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Jeremiah 48:32 — Word Study

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WLCמִבְּכִ֨י יַעְזֵ֤ר אֶבְכֶּה־ לָּךְ֙ הַגֶּ֣פֶן שִׂבְמָ֔ה נְטִֽישֹׁתַ֙יִךְ֙ עָ֣בְרוּ יָ֔ם עַ֛ד יָ֥ם יַעְזֵ֖ר נָגָ֑עוּ עַל־ קֵיצֵ֥ךְ וְעַל־ בְּצִירֵ֖ךְ שֹׁדֵ֥ד נָפָֽל׃

BSAI will weepbâkâh [with intense sorrow, mourn deeply] O vinegephen [a grapevine] of SibmahSᵉbâm more than I weepBᵉkîy [lament, cry out] for JazerYaʻăzêyr [a city east of the Jordan] Your tendrilsnᵉṭîyshâh [long, thin branches] have extendedʻâbar [stretched, crossed over] to the seayâm [a large body of water, the Mediterranean] they reachnâgaʻ [touch, come to] [even] toʻad JazerYaʻăzêyr [a city originally Amorite] The destroyershâdad [one who ruins, devastates] has descendednâphal [fallen, come down] onʻal your summer fruitqayits [harvest, seasonal produce] and grape harvestbâtsîyr [vintage, time of gathering]

Word
Listen & take awayJeremiah 48
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 32 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (na.Fal) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Jeremiah 48:32quick helps
In a sentenceJeremiah expresses deep sorrow for Moab, particularly for the vine of Sibmah, lamenting its fate more than that of Jazer.
Who is speakingThe prophet Jeremiah, conveying God's message of mourning.
Where we areIn a prophetic lamentation about the destruction of Moab.
The hard wordשֹׁדֵד
Take awayThe imagery of a ruined harvest illustrates the devastation facing Moab.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectשָׁדַד verbבָּכָה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Jeremiah 48:32

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Lament for Moabgenerated

31Therefore I will wail for Moab; I will cry out for all of Moab; I will moan for the men of Kir-heres.
32I will weep for you, O vine of Sibmah, more than I weep for Jazer. Your tendrils have extended to the sea; they reach even to Jazer. The destroyer has descended on your summer fruit and grape harvest.
33Joy and gladness are removed from the orchard and from the fields of Moab. I have stopped the flow of wine from the presses; no one treads them with shouts of joy; their shouts are not for joy.
34There is a cry from Heshbon to Elealeh; they raise their voices to Jahaz, from Zoar to Horonaim and Eglath-shelishiyah; for even the waters of Nimrim have dried up.

Jeremiah 48:32 reveals the prophet's profound sorrow for the vine of Sibmah, a symbol of Moab's prosperity, as he mourns its destruction more than that of Jazer. This lamentation reflects the broader context of Moab's impending judgment and loss, as seen in the surrounding verses where Jeremiah expresses grief for the entire region. The imagery of the vine and its tendrils extending to the sea highlights the extent of Moab's former flourishing, now threatened by devastation.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Numbers 32:38as well as Nebo and Baal-meon (whose names were changed), and Sibmah. And they renamed the cities they rebuilt.
2Joshua 13:19Kiriathaim, Sibmah, Zereth-shahar on the hill in the valley,
3Isaiah 16:8–9For the fields of Heshbon have withered, along with the grapevines of Sibmah. The rulers of the nations have trampled its choicest vines, which had reached as far as Jazer and spread toward the desert. Their shoots had spread out and passed over the sea.
4Numbers 21:32After Moses had sent spies to Jazer, Israel captured its villages and drove out the Amorites who were there.
5Numbers 32:1–35Now the Reubenites and Gadites, who had very large herds and flocks, surveyed the lands of Jazer and Gilead, and they saw that the region was suitable for livestock.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word בְּכִי, mi.be.Khigenerated

The word בְּכִי (*bkiy*) translates to 'weeping' and conveys a strong emotional response, often associated with mourning. It is derived from a root that suggests overflowing tears, indicating continual sorrow. In this verse, it emphasizes the depth of Jeremiah's grief for Moab.

This word is a noun in construct state, indicating it is tied to the following noun, which in this case is the subject of Jeremiah's lament. The use of this term underscores the intensity of the prophet's emotional state as he reflects on the fate of the vine.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb אֶבְכֶּה (*'ev.keh*) governs the entire verse, indicating the action of weeping. It is followed by a series of phrases that elaborate on the subject of the lamentation, including the direct address to the vine of Sibmah and the comparative structure regarding Jazer.

The structure highlights the emotional weight of the lament, with the main clause expressing Jeremiah's sorrow, while the subsequent phrases provide context and detail about the vine and its fate.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates בְּכִי as κλαυθμὸν, which carries a similar meaning of weeping or lamentation. This choice reflects the translators' intent to convey the depth of sorrow in the original Hebrew.

The use of ὄλεθρος for שֹׁדֵד indicates a focus on destruction, aligning with the theme of devastation in this verse.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Jeremiah 48:32 expresses the prophet's sorrow for the vine of Sibmah, lamenting its fate more than that of Jazer. He describes how the tendrils of the vine have reached the sea, symbolizing its former abundance, now threatened by destruction. This reflects the broader context of Moab's impending judgment.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does Jeremiah mean by mourning for the vine of Sibmah?

Jeremiah's mourning for the vine of Sibmah symbolizes his grief for Moab's destruction and loss of prosperity, as the vine represents the people and their former abundance.

Why does Jeremiah compare his weeping for Sibmah to his weeping for Jazer?

The comparison highlights the depth of his sorrow for Sibmah, indicating that the loss of this vine is more poignant to him than the fate of Jazer, emphasizing the significance of the vine in the context of Moab's judgment.

What is the significance of the tendrils extending to the sea?

The tendrils extending to the sea symbolize the former prosperity and reach of Moab, illustrating how far the vine had flourished before its impending destruction.

What does the term 'destroyer' refer to in this context?

