Numbers 32:3 — Word Study
WLCעֲטָר֤וֹת וְדִיבֹן֙ וְיַעְזֵ֣ר וְנִמְרָ֔ה וְחֶשְׁבּ֖וֹן וְאֶלְעָלֵ֑ה וּשְׂבָ֥ם וּנְב֖וֹ וּבְעֹֽן׃
BSAAtarothʻĂṭârôwth [a place of crowns] DibonDîybôwn [a town in Moab] JazerYaʻăzêyr [an Amorite city] NimrahNimrâh△ [a location east of the Jordan] HeshbonCheshbôwn [the capital of the Amorites] ElealehʼElʻâlêʼ [God is ascending] SebamSᵉbâm [a village of the Reubenites, also known as Sibmah] NeboNᵉbôw [a mountain in Moab] and BeonBᵉʻôn△ [a place of dwelling, also known as Baal-meon]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| עֲטָר֤וֹת | Ataroth | Noun proper |
| וְדִיבֹן֙ | and Dibon | Conjunction, noun proper |
| וְיַעְזֵ֣ר | and Jazer | Conjunction, noun proper |
| וְנִמְרָ֔ה | and Nimrah | Conjunction, noun proper |
| וְחֶשְׁבּ֖וֹן | and Heshbon | Conjunction, noun proper |
| וְאֶלְעָלֵ֑ה | and Elealeh | Conjunction, noun proper |
| וּשְׂבָ֥ם | and Sebam | Conjunction, noun proper |
| וּנְב֖וֹ | and Nebo | Conjunction, noun proper |
| וּבְעֹֽן׃ | and Beon | Conjunction, noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | “Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon, |
| KJV | Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Shebam, and Nebo, and Beon, |
| ASV | Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Sebam, and Nebo, and Beon, |
| YLT | 'Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Shebam, and Nebo, and Beon — |
| WEB | “Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon, |
| BBE | Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Sebam, and Nebo, and Beon, |
Where they part company is in the descriptive phrases that accompany the city names — see How Translations Differ.
The verse is a straightforward listing of cities, with no additional clauses present.
6 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, AdamClarke & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
2 of 9 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Numbers 32:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Request of the Gadites and Reubenitesgenerated
Numbers 32:3 lists the cities that the Gadites and Reubenites are requesting for their livestock. This request highlights their desire to settle in a land that is suitable for their needs, as they approach the Jordan River and prepare to enter the land promised to their ancestors. The cities mentioned are significant in the context of Israel's tribal allotments and reflect the historical and geographical landscape of the area.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Numbers 32:1–34 | Now the Reubenites and Gadites, who had very large herds and flocks, surveyed the lands of Jazer and Gilead, and they saw that the region was suitable for livestock. |
| 2 | Joshua 13:17 | to Heshbon and all its cities on the plateau, including Dibon, Bamoth-baal, Beth-baal-meon, |
| 3 | Isaiah 15:2–4 | Dibon goes up to its temple to weep at its high places. Moab wails over Nebo, as well as over Medeba. Every head is shaved, every beard is cut off. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 48:22–23 | upon Dibon, Nebo, and Beth-diblathaim, |
| 5 | Isaiah 15:6 | The waters of Nimrim are dried up, and the grass is withered; the vegetation is gone, and the greenery is no more. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עֲטָרוֹת, a.ta.Rotgenerated
The word עֲטָרוֹת (Ataroth) is a proper noun, referring to a place, specifically a location that means 'crowns.' It is derived from a root that signifies honor or a place of significance. The plural form suggests multiple sites, indicating its importance in the context of the tribal territories, particularly for the tribe of Gad.
Ataroth appears in the Bible as a boundary location, marking the territory of the Israelites. Its mention here emphasizes the strategic importance of these cities as the Israelites prepare to settle in the land.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of this verse consists of a main clause listing the cities, with each city introduced by the conjunction 'and.' The finite verb is implied in the context, as the Gadites and Reubenites are making a request.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the cities themselves, highlighting their significance as the Gadites and Reubenites outline their request for land suitable for livestock.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates עֲטָרוֹת as αταρωθ, maintaining the original name while providing a Greek rendering. This choice reflects a direct borrowing of the Hebrew term, preserving its significance.
