) Did not even the sinless Jesus say, Whoever causes one of these little ones who believe in me to stumble, it is better for him that a heavy millstone be hung around his neck, and that he be drowned in the depth of the sea ? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.6|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 18:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.42|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.42|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.2|AUTODETECT|” Luke 17:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 7 2 8 0 0 (3) The situation in which Paul found himself was similar: the Galatians, who were very dear to him (4:19) were being led astray. Also, the purity of the gospel was being undermined. Paul loved the Galatians and the true gospel deeply enough to be disturbed!) (4) Accordingly, instead of saying, Shame on you, Paul, for wishing such a thing! should we not rather say, Shame on ourselves, that when in our own day and age the soundness of the gospel is being sacrificed upon the altar of ecumenism, and when ever so many people are being led astray by a so-called gospel that recognizes no contrast between saved and unsaved, but only the brotherhood of all men (as if, in a redemptive sense, all men were brothers), our own cheeks have lost the ability to glow with righteous indignation!) (5) Nevertheless, in all our thoughts, wishes, and expressions, may the prayer of the Psalmist, uttered in connection with a somewhat similar revelation of indignation, be ours also:) Search me, O God, and know my heart;) Try me, and know my thoughts;) And see if there be any wicked way in me,) And lead me in the way everlasting ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.23|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.23|AUTODETECT|” Psalms 139:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.139.24|AUTODETECT|” 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.31|AUTODETECT|” Such language reminds us of Paul s own sentiments 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.31|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.32|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.32|AUTODETECT|” 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.4|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 13 2 8 0 0 Chapter 5) Verses 13 26) Theme: The Gospel of Justification by Faith apart from Law-works Defended against Its Detractors) III. Its Application: it produces true liberty. Let the Galatians stand firm, therefore, as does Paul, who glories in the cross of Christ) D. Remember that true liberty does not mean license. It means love. It does not welcome the works of the flesh but the fruit of the Spirit.

It produces unity, not strife.) ) 5:13 26) D. Freedom means love, not license) 13 For you were called to freedom, brothers; only (do) not (turn) this freedom into an opportunity for the flesh, but through love be serving one another. 14 For the whole law is fulfilled in one word, namely, in this: You must love your neighbor as yourself. 15 But if you bite and devour one another, watch out lest you be consumed by one another.) 16 But I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will definitely not fulfil the desire of the flesh; 17 for the flesh sets its desire against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh: for these are opposed to each other, so that these very things which you may wish to be doing, these you are not doing. 18 But if you are being led by the Spirit you are not under law. 19 Now obvious are the works of the flesh, which are: immorality, impurity, indecency, 20 idolatry, sorcery, quarrels, wrangling, jealousy, outbursts of anger, selfish ambitions, dissensions, party intrigues, 21 envyings, drinking bouts, revelries, and the like, of which I forewarn you, as I previously forewarned you, that those who indulge in such practices will not inherit the kingdom of God. 22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 meekness, self-control; against such there is no law. 24 And those who believe in Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires.) 25 If we live by the Spirit, by the Spirit let us also walk. 26 Let us not become boasters, challenging one another, envying one another.) ) Having previously dealt with the subject of freedom (2:4; 4:21 30; 5:1), Paul feels that further treatment is necessary, and this, it may well be surmised, particularly for two reasons: a. the charge of the Judaizers, that Paul s rejection of the law as a precondition of salvation would lead to lawlessness, and b. the presence of leftovers of pagan vices in the hearts and lives of the formerly chiefly pagan Galatians.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.1|AUTODETECT|” The Christian religion resembles a narrow bridge over a place where two polluted streams meet: one is called legalism, the other libertinism. The believer must not lose his balance, lest he tumble into the refined (?) faults of Judaism on the one side, or into the gross vices of paganism on the other. He must tread the safe and narrow path. Whether fashionable or coarse, both kinds of evils are products of the flesh, that is, of sinful human nature. Since the apostle had devoted a large part of his epistle to the task of combating Judaistic self-righteousness, arrogance, exclusivism, etc., he now turns the attention of the Galatians, and of all who then or now read these warnings, to those sins which, though to a certain extent also present among the Jews 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.1|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.21-45.2.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.21-45.2.24|AUTODETECT|” 21 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.5.12|AUTODETECT|” ), were especially conspicuous among the Gentiles. He fully realizes that even though the Galatians were now brothers in Christ, they were still plagued and beset by the sinster influences of contaminated heredity, long-existing habit, and dissolute environment. Generally speaking, sanctification does not complete its task in one day. So, this new section begins as follows: 13. For you were called to freedom, brothers; only (do) not (turn) this freedom into an opportunity for the flesh.& For the meaning of freedom see on 5:1. The present passage is linked in thought especially with verse 8.

When these two verses (8 and 13) are combined the meaning of for and of both passages becomes clearer: This persuasion (is) not (derived) from him who is calling you.& For you were called to freedom, brothers; only (do) not (turn) this freedom into an opportunity for the flesh. When God applies the outward call, the gospel message, to the heart, thereby producing the effectual call, the person who experiences this basic change is introduced into the realm of freedom, the sphere of grateful and spontaneous living to the glory of his marvelous Benefactor, and is invited to roam about freely in this new country, delighting in its treasures and making full use of its opportunities. The Galatians must beware, nevertheless, that they do not accept a distorted interpretation of the concept freedom, as if it were an opportunity, that is, bridgehead, springboard, pretext, or incentive 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.12|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.12|AUTODETECT|” 11:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.14|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) for sinful human nature to assert itself.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.8|AUTODETECT|” Paul is not tilting at windmills when he issues this warning. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.8|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 3:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.6.1|AUTODETECT|” 6:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; Rasputin (cf. R. K. Massie, Nicholas and Alexandra, New York, 1967, p. 196). Turning liberty into license is an evil ingrained in sinful human nature. It is so easy to interpret liberty as the right to sin, and to construe freedom as the privilege to do whatever one s evil heart wants to do, instead of looking upon it as the Spirit-imparted ability and desire to do what one should do.