The 'destroyer' refers to the force or entity that will bring devastation to Moab, highlighting the seriousness of the impending judgment and loss.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How can I relate to the emotions expressed in this lamentation for Moab?
  2. What symbols of prosperity in my life might I need to reflect on when facing loss?
  3. In what ways can I express my sorrow for those who are suffering or facing destruction?
  4. How does understanding the historical context of Moab enhance my reading of this lament?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Jeremiah 48:32 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

O vine of Sibmah, I will weep for thee with the weeping of Jazer,.... Sibmah was a city in the land of Moab abounding with vines, but now should be destroyed; and Jazer another city in the same

Read John Gill on Jeremiah 48 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

O vine of Sibmah, I will weep for thee with the weeping of Jazer: thy plants are gone over the sea, they reach even to the sea of Jazer: the spoiler is fallen upon thy summer fruits and upon thy vintage.

Read Robert Jamieson on Jeremiah 48 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

We read of this vine of Sibmah also ,9. Both Sibmah and Jahaza were places in the portion of Reuben, ,19. Sibmah was doubtless a place famous in those days for vines and vineyards. This Jahaza or Jazer was, as it should seem, first taken and carried into captivity, which caused a great lamentation. The prophet foretells such a weeping for Sibmah as was for Jazer. By plants he means the inhabitants of Sibmah, which he prophesieth should be carried into captivity over the Dead Sea. As an aggravation of the judgment that should come upon them, God, by his prophet, tells them that the spoiler should come upon them in their vintage and harvest time.

Read Matthew Poole on Jeremiah 48 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Jeremiah 48:32 O vine of Sibmah, I will weep for thee with the weeping of Jazer: thy plants are gone over the sea, they reach [even] to the sea of Jazer: the spoiler is fallen upon thy summer fruits and upon thy vintage.Ver. 32. I will weep with thee for the weeping of Jazer.] Or, More than the weeping of Jazer - i.e., saith Junius, more largely and lamentably than Isaiah bewailed Jazer.

Read John Trapp on Jeremiah 48 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(32) O vine of Sibmah.—Here again we have an echo of Isa 16:9. Sibmah appears in Joshua 13:19 as assigned to the Reubenites, in the region east of Jordan. After that date it does not appear again till we find it in these prophetic notices. Jerome (Comm. in Isa. Jeremiah 5) names it as a strong city about half a mile from Heshbon, but its site has not been identified by modern travellers. It would appear from these notices to have been famous for vineyards that extended to Jazer. The city so named, identified with the modern Es Szir, had belonged to the Amorites (Numbers 21:32, there spelt Jaazer), and lay between Heshbon and Bashan, about fifteen miles north of the former city. It passed…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Jeremiah 48 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 32. O vine of Sibmah] See Clarke on Isaiah 16:8.

Read AdamClarke on Jeremiah 48 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

32. Based on Isaiah 16:8 f. With more than the weeping of Jazer] over its ruins, and wasted vineyards. But, by the slightest alteration of MT., we can obtain the reading in Is., viz. with the weeping of Jazer (so too LXX). O vine of Sibmah] Sibmah was two and a half miles W.N. W., and Jazer was ten miles N. of Heshbon. The grapes of the region of Heshbon are still said to be excellent. thy branches] thy tendrils. over the sea] to the W. shore of the Dead Sea. A hyperbolical metaphor to express the great luxuriance of Sibmah’s vines. the sea of Jazer] “Sea” is an accidental repetition from the previous clause. thy vintage] Isaiah, whose word differs only by a single letter, has “thy…

Read Cambridge on Jeremiah 48 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Or, “More than the weeping of Jazer” over its ruined vineyards “will I weep for thee, O vine of Sibmah.” Compare the marginal reference. Jazer lies in an upland valley about 15 miles north of Heshbon.

Read Albert Barnes on Jeremiah 48 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

I will weep for you, O vine of Sibmah, more than I weep for Jazer. Your tendrils have extended to the sea; they reach even to Jazer. The destroyer has descended on your summer fruit and grape harvest.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

With more than the weeping of Jazer I will weep for you, vine of Sibmah. Your branches passed over the sea. They reached even to the sea of Jazer. The destroyer has fallen on your summer fruits and on your vintage.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

I will weep for you, O vine of Sibmah, more than I weep for Jazer. Your tendrils have extended to the sea; they reach even to Jazer. The destroyer has descended on your summer fruit and grape harvest.

NETBNew English Translation2006

I will weep for the grapevines of Sibmah just like the town of Jazer weeps over them. Their branches once spread as far as the Dead Sea. They reached as far as the town of Jazer. The destroyer will ravage her fig, date, and grape crops.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

O vine of Sibmah, I will weep for thee with the weeping of Jazer: thy plants are gone over the sea, they reach even to the sea of Jazer: the spoiler is fallen upon thy summer fruits and upon thy vintage.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

With more than the weeping of Jazer will I weep for thee, O vine of Sibmah: thy branches passed over the sea, they reached even to the sea of Jazer: upon thy summer fruits and upon thy vintage the destroyer is fallen.

RVARevised Version, American1894

With more than the weeping of Jazer will I weep for thee, O vine of Sibmah: thy branches passed over the sea, they reached even to the sea of Jazer: upon thy summer fruits and upon thy vintage the spoiler is fallen.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

O vine of Sibmah, I will weep for thee with the weeping of Jazer: thy plants have gone over the sea, they reach even to the sea of Jazer: the spoiler hath fallen upon thy summer fruits and upon thy vintage.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

O vine of Sibmah, I will weepe for thee, as I wept for Iazer: thy plants are gone ouer the sea, they are come to the sea of Iazer: ye destroyer is fallen vpon thy somer fruites, and vpon thy vintage,

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

O vine of Sibmah, I will weep for thee with more than the weeping of Jaazer: thy shoots passed over the sea, they reached to the sea of Jaazer. The spoiler is fallen upon thy summer fruits and upon thy vintage.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

With the weeping of Jazer, I weep for thee, O vine of Sibmah, Thy branches have passed over a sea, Unto the sea of Jazer they have come, On thy summer fruits, and on thy harvest, A spoiler hath fallen.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

With the weeping of Jazer, I weep for you, O vine of Sibmah, || Your branches have passed over a sea, || They have come to the Sea of Jazer, || On your summer fruits, and on your harvest, || A spoiler has fallen.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