The other cities are similarly transliterated, indicating that the Septuagint translators aimed to retain the original names and their associated meanings, which were likely familiar to their audience.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Numbers 32:3 lists the cities that the Gadites and Reubenites want as they prepare to settle east of the Jordan River. These cities are important for their livestock, showing their need for suitable land as they approach the Promised Land.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The cities represent strategic locations for the Gadites and Reubenites as they seek land suitable for their livestock.
They believe the land is suitable for their livestock and they wish to avoid crossing the Jordan River.
Ataroth means 'crowns' and signifies a place of honor or importance in the tribal territories.
These cities are part of the territory that the Israelites are claiming as their inheritance, specifically for the tribes of Gad and Reuben.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn from the request of the Gadites and Reubenites about our own needs and desires?
- How does understanding the significance of these cities enhance our reading of this passage?
- In what ways can we identify and claim the 'land' that God has promised us in our lives?
- What does it mean to seek out places of honor and significance in our spiritual journey?
Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Numbers 32:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAtaroth, Dibon, and Jazer,.... These were places which belonged to the Amorites, and were taken from Sihon, their king: of Ataroth we read nowhere else but in this chapter; of Dibon see Isaiah 15:2,
Read John Gill on Numbers 32 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe children of Gad and the children of Reuben came and spake unto Moses, and to Eleazar the priest, and unto the princes of the congregation, saying, No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on Numbers 32 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleAtaroth; different from that Ataroth, ,7, which was on the other side of Jordan. Nimrah, called Beth-nimrah, ; and the waters of Nimrim, . Shebam, called Shibmah, . Beon which is thought to be the same place called Baal-meon, , and Beth-meon, .
Read Matthew Poole on Numbers 32 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 3. Ataroth, and Dibon, &c.] The places mentioned here belonged to Sihon, king of the Amorites, and Og, king of Bashan, which being conquered by the Israelites, constituted ever after a part of their territories, Numbers 32:33.
Read AdamClarke on Numbers 32 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges3. All these names recur in Numbers 32:34-38, three of them in a slightly different form (see R.V. marg.). Beon is probably a mere scribal slip for Meon.
Read Cambridge on Numbers 32 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible3. Ataroth — Hebrew, crowns. There were several cities of this name.This was probably in the land of Jazer. It has not been identified. Dibon — Joshua 13:17, note. Nimrah occurs only here.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Numbers 32 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
“Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon,
“Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon,
“Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon,
“Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon,
Tyndale line
Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Shebam, and Nebo, and Beon,
Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Sebam, and Nebo, and Beon,
Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Sebam, and Nebo, and Beon,
Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Shebam, and Nebo, and Beon,
The land of Ataroth, and Dibon, and Iazer, and Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Shebam, and Nebo, and Beon,
Strictly literal
Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jaazer, and Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elaleh, and Sebam, and Nebo, and Beon,
'Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Shebam, and Nebo, and Beon —
“Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Shebam, and Nebo, and Beon,
'Ataroth, and Dibon, and Ya'zer, and Nimrah, and Cheshbon, and El'aleh, and Sebam, and Nebo, and Be'on,
“This is a list of places we have surveyed: Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon.
From the Latin
Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nemra, Hesebon, and Eleale, and Saban, and Nebo, and Beon,
Simplified
“The towns of Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon,
Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Sebam, and Nebo, and Beon,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint, which matches all nine words in this verse. The Samaritan Pentateuch differs in three words: it uses דיבון (Dibon), יעזיר (Jazer), and בעון (Beon), indicating slight variations in the names but retaining the overall context.
עֲטָר֤וֹת וְדִיבֹן֙ וְיַעְזֵ֣ר וְנִמְרָ֔ה וְחֶשְׁבּ֖וֹן וְאֶלְעָלֵ֑ה וּשְׂבָ֥ם וּנְב֖וֹ וּבְעֹֽן׃
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
עטרות ודיבון ויעזיר ונמרה וחשׁבון ואלעלה ושׂבם ונבו ובעון
3 words differ from the Masoretic Text: דיבון (Dibon), יעזיר (Jazer), בעון (Beon)
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Numbers 32:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עֲטָרוֹת (Ataroth) refers to two locations in Palestine, one east of the Jordan River and another on the boundary between Ephraim and Manasseh. The term is a plural form meaning 'crowns' and is derived from a related word. The entries indicate its significance in the context of tribal territories, particularly for the tribe of Gad.