Even today how often does it not happen that such baneful practices as attending places of worldly amusement, chain-smoking, boozing, desecrating the sabbath, and reading smutty novels are defended with an appeal to Christian liberty! The apostle s own inspired interpretation of the meaning of true liberty is set forth both here in Galatians and in equally touching passages of his first epistle to the Corinthians: see especially 6:12; 8:9, 13; 9:12, 19, 22; 10:23, 24, 31; 11:1.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.7|AUTODETECT|” Surely no loftier description of the essence of true freedom has ever been offered than the one given in the words: but through love be serving one another. For the concept love see the explanation of verse 6, where Paul speaks about faith working through love. Here in verse 13 note the paradox: freedom & serving. A paradox, indeed, but not a self-contradiction, for such service is voluntary, from the heart. It is a service rendered in imitation of him who took the form of a servant 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.7|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.4|AUTODETECT|” ), and who, during the solemn night when he stepped upon the threshold of his most profound and indescribable agony, rose from the supper, laid aside his garments, and having taken a towel, tied it around his waist, poured water into a basin, and began to wash the disciples feet and to dry them with the towel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.4|AUTODETECT|” John 13:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). He was the thoroughly consecrated, wise and willing servant pictured by Isaiah (42:1 9; 49:1 9a; 50:4 11; and 52:13 53:12), the spontaneously acting servant who resolutely fulfilled his mission, so that with reference to him Jehovah said: Behold, my servant, whom I uphold; my chosen, in whom my soul delights. It is such service that Paul has in mind when he says: & through love be serving one another. ��155�� And what is meant by this love by means of which one brother voluntarily serves the other? Such ingredients as deep affection, self-sacrificing tenderness, genuine sympathy, readiness to render assistance, yearning to promote the brother s (and in a wider sense the neighbor s) welfare, spontaneous giving and forgiving: all these enter into it. But would it not be easier to count the glistening beads in the descending chains of rain than to catalogue all the elements that enter into that mysterious force which causes many hearts to beat as one?��156��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.21|AUTODETECT|” When Paul warns the Galatians not to turn freedom into an opportunity for the flesh but through love to be serving one another, he is placing service over against selfishness, the positive over against the negative. Paul does this frequently: see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.21|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 12:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.14|AUTODETECT|” 13:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.18-46.6.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.18-46.6.20|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 6:18 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.28|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.31|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.31|AUTODETECT|” 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.32|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.32|AUTODETECT|” 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.28|AUTODETECT|” 5:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.29|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.29|AUTODETECT|” 29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.4|AUTODETECT|” 6:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.5-51.3.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.5-51.3.17|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:5 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.7|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.19.18|AUTODETECT|” , etc. Vice can only be conquered by virtue, which is the Spirit s gift, man s responsibility. Continued: 14. For the whole law is fulfilled in one word, namely, in this: You must love your neighbor as yourself. Paul quotes ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.19.18|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 19:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.39|AUTODETECT|” . One can also say that he is quoting the words of Jesus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.39|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 22:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.40|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.40|AUTODETECT|” 40) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.31|AUTODETECT|” Mark 12:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.27|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.12|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.12|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 7:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.19|AUTODETECT|” 19:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.8-45.13.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.8-45.13.10|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 13:8 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.13.0|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.13.0|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.20|AUTODETECT|” ). Love, then, is both the summary (interpretive epitome or condensation) and the realization in practice of the entire God-given moral law, viewed as a unit. True, in harmony with the immediately preceding context , the apostle here refers specifically to the second, not to the first, table of the law, but that first table is in the background, for the two are inseparable 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.20|AUTODETECT|” I John 4:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.21|AUTODETECT|” ). Paul s teaching throughout is that though it would be a gross error to say that the sinner must love God and his neighbor in order to be saved, it is entirely true that the saint, saved by grace, out of gratitude for (and by dint of) this salvation loves God and his neighbor. Though love and the deeds which it produces must not be considered preconditions of salvation, they are, nevertheless, very important, namely, as fruits of the work of the Holy Spirit in man s heart. Once this is understood it becomes clear that Paul is entirely consistent when, on the one hand, he maintains that believers are not under law, yet, on the other hand, emphasizes that they are under law to Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.21|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 9:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.2|AUTODETECT|” ; and see on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.2|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 6:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.1|AUTODETECT|” It has been maintained that the rule here quoted differs in no respect from that of the non-Christian moralist. The resemblance, however, is only superficial. The believer s incentive to obey this summarizing command is gratitude for the redemption accomplished by Christ; the strength to observe it is furnished by the Spirit of Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.25|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.16|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.16|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.20|AUTODETECT|” 4:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ff.; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.1|AUTODETECT|” 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.34|AUTODETECT|” ff.); and it was also Christ who himself supplied the example of obedience 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.34|AUTODETECT|” John 13:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.29|AUTODETECT|” When the question is asked, But who is my neighbor? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.29|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.43-40.5.48|AUTODETECT|” ), the answer is: anyone with whom, in God s providence, we come into contact; anyone whom we can assist in any way, even though he hates us and in that sense is our enemy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.43-40.5.48|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:43 48) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.34|AUTODETECT|” ). Here, too, Christ himself has given us the supreme example 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.34|AUTODETECT|” Luke 23:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.21-60.2.24|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.21-60.2.24|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 2:21 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.25-42.10.37|AUTODETECT|” ). The parable of The Good Samaritan 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.25-42.10.37|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:25 37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.35.25|AUTODETECT|” ) proves, moreover, that, instead of asking, But who is my neighbor? each person should prove himself a neighbor to the one whom he is able to benefit in any way. Continued: 15. But if you bite and devour one another, watch out lest you be consumed by one another. The attitude toward one another that is described and condemned in this passage is the very opposite of the one that was urged upon the addressed in verses 13 and 14. Here, in verse 15, people church-members at that! are pictured in the act of rushing at each other like wild beasts. By means of an ascending series of gruesome acts their violence and its threatening woeful result is pictured: they bite each other, gulp each other down, and, if they persist, will in the end be totally consumed by one another.

They obey the dictates of their old self, and resemble nature raw in tooth and claw. Robertson reminds us of the story of two snakes that grabbed each other by the tail and each swallowed the other. (Word Pictures, Vol. IV, p. 311). And Cole refers to the two Kilkenny cats of Cromwellian times who fought so furiously that not a scrap of fur remained of either (The Epistle of Paul to the Galatians, in The Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, p. 158). One might expect such acts of terror and violence from the enemies of God s people in their onslaught upon the righteous 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.35.25|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 35:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.79.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.79.2|AUTODETECT|” 79:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.79.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.79.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.80.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.80.13|AUTODETECT|” 80:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.124.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.124.3|AUTODETECT|” 124:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), but surely those who style themselves believers in the Lord Jesus Christ and members of the one holy universal church cannot be accused of such behavior?) 1 2 2 8 0 0 The question arises, therefore, Just what does Paul have in mind? Is he merely warning the Galatians against certain sins which they might be considering, without in any way implying that such evils as biting and devouring already existed in their midst? Or, on the other hand, has he received information regarding actual conditions of dissension and strife, and is he now warning the churches as to what will be the inevitable result of the continuation of such discord and contention? Some commentators favor the first,��157�� some the second��158�� alternative. I side with the latter. My reason is as follows.

It is clear from the entire epistle especially from 1:1 5:12 that a considerable segment of the membership here addressed was in the process of yielding to the wishes of the Judaizers. Also, it is equally obvious (see 5:19, 21) that there were others who leaned in the exactly opposite direction, and were abusing the doctrine of grace, as if it implied a license to sin. Paul surely must have had a reason to dwell in such detail on the vices enumerated in the verses that follow. And finally, does not the fact that he knew so much about the conditions that prevailed in these churches indicate that he must have had close friends there, who shared his views, were infected neither with legalism nor with libertinism, and were his informers? Does it not seem reasonable, therefore, to believe that, at least to some extent, there were parties or factions in these churches? Besides, as Ramsay points out, older rivalries, as between person and person, town and town, race and race, etc., may not have been completely and immediately eliminated with the coming of Christianity to these parts.

Of course, it is not necessary or even reasonable to suppose that all the Galatians were engaged in internecine strife. If we accept the theory that at least some of the addressed were thus engaged, and that Paul writes as he does not only to prevent these quarrels from becoming more extensive and/or intensive, but also to put an end to them completely by urging the contending parties to adopt the more excellent way of love, have we not done justice to the meaning of his words? At any rate, the apostle shows how distressing, how mad it is that we, who are members of the same body, should be leagued together, of our own accord, for mutual destruction (Calvin).) What, then, is the remedy for this evil? Paul mentions it in these words: 16. But I say, walk by the Spirit,��159�� and you will definitely not fulfil the desire of the flesh.��160�� Let your conduct be governed by the Spirit, that is, by God s gift imparted to you (3:2, 5). If you follow his directions and promptings you will not be dominated by your human nature regarded as the seat and vehicle of sinful desire (as in 5:13), but instead will conquer it.

It takes the tender leaves of early springtime to rid the oak tree of the remnants of last autumn s withered foliage. It is only the living that can expel the dead. It is only the good that can push out the bad. See also on verse 13 above.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.7.25|AUTODETECT|”

Verse 16 clearly implies that there is a conflict between the Spirit and the flesh, therefore also between the believer s new, Spirit-indwelt, nature and his old, sinful, self. Hence, Paul continues: 17. for the flesh sets its desire against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh: for these are opposed to each other.& True, as long as one allows himself to be led by the Spirit he will definitely not fulfil the desire of the flesh, but how often does it not happen that the person in question does not allow the Spirit to be his Leader? And so, because the Spirit persists, a fierce conflict takes place inside the believer s heart. The antagonists are: the Spirit hence also the Spirit-indwelt new nature , on the one side; and on the other side: the flesh, that is, the old man of sin and corruption 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.7.25|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 7:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.4-45.8.9|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.4-45.8.9|AUTODETECT|”

8:4 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.12|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.12|AUTODETECT|”

12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.13|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.13|AUTODETECT|”

13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 2 2 8 0 0

In connection with this contest, note the following:) (1) The libertine experiences no such struggle at all, for he follows his natural inclinations.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.3.7|AUTODETECT|”

(2) The legalist, who is destined for grace and glory, having been reminded of his sinfulness by the law but for a while unwilling to accept grace, struggles and struggles but without achieving victory or experiencing the sense of certain, ultimate triumph. This condition lasts until grace finally breaks down all the barriers of opposition 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.3.7|AUTODETECT|”

Phil. 3:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

ff.).) 1 2 2 8 0 0

(3) The believer, while still on earth, experiences an agonizing conflict in his own heart, but in principle, has already gained the victory, as the very presence of the Holy Spirit in his heart testifies. In full measure this victory will be his portion in the hereafter; hence,) (4) For the redeemed-soul in glory the battle is over. He wears the victor s wreath.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.12|AUTODETECT|”