With the weeping of Ya'zer will I weep for thee, O vine of Sibmah; thy tendrils [once] passed over the sea, they reached as far as to the sea of Ya'zer: over thy summer-fruits and over thy vintage the waster is fallen.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

I will weep for you more than I did for Jazer, vine of Sibmah! Your branches passed across the Salt Sea and reached as far as Jazer. The destroyers have attacked your summer fruit and your wine.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

O vineyard of Sabama, I will weep for thee, with the mourning of Jazer: thy branches are gone over the sea, they are come even to the sea of Jazer: the robber hath rushed in upon thy harvest and thy vintage.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

will weep for you, people of the town of Sibmah with its vineyards, more than I weep for the town of Jazer. Your vines have spread to the sea, and all the way to Jazer. But the destroyer has stolen your harvest of summer fruit and grapes.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

My weeping for you, O vine of Sibmah, will be more than the weeping of Jazer: your branches have gone over the sea, stretching even to Jazer: destruction has come down on your summer fruits and your cut grapes.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalמִmorenoun phraseבְּכִ֨יthan.the.weepingיַעְזֵ֤רof.JazerverbאֶבְכֶּהI.will.weepprepositional phrase · prepositionalלָּforךְ֙youclausenoun phrasenoun phraseהַOגֶּ֣פֶןvineשִׂבְמָ֔הof.Sibmahclausenoun phrase · subjectנְטִֽישֹׁתַ֨יִtendrilsךְ֙yourverbעָ֣בְרוּthey.passed.overadverbialיָ֔ם[the].seaclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalעַ֛דtonoun phraseיָ֥םthe.seaיַעְזֵ֖רof.Jazerverbנָגָ֑עוּthey.reachedclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalprepositional phraseעַלonnoun phraseקֵיצֵ֥fruitךְyour.summerוְandprepositional phraseעַלonnoun phraseבְּצִירֵ֖harvestךְyour.grapesubjectשֹׁדֵ֥דa.destroyerverbנָפָֽלhe.has.fallen

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with the Septuagint preserving the emotional tone of the lament. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration but align closely with the Masoretic Text, indicating consistency in the transmission of this lament.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

מִבְּכִ֨י יַעְזֵ֤ר אֶבְכֶּה־ לָּךְ֙ הַגֶּ֣פֶן שִׂבְמָ֔ה נְטִֽישֹׁתַ֙יִךְ֙ עָ֣בְרוּ יָ֔ם עַ֛ד יָ֥ם יַעְזֵ֖ר נָגָ֑עוּ עַל־ קֵיצֵ֥ךְ וְעַל־ בְּצִירֵ֖ךְ שֹׁדֵ֥ד נָפָֽל׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
מִבְּכִ֨יκλαυθμὸνיַעְזֵ֤רιαζηρאֶבְכֶּה־ἀποκλαύσομαίלָּךְ֙σοιהַגֶּ֣פֶןἄμπελοςשִׂבְמָ֔הσεβημαנְטִֽישֹׁתַ֙יִךְ֙σουעָ֣בְרוּδιῆλθενיָ֔םθάλασσανיַעְזֵ֖רιαζηρנָגָ֑עוּἥψαντοעַל־ἐπὶקֵיצֵ֥ךְσουוְעַל־ἐπὶבְּצִירֵ֖ךְσουשֹׁדֵ֥דὄλεθροςנָפָֽל׃ἐπέπεσεν

17 of the 19 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 2Q13a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

מבכי יעזר אבכה ל׳ך גפן שבמה נטישותי׳ך [עברו] [ים] [עד] [ים] יעזר נגעו ועל קיצ׳ך ועל [בציר׳ך] [שודד] [נפל]

7 words on the leather — 5 partly restored, 7 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Jeremiah 48:32בְּכִיmore than [more than [the]בְּכִייַעְזֵרJazerJazerיַעְזֵרבָּכָהI will weepI will weepבָּכָהךְfor youfor youךְגֶּ֫פֶןO vine ofO vine ofגֶּ֫פֶןשְׂבָםSibmahSibmahשְׂבָםנְטִישָׁהtendrils yotendrils yourנְטִישָׁהעָבַרthey passedthey passed oveעָבַריָם[the] sea[the] seaיָםעַדtotoעַדיָם[the] sea o[the] sea ofיָםיַעְזֵרJazerJazerיַעְזֵרנָגַעthey reachethey reachedנָגַעעַלononעַלקַ֫יִץsummer fruisummer fruit yoקַ֫יִץעַלand onand onעַלבָּצִירgrape harvegrape harvest yבָּצִירשָׁדַדa destroyera destroyerשָׁדַדנָפַלhe has fallhe has fallenנָפַלעָזַרto helpto helpעָזַרבָּכָהto weepto weepבָּכָהבֹּ֫שֶׂםspicespiceבֹּ֫שֶׂםנָטַשׁto leaveto leaveנָטַשׁעַלheightheightעַלקַ֫יִץto summerto summerקַ֫יִץבָּצַרto gather/to gather/restrבָּצַרעַדperpetuityperpetuityעַדפָּלַלto prayto prayפָּלַלבְּכִיweepingweepingבְּכִישְׂבָםSibmahSibmahשְׂבָםסוּףreedreedסוּףפֵּאָהsidesideפֵּאָהכִּפֶּרto atoneto atoneכִּפֶּרכִּסֵּאthronethroneכִּסֵּאלוּחִיתLuhithLuhithלוּחִיתמִסְפֵּדmourningmourningמִסְפֵּדתְּאֵנָהfigfigתְּאֵנָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Jeremiah 48:32

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
מִבְּכִ֨יmi.be.Khi more than [the] weeping of H1065 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
30× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means weeping or crying, and is used to describe a strong emotional response, such as overflowing tears or continual sorrow. It is often used in the Bible to describe a time of mourning.
Amplified meaning
lament, cry out
Tyndale gloss
weeping
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word בְּכִי (*bkiy*) means 'weeping' and is derived from a root that suggests a sense of dripping or overflowing. It covers the concept of continual weeping or sorrow. The entries consistently define it as a noun related to the act of weeping.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בְּכִי n.m. weeping