עֲטָרוֹת and עֲטָרֹת n.pr.loc.
E. of Jordan
W. of Jordan
base
H5852 עֲטָרוֹת and עֲטָרֹת . E. of Jordan
. W. of Jordan
5852 `Atarowth at-aw-roth'
or Ataroth {at-aw-roth'}; plural of 5850; Ataroth, the name
(thus simply) of two places in Palestine:--Ataroth.
see HEBREW for 05850
עֲטָרוֹת (a.ta.rot) — Ataroth.
§ Ataroth = "crowns"
a town east of the Jordan in Gilead, taken and built by the tribe of Gad
עֲטָרוֹת (a.ta.rot) — Ataroth.
§ Ataroth = "crowns"
a place on the boundary of Ephraim and Manasseh
between Ephraim and Benjamin
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
at'-a-roth, a-ta'-roth (`aTaroth, "crowns" or "wreaths"; Ataroth):
(1) A city East of the Jordan, apparently in the territory given to Reuben, but built, or fortified, by the children of Gad (Nu 32:3,34). It is named along with Dibon, which is identified with Dhiban. Eight miles Northeast by North of Dibon, on the South of Wady Zerqa Ma`in, stands Jebel `Attarus, in which the ancient name is preserved. The city is doubtless represented by Khirbet `Attarus, about 4 miles West of the mountain.
(2) A place on the boundary between Ephraim and Benjamin, toward the West (Jos 16:2). It seems to be the same as Ataroth- addar of Jos 16:5, 18:13. It is probably to be identified with the modern ed-Dariyeh South of nether Bethhoron, and…
Ataroth
Crowns. (1.) A city east of Jordan, not far from Gilead (Num. 32:3).
(2.) A town on the border of Ephraim and Benjamin (Josh. 16:2, 7), called also Ataroth-adar (16:5). Now ed-Da’rieh.
(3.) “Ataroth, the house of Joab” (1 Chr. 2:54), a town of Judah inhabited by the descendants of Caleb.
(crowns). One of the towns in the "land of Jazer and land of Gilead," (Numbers 32:3) east of the Jordan, taken and built by the tribe of Gad. (Numbers 32:34) A place on the (south?) boundary of Ephraim and Manasseh. (Joshua 16:2,7) It is impossible to say whether Ataroth is or is not the same place as ATAROTH-ADAR, or -ADDAR, on the west border of Benjamin, "near the ’mountain’ that is on the south side of the nether Beth-horon." (Joshua 16:5; 18:13) Perhaps the modern Atara, six miles northeast of Bethel. "ATAROTH, THE HOUSE OF JOAB," a place(?) occurring in the list of the descendants of Judah. (1 Chronicles 2:54)
דִּיבֹן (Diybown) refers to a city in Moab and a place in southern Judah. The name means 'wasting' and is associated with multiple locations in Palestine, including Dibon-gad. The entries indicate that the term is derived from a root meaning 'pining' and highlight its historical significance, particularly regarding its rebuilding by the Israelites.
דִּיבֹן, דִּיבוֹן n.pr.loc.
city in Moab
place in Judah, toward south
base
H1769 דִּיבֹן, דִּיבוֹן . city in Moab
. place in Judah, toward south
1769 Diybown dee-bome'
or (shortened) Diybon {dee-bone'}; from 1727; pining:--Dibon,
the name of three places in Palestine:--Dibon. (Also, with
1410 added, Dibon-gad.)
see HEBREW for 01727
see HEBREW for 01410
דִּיבֹן, דִּימוֹן (di.von) — Dibon.
§ Dibon = "wasting"
a town in Moab on the east side of the Jordan which was taken over by the Israelites and rebuilt by the children of Gad
דִּיבֹן (di.von) — Dibon.