As to (3), therefore, the very wording of the text note: sets its desire against and are opposed to each other indicates the intensity of the lifelong tug of war. This shows that the Christian life means far more than stepping forward to register one s decision at a great revival meeting, after listening to a powerful, evangelical, and heart-warming message, and while one is under the influence of the singing of old familiar hymns by a massive choir. When, under such circumstances, the sudden change is genuine, it is wonderful, but it must be borne in mind that as a rule a sinner is not wholly saved all at once . He does not leap into heaven in one prodigious bound. On the contrary, he has to work out his own salvation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.12|AUTODETECT|”

Phil. 2:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.7.14-45.7.25|AUTODETECT|”

). This takes time, struggle, intense effort and exertion. He is his own most powerful enemy, as Paul proves by continuing: so that these very things which you may wish to be doing, these you are not doing. What a battle between the will and the deed! Paul, writing as a converted man 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.7.14-45.7.25|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 7:14 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.7.22|AUTODETECT|”

) and recording his present, state of grace experiences 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.7.22|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 7:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.7.25|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.7.25|AUTODETECT|”

25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.7.15|AUTODETECT|”

), complains bitterly about the fact that he practices that in which his soul no longer takes delight; in fact, practices that which his regenerated self hates 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.7.15|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 7:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.7.24|AUTODETECT|”

). He cries out, Wretched man that I am! Who will deliver me out of the body of this death? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.7.24|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 7:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.7.25|AUTODETECT|”

). Nevertheless, he is also fully aware of the fact that in the struggle between his own flesh and God s Spirit, the latter s victory hence also Paul s is certain; in fact, in principle is a fact even now. Would there have been this genuine, God-centered sorrow for sin, had not Paul been a truly converted man? Of course not! This very conflict, therefore, is a charter of the apostle s salvation. We are not surprised, therefore, that the exclamation Wretched man! & Who will deliver me? is followed by I thank God through Jesus Christ our Lord.& There is therefore now no condemnation to them that are in Christ Jesus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.7.25|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 7:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.1|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.1|AUTODETECT|”

8:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.15.57|AUTODETECT|”

; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.15.57|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 15:57) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.11-48.3.13|AUTODETECT|”

). Similarly here in Galatians the thought of victory through the Spirit is basic to the understanding of verse 18. But if you are being led by the Spirit you are not under law.��161�� Being under law spells defeat, bondage, the curse, spiritual impotence, for the law cannot save 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.11-48.3.13|AUTODETECT|”

Gal. 3:11 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.21-48.3.23|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.21-48.3.23|AUTODETECT|”

21 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.25|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.3.25|AUTODETECT|”

25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.4.3|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.4.3|AUTODETECT|”

4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.4.24|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.4.24|AUTODETECT|”

24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.4.25|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.4.25|AUTODETECT|”

25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.5.1|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.5.1|AUTODETECT|”

5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.3.17|AUTODETECT|”

). It takes the Spirit to set one free 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.3.17|AUTODETECT|”

II Cor. 3:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 3 2 8 0 0

Being Led by the Spirit) (1). Whom It Concerns) According to a rather popular view spiritual leading is the Spirit s gift to the select few, the holiest men, the flower of the flock. It is imparted to them to protect them from physical harm, especially while traveling, to deliver them from dangerous situations, and sometimes even to insure them success in their business enterprises.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.5.18|AUTODETECT|”

However, when, with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.5.18|AUTODETECT|”

Gal. 5:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

as our starting-point, we trace back the line of Paul s thinking, it becomes evident that this limitation of spiritual leading to a group of super-saints is completely foreign to his mind. Those who are being led by the Spirit (5:18) are the same as those who walk by the Spirit (5:16), and vice versa. Going back a little farther, we notice that these, in turn, are the ones who have been set free (5:1; 4:31, 26), who belong to Christ (3:29), and are of faith (3:9). All true believers, therefore, are being led by the Spirit.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.5.18|AUTODETECT|”

Moreover, the powerful influence that is being exercised upon and within them by the Spirit is not of a sporadic character, being, as it were, injected into their lives now and then in moments of great need or danger. On the contrary, it is steady, constant, as even the tense here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.5.18|AUTODETECT|”

Gal. 5:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

implies: they are being led by the Spirit. Even when they disobey the Spirit and they certainly do, as has just been set forth (verses 13 17) the Spirit does not leave them alone but works repentance within their hearts.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.14|AUTODETECT|”

This representation is in keeping with the only other truly parallel passage in Paul s epistles, namely, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.14|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 8:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

For as many as are being led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God. Here, too, being led by the Spirit is set forth as the indispensable characteristic of God s children. If a person is a child of God he is being led by the Spirit. If he is being led by the Spirit he is a child of God.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 (2). What It Is) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.26|AUTODETECT|” Before giving a positive answer to this question it may be well to point out what is not meant by being led by the Spirit. Naturally, it cannot refer to being governed by one s own sinful impulses and inclinations, nor to being easily led into waywardness by evil companions. Also definitely excluded here is the idea of those moral philosophers, ancient and modern, who hold that in every man there is a higher and a lower nature, and that each human being has within himself the power of causing the former to triumph over the latter. This idea is excluded even if for no other reason than this, that throughout, in Paul s teaching, the Holy Spirit is a distinct person, of one substance with the Father and the Son. He is not our other or better self. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.26|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.27|AUTODETECT|”

27. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.10|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.13.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.13.14|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 13:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . This also shows that, strictly speaking, being led by the Spirit cannot even be identified with the triumph of the new man (the regenerated nature) within us over the old man (our corrupt nature, not yet fully destroyed). That victory and that implied struggle are certainly very real; yet they are not in and by themselves what is meant by being led by the Spirit, but are rather the result of the Spirit s active indwelling. They are certainly implied, but are not basic.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 What then does the leading of the Spirit to change from the passive to the active voice, for the sake of the definition actually mean? It means sanctification. It is that constant, effective, and beneficent influence which the Holy Spirit exercises within the hearts of God s children whereby they are being directed and enabled more and more to crush the power of indwelling sin and to walk in the way of God s commandments, freely and cheerfully.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.13|AUTODETECT|” By so defining it extremes are avoided. Thus, on the one hand, to be led by the Spirit means more than to be guided by him, though, to be sure, the Spirit is also our Guide 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.13|AUTODETECT|” John 16:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.14|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.14|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 15:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.39|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.39|AUTODETECT|” Luke 6:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.8.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.8.31|AUTODETECT|” Acts 8:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.7.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.7.17|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 7:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.18|AUTODETECT|” ). But the very fact that, according to the passage now under consideration 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.18|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.40|AUTODETECT|” ), the enslaving power of the law has been broken for all those who are being led by the Spirit, indicates that this leadership which the Spirit provides implies more than pointing out the right way. It reminds us not so much of the Indian guide who pointed out to the pioneer white explorers the pass through the Rockies, as of the blind man of Jericho who was led to Jesus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.40|AUTODETECT|” Luke 18:40) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.2|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.2|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 21:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.34|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.28|AUTODETECT|” John 18:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.12|AUTODETECT|” Acts 6:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.2|AUTODETECT|” 9:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Merely pointing out the way to him would not have helped him. When the Holy Spirit leads believers he becomes the controlling influence in their lives, bringing them at last to glory.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.21|AUTODETECT|” On the other hand, however, this representation also steers clear of the opposite extreme, that of denying human responsibility and activity. The blind man of Jericho was not carried or borne 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.21|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.12|AUTODETECT|” ) to Jesus, but did his own walking. Warfield has said very aptly: It is his [the Holy Spirit s] part to keep us in the path and to bring us at length to the goal. But it is we who tread every step of the way; our limbs that grow weary with the labor; our hearts that faint, our courage that fails our faith that revives our sinking strength, our hope that instills new courage into our souls as we toil over the steep ascent (The Power of God unto Salvation, p. 172). Being led by the Holy Spirit, to be fully effective, implies that one allows himself to be led. As to the interrelation of these two factors the believers self-activity and God s (the Holy Spirit s) leading , Paul s own Spirit-inspired statement cannot be improved upon: With fear and trembling continue to work out your own salvation; for it is God who is working in you both to will and to work for his good pleasure 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.12|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.13|AUTODETECT|”
28. 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; and see N.T.C. on that passage).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 (3). Its Blessed Results) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.1|AUTODETECT|” a. Those who are being led by the Spirit breathe the exhilarating and invigorating air of moral and spiritual freedom. Being no longer under law s bondage, they obey God s precepts with gladness of heart 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.18|AUTODETECT|”
29. 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 b. They detest and vigorously oppose the works of the flesh (5:17, 19 21, 24).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.22|AUTODETECT|” c. They love the Word (whose very Author is the Spirit) and the Triune God revealed therein in all his marvelous attributes 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.22|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 7:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.119.0|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.119.0|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 119) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.14|AUTODETECT|” John 16:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.22|AUTODETECT|” d. The fruit of the Spirit abounds in their lives 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.22|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.23|AUTODETECT|”
30. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.2|AUTODETECT|” 6:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.8-48.6.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.8-48.6.10|AUTODETECT|” 8 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.18|AUTODETECT|” e. This enhances their freedom of access in approaching the throne of grace 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.18|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.2|AUTODETECT|”
31. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.14-58.4.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.14-58.4.16|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 4:14 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.5-61.1.11|AUTODETECT|” f. It also goes hand in hand with the testimony of the Spirit in their hearts, assuring them that they are children of God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.5-61.1.11|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:5 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.16|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.16|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.8|AUTODETECT|” g. Finally, it (the fruit of the Spirit abounding in their lives) greatly strengthens their testimony to the world, all this to the glory of God Triune 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.8|AUTODETECT|” Acts 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.26|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.26|AUTODETECT|” John 15:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.27|AUTODETECT|”
32. 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 19 21. The various ways in which the desire of the flesh (verse 17) manifests itself are now set forth. With the majority of commentators I hold that the apostle mentions the particular vices in the list that follows because they needed to be mentioned. In other words, the Galatians had not as yet gained a complete victory over these evils, though here as always the degree of success must have varied with the individual.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.18-45.1.32|AUTODETECT|” The list which follows may be compared with similar ones in Paul s other epistles 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.18-45.1.32|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:18 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.13|AUTODETECT|” 13:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.5.9-46.5.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.5.9-46.5.11|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 5:9 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.9|AUTODETECT|” 6:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.10|AUTODETECT|”
33. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.20|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 12:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.21|AUTODETECT|”
34. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.19|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.3-49.5.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.3-49.5.5|AUTODETECT|” 5:3 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.5-51.3.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.5-51.3.9|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:5 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.3|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.3-52.4.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.3-52.4.7|AUTODETECT|” 4:3 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.9|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.10|AUTODETECT|”
35. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” 6:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.5|AUTODETECT|”
36. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.2-55.3.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.2-55.3.5|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:2 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.3|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.9|AUTODETECT|”
37. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.10|AUTODETECT|”
38. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.19|AUTODETECT|” ). Striking, for example, is the similarity (note, however, also the differences) between ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.19|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.20|AUTODETECT|”
39. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.20|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.20|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 12:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.21|AUTODETECT|”
40. 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Whether there were factors other than identity of authorship (for example, already existing lists) that account for this and similar resemblances is difficult to ascertain. Paul writes: Now obvious hence undeniable, self-evident as vices are the works of the flesh, which are: immorality, impurity, indecency, idolatry, sorcery,��162�� quarrels, wrangling, jealousy, outbursts of anger, selfish ambitions, dissensions, party intrigues, envyings, drinking bouts, revelries, and the like.& ) 1 6 2 8 0 0 There are fifteen items in the list. In content there is, of course, considerable overlapping. Thus, while each of the three vices immorality, impurity, and indecency, has a distinct meaning, yet the three have something in common, namely, departure from the will of God in the matter of sex. And so it is also with the other items in the list.) The first three vices, accordingly, are in the realm of sex. The next two pertain to false gods. There follow eight that have to do with strife.

The last two indicate abuses in the sphere of drink. Or, dropping these monosyllables, the fifteen items can be grouped as follows:) Immorality and kindred evils; hence, immorality, impurity, indecency) Idolatry and the sin associated with it; hence, idolatry, sorcery) Rivalry: quarrels, wrangling, jealousy, outbursts of anger, selfish ambitions, party intrigues, envyings) Inebriety: drinking bouts, revelries.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.5.1|AUTODETECT|”

First on the list, then, is immorality, a term which in Paul s writings is used also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.5.1|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.6.13|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.6.13|AUTODETECT|”

6:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.6.18|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.6.18|AUTODETECT|”

18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.7.2|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.7.2|AUTODETECT|”

7:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.12.21|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.12.21|AUTODETECT|”

II Cor. 12:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.5.3|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.5.3|AUTODETECT|”

Eph. 5:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.3.5|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.3.5|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 3:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.4.3|AUTODETECT|”

; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.4.3|AUTODETECT|”

I Thess. 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.5.1|AUTODETECT|”

. It refers basically to unlawful sexual intercourse. It probably includes illicit, clandestine relationships of every description. Evil in the sexual realm was, and is today, a characteristic feature of life apart from Christ. In paganism it is often closely associated with idolatry. That even among those who had turned to Christ it was not unheard of is clear from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.5.1|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.12.21|AUTODETECT|”

ff. Closely associated with immorality, impurity 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.12.21|AUTODETECT|”

II Cor. 12:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.4.19|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.4.19|AUTODETECT|”

Eph. 4:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.5.3|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.5.3|AUTODETECT|”

5:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.3.5|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.3.5|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 3:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.2.3|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.2.3|AUTODETECT|”

I Thess. 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.4.7|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.4.7|AUTODETECT|”

4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.13.13|AUTODETECT|”

) is mentioned next. It is a very comprehensive concept, and includes not only uncleanness in deeds but also in words, thoughts, and desires of the heart. Indecency or licentiousness 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.13.13|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 13:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.12.21|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.12.21|AUTODETECT|”

II Cor. 12:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.4.19|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.4.19|AUTODETECT|”

Eph. 4:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

) emphasizes the lack of self-control that characterizes the person who gives free play to the impulses of his sinful nature.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.10.14|AUTODETECT|”

The next group begins with the mention of idolatry. As the other passages in which Paul uses the word indicate 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.10.14|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 10:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.3.5|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.3.5|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 3:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.8.9|AUTODETECT|”

), it refers not only to the worship of images as such but also to any evil practice in connection with such worship; for example, to eating meats that had been offered to idols, when conscience forbids this, and, in fact, to the substitution of anything at all for the adoration of the true God who has revealed himself in Jesus Christ. Thus, greed, too, is idolatry, for by means of it a person has substituted self for God. Closely associated with idolatry is sorcery. The Greek word is pharmakeia; cf. our pharmacy. Though basically pharmakeia is a term without moral implications, it is not difficult to understand how particularly in an unscientific age a mixer of drugs could be or could be viewed as being a magician. Pharmakeia, accordingly, is used here in the sense of sorcery, by means of which mysterious powers were erroneously ascribed to certain articles, formulas, or incantations 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.8.9|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 8:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.13.8|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.13.8|AUTODETECT|”

13:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.19.13|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.19.13|AUTODETECT|”

19:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.19.19|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.19.19|AUTODETECT|”

19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.9.21|AUTODETECT|”

). The sorcerer generally claimed to have access to this or that super-human power by means of which he plied his trade. The apostle uses the word sorcery or magic only in this one instance. See, however, also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.9.21|AUTODETECT|”

Rev. 9:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.18.23|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.18.23|AUTODETECT|”

18:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.7.11|AUTODETECT|”

; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.7.11|AUTODETECT|”

Exod. 7:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.7.22|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.7.22|AUTODETECT|”

22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.8.14|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.8.14|AUTODETECT|”

8:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.47.9|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.47.9|AUTODETECT|”

Isa. 47:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.47.12|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.47.12|AUTODETECT|”

12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.21.8|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.21.8|AUTODETECT|”

Rev. 21:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.22.15|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.22.15|AUTODETECT|”

22:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

. When faith in magic replaces trust in God it is exposed as a form of idolatry.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.2.16|AUTODETECT|”

The third is the largest group and refers to rivalry of the baser sort. The reason why so much prominence is given to this category of sinful practices has been stated above (see on verse 15). The list begins with quarrels. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.2.16|AUTODETECT|”

Eph. 2:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.1.29|AUTODETECT|”

where the singular occurs in the sense of hostility. Next is wrangling��163�� 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.1.29|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 1:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.13.13|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.13.13|AUTODETECT|”

13:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.12.20|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.12.20|AUTODETECT|”

II Cor. 12:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.1.15|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.1.15|AUTODETECT|”

Phil. 1:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|”

I Tim. 6:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=56.3.9|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=56.3.9|AUTODETECT|”

Titus 3:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.11|AUTODETECT|”

), which, for example, occurs when people begin to choose sides, and each of the wranglers fairly worships his hero 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.11|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.12|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.12|AUTODETECT|”

12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.3.3|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.3.3|AUTODETECT|”

3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.13.13|AUTODETECT|”

). Something of this nature may have occurred also in Galatia, as was suggested previously. Jealousy��164�� is mentioned in connection with strife also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.13.13|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 13:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.3.3|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.3.3|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.12.20|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.12.20|AUTODETECT|”

II Cor. 12:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.2.8|AUTODETECT|”

.��165�� Psychologically the two wrangling and jealousy go together, for what started out as intense devotion to a leader, so that every other name is immediately dismissed amid much wrangling, degenerates into a jealous craving to retain the feeling of closeness to that leader, to possess him, as it were, and to enhance his prestige come what may. In such a context outbursts of anger or fiery flashes of rage, when a rival s name is mentioned, are natural. The men who are guilty of this vice pant with fury 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.2.8|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.12.20|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.12.20|AUTODETECT|”

II Cor. 12:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.4.31|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.4.31|AUTODETECT|”

Eph. 4:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.3.8|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.3.8|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 3:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.2.8|AUTODETECT|”

). Though the people who engage in such practices may never be willing to admit it, yet it is a fact that such and similar sins are often rooted in selfish ambitions 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.2.8|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.12.20|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.12.20|AUTODETECT|”

II Cor. 12:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.1.17|AUTODETECT|”

). That such ambitions at times invade even the Christian ministry is shown in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.1.17|AUTODETECT|”

Phil. 1:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.3|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.3|AUTODETECT|”

2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.16.17|AUTODETECT|”

(see N.T.C. on these passages). Dissensions 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.16.17|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 16:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.11.19|AUTODETECT|”

) result when men are actuated by selfish motives, each craving honor for himself. Groups working and scheming against each other 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.11.19|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 11:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.1.29|AUTODETECT|”

factions ), hence party intrigues, come into existence when one member chooses the side of this, and another the side of that leader.��166�� The group of eight vices that can be summarized under the caption rivalry closes with envyings��167�� 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.29|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.15|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.3|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.14.30|AUTODETECT|” ). Paul has already mentioned jealousy. Whenever these two jealousy and envy are distinguishable, as here, the former can be defined as the fear of losing what one has, while the latter is the displeasure aroused by seeing someone else have something. One of the most soul-destroying vices is envy, an evil which, as the probable etymology of the Greek word implies, causes one to waste away. Has not envy been called that vice whose rage nothing can allay, the eldest born of hell ? Is it not the rottenness of the bones 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.14.30|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 14:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.13.4|AUTODETECT|” )? Our English word envy is from the Latin in-video, meaning to look against, that is, to look with ill-will at another person because of what he is or has. It was envy that caused the murder of Abel, threw Joseph into a pit, caused Korah, Dathan, and Abiram to rebel against Moses and Aaron, made Saul pursue David, gave rise to the bitter words which the elder brother (in the Parable of the Prodigal Son) addressed to his father, and crucified Christ. Love never envies 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.13.4|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 13:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.13|AUTODETECT|” The fourth group denounces and warns against inebriety, that is drunkenness and the evils associated with it. The first member of this group is drinking bouts 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.13|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 13:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.34|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.34|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.13|AUTODETECT|” ). No doubt it refers to repeated manifestations of intemperance. The entire list of vices closes with revelries 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.13|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 13:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.4.3|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.10|AUTODETECT|” ). It should be distinctly noted that Scripture considers alcoholism to be a sin, not merely a disease. It states in words clear and simple that drunkards will not inherit the kingdom of heaven 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.6.10|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 6:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The last part of the verse which we are now considering speaks likewise. Though the disease aspect of this evil should, to be sure, be given its due, the responsibility aspect must not be ignored. Minimizing personal accountability has been the destroyer of several civilizations. Is not our own civilization in danger of being destroyed by it? As to the pagan revelries to which the apostle makes reference here, we see, as it were, the disorderly night-time procession of fellows parading through the streets, with their torches and songs honoring Bacchus.

The boisterous parade of half-drunks stops in front of the houses of friends, and the merry-making is protracted until the small hours of the morning. To practices such as these the Galatians, too, had been accustomed. When they turned to the Lord it must have seemed difficult for some of them to break off, once and for all, every association with this kind of a past.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The given list of vices is not meant to be exhaustive. It is representative, as is indicated by the words, and the like or and things like these. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.8|AUTODETECT|” Continued: of which I forewarn you, as I previously forewarned you, that those who indulge in such practices will not inherit the kingdom of God. It is clear from these words that to the Galatians Paul, during his visits, must have imparted a considerable amount of instruction, and this not only theological but also moral, the two being very closely related. This gives the lie to the charge of his opponents that he taught, Let us do evil, that good may come 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.8|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 3:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.1|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.1|AUTODETECT|” 6:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.11|AUTODETECT|” ). It should also be observed that although according to Paul s argumentation it is not possible to gain entrance to the kingdom of God by means of what were deemed to be good practices (law-works), it is definitely possible to shut oneself out by evil practices. A person must bid farewell to all the works of darkness. Otherwise he proves that he is not as yet walking in the light 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.11|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 6:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.20|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.7-49.5.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.7-49.5.11|AUTODETECT|” 5:7 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.119.19|AUTODETECT|” ). He must realize that even though he is in the world and has a mission to fulfil, he is not of the world, but is a sojourner or pilgrim on the earth 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.119.19|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 119:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Here, too, Paul has a message for every age, including the present, in which the complaint is often heard that the tenor of certain so-called Christian organizations is that of paganism on the basis of the creed. The constitution of the organization demands loyalty to the creed on the part of every member, and declares that all the activities must be carried on in harmony with Scripture as interpreted by this confession, but the facts of life tell an altogether different story, if published reports by those on the scene are reliable. Those who confess Jesus Christ as their Savior and Lord must bear in mind that far more worldly people read them than read the Bible 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.3.2|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 With a pastor s loving heart, therefore, Paul issues his warning that those who continue to indulge in their former evil habits will not inherit (see on 3:18) the kingdom of God: the new heaven and earth with all their glory.��168��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.44|AUTODETECT|” The works of the flesh have been reviewed. Over against these is now placed the fruit, that is, the organic, spontaneous product, of the Spirit, for it is only by means of the Spirit that the flesh can be conquered. It is the good that expels the evil. By no means does this representation cancel human responsibility. On the contrary, it is by means of the operation of the Spirit in the hearts of God s children that the latter become very active. But such activity is no longer slavery. It is the free, voluntary, and grateful response of hearts and lives to God for favors received 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.44|AUTODETECT|” Luke 6:44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.45|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.45|AUTODETECT|” 45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.0|AUTODETECT|” ). It is the natural expression of the new life, the life in the Spirit. It should also be noted that the apostle is not now speaking about extraordinary and temporary manifestations of the Spirit s power in the lives of certain individuals, special gifts (charismata), such as speaking in tongues 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.0|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), but rather about endowments bestowed upon all those who love the Lord. These endowments are here considered as a unit: the fruit, that is, the harvest.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Paul writes: 22, 23. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, meekness, self-control.& Perhaps the nine pleasing endowments can be divided into three groups, each group comprising three gifts. If this should be correct it is by no means certain! , the first group would refer to the most basic spiritual qualities: love, joy, peace. The next group would describe those virtues that reveal themselves in social relationships. We assume that it views believers in their various contacts with each other and with those who do not belong to their company: longsuffering, kindness, goodness. In the last group, though here especially there is room for a difference of opinion, the first item listed may well refer to the relation of believers to God and to his will as revealed in his Word: faithfulness or loyalty.