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1065 בְּכִי weeping

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1065 Bkiy bek-ee'

from 1058; a weeping; by analogy, a dripping:--overflowing,

X sore, (continual) weeping, wept.

see HEBREW for 01058

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בְּכִי (be.khi) — weeping.

a weeping, weeping

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
יַעְזֵ֤רya'.Zer Jazer H3270 Noun proper
13× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Jazer was a city east of the Jordan River, in the territory of Gad, and was originally an Amorite city. The name Jazer means helped and it is mentioned in the Bible as a Levitical city.
Amplified meaning
a city east of the Jordan
Tyndale gloss
(Sea of) Jazer
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יַעְזֵר (Ya`azeyr) refers to Jazer or Jaazer, a location east of the Jordan River, associated with the tribe of Gad. The name is derived from a root meaning 'helpful.' It is noted as a Levitical city and was originally an Amorite city, though its exact site remains uncertain.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יַעְזֵר and יַעְזֵיר n.pr.loc. E. of Jordan

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3270 יַעְזֵר and יַעְזֵיר E. of Jordan

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3270 Ya`azeyr yah-az-ayr'

or Yazer {yah-zare'}; from 5826; helpful; Jaazer or Jazer, a

place East of the Jordan:--Jaazer, Jazer.

see HEBREW for 05826

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יַעְזֵר (ya.a.zer) — Jazer.

§ Jazer or Jaazer = "helped"

a Levitical city east of the Jordan, in Gilead in the territory of Gad, formerly an Amorite city; site uncertain

יַעְזֵר (ya.a.zer) — (Sea of) Jazer.

§ Jazer or Jaazer = "helped"

a Levitical city east of the Jordan, in Gilead in the territory of Gad, formerly an Amorite city; site uncertain

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ja'-zer (ya`zer or ya`zeyr; Septuagint Iazen in Codex Alexandrinus; Iazer): In some cases, e.g. Nu 21:32, the King James Version reads "Jaazer." This was a city of the Amorites East of the Jordan taken, along with its towns, by Moses, and occupied by the tribe of Gad (Nu 21:32; 32:35). The country was very fertile, and its spacious pasture-lands attracted the flock-masters of Gad (Nu 32:1), the southern border of whose territory it marked (Jos 13:25). It was assigned to the Merarite Levites (Jos 21:39; 1Ch 6:81). The place was reached by Joab when taking the census…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(Jehovah helps). [JAAZER, OR JAZER]

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Or JAAZER, Nu 21:32, a city of the Amorites, in Gilead; afterwards a Levitical city in Gad. It lay some fifteen miles north of Heshbon, near a small stream, Nu 1:1-36:13 32:1 Jos 21:39 1Ch 26:31 Jer 48:32.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

assistance; helper

more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
אֶבְכֶּה־'ev.keh- I will weep H1058 Verb · Qal · imperfect first person common singular
114× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To weep means to cry or shed tears, often in grief or sadness. In the Bible, weeping is a common expression of emotion, as seen in the stories of David and Jeremiah, who both wept bitterly in times of sorrow and repentance.
Amplified meaning
with intense sorrow, mourn deeply
Tyndale gloss
to weep
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּכָה (bakah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to weep or bewail. It encompasses various forms of weeping, including expressions of grief, humiliation, or joy, and can denote lamentation or crying bitterly. The entries highlight its use in both the Qal and Piel stems, indicating different nuances of weeping.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בָּכָה 114 vb. weep, bewail

Qal

weep

weep bitterly

weep upon

bewail

in sense of burden, annoy with weeping

of penitent weeping

Pi. lament; bewail

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1058 בָּכָה weep, bewail

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1058 bakah baw-kaw'

a primitive root; to weep; generally to bemoan:--X at all,

bewail, complain, make lamentation, X more, mourn, X sore, X

with tears, weep.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּכָה (ba.khah) — to weep.

1) to weep, bewail, cry, shed tears

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to weep (in grief, humiliation, or joy)

1a2) to weep bitterly (with cognate acc.)

1a3) to weep upon (embrace and weep)

1a4) to bewail

1b) (Piel) participle

1b1) lamenting

1b2) bewailing

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-1cs — Verb · Qal · imperfect first person common singular
HVqi1cs
more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
לָּךְ֙loKh for you H9032 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

ךְ (kh) — you.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person feminine singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HRd/Sp2fs — Preposition · suffix
HRd/Sp2fs
more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
הַגֶּ֣פֶןha.Ge.fen O vine of H1612 Particle · noun common both singular construct
55× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for vine, often referring to Israel or prosperity, appears in the Bible as a symbol of God's people. It is also used to describe a grapevine. In the Bible, vines are often associated with abundance and fruitfulness.
Amplified meaning
a grapevine
Tyndale gloss
vine
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גֶּ֫פֶן (gephen) means 'vine' and is derived from a root suggesting bending, reflecting the twining nature of vines. It encompasses literal uses, such as the grapevine, as well as metaphorical applications related to prosperity and even the fading of stars at divine judgment.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גֶּ֫פֶן n.f. vine

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1612 גֶּ֫פֶן vine

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1612 gephen gheh'-fen

from an unused root meaning to bend; a vine (as twining),

especially the grape:--vine, tree.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גֶּ֫פֶן (ge.phen) — vine.

1) vine, vine tree

1a) of Israel (fig.)

1b) of stars fading at Jehovah's judgment (metaph.)

1c) of prosperity

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-cs — Particle · noun common both singular construct
HTd/Ncbsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
שִׂבְמָ֔הsiv.Mah Sibmah H7643 Noun proper
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Sibmah was a town in Moab, east of the Jordan River, known for its fragrance and allotted to the tribes of Reuben and Gad.
Tyndale gloss
Sibmah
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שְׂבָם (se.vam) refers to a location in Moab, possibly meaning 'fragrance.' It is identified as a town allotted to the tribes of Reuben and Gad, located near Heshbon. The entries indicate variations in spelling, such as Sibmah and Shebam, but all refer to the same place.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שְׂבָם n.pr.loc. in Moab (Reuben), near Heshbon

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7643 שְׂבָם in Moab (Reuben), near Heshbon

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7643 Sbam seb-awm'

or (feminine) Sibmah {sib-maw'}; probably from 1313; spice;

Sebam or Sibmah, a place in Moab:--Shebam, Shibmah, Sibmah.

see HEBREW for 01313

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שְׂבָם (se.vam) — Sebam.