§ Dibon = "wasting"
a place in south Judah reinhabited by the men of Judah after the return from captivity
דִּיבֹן (di.von) — Dibon(-gad).
Dibon = "wasting"
a town in Moab on the east side of the Jordan which was taken over by the Israelites and rebuilt by the children of Gad
Another name of di.von (דִּיבֹן, דִּימוֹן "Dibon" H1769G)
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
Dibon
Pining; wasting. (1.) A city in Moab (Num. 21:30); called also Dibon-gad (33:45), because it was built by Gad and Dimon (Isa. 15:9). It has been identified with the modern Diban, about 3 miles north of the Arnon and 12 miles east of the Dead Sea. (See Moabite Stone.)
(2.) A city of the tribe of Judah, inhabited after the Captivity (Neh. 11:25); called also Dimonah (Josh. 15:22). It is probably the modern ed-Dheib.
(wasting). A town on the east side of Jordan, in the rich pastoral country, which was taken possession of and rebuilt by the children of Gad. (Numbers 32:3,34) From this circumstance it possibly received the name of DIBON-GAD. (Numbers 33:45,46) Its first mention is in (Numbers 21:30) and from this it appears to have belonged originally to the Moabites. We find Dibon counted to Reuben in the lists of Joshua. (Joshua 13:9,17) In the time of Isaiah and Jeremiah, however, it was again in possession of Moab. (Isaiah 15:2; Jeremiah 48:18,22) comp. Jere 48:24 In modern times the name Dhiban has been discovered as attached to…
DIMON, Isa 15:9, and DI-BON-GAD, Nu 33:45,46, a town of Gad, Nu 32:34, but afterwards of Reuben, Jos 13:17. It lay in a plain just north of the Arnon, and was the first encampment of the Israelites upon crossing that river. Later we find it in the hands of the Moabites, Isa 15:2 Jer 48:22. Traces of it remain at a place now called Diban.
abundance of knowledge
יַעְזֵר (Ya`azeyr) refers to Jazer or Jaazer, a location east of the Jordan River, associated with the tribe of Gad. The name is derived from a root meaning 'helpful.' It is noted as a Levitical city and was originally an Amorite city, though its exact site remains uncertain.
יַעְזֵר and יַעְזֵיר n.pr.loc. E. of Jordan
base
H3270 יַעְזֵר and יַעְזֵיר E. of Jordan
3270 Ya`azeyr yah-az-ayr'
or Yazer {yah-zare'}; from 5826; helpful; Jaazer or Jazer, a
place East of the Jordan:--Jaazer, Jazer.
see HEBREW for 05826
יַעְזֵר (ya.a.zer) — Jazer.
§ Jazer or Jaazer = "helped"
a Levitical city east of the Jordan, in Gilead in the territory of Gad, formerly an Amorite city; site uncertain
יַעְזֵר (ya.a.zer) — (Sea of) Jazer.
§ Jazer or Jaazer = "helped"
a Levitical city east of the Jordan, in Gilead in the territory of Gad, formerly an Amorite city; site uncertain
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
ja'-zer (ya`zer or ya`zeyr; Septuagint Iazen in Codex Alexandrinus; Iazer): In some cases, e.g. Nu 21:32, the King James Version reads "Jaazer." This was a city of the Amorites East of the Jordan taken, along with its towns, by Moses, and occupied by the tribe of Gad (Nu 21:32; 32:35). The country was very fertile, and its spacious pasture-lands attracted the flock-masters of Gad (Nu 32:1), the southern border of whose territory it marked (Jos 13:25). It was assigned to the Merarite Levites (Jos 21:39; 1Ch 6:81). The place was reached by Joab when taking the census…
(Jehovah helps). [JAAZER, OR JAZER]
Or JAAZER, Nu 21:32, a city of the Amorites, in Gilead; afterwards a Levitical city in Gad. It lay some fifteen miles north of Heshbon, near a small stream, Nu 1:1-36:13 32:1 Jos 21:39 1Ch 26:31 Jer 48:32.
assistance; helper
נִמְרָה (nimrah) refers to a location east of the Jordan River, described as having clear or pure water. The name appears in Numbers 32:3 and is associated with the term 'limpid.' It is also noted as another name for Beth-nimrah, which is nearby.