The second probably pertains to their contact with men: meekness. The last, to each believer s relation to himself, that is, to his own desires and passions: self-control.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.13.0|AUTODETECT|”

Mentioned at the very beginning of the first group is the greatest of the three greatest, namely, love 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.13.0|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.5.2|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.5.2|AUTODETECT|”

Eph. 5:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.3.14|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.3.14|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 3:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=62.3.14|AUTODETECT|”

). For this virtue see on 5:6 and 5:13 above. Not only Paul but also John assigns priority to this grace of self-giving 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=62.3.14|AUTODETECT|”

I John 3:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=62.4.8|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=62.4.8|AUTODETECT|”

4:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=62.4.19|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=62.4.19|AUTODETECT|”

19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=60.4.8|AUTODETECT|”

). And so does Peter 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=60.4.8|AUTODETECT|”

I Peter 4:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.13.1|AUTODETECT|”

). In this they clearly followed the example that was given by Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.13.1|AUTODETECT|”

John 13:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.13.34|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.13.34|AUTODETECT|”

34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.17.26|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.17.26|AUTODETECT|”

17:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.119.16|AUTODETECT|”

). Although, as these passages indicate, it is hardly legitimate strictly to limit this basic virtue to love for the brethren, yet, on the other hand, in the present context (over against quarrels, wrangling, jealousy, etc., and see also verse 14) the reference may well be especially to this mutual affection. When love is present, joy cannot be far behind, for has not the author told us that love is the law s fulfilment, and does not the doing of God s law bring delight 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.119.16|AUTODETECT|”

Ps. 119:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.119.24|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.119.24|AUTODETECT|”

24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.119.35|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.119.35|AUTODETECT|”

35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.119.47|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.119.47|AUTODETECT|”

47) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.119.70|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.119.70|AUTODETECT|”

70) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.119.174|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.119.174|AUTODETECT|”

174) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.28|AUTODETECT|”

)? Moreover, the truth of this statement becomes even clearer when it is borne in mind that the ability to observe this divine ordinance of love is God s gift, being an element in that wonderful salvation which in his great love he has freely bestowed upon his children. Moreover, since all things work together for good to those that love God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.28|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 8:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.27.35|AUTODETECT|”

), it is evident that believers can rejoice even amid the most distressing circumstances, as Paul himself proved again and again 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.27.35|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 27:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.6.10|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.6.10|AUTODETECT|”

II Cor. 6:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.1.12|AUTODETECT|”

as sorrowful, yet always rejoicing ; 12:9; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.12|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.1.13|AUTODETECT|”

13. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.11|AUTODETECT|” 4:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.6-55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.6-55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:6 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.8|AUTODETECT|” ). Their gladness, moreover, is not that of the world, a mirth which is superficial and fails to satisfy the deepest needs of the soul, but is a joy unspeakable and full of glory 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.8|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.119.165|AUTODETECT|” ), and a foretaste of the radiant raptures that are still in store for Christ s followers. Peace, too, is a natural result of the exercise of love, for Great peace have they that love thy law 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.119.165|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 119:165) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.29.11|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.29.11|AUTODETECT|” 29:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.37.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.37.11|AUTODETECT|” 37:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.85.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.85.8|AUTODETECT|” 85:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ). This peace is the serenity of heart that is the portion of all those who, having been justified by faith 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.9|AUTODETECT|” ), yearn to be instruments in the hand of God in causing others to share in their tranquility. Hence, the peace-possessor becomes, in turn, a peace-maker 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.9|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ). Moreover, the one who is truly conscious of this great gift of peace which he has received from God as a result of Christ s bitter death on the cross, will, within the Christian fellowship, make every effort to preserve the unity imparted by the Spirit by means of the bond (consisting in) peace 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.3|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.4|AUTODETECT|” The mention of peace is, as it were, a natural link between the first and the second group, for this virtue is often contrasted with strife among men, and this second group describes those virtues which believers reveal in their contacts with each other and with other men. The first of the Spirit s gifts mentioned in this second group is longsuffering. It characterizes the person who, in relation to those who annoy, oppose, or molest him, exercises patience. He refuses to yield to passion or to outbursts of anger. Longsuffering is not only a human but also a divine attribute, being ascribed to God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.22|AUTODETECT|” 9:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ) and to Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.16|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.6|AUTODETECT|” ) as well as to man 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.6|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 6:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.2|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.12|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.13|AUTODETECT|”
14. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.2|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.2|AUTODETECT|” ). As a human attribute it is inspired by trust in the fulfilment of God s promises 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.2|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.8|AUTODETECT|”
15. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.12|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 6:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.6|AUTODETECT|” ). Emphasis on this virtue was greatly needed by the Galatians, who, as has been shown, were probably being torn by strife and the party spirit. Besides, longsuffering is a mighty weapon over against the hostility of the world in its attitude toward the church. Hand in hand with this virtue goes kindness. It is mildness, benignity. The early Christians by means of it commended themselves to others 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.6|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 6:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.4|AUTODETECT|” ). This endowment, as exercised by believers, is a faint reflection of the primordial kindness manifested by God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.22|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.22|AUTODETECT|” 11:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.43-40.5.48|AUTODETECT|” ). We are, moreover, admonished to become like him in this respect 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.43-40.5.48|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:43 48) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.27-42.6.38|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.27-42.6.38|AUTODETECT|” Luke 6:27 38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.13-41.10.16|AUTODETECT|” ). The Gospels contain numerous illustrations of Christ s kindness shown to sinners. To mention but a few, see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.13-41.10.16|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:13 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.11-42.7.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.11-42.7.17|AUTODETECT|” Luke 7:11 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.1-43.8.11|AUTODETECT|” ; 36 50; 8:40 56; 13:10 17; 18:15 17; 23:34; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.1-43.8.11|AUTODETECT|” John 8:1 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.25-43.19.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.25-43.19.27|AUTODETECT|” 19:25 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Goodness, which completes this group, is Spirit-created moral and spiritual excellence of every description. Perhaps in the present connection, being mentioned after kindness, it could refer especially to generosity of heart and action.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.4.21|AUTODETECT|” Finally, the apostle mentions the three graces that conclude the entire summary. First is faithfulness. The word that is used in the original is often properly rendered faith. However, here occurring after kindness and goodness, the rendering faithfulness would seem to strike a more consonant harmony. It means loyalty, fidelity. Since in this very letter Paul complains about the lack of loyalty toward himself which had become evident in the conduct of many of the Galatians (4:16), we can see that mentioning this virtue was definitely in order.

However, in the final analysis it was not so much disloyalty to himself as to the gospel hence, to God and his Word that, to a considerable extent, had been lacking, as is evident from 1:6 9; 3:1; 5:7. Faithfulness to God and to his will is, accordingly, the virtue which, in all probability, Paul is here commending as a gift of the Spirit. This, however, does not exclude but includes loyalty toward men. In connection with the preceding context, which speaks of strife in its various manifestations (see verses 20, 21), it would seem to be proper here to interpret the next item, namely, meekness, as gentleness toward one another and toward all men. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.21|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 4:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.29|AUTODETECT|” . Also this virtue reminds one of Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.1|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 10:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.5|AUTODETECT|” ). Meekness is the very opposite of vehemence, violence, and outbursts of anger. The final virtue which Paul mentions, and by implication commends, is self-control, a relation of the self to the self. The person who is blessed with this quality possesses the power to keep himself in check, which is the meaning of the word that is used in the original. The previous mention of immorality, impurity, and indecency, among the vices (verse 19), shows that it was very appropriate to list self-control as an opposing virtue. Of course, the reference is to other things besides sex. Those who truly exercise this virtue compel every thought to surrender itself in obedience to Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.10.5|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 10:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Continued: against such there is no law. Since Paul has just completed a list of virtues, which are things, not people, it is natural to interpret his words as meaning: against such things such virtues there is no law. Grammar does not forbid this construction. It is also evident that, as was true with respect to the vices, so also this list of virtues is representative. By no means every item of Christian excellence is included in the list. Hence, Paul says, against such.

By saying that there is no law against such things he is encouraging every believer to manifest these qualities, in order that, by so doing, the vices may be annihilated.) The incentive to exhibit these fine traits of character was furnished by Christ, for it is out of gratitude to him that believers adorn their conduct with them. The example, too, in connection with all of them, was given by him. And the virtues themselves, as well as the strength to exercise them, are imparted by his Spirit.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.16|AUTODETECT|” Though Paul has called the enumerated virtues the fruit of the Spirit, he now shifts the emphasis from the Spirit to Christ. That he is able to do this so readily is due to the fact that when the Spirit occupies the heart, so does Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.16|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.9|AUTODETECT|” ). Christ and the Spirit cannot be separated. In the Spirit Christ himself inhabits the inner selves of believers 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.9|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.26|AUTODETECT|” ). Was not the Spirit given by Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.26|AUTODETECT|” John 15:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.3.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.3.17|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 3:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 )? The reason for the shift in emphasis is that the apostle is going to remind the Galatians of the fact that they have crucified the flesh. This, of course, immediately rivets the attention upon Christ and his cross. So Paul continues: 24. And those who believe in Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires. Christ Jesus had been openly displayed to them as the One who had been crucified for their sins (3:1).