§ Shebam or Shibmah or Sibmah = "fragrance"

one of the towns in the pastoral district on the east of the Jordan in Moab; allotted to the tribes of Reuben and Gad

שְׂבָם (se.vam) — Sibmah.

§ Shebam or Shibmah or Sibmah = "fragrance"

one of the towns in the pastoral district on the east of the Jordan in Moab; allotted to the tribes of Reuben and Gad

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sib'-ma.

See SEBAM.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Sibmah

Coolness; fragrance, a town in Reuben, in the territory of Moab, on the east of Jordan (Josh. 13:19); called also Shebam and Shibmah (Num. 32:3, 38). It was famous for its vines (Isa. 16:9; Jer. 48:32). It has been identified with the ruin of Sumieh, where there are rock-cut wine-presses. This fact explains the words of the prophets referred to above. It was about 5 miles east of Heshbon.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

[SHEBAM]

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A city of Reuben, Nu 32:28; Jos 13:19; Isa 16:8,9, speaks of the vines of Sibmah, which were cut down by the enemies of the Moabites; for that people had taken the city of Sibmah, Jer 48:32, and other cities of Reuben, after this tribe had been carried into captivity by Tiglath-pileser, 2Ki 15:29; 1Ch 5:26. Jerome says that between Hesbon and Sibmah there was hardly the distance of five hundred paces.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
נְטִֽישֹׁתַ֙יִךְ֙ne.ti.sho.Ta.yikh tendrils your H5189 Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
3× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A tendril is a long, thin branch that grows from a vine, like the ones Jesus described in his parable of the vine and the branches in John 15.
Amplified meaning
long, thin branches
Tyndale gloss
tendril
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נְטִישָׁה (ntiysah) refers to a twig or tendril, particularly of a vine, emphasizing its spreading nature. The word is derived from a root meaning to shoot out or extend. It encompasses meanings related to branches and plants, as noted in various lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נְטִישָׁה] n.f. twig, tendril of vine (as spreading)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5189 [נְטִישָׁה] twig, tendril of vine (as spreading)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5189 ntiyshah net-ee-shaw'

from 5203; a tendril (as an offshoot):--battlement, branch,

plant.

see HEBREW for 05203

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נְטִישָׁה (ne.ti.shah) — tendril.

twig, tendril, tendrils of a vine (as spread out)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
HNcfpc/Sp2fs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
עָ֣בְרוּ'A.ve.ru they passed over H5674 Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural
556× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb can mean to cross over or transition from one thing to another, and is sometimes used to describe being arrogant or crossing a boundary.
Amplified meaning
stretched, crossed over
Tyndale gloss
to pass
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עָבַר (abar) is a versatile verb meaning to pass over, through, or by, and it encompasses a range of actions including crossing, traversing, and alienating. It can also imply causing something to pass or be transferred, as well as emotional states like anger in its Hithpael form. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, though they do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָבַר 648 vb. pass over, through, by, pass on

Qal

pass over

Pass beyond

Pass through, traverse

pass along by

pass by

sweep by, of scourge

be past, over, of time

pass along (from hand to hand)

Pass on, go on

Pass away

Niph. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded

Pi.

his bull impregnateth

cause one to cross river

cause something to pass over

make over to

devote children to (לְ) heathen god

pass along (from hand to hand)

cause to pass through

let pass through

cause to pass by

let pass by

cause arrow to pass beyond

cause to pass under rod, for counting

cause to pass away, take away

Hiph.

cause to pass over, bring over

he made to pass across with chains of gold

base

[עָבַר] vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5674a עָבַר pass over, through, by, pass on .. pass over

. Pass beyond

. Pass through, traverse

. . pass along by

. pass by

. sweep by, of scourge

. be past, over, of time

. pass along (from hand to hand)

. Pass on, go on

. Pass away

. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded

. . his bull impregnateth . cause one to cross river

. cause something to pass over

. make over to

. devote children to (לְ) heathen god

. pass along (from hand to hand)

. . cause to pass through

. let pass through

. . cause to pass by

. let pass by

. cause arrow to pass beyond

. cause to pass under rod, for counting

. cause to pass away, take away

. . cause to pass over, bring over

. he made to pass across with chains of gold

H5674b עָבַר vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5674 `abar aw-bar'

a primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any

transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive,

intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in

copulation):--alienate, alter, X at all, beyond, bring (over,

through), carry over, (over-)come (on, over), conduct (over),

convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail,

gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way,

in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle,

overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over)

pass(-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over,

through), (cause to, make) + proclaim(-amation), perish,

provoke to anger, put away, rage, + raiser of taxes, remove,

send over, set apart, + shave, cause to (make) sound, X

speedily, X sweet smelling, take (away), (make to)

transgress(-or), translate, turn away, (way-)faring man, be

wrath.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָבַר (a.var) — to pass.

1) to pass over or by or through, alienate, bring, carry, do away, take, take away, transgress

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to pass over, cross, cross over, pass over, march over, overflow, go over

1a2) to pass beyond

1a3) to pass through, traverse

1a3a) passers-through (participle)

1a3b) to pass through (the parts of victim in covenant)

1a4) to pass along, pass by, overtake and pass, sweep by

1a4a) passer-by (participle)

1a4b) to be past, be over

1a5) to pass on, go on, pass on before, go in advance of, pass along, travel, advance

1a6) to pass away

1a6a) to emigrate, leave (one's territory)

1a6b) to vanish

1a6c) to perish, cease to exist

1a6d) to become invalid, become obsolete (of law, decree)

1a6e) to be alienated, pass into other hands

1b) (Niphal) to be crossed

1c) (Piel) to impregnate, cause to cross

1d) (Hiphil)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural
HVqp3cp
more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
יָ֔םYam [the] sea H3220 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
396× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Refers to a large body of water like the Mediterranean Sea or a sea in general, sometimes specifically the west or seaward direction.
Amplified meaning
a large body of water, the Mediterranean
Tyndale gloss
(Mt. Ephron in the) West
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָם (yam) means 'sea' and refers to various large bodies of water, including the Mediterranean, Red, and Dead Seas, as well as the Sea of Galilee. It can also denote a mighty river like the Nile and has geographical implications, indicating directions such as west or south. The term is derived from a root meaning to roar, suggesting the noise of breaking surf.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָם 390 n.m. sea

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3220 יָם sea

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3220 yam yawm

from an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in

noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the

article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or

an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the

south:--sea (X -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern,

side, -ward).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָם (yam) — sea.