נִמְרָה n.pr.loc. place E. of Jordan Nu 32:3
ref
H5247 נִמְרָה
5247 Nimrah nim-raw'
from the same as 5246; clear water; Nimrah, a place East of
the Jordan:--Nimrah. See also 1039, 5249.
see HEBREW for 05246
see HEBREW for 01039
see HEBREW for 05249
נִמְרָה (nim.rah) — Nimrah.
Nimrah = "limpid" or "pure"
a place on the east of the Jordan, 10 miles (16 km) north of the Dead Sea and 3 miles (5 km) east of the Jordan
Another name of bet nim.rah (בֵּית נִמְרָה "Beth-nimrah" H1039)
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
Nimrah
Pure, a city on the east of Jordan (Num. 32:3); probably the same as Beth-nimrah (Josh. 13:27). It has been identified with the Nahr Nimrin, at one of the fords of Jordan, not far from Jericho.
(limpid, pure), a place mentioned by this name in (Numbers 32:3) only. If it is the same as BETU-NIMRAH, ver. 36, it belonged to the tribe of Gad. It was ten miles north of the Dead Sea and three miles east of the Jordan, in the hill of Nimrim.
Nimrim, leopard; bitterness; rebellion
→ A city in the territory of the tribe of Gad Nu 32:3
חֶשְׁבּוֹן (Cheshbown) refers to a city associated with Sihon, the king of the Amorites. It is described as a stronghold and is located east of the Jordan River, marking the boundary between the tribes of Reuben and Gad. The name suggests a connection to the concept of strength.
חֶשְׁבּוֹן n.pr.loc. of the city of Sihon king of the Amorites
base
H2809 חֶשְׁבּוֹן of the city of Sihon king of the Amorites
2809 Cheshbown khesh-bone'
the same as 2808; Cheshbon, a place East of the
Jordan:--Heshbon.
see HEBREW for 02808
חֶשְׁבּוֹן (chesh.bon) — Heshbon.
§ Heshbon = "stronghold"
the capital city of Sihon, king of the Amorites, located on the western border of the high plain and on the border line between the tribes of Reuben and Gad
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
hesh'-bon (cheshbon; Hesebon): The royal city of Sihon king of the Amorites, taken and occupied by the Israelites under Moses (Nu 21:25 f, etc.). It lay on the southern border of Gad (Jos 13:26), and was one of the cities fortified by Reuben (Nu 32:37). It is reckoned among the cities of Gad given to the Merarite Levites (Jos 21:39). In later literature (Isa 15:4; 16:8 f; Jer 48:2,34,45; 49:3) it is referred to as a city of Moab. It passed again into Jewish hands, and is mentioned by Josephus (Ant., XIII, xv, 4) as among their possessions in the country of Moab…
Heshbon
Intelligence, a city ruled over by Sihon, king of the Amorites (Josh. 3:10; 13:17). It was taken by Moses (Num. 21:23-26), and became afterwards a Levitical city (Josh. 21:39) in the tribe of Reuben (Num. 32:37). After the Exile it was taken possession of by the Moabites (Isa. 15:4; Jer. 48:2, 34, 45). The ruins of this town are still seen about 20 miles east of Jordan from the north end of the Dead Sea. There are reservoirs in this district, which are probably the “fishpools” referred to in Cant. 7:4.
(stronghold), the capital city of Sihon king of the Amorites. (Numbers 21:26) It stood on the western border of the high plain --Mishor, (Joshua 13:17) --and on the boundary line between the tribes of Reuben and Gad. The ruins of Hesban , 20 miles east of the Jordan, on the parallel of the northern end of the Dead Sea mark the site, as they bear the name; of the ancient Heshbon. There are many cisterns among the ruins. Comp. (Solomon 7:4)
A celebrated city of the Amorites, twenty miles east of the mouth of the Jordan, Jos 3:10; 13:17. It was given to Reuben; but was afterwards transferred to Gad, and then to the Levites. It had been conquered from the Moabites by Sihon, and because his capital; and was taken by the Israelites a little before the death of Moses, Nu 21:25; Jos 21:39. After the ten tribes were transplanted into the country beyond the Euphrates, the Moabites recovered it, Isa 15:4; Jer 48:2,34,45. Its ruins are still called Hesban, and cover the sides of a hill seven miles north of Medeba.