They had seen his amazing love and along with it they had learned to recognize the horrible nature of their sins which had required such a death. And they themselves had accepted this crucified Savior as their own, had reposed their trust in him, and through union with him had made a definite break with the flesh, their old, evil nature. By God s grace they had administered the death-blow to it. They, like Paul, had been crucified with Christ (see on 2:20). Let them therefore be what they are. Let them be in practice what they are in principle, for in principle they had crucified their old human nature, together with its sinful yearnings, whether these be viewed more passively as passions (probably the evil promptings working within their subconsciousness) or actively as desires (the wicked cravings which they consciously support and enliven).��169��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.42.2|AUTODETECT|” Because of the supreme importance of living a consistent Christian life, that is, of being in practice what one is already in principle, this thought is now rephrased as follows: 25. If we live by the Spirit, by the Spirit let us also walk. This translation, favored also by A.R.V., is better than the one that is found in A.V., R.S.V., N.E.B., and others. It preserves the chiastic structure of the original. The phrases by the Spirit, by the Spirit are in the center, and thus receive the strongest emphasis. Nevertheless, by means of placing the words if we live at the very beginning of the sentence, and the words let us also walk at the very close, the contrast between living and walking, as these terms are here employed, is brought out with full force.

Meaning: If the source of our life is the Spirit, the Spirit must also be allowed to direct our steps, so that we make progress, advancing step by step toward the goal of perfect consecration to the Lord. This walking by the Spirit is the only way to administer the finishing touch to that which has already been dealt a mortal blow. It is the only way to deal with the flesh along with its passions and desires. We should destroy the power of the negative by means of The Invincible Positive, the Holy Spirit. Continued: 26. Let us not become boasters, challenging one another, envying one another.

In other words, Let us neither brag about that which we have (or think we have), thereby calling forth equally pretentious swagger on the part of the person to whom we are speaking, nor grudge that other person what he has. Haughtiness and conceit, the know-it-all attitude, brutal aggressiveness, these ill become those who claim to be followers of him who was always showing the very opposite spirit 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.42.2|AUTODETECT|”

Isa. 42:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=38.9.9|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=38.9.9|AUTODETECT|”

Zech. 9:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.29|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.29|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 11:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.20.28|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.20.28|AUTODETECT|”

20:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.13.5|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.13.5|AUTODETECT|”

John 13:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.10.1|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.10.1|AUTODETECT|”

II Cor. 10:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.8|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.8|AUTODETECT|”

Phil. 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

). God does not approve of windbags. If there had not been a special need for this warning Paul undoubtedly would not have issued it. Paul s main idea, accordingly, is this: Allow the fruit of the Spirit to expel the works of the flesh!) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.5.0|AUTODETECT|”

Galatians 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

Seed Thoughts) 1 28 2 8 0 0 (one thought for each verse)) See Verse) 1. Freedom is a precious gift. It is also an immense responsibility.) 2. Christ is either our complete Savior or is not our Savior at all.) 3. Whoever would be saved by works must render perfect obedience to the whole law. Nothing less will do!) 4.

Those who would be saved by their good works have lost their hold on grace. Nevertheless, it is grace alone that saves.) 5. For the Christian it is true that the best is yet to be. ) 6. Faith without love is not true faith.) 7. Excelsior is the Christian s motto. He should allow no one to throw him off this course.) 8.

Consider the source! whenever anyone urges you to do that which is morally or spiritually questionable.) 9. An evil intention, if unchecked, leads to a shameful deed. A shameful deed, if unrepented of, becomes a bad habit. A bad habit, if not discarded, will grow into a depraved character, which, in turn, leads to perdition.) 10. Showing that you have confidence in a person, if you are at all able to do this with candor, is excellent psychology.) 11. The devil does not persecute those whom he already has captured.) 12.

Are we becoming so selfish that our cheeks no longer glow with indignation when harm is being done to those whom, supposedly, we love?) 13. True liberty is not the privilege to do whatever one s evil heart desires to do, but is the Spirit-imparted ability and desire to do what one should do.) 14. The Christian s law is love.) 15. Bitter (= biting) words harm the biter as well as the one bitten. They tend to destroy the fellowship.) 16. Overcome evil with good. ) 17.

Satan has a fifth column in our hearts. But the Holy Spirit also resides there. Hence, the conflict!) 18. A person enjoys true freedom when the Holy Spirit has taken the helm of the ship which bears him over the troubled sea of life.) 19. What today is often called sickness is by Scripture called obvious work of the flesh. ) 20. We should practice self-denial, not self-indulgence.) 21.

Private sins, such as jealousy and envy, are not any better than public sins, such as drinking bouts and revelries.) 22. Love heads the list of virtues.) 23. The true Christian is loyal to his God, gentle to his neighbor, and has himself under control, all this as the result of God s grace.) 24. Be in practice what you are (have confessed to be) in principle!) 25. You derive all your strength from the Spirit. Then let the Spirit lead you in every phase of your life and conduct.) 26.

Rude self-assertion is displeasing to the Lord.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.5|AUTODETECT|” 140 Other translations of verse 1, such as, Stand fast therefore in the liberty wherewith, Christ hath made us free (A.V.), though conveying the same meaning essentially, are not based upon the best text. Besides, in connection with the great central doctrines of salvation asyndetic expression is not uncharacteristic of Paul. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.5|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 b, By grace you have been saved. Such omission of conjunctions produces emphasis. With respect to the question whether, with some, we should adopt the rendering, For this freedom, or should favor the simple, For freedom, my answer would be that it is probably best to allow either translation, since although the abstract quality freedom has not been mentioned in the immediately preceding context, it has nevertheless been implied in the words, We are children of the free-woman. Translated either way, moreover, the close connection with the immediately preceding verses is clear. For the point of grammar see p. 145, footnote 105.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.19|AUTODETECT|” 141 The original uses a form of the verb ����; literally, to have or hold in. Thus it is used in connection with Herodias who had it in for John the Baptist 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.19|AUTODETECT|” Mark 6:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.53|AUTODETECT|” ), and in connection with the scribes and Pharisees who were (violently) enraged against Jesus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.53|AUTODETECT|” Luke 11:53) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). In connection with a yoke, the best translation is probably to be loaded down with or to be oppressed by. ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 142 It is important to note that this is a third class or future more vivid conditional sentence, implying that, considered from the viewpoint of human responsibility, the thing which Paul fears is possible, not that it necessarily has already occurred. On circumcision see N.T.C. on Colossians and Philemon, pp. 114 116, including footnote 85.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.2|AUTODETECT|” 143 Greek ����������� 2nd. person pl., aor. indic. passive of ��������. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.2|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 7:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 2 2 8 0 0 144 Greek ���������� 2nd. person pl. pres. indic. passive with conative force. See Gram.N.T., p. 880.) N.T.C. W. Hendriksen, New Testament Commentary) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.5|AUTODETECT|” 145 Thus also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.5|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 hope refers to the thing hoped for. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.5|AUTODETECT|” 146 For the reasons given I cannot accept the conclusion of Lenski (op. cit., pp. 256, 257) who refuses to interpret ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.5|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 as containing a reference to the Holy Spirit. To be sure the Spirit may not be a means that we use, but he may, nevertheless, very well be the Source of the exercise of our faith, hope, and love.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 147 On the title Christ Jesus in distinction from Jesus Christ see N.T.C. on I and II Timothy and Titus, p. 51, footnote 19.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.5|AUTODETECT|” 148 Moreover, also from the point of view of grammar this position is indefensible, for, in spite of articles that have been written in defense of the belief that ����������, here used, is in the passive voice, the theory which regards it as a middle is far more natural and in keeping with Paul s usage elsewhere: sinful passions are at work 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.5|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 7:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ); comfort or patience is at work 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.6|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.20|AUTODETECT|” ); so is also God s power 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.20|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 3:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ) and his word 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.13|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.7|AUTODETECT|” ); and also the mystery of lawlessness 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.7|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). In each of these cases the verbal form is a middle, not a passive.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 149 I consider Lenski s discussion of this subject (op. cit., pp. 259, 260) to be, on the whole, excellent. I have difficulty, however, with his statement, Faith is ever complete in itself. ) 150 As is clear from the textual evidence presented in N.N., this is the best text. The words ��������� (verse 7), �������� (verse 8), and ������� (verse 10), present a sound-similarity that is difficult to reproduce in English. An attempt would be: Who cut in on you so that you did not continue to be persuaded by (hence, to obey) the truth? This (new) persuasion of yours is not derived from him who is calling you.& I on my part am persuaded in the Lord, & ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.27|AUTODETECT|” 151 This is a first class conditional sentence, with �0 and the first per. pres. indic. active in the protasis; first per. pres. indic. passive in the apodosis. The sentence assumes the thought expressed in the protasis to be true, but in the present instance 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.27|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 12:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) only for the sake of the argument, to show how absurd the conclusion would be if the assumption in the protasis were true.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 152) There are those who think that Paul s hypothetical clause bears no relation to his controversy with the Judaizers. In support of their theory they state that the Judaizers could hardly have called such an alleged inconsistency as the circumcision of Timothy a preaching of circumcision. See Ridderbos, op. cit., p. 266. I believe Lenski answers this objection when he points out that, as the Judaizers saw it, Did Paul not thus preach circumcision by his own acts? He refers to such acts as circumcising Timothy and refusing to object when Jewish Christians chose to circumcise their male children, as long as no legalistic and Judaistic ideas were connected with such circumcisions.) Certainly one also preaches by means of his actions and refusals to act! Besides, the explanation which I, along with many others Berkhof, Burton, Lenski, Robertson, etc. accept, is also in harmony with the charge of duplicity which the Judaizers preferred against Paul (1:10).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.43|AUTODETECT|” 153 The text accepted by both N.N. and Grk.N.T. (A-B-M-W) has the third person pl. fut. indic. middle ����������. Some texts, including p46, favor the subjunctive -������, with very little difference in resultant meaning. The verb is used elsewhere in connection with the cutting off of a member of the body 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.43|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:43) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.45|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.45|AUTODETECT|” 45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.10|AUTODETECT|” John 18:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.26|AUTODETECT|” 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.27.32|AUTODETECT|” ) or of the ropes by which a boat is held 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.27.32|AUTODETECT|” Acts 27:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 10 2 8 0 0 A.V. Authorized Version (King James)) 154 See the entry ������� in L.N.T. (A. and G.), p. 92.) N.E.B. New English Bible) 155 Accordingly, the rendering here given is to be preferred to that of Lenski: by means of love slave for each other. On this point see also N.T.C. on Philippians, pp. 44, 109.) 156 The significance which Paul ascribes to love is evident from the fact that in his writings forms of the verb ����� occur more than thirty times, and of the noun ���� more than seventy times. For the difference between ����� and ����� see N.T.C. on the Gospel according to John, Vol. II, pp. 494 501.) 157 Thus Lenski, who states, We thus decline to accept the conclusion that biting and devouring were actually in progress among the Galatians at this time (op. cit., p. 278).

Rendall, op. cit., p. 186; and Ridderbos, op. cit., p. 202, express themselves more cautiously.) 158) This is the more general view. See, for example, the commentaries of Burton, Calvin, Duncan, Findlay, Greijdanus, and Ramsay. Duncan states, Paul tactfully puts the case hypothetically, but we may be sure that he believes that these conditions actually exist. ) Grammar does not help us to solve the puzzle. The condition here expressed is first class, assumed as true. The protasis has �0 with two pres. indic. verbs. The apodosis has ��������, first aor. passive subjunctive of ������� in a negative final clause.

Whether, in such a conditional sentence the condition actually corresponds with reality or whether it is a mere assumption, to show what would happen granted that the condition were real, must be established from the general context.) 159 Also here ������ refers to the Holy Spirit. Says Duncan, Throughout this passage it is important to remember that Paul is writing to Christians, i.e., to men who have received the Spirit of God (op. cit., p. 166). I believe this to be the correct position, and over against Lenski s rendering and exegesis (op. cit., pp. 278, 279) I would also refer to my interpretation of 5:5 above, including footnote 146 on p. 197. It seems to me that the only instances in Galatians of ������ in a sense other than Holy Spirit are 6:1: a spirit of gentleness, and 6:18: The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ (be) with your spirit, brothers. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.3|AUTODETECT|” 160 For a word-study of ������� see N.T.C. on I and II Timothy and Titus, pp. 271, 272, footnote 147; and for ���� see N.T.C. on Philippians, p. 77, footnote 55; also pp. 152, 153 on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.3|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 4 2 8 0 0 161 This is a first class conditional sentence. Accordingly, the thought expressed in the protasis is assumed to be a fact. Upon the presupposition that it is a fact the thought expressed in the apodosis is the truth. Whether the protasis states an actual fact, let each Galatian and let each hearer or reader down the centuries decide for himself, after thorough examination in the light of the Word. Note present tense: are being led. ) 162 Thus rendered, the first five, in addition to being true to the meaning of the Greek words, all end in -y, and the originals of these five all end in -��.) 163 The textual evidence favors the singular.) 164 Here, too, the textual evidence supports the singular rather than the plural.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.2|AUTODETECT|” 165 The resultant meaning of ����� in other Pauline passages is somewhat different. Thus, in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.2|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 10:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.7|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 7:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.9.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.9.2|AUTODETECT|” 9:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.6|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.2|AUTODETECT|” zeal is the preferred translation. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.2|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 11:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 refers to a godly jealousy.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.20|AUTODETECT|” 166 The party that becomes guilty of error in doctrine or ethics advocates heresy, which is the English form of the very word that is used in the original. But this was a later development of the meaning of the Greek word. Hence the rendering of heresies here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.20|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.5|AUTODETECT|” (A.V.) is an error. Though at first the term simply indicated a sect, as of the Pharisees 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.5|AUTODETECT|” Acts 15:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.5|AUTODETECT|” 26:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.17|AUTODETECT|” ) or of the Sadducees 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.17|AUTODETECT|” Acts 5:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.5|AUTODETECT|” ), with no odium attached, passages such as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.5|AUTODETECT|” Acts 24:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; 24:14 and 28:22 show its gradual tendency toward the meaning heretical sect. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.29|AUTODETECT|” 167 As the textual apparatus of N.N. clearly indicates, the addition (A.V.) of murders (�����) after envyings (������) rests on an inferior text. Perhaps it is due to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.29|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.10|AUTODETECT|” 168 In its broadest connotation the kingdom of God indicates God s kingship, rule, or sovereignty recognized in the hearts and operative in the lives of his people, and effecting their complete salvation, their constitution as a church, and ultimately a redeemed universe. However, in various passages now this, then that, aspect of the �������� (���) ���� is stressed. Thus, at times it is obedience to the rule of God upon which the emphasis falls: Thy kingdom come, thy will be done 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.10|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 6:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.21|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.21|AUTODETECT|” Luke 17:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.25|AUTODETECT|” ). Then again the main idea is complete salvation, i.e., all the spiritual blessings that result when God is recognized as King in heart and life: It is easier & than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God. And they said, Then who can be saved? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.25|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.26|AUTODETECT|” 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.18|AUTODETECT|” ). A third meaning is the community of men in whose hearts God is recognized as King. Here the terms kingdom of God and church begin to approach each other in meaning: And upon this rock will I build my church.& I will give to you the keys of the kingdom of heaven 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.18|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 16:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.34|AUTODETECT|” ). Finally, the term has reference to the final realization of God s saving power: the new heaven and earth with all their glory: Inherit the kingdom prepared for you 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.34|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). These four meanings are not separate or unrelated. They all proceed from the central idea of the rule of God, his supremacy in the sphere of saving power. For the theory according to which there is a sharp distinction between the kingdom of God and that of Christ see N.T.C. on Colossians and Philemon, p. 64, footnote 47.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 169 See N.T.C. on I and II Timothy and Titus, pp. 271, 272, especially footnote 147.) A.R.V. American Standard Revised Version) R.S.V. Revised Standard Version) Hendriksen, W., & Kistemaker, S. J. (1953-2001). Vol. 8: New Testament commentary : Exposition of Galatians. Accompanying biblical text is author’s translation. New Testament Commentary (190). Grand Rapids: Baker Book House.)