: sea

1) sea

1a) Mediterranean Sea

1b) Red Sea

1c) Dead Sea

1d) Sea of Galilee

1e) sea (general)

1f) mighty river (Nile)

1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)

1h) seaward, west, westward

יָם (yam) — sea: west.

: west

1) sea

1a) Mediterranean Sea

1b) Red Sea

1c) Dead Sea

1d) Sea of Galilee

1e) sea (general)

1f) mighty river (Nile)

1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)

1h) seaward, west, westward

יָם (yam) — (Mt. Ephron in the) West.

This name means sea, seaward, westward

Another name of eph.ron (עֶפְרוֹן "(Mount )Ephron" H6085H)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

se (yam; thalassa; in Ac 27:5 pelagos): The Mediterranean is called ha-yam ha-gadhol, "the great sea" (Nu 34:6; Jos 1:4; Eze 47:10, etc.); ha-yam ha-'acharon, "the hinder," or "western sea" (De 11:24; 34:2; Joe 2:20; Zec 14:8); yam pelishtim, "the sea of the Philis" (Ex 23:31); the King James Version translates yam yapho' in Ezr 3:7 by "sea of Joppa," perhaps rightly.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The sea, yam , is used in Scripture to denote-- "The gathering of the waters," "the Ocean." (Genesis 1:2,10; 30:13) etc. Some portion of this, as the Mediterranean Sea, called the "hinder," the "western" and the "utmost" sea, (11:24; 34:2; Joel 2:20) "sea of the Philistines," (Exodus 23:31) "the great sea," (Numbers 36:6,7; Joshua 15:47) "the sea." Genesis49:13; Psal 80:11 Also frequently of the Red Sea. (Exodus 15:4) [RED SEA SEA] Inland lakes termed seas, as the Salt or Dead Sea. [See the special article] Any…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The Hebrews give the name of sea to any large collection of water, Job 14:11; as to the lakes of Tiberias and Asphaltites, and also to the rivers Nile and Euphrates, Isa 11:15 18:2 21:1 Jer 51:36,42. The principal seas mentioned in Scripture are the following:

1. The GREAT SEA, the Mediterranean, called also the Hinder or Western Sea. Indeed, the Hebrew word for sea, meaning the Mediterranean, is often put for the west. The Great Sea is 2,200 miles long, and in the widest part 1,200 miles in width. In many places it is so deep as to give no soundings. It is little affected by tides, but is often agitated by violent winds. The prevailing direction of the wind in spring is from the southeast and southwest and from the northeast…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Creation of Ge 1:9,10; Ps 95:5; 148:4,5

→ Lake Galilee calmed by Jesus Mt 8:24-26; Mr 4:37-39

→ Jesus walked upon Lake Galilee Mt 14:25-31

→ The Dead, to be given up by the, at the resurrection Re 20:13

→ SYMBOLICAL

In Daniel' s vision Da 7:2,3

In John' s apocalyptic vision Re 4:6; 8:8,9; 10:2,5,6,8; 13:1; 15:2; 16:3; 21:1

more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
עַ֛ד'ad to H5704 Preposition
1,261× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means until or as far as, describing a point in time or space. It's used in the Bible to set boundaries or limits, like in Exodus when describing the Israelites' journey.
Tyndale gloss
till
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while

prep.

of space

Of time

Of degree

conj.

until

While

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus

of space

Of time

Of degree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

. conj. . until

. While

. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5704 `ad ad

properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or

conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,

or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,

while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,

at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),

(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,

till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַד (ad) — till.

prep

1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

1a) of space

1a1) as far as, up to, even to

1b) in combination

1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)

1c) of time

1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end

1d) of degree

1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like

conj

2) until, while, to the point that, so that even

Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
יָ֥םyam [the] sea of H3220 Noun common · masculine singular construct
396× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Refers to a large body of water like the Mediterranean Sea or a sea in general, sometimes specifically the west or seaward direction.
Tyndale gloss
(Mt. Ephron in the) West
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָם (yam) means 'sea' and refers to various large bodies of water, including the Mediterranean, Red, and Dead Seas, as well as the Sea of Galilee. It can also denote a mighty river like the Nile and has geographical implications, indicating directions such as west or south. The term is derived from a root meaning to roar, suggesting the noise of breaking surf.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָם 390 n.m. sea

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3220 יָם sea

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3220 yam yawm

from an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in

noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the

article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or

an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the

south:--sea (X -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern,

side, -ward).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָם (yam) — sea.

: sea

1) sea

1a) Mediterranean Sea

1b) Red Sea

1c) Dead Sea

1d) Sea of Galilee

1e) sea (general)

1f) mighty river (Nile)

1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)

1h) seaward, west, westward

יָם (yam) — sea: west.

: west

1) sea

1a) Mediterranean Sea

1b) Red Sea

1c) Dead Sea

1d) Sea of Galilee

1e) sea (general)

1f) mighty river (Nile)

1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)

1h) seaward, west, westward

יָם (yam) — (Mt. Ephron in the) West.

This name means sea, seaward, westward

Another name of eph.ron (עֶפְרוֹן "(Mount )Ephron" H6085H)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
יַעְזֵ֖רya'.Zer Jazer H3270 Noun proper
13× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Jazer was a city east of the Jordan River, in the territory of Gad, and was originally an Amorite city. The name Jazer means helped and it is mentioned in the Bible as a Levitical city.
Amplified meaning
a city originally Amorite
Tyndale gloss
(Sea of) Jazer
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יַעְזֵר (Ya`azeyr) refers to Jazer or Jaazer, a location east of the Jordan River, associated with the tribe of Gad. The name is derived from a root meaning 'helpful.' It is noted as a Levitical city and was originally an Amorite city, though its exact site remains uncertain.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יַעְזֵר and יַעְזֵיר n.pr.loc. E. of Jordan

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3270 יַעְזֵר and יַעְזֵיר E. of Jordan

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3270 Ya`azeyr yah-az-ayr'

or Yazer {yah-zare'}; from 5826; helpful; Jaazer or Jazer, a

place East of the Jordan:--Jaazer, Jazer.

see HEBREW for 05826

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יַעְזֵר (ya.a.zer) — Jazer.

§ Jazer or Jaazer = "helped"

a Levitical city east of the Jordan, in Gilead in the territory of Gad, formerly an Amorite city; site uncertain

יַעְזֵר (ya.a.zer) — (Sea of) Jazer.

§ Jazer or Jaazer = "helped"

a Levitical city east of the Jordan, in Gilead in the territory of Gad, formerly an Amorite city; site uncertain

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ja'-zer (ya`zer or ya`zeyr; Septuagint Iazen in Codex Alexandrinus; Iazer): In some cases, e.g. Nu 21:32, the King James Version reads "Jaazer." This was a city of the Amorites East of the Jordan taken, along with its towns, by Moses, and occupied by the tribe of Gad (Nu 21:32; 32:35). The country was very fertile, and its spacious pasture-lands attracted the flock-masters of Gad (Nu 32:1), the southern border of whose territory it marked (Jos 13:25). It was assigned to the Merarite Levites (Jos 21:39; 1Ch 6:81). The place was reached by Joab when taking the census…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(Jehovah helps). [JAAZER, OR JAZER]

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Or JAAZER, Nu 21:32, a city of the Amorites, in Gilead; afterwards a Levitical city in Gad. It lay some fifteen miles north of Heshbon, near a small stream, Nu 1:1-36:13 32:1 Jos 21:39 1Ch 26:31 Jer 48:32.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

assistance; helper

more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
נָגָ֑עוּna.Ga.'u they reached H5060 Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural
150× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to touch or reach something, and can also mean to strike or defeat someone. It is used in Exodus to describe God's power and in Psalms to describe human emotions. The word has various translations, including beat, bring, and plague.
Amplified meaning
touch, come to
Tyndale gloss
to touch
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָגַע (naga`) is a Hebrew verb meaning to touch, reach, or strike. It encompasses a range of actions from physical contact to figurative implications like arriving or acquiring. The word can also denote being stricken or defeated, particularly in battle or by disease. The entries indicate various grammatical forms, including Qal, Niph, Piel, Pual, and Hiphil, each with specific nuances.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָגַע 150 vb. touch, reach, strike

Qal

touch

of י׳ touching earth, mountains, etc.

nearly = strike, pass. stricken

touch = harm

reach, extend to

Niph. be stricken, defeated (in battle), i.e. feign to be so

Pi. strike (with leprosy, 2 acc.)

Pu. be stricken by diseases

Hiph. cause to touch; reach, approach, arrive

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5060 נָגַע touch, reach, strike .. . touch

. of י׳ touching earth, mountains, etc.

. nearly = strike, pass. stricken

. touch = harm

. reach, extend to

. be stricken, defeated (in battle), i.e. feign to be so

. strike (with leprosy, 2 acc.)

. be stricken by diseases

. cause to touch; reach, approach, arrive

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5060 naga` naw-gah'

a primitive root; properly, to touch, i.e. lay the hand upon

(for any purpose; euphem., to lie with a woman); by

implication, to reach (figuratively, to arrive, acquire);

violently, to strike (punish, defeat, destroy, etc.):--beat,

(X be able to) bring (down), cast, come (nigh), draw near

(nigh), get up, happen, join, near, plague, reach (up), smite,

strike, touch.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָגַע (na.ga) — to touch.

1) to touch, reach, strike

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to touch

1a2) to strike

1a3) to reach, extend to

1a4) to be stricken

1a4a) stricken (participle)

1b) (Niphal) to be stricken, be defeated

1c) (Piel) to strike

1d) (Pual) to be stricken (by disease)

1e) (Hiphil) to cause to touch, reach, approach, arrive

1e1) to cause to touch, apply

1e2) to reach, extend, attain, arrive, come

1e3) to approach (of time)

1e4) to befall (of fate)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural
HVqp3cp
more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
עַל־'al- on H5921 Preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

On

Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See HELIOPOLIS.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

pain; force; iniquity

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
קֵיצֵ֥ךְkei.Tzekh summer fruit your H7019 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
20× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for summer refers to the harvest season or the fruit of that season, and is also used to describe the dry summer months, as seen in its Aramaic equivalent.
Amplified meaning
harvest, seasonal produce
Tyndale gloss
summer
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קַ֫יִץ (qayits) refers to summer and summer-fruit, indicating both the season and its produce. It is derived from a root meaning to harvest, encompassing the idea of crops, whether grain or fruit. The word appears in contexts related to the harvest season.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קַ֫יִץ n.m. summer, summer-fruit

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7019 קַ֫יִץ summer, summer-fruit

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7019 qayits kah'-yits

from 6972; harvest (as the crop), whether the product (grain

or fruit) or the (dry) season:--summer (fruit, house).

see HEBREW for 06972

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קַ֫יִץ (qa.yits) — summer.

1) summer, summer-fruit

1a) summer

1b) summer-fruit

Aramaic equivalent: qa.yit (קַ֫יִט "summer" H7007)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp2fs
more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
וְעַל־ve.'al- and on H5921 Conjunction · preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/R — Conjunction · preposition
HC/R
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

On

Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See HELIOPOLIS.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

pain; force; iniquity

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
בְּצִירֵ֖ךְbe.tzi.Rekh grape harvest your H1210 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
8× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is used to describe the grape harvest or vintage, a time of gathering and celebration in ancient Israel.
Amplified meaning
vintage, time of gathering
Tyndale gloss
vintage
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּצִיר (batsiyr) means 'vintage,' referring specifically to the grape crop. It is derived from the root word for 'clipped' or 'cut.' The entries consistently emphasize its agricultural context without any noted disagreements.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בָּצִיר n.m. vintage

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1210 בָּצִיר vintage

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1210 batsiyr baw-tseer'

from 1219; clipped, i.e. the grape crop:--vintage.

see HEBREW for 01219

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּצִיר (ba.tsir) — vintage.

vintage

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp2fs
more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
שֹׁדֵ֥דsho.Ded a destroyer H7703 Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular
57× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To ruin or devastate is the meaning of this word, often used to describe the powerful and destructive actions of God or human enemies, as seen in the conquest of Canaan. It can also mean to be powerful or impregnable, as in the case of the strongholds of David. This concept is explored in the book of Psalms.
Amplified meaning
one who ruins, devastates
Tyndale gloss
to ruin
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁדַד (shadad) is a Hebrew verb that conveys the idea of dealing violently with something, including meanings like despoil, devastate, and ruin. It has various forms, indicating actions such as violently destroying, being utterly ruined, or assaulting. The entries suggest a strong connotation of destruction and oppression, with the word appearing in contexts related to devastation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שָׁדַד] 56 vb. deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin

Qal violently destroy, pers. = slay

Niph. we are utterly ruined.

Pi. assault not his dwelling-place

Pu. be devastated

Pō‛el violently destroy

Hoph. be devastated

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7703 [שָׁדַד] deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7703 shadad shaw-dad'

a primitive root; properly, to be burly, i.e. (figuratively)

powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to

ravage:--dead, destroy(-er), oppress, robber, spoil(-er), X

utterly, (lay) waste.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁדַד (sha.dad) — to ruin.

1) to deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin, destroy, spoil

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to violently destroy, devastate, despoil, assail

1a2) devastator, despoiler (participle) (subst)

1b) (Niphal) to be utterly ruined

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to assault

1c2) to devastate

1d) (Pual) to be devastated

1e) (Poel) to violently destroy

1f) (Hophal) to be devastated

Also means: shud (שׁוּד "to waste" H7736)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular
HVqrmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

de-stroi'-er: In several passages the word designates a supernatural agent of destruction, or destroying angel, executing Divine judgment.

(1) In Ex 12:23, of the "destroyer" who smote the first-born in Egypt, again referred to under the same title in Heb 11:28 the Revised Version (British and American) (the King James Version "he that destroyed").

(2) In Job 33:22, "the destroyers" (literally, "they that cause to die") = the angels of death that are ready to take away a man's life during severe illness. No exact parallel to this is found in the Old Testament. The nearest approach is "the angel that destroyed the people" by pestilence (2Sa 24:16,17 parallel

Destroyer

(Ex. 12:23), the agent employed in the killing of the first-born; the destroying angel or messenger of God. (Comp. 2 Kings 19:35; 2 Sam. 24:15, 16; Ps. 78:49; Acts 12:23.)

more than [the] weeping of Jazer I will weep for you O vine of Sibmah tendrils your they passed over [the] sea to [the] sea of Jazer they reached on summer fruit your and on grape harvest your a destroyer he has fallen
נָפָֽל׃na.Fal he has fallen H5307 Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
435× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to fall, and it's used in many ways, like falling down, failing, or being defeated. It appears in books like Genesis and Isaiah. God's people often fell away from Him, but He always offered a way back.
Amplified meaning
fallen, come down
Tyndale gloss
to fall: fall
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָפַל (naphal) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to fall,' encompassing a wide range of applications, including falling by accident, experiencing violent death, or going to ruin. It can also refer to prostrating oneself, attacking, or causing someone to fall. The term appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, often indicating physical or metaphorical downfall.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָפַל 433 vb. fall, lie

Qal 366

fall, by accident

Esp. of violent death

fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.

fig. = experience calamity

fall, of a city

Fall prostrate

fall = prostrate oneself before

fall upon one's neck, in embrace

Fall upon = attack

desert or fall away to, go over to

Fig., of deep sleep

Other idiomatic uses

= lie; = lie prostrate

Hiph.

cause to fall

Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction

Esp. of casting lot

Fig., let drop, cause to fail

cause deep sleep to fall

Other idioms

Hithp. throw, or prostrate oneself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5307 נָפַל fall, lie .. fall, by accident

. . Esp. of violent death

. fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.

. fig. = experience calamity

. fall, of a city

. . Fall prostrate

. fall = prostrate oneself before

. fall upon one's neck, in embrace

. . Fall upon = attack

. desert or fall away to, go over to

. Fig., of deep sleep

. Other idiomatic uses

. = lie; = lie prostrate

. . cause to fall

. Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction

. Esp. of casting lot

. Fig., let drop, cause to fail

. cause deep sleep to fall

. Other idioms

. throw, or prostrate oneself

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5307 naphal naw-fal'

a primitive root; to fall, in a great variety of applications

(intransitive or causative, literal or figurative):--be

accepted, cast (down, self, (lots), out), cease, die, divide

(by lot), (let) fail, (cause to, let, make, ready to) fall

(away, down, -en, -ing), fell(-ing), fugitive, have

(inheritance), inferior, be judged (by mistake for 6419), lay

(along), (cause to) lie down, light (down), be (X hast) lost,

lying, overthrow, overwhelm, perish, present(-ed, -ing), (make

to) rot, slay, smite out, X surely, throw down.

see HEBREW for 06419

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: fall.

: fall/drop/fail

1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to fall

1a2) to fall (of violent death)

1a3) to fall prostrate, prostrate oneself before

1a4) to fall upon, attack, desert, fall away to, go away to, fall into the hand of

1a5) to fall short, fail, fall out, turn out, result

1a6) to settle, waste away, be offered, be inferior to

1a7) to lie, lie prostrate

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to cause to fall, fell, throw down, knock out, lay prostrate

1b2) to overthrow

1b3) to make the lot fall, assign by lot, apportion by lot

1b4) to let drop, cause to fail (fig.)

1b5) to cause to fall

1c) (Hithpael)

1c1) to throw or prostrate oneself, throw oneself upon

1c2) to lie prostrate, prostrate oneself

1d) (Pilel) to fall

נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: deserting.

: deserting

1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to fall

1a2) to fall (of violent death)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVqp3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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