The Hebrew word אֶלְעָלֵא (*El`ale*) refers to a village in the tribe of Reuben, located near Heshbon, and is noted to be in ruins. The name is interpreted to mean 'God is ascending.' It is derived from the roots for 'God' and 'to go up,' indicating a possible significance related to ascent.
אֶלְעָלֵא, ∥ אֶלְעָלֵה n.pr.loc. (God doth ascend?) of village in the tribe of Reuben, near Heshbon, in ruins
base
H500 אֶלְעָלֵא, ∥ אֶלְעָלֵה (God doth ascend?) of village in the tribe of Reuben, near Heshbon, in ruins
500 'El`ale' el-aw-lay'
or (more properly) GEl aleh {el-aw-lay'}; from 410 and 5927;
God (is) going up; Elale or Elaleh, a place east of the
Jordan:--Elealeh.
see HEBREW for 0410
see HEBREW for 05927
אֶלְעָלֵא (el.a.le) — Elealeh.
§ Elealeh = "God is ascending"
a Reubenite village near Heshbon (in ruins)
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
e-le-a'-le ('el`aleh, "God has ascended"):
Lay in the country taken from Sihon and within the lot given to Reuben (Nu 32:3,17 f). "Their names being changed" seems to apply to all the towns mentioned. There is no indication of the other names. Elealeh is noticed with Heshbon in the oracles against Moab in Isa 15:4; 16:9; Jer 48:34. Eusebius (Onomasticon) locates it one Roman mile from Heshbon. It is represented today by el'Al, a mound crowned with ruins, about a mile North of Chesban.
Elealeh
God has ascended, a place in the pastoral country east of Jordan, in the tribe of Reuben (Num. 32:3, 37). It is not again mentioned till the time of Isaiah (15:4; 16:9) and Jeremiah (48:34). It is now an extensive ruin called el-A’al, about one mile north-east of Heshbon.
(the ascending of God), a place on the east of Jordan, taken possession of and rebuilt by the tribe of Reuben. (Numbers 32:3,37) By Isaiah and Jeremiah it is mentioned as a Moabite town. (Isaiah 15:4; 16:9; Jeremiah 48:34)
שְׂבָם (se.vam) refers to a location in Moab, possibly meaning 'fragrance.' It is identified as a town allotted to the tribes of Reuben and Gad, located near Heshbon. The entries indicate variations in spelling, such as Sibmah and Shebam, but all refer to the same place.
שְׂבָם n.pr.loc. in Moab (Reuben), near Heshbon
base
H7643 שְׂבָם in Moab (Reuben), near Heshbon
7643 Sbam seb-awm'
or (feminine) Sibmah {sib-maw'}; probably from 1313; spice;
Sebam or Sibmah, a place in Moab:--Shebam, Shibmah, Sibmah.
see HEBREW for 01313
שְׂבָם (se.vam) — Sebam.
§ Shebam or Shibmah or Sibmah = "fragrance"
one of the towns in the pastoral district on the east of the Jordan in Moab; allotted to the tribes of Reuben and Gad
שְׂבָם (se.vam) — Sibmah.
§ Shebam or Shibmah or Sibmah = "fragrance"
one of the towns in the pastoral district on the east of the Jordan in Moab; allotted to the tribes of Reuben and Gad
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
W. Ewing
נְבוֹ (nevo) refers to several locations and a deity. It denotes a city in Moab, a city in Judah, and a mountain in Moab where Moses died. Additionally, it represents a Babylonian god associated with learning, akin to Hermes and Mercury. The name is linked to the meaning 'prophet'.
נְבוֹ n.pr.loc.
city in Moab
city in Judah
mt. in Moab, where Moses died
base
נְבוֹ n.pr.div. Nebo;—Babylonian god Is 46:1.
ref
H5015a נְבוֹ . . city in Moab
. city in Judah
. mt. in Moab, where Moses died
H5015b נְבוֹ Nebo;—Babylonian god
5015 Nbow neb-o'
probably of foreign derivation; Nebo, the name of a
Babylonian deity, also of a mountain in Moab, and of a place
in Palestine:--Nebo.
נְבוֹ (ne.vo) — Nebo.
§ Nebo = "prophet"
a city in Moab and at one time assigned to Reuben; probably located on or near Mount Nebo
נְבוֹ (ne.vo) — Nebo.
§ Nebo = "prophet"
a Babylonian deity who presided over learning and letters; corresponds to Greek Hermes, Latin Mercury, and Egyptian Thoth
נְבוֹ (ne.vo) — Nebo.
§ Nebo = "prophet"
a city in Judah (maybe Benjamin) from which the families of some exiles, who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel, originally came
נְבוֹ (ne.vo) — (Mount) Nebo.
Nebo = "prophet"
the mountain where Moses died; located east of the Jordan opposite Jericho
Also named: a.va.rim (עֲבָרִים "Abarim" H5682)
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
Nebo
Proclaimer; prophet. (1.) A Chaldean god whose worship was introduced into Assyria by Pul (Isa. 46:1; Jer. 48:1). To this idol was dedicated the great temple whose ruins are still seen at Birs Nimrud. A statue of Nebo found at Calah, where it was set up by Pul, king of Assyria, is now in the British Museum.
(2.) A mountain in the land of Moab from which Moses looked for the first and the last time on the Promised Land (Deut. 32:49; 34:1). It has been identified with Jebel Nebah, on the eastern shore of the Dead Sea, near its northern end, and about 5 miles south-west of Heshbon. It was the summit of the ridge of Pisgah (q.v.), which was a part of the range of the “mountains of Abarim.” It is about 2,643 feet in height, but…
A town of Reuben on the east side of Jordan. (Numbers 32:3,38) In the remarkable prophecy adopted by Isaiah, (Isaiah 15:2) and Jeremiah, (Jeremiah 48:1,26) concerning Moab, Nebo is mentioned in the same connection as before, but in the hands of Moab. Eusebius and Jerome identify it with Nobah or Kerrath, and place it eight miles South of Heshbon, where the ruins of el-Habis appear to stand at present. (Prof. Paine identifies it with some ruins on Mount Nebo, a mile south of its summit, and Dr. Robinson seems to agree with this. --ED.) The children of Nebo returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (Ezra 2:29; 10:43; Nehemiah 7:33) The name occurs between Bethel and Ai and Lydda…
1. A town in the vicinity of Bethel and Ai, Ezr 2:29 Ne 7:33.
2. A city of Reuben, Nu 32:38, taken by the Moabites, who held it in the time of Jeremiah, Isa 15:2 Jer 48:1.
3. A mountain of Moab, whence Moses had a view of the promised land, and where he died. It is a summit of the range Abarim, "over against Jericho." Seetzen, Burckhardy, etc., identify it with Mount Attarus, about ten miles north of the Arnon. Travelers do not observe any very prominent summit in the rage immediately opposite Jericho; but it has not yet fully explored, De 32:49 34:1-12.
that speaks or prophesies
בְּעֹן (Beon) refers to a location, likely a city in the territory of Reuben, and is associated with the phrase בַּ֫עַל מְעוֹן (Baal-meon). The name may imply 'in the dwelling' or 'indwelling.' It appears in Numbers 32:3, where it is noted as a city assigned to Reuben and later possessed by Moab.
בֵּית בַּ֫עַל מְעוֹן n.pr.loc. = בְּעֹן Nu 32:3; city assigned to Reuben; possessed by Moab
base
H1194 בֵּית בַּ֫עַל מְעוֹן
1194 B`on beh-ohn'
probably a contraction of 1010; Beon, a place East of the
Jordan:--Beon.
see HEBREW for 01010
בְּעֹן (be.on) — Beon.
Beon = "in the dwelling: indwelling"
a place or city in Reuben
Another name of ba.al me.on (בַּ֫עַל מְעוֹן "Baal-meon" H1186)
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl