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Titus 3

Hendriksen
‹ Chapter 2 Titus — All Chapters Chapter 4 ›

-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 � StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size StandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanUnicode SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsItalicUnicode SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsBoldUnicode SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueSubSuperScriptTypervsssSuperScriptUnicode Jump SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsBoldfsUnderlineColorclBlueSubSuperScriptTypervsssSuperScriptUnicode Jump SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size-9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 �BiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabsStandardSpaceBefore SpaceAfterTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 3 3 8 0 0 CHAPTER III ) Outline of Chapter 3 ) Theme: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 The Apostle Paul, Writing to Titus, Gives Directions for the Promotion of the Spirit of Sanctification) 7 1 3 12 0 0 In Social (i.e. Public) Life) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 5 3 8 0 0 3:1 8 Believers should be obedient to the authorities. ) They should be kind to all men, since it was the kindness of God our Savior not our own works! which brought salvation. ) 3:9 11 On the other hand, foolish questions should be shunned, and factious men who refuse to heed admonition should be rejected. ) 3:12 15 Concluding directions with respect to kingdom-travelers (Artemas or Tychicus, Titus, Zenas, Apollos) and Cretan believers in general. Greetings. ) 3:1 8 ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 3 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 1 Remind them to be in subjection to rulers (and) to authorities, to be obedient, to be ready for every good work, 2 to revile no one, not to be contentious, to be genial, showing all mildness toward all people. ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 3 For at one time we also were without understanding, disobedient, deluded, enslaved to various passions and pleasures, living in malice and envy, detestable, hating each other. 4 But when the kindness of God our Savior and his love toward man appeared, 5 he saved us, not by virtue of works which we ourselves had performed in (a state of) righteousness, but according to his mercy through the washing of regeneration and renewing by the Holy Spirit, 6 which he poured out upon us richly through Jesus Christ our Savior, 7 in order that, having been justified by his grace, we might become heirs-in-hope of life everlasting. 8 Reliable (is) this saying, and about these matters I want you to speak with confidence, in order that those who have their faith fixed on God may be careful to apply themselves to noble deeds. These matters are excellent and beneficial for (all) people. ) To the directions for the promotion of the spirit of sanctification in congregational life (chapter 1) and in family and individual life (chapter 2) are now added: ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Directions for the promotion of the spirit of sanctification in public life.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 positive) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 part of this section is found in verses 1 8, the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 negative) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 part in verses 9 and 10, while the remaining verses of the chapter form a fitting ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 conclusion) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 to the entire letter. As to the positive part (verses 1 8) note: ) 6 8 3 8 0 0

  1. The Reminder: obey the magistrates and be kind to everyone (verses 1 and 2). ) 2. The Reason: at one time we were like these outsiders, and were it not for the sovereign kindness of God Triune we would be like them today (verses 3 7). ) a. What we were at one time: without understanding, etc. ) b. The sovereign kindness of the Father ) c. The work of the Holy Spirit ) d. The grace of Jesus Christ ) e. The purpose of all this: life everlasting for us. ) 3. The Re-affirmation: these matters must be asserted with confidence, for they are excellent and beneficial for (all) people (verse 8). ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 1 and 2. Remind them to be in subjection to rulers (and) to authorities, to be obedient, to be ready for every good work, to revile no one, not to be contentious, to be genial, showing all mildness toward all people.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Although believers, being heavenly-minded, look forward with joy to the day of the glorious appearing of him who bought them with his own precious blood, they must never forget their duty here on earth. Titus must ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 remind) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.14|AUTODETECT|” them of this 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.14|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), in order that at all times they may be ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 good citizens) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 good neighbors) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.1-54.2.7|AUTODETECT|” For the Christian s relation to the State see also on ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.1-54.2.7|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:1 7) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.24-40.17.27|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.24-40.17.27|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 17:24 27) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.15-40.22.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.15-40.22.22|AUTODETECT|” 22:15 22) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.1-45.13.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.1-45.13.7|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 13:1 7) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.13-60.2.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.13-60.2.17|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 2:13 17) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . The expression ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Remind) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.5|AUTODETECT|” them to be in subjection, probably implies that Paul had talked to the Cretans about this important matter while he was with Titus on the island 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.5|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Moreover, from the writings of Polybius and of Plutarch it appears that the Cretans were fretting and fuming under the Roman yoke. It is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 possible,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 therefore, that this circumstance had something to do with the precise nature of the present reminder. It has been pointed out by several commentators that while ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Timothy) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 at Ephesus was ordered to see to it that believers cease not ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to pray) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 for rulers, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Titus) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 is told to remind the Cretans ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to be in subjection) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.1-45.13.7|AUTODETECT|” to rulers. But see also ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.1-45.13.7|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 13:1 7) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . At any rate, the Christian message will be ineffective unless, in obedience to the fifth commandment in its broader meaning, believers render unto Cesar the things that are Cesar s, and unto God the things that are God s. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 To those, then, who not only actually ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 rule) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 but as such have also been invested with divine ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 authority) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.1|AUTODETECT|” 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.1|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 13:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) hence, to rulers and authorities believers must not only in a general way ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 outwardly subject themselves) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 but must even be ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 inwardly obedient,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 carrying out with a willing heart ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 all the particular commands;) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.29|AUTODETECT|” for example, those with respect to paying taxes, being orderly in behavior, displaying honesty in business, etc. 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.29|AUTODETECT|” Acts 5:29) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 holds whenever any human regulation clashes with the law of God.) ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.3|AUTODETECT|” Not only that, but whenever the need presents itself think of epidemics, wars, conflagrations, etc. believers must be ready to show their good spirit, in thorough co-operation with the government which protects them. Note same connection in ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.3|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 13:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . They must not only be thoroughly equipped but also ready and eager for ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 every good work) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.1|AUTODETECT|” 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.1|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.17|AUTODETECT|” and ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.17|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 The expression ready for every good work forms a natural bridge between the duties which believers owe to their government and those which they owe to their neighbors. ) In the five requirements which follow, a climax is clearly observable. It stands to reason that believers should never ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 revile) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” any one 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Not many believers will even need such a reminder. Insulting and abusive language is surely out of place for anyone, certainly for believers. A more stringent requirement is the one which demands that believers be not even ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 contentious) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 quarrelsome) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.3|AUTODETECT|” 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.3|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). But more than the absence of a vice is expected of them. A positive virtue must display itself in all their contacts with those outside the church: Christians must be ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 genial) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.3|AUTODETECT|” 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.3|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), that is, ready to yield personal advantage, eager to help the needy, kind to the weak, considerate toward the fallen, always filled with the spirit of sweet reasonableness. The climax is surely reached with the words: showing ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 all) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.25|AUTODETECT|” mildness 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.25|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:25) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) toward ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 all) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 people. Note the play on words,��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref1 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn1”
  1. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� reflected also in the ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref2 10 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn2” A.V.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 and ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref3 10 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn3” A.R.V.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 renderings. Showing ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 some) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 mildness toward ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 some) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 people might not be so difficult. Nor showing ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 all) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 7 1 -1 9 0 0 complete, thorough-going) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) mildness to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 some) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 people, or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 some) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 mildness to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 all) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 people. But to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 show all) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 mildness to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 all) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 people, even to all those Cretan liars, evil brutes, and lazy bellies, was an assignment impossible of fulfilment apart from God s special grace! ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 3.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 The reason why this ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 must,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 nevertheless, be done 7 1 -1 9 0 0 can) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 be done) is stated in the beautiful passage beginning with the words: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 For at one time we also were without understanding, disobedient, deluded, enslaved to various passions and pleasures, living in malice and envy, detestable, hating each other.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Reflection upon our own former condition makes it easier for us to be mild and kind toward others. Note, For at one time ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 we) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 also were & ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 We) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.13|AUTODETECT|” means: I, Paul, who write the letter; you, Titus, who receive it; and further, all believers in Crete, and in fact, all believers everywhere. Paul, too, had been a slave of sin. To be sure, he had been zealous for the traditions, but at the same time he had been persecuting the church 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.13|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.11-48.1.17|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.11-48.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 1:11 17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.2|AUTODETECT|” ). As to what Titus had been, read ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.2|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.3|AUTODETECT|”
  2. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.4|AUTODETECT|” . This merciful inclusion of oneself is very effective and appealing. It causes the reader (Titus) and the hearers (the Cretan believers when the letter is read to them) to feel that the writer is standing on common ground with them and understands them 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.9|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.9|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Moreover, the sharp contrast between what men ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 were) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 in their state of sin and what they ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 have become) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.12-54.1.17|AUTODETECT|” since they entered the state of grace encourages gratitude to God; hence also goodwill toward the neighbor who was made in God s image. 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.12-54.1.17|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:12 17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.17-45.6.23|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.17-45.6.23|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 6:17 23) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.11|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 6:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.2-49.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.2-49.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:2 13) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.8|AUTODETECT|” 5:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.7|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ; and cf. ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.4.3|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 4:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 .) ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 We are not surprised, then, to notice that over against the seven virtues mentioned in verses 1 and 2, showing ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 what (Cretan) believers should be,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 are placed an equal number of vices (verse 3) showing ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 what we once were) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 We were ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 without understanding) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.9|AUTODETECT|” 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.9|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), not only ignorant, but by nature actually ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 unable) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.14|AUTODETECT|” to discern the things of the Spirit 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.14|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 2:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.21|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.18|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:18) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Disobedient) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.6|AUTODETECT|” to both divine and human authority 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.10|AUTODETECT|”
  3. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.1|AUTODETECT|” 3:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.2|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.30|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.30|AUTODETECT|”
  4. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), heeding neither the voice of conscience nor the admonitions of parents or the laws of civil magistrates. ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Deluded) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.13|AUTODETECT|” 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.13|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), made to wander from the truth, living in a world of unreality, imagining that license is liberty. Though we considered ourselves to be free, we had become slaves: ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Enslaved to various passions and pleasures,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 allowing these strong evil desires to dominate our life and conduct. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 passions) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.22|AUTODETECT|” see on ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.22|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:22) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.6|AUTODETECT|” 3:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , and for ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 pleasures) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.14|AUTODETECT|” cf. ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.14|AUTODETECT|” Luke 8:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.4.1|AUTODETECT|” James 4:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.4.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.4.3|AUTODETECT|”
  5. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.2.13|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 2:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.18-45.1.32|AUTODETECT|” .) The world apart from Christ passes in review, and what a sorry spectacle it is. Here we come: the glutton and the toper, the miser and the spend-thrift, the mad-cap and the dotard, the sports-worshiper and the sluggard, the fraud and the fop, the sadist and the rapist, the tiger and the wolf. Cf. ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.18-45.1.32|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:18 32) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.19-48.5.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.19-48.5.21|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:19 21) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Some serve one master, some another, but by nature all are slaves to those terrible drives which they have never learned to control, and which, according to some modern psychologists they should not even try too strenuously to hold down! ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Living) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 7 1 -1 9 0 0 leading, ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 a life) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.2|AUTODETECT|” understood; cf. ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.2|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 in malice and envy) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . This ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 malice) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 is not mere mischief as in With Malice Toward ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Some. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 No, it is badness, perversity, wickedness; especially the evil disposition of the mind. One of its most soul-destroying manifestations is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 envy,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 an evil which, as the probable etymology of the Greek word implies, causes one ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to waste away) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.14.30|AUTODETECT|” . Has not envy been called that vice whose rage nothing can allay, the eldest-born of hell ? Does it not feed on the living, never ceasing until they are dead? Is it not the rottenness of the bones ? 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.14.30|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 14:30) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). See also what ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Paul) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” says about it elsewhere 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.29|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.29|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:29) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.21|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.15|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:15) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.18|AUTODETECT|” ) and cf. ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.18|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 27:18) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.15.10|AUTODETECT|” Mark 15:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.4.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.4.5|AUTODETECT|” James 4:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.1|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.1|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 2:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Our English word ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 envy) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 is from the Latin ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 in-video) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , meaning to look against, that is, to look with ill-will at another person because of what he is or has. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Jealousy,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 it has been well said, is afraid of losing what it has; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 envy) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 hates to see another person have something. Thus, Mr. A. is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 jealous) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 of his own honor, and is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 envious) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 of Mr. B. s superior skill.) It was envy which caused the murder of Abel, threw Joseph into a pit, caused Korah, Dathan, and Abiram to rebel against Moses and Aaron, made Saul pursue David, gave rise to the bitter words which the elder brother (in the Parable of the Prodigal Son) addressed to his father, and crucified Christ. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Love) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.13.4|AUTODETECT|” never envies 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.13.4|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 13:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Detestable,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 odious, fulsome, offensive, disgusting, repulsive. In the New Testament the word used in the original occurs only here, but Philo the Jew (20 b.c. a.d. 50) also uses it. The unconverted sinner by means of his attitude to God and man causes ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 loathing) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Hence: ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Hating each other.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 This is the natural result when detestable people in all their gruesomeness are nevertheless forced somehow to live with each other and to meet each other in a hundred different ways. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Such were we at one time, says Paul. Hence, let us not be too hard on the people who are still in that condition, but let us strive by godly conduct to win them for Christ. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 4 6.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 And let us do this from the motive of gratitude for what we ourselves have received. Hence, Paul continues, ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 But when the kindness of God our Savior and his love toward man appeared, he saved us.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 What a striking contrast, a ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 double) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 contrast, in fact! (1) Over against man s inhumanity to man pictured in verse 3, is portrayed God s ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 benignity) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 7 1 -1 9 0 0 only) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.4|AUTODETECT|” by Paul: ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 2:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.12|AUTODETECT|” 3:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.22|AUTODETECT|” 11:22) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , etc.) and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 love) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.2|AUTODETECT|” for man 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.2|AUTODETECT|” Acts 28:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). And (2) upon the Stygian darkness of our ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 past) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (verse 3) ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 dawns) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 dramatically the light of the Father s kindliness and pity which brought us into the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 present) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 state of grace. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 epiphany) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.11|AUTODETECT|” mentioned earlier; see on ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 .) ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 This, let it be emphasized, is more than an ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 argument) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . It ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 is) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 an argument, to be sure, as has already been pointed out. But it is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 more) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 than that. It is the outpouring (in proverbial language; see on verse 8) of a heart which is glowing with love in return for God s love. It must be borne in mind that Paul writes as one who has in his own life ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 experienced) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 all this. He does not stand next to his story, but he is himself part of it. Hence, these words about the kindness of God our Savior and his love toward man are as warm and tender as was the heart of this same apostle, a man who was often seen to weep, and who once wrote very touchingly, The Son of God loved ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 me,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 and gave himself up & ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 for me! ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.20|AUTODETECT|” 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.20|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:20) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The expression the kindness and the love toward man is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 one) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 concept; hence, the verb in the original is singular. The ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 expression) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 as such is found also in the works of pagan moralists, but the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 content) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.4|AUTODETECT|” as used here in ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.4|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 is unique. Here is not the kindness and the love ascribed to some earthly ruler upon whom the praises of men are being showered, praises which he has hardly deserved; but here is the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 real) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 benignity and love. The expression love-toward-man is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 one) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 word, exactly the same word as our philanthropy. Nevertheless, since in present English usage the term philanthropy is often understood as referring only to the work of practical benevolence, a work of which men are the authors as well as the recipients, it is probably best to retain the beautiful rendering which is found in our common English versions; for certainly, as Paul uses the term it combines both the love itself and its generous outpouring upon mankind. By retaining the rendering ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 love) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” toward man one is immediately reminded of ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” John 3:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , which beautifully expresses the truth which the apostle had in mind. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 It was the kindness and the love of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 God our Savior) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.1|AUTODETECT|” 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.10|AUTODETECT|” 2:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) which came to man s rescue. It was he, namely, God the Father, who ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 saved) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.15|AUTODETECT|” us, rescuing us from the greatest evil and bestowing upon us the greatest blessing 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.15|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:15) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). He saved ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 us:) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Paul, Titus, in fact all those who in course of time become the recipients of this great blessing. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Now, in order to make us all-the-more-ready to help others who as yet are unsaved, and to prevent us from ever saying, But they ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 do not deserve) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 our help, Paul stresses the fact that we, on our part, did not deserve our salvation either. He does this by pointing out that ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 negatively) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 the Father saved us ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 not by works which we ourselves had performed in (a state of) righteousness,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 positively) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 but according to his own mercy.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 So strong is Paul s emphasis upon this completely ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 sovereign) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (that is, by us wholly unmerited) character of our salvation, that (as is clear in the original; and see also the renderings of the A.V. and A.R.V.) he causes this entire lengthy compound phrase to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 precede) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 the verb ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 saved) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Thus, A.V. has: ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 4 But after that the kindness and love of God our Saviour toward man appeared, 5 Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us & ) As concerns the word-order, that rendering is correct. The only objection which many have felt is this, that, unless one pays very close attention to the punctuation, he is in danger of mentally construing the compound phrase as if it were a modifier of the verb ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 appeared,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 and not of the verb ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 saved) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Not ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 by) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.16|AUTODETECT|” 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.16|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) works which we ourselves had performed in a state of righteousness. The implication is: there were no such works. Neither Paul nor anyone else had ever performed such a work, for before God and his holy law ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 all) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.9|AUTODETECT|” both Jews and pagans are by nature under sin 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.9|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 3:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Hence, if men are ever to be saved at all, it can only be done according to his (God s) own mercy. Note, not only are men saved ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 of) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 by) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 on the basis of) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 his mercy (all this, to be sure, is implied), but ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 according to) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.7|AUTODETECT|” his mercy, the wideness of God s mercy being the yardstick which determines the wideness of their salvation 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Other passages of Scripture which similarly emphasize the completely sovereign character of God s grace in saving man are quoted on p. 307 of ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref4 10 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn4” N.T.C.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 on John, Vol. II.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref5 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn5”
  6. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� God s ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 mercy) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.2|AUTODETECT|” 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.2|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) is his ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 kindness) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 pity) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 to those ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 in need) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 in distress) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The means employed in saving us is indicated by an additional modifier of the verb ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 he saved,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 namely, ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 through a washing of regeneration and renewing by the Holy Spirit.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Note through ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 a washing ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (�������, -��), not through ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 a laver) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 basin for washing. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 The washing referred to is wholly spiritual. It is that of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 regeneration and renewing,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 regarded as one concept. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The term ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 regeneration) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 as applied to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 individuals) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.28|AUTODETECT|” occurs only in this one New Testament passage. 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 19:28) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 has reference to the cosmic regeneration.) Literally it means ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 new birth,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 the being born again 7 1 -1 9 0 0 palin) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 = again, plus ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 genesia) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 = birth; hence, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 palin-genesia) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). But though ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the word) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 occurs only this once, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the idea) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.13|AUTODETECT|” is found in many other passages 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.13|AUTODETECT|” John 1:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.3|AUTODETECT|” 3:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.5-43.3.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.5-43.3.8|AUTODETECT|” 5 8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.23|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:23) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.2.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.2.29|AUTODETECT|” I John 2:29) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.9|AUTODETECT|” 3:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.7|AUTODETECT|” 4:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.1|AUTODETECT|” 5:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.4|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.4|AUTODETECT|”
  7. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.18|AUTODETECT|”
  8. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.17|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. also ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.17|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.15|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 6:15) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.5|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.24|AUTODETECT|” 4:24) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). I know of no better definition than that which is given by L. Berkhof, namely, Regeneration is that act of God by which the principle of the new life is implanted in man, the governing disposition of the soul is made holy, and the first holy exercise of this new disposition is secured. ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref6 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn6”
  9. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 The present passage, in connection with its context, places emphasis on the following particulars in connection with this wonderful work of God: ) (1) It is the work of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the Holy Spirit) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . This stands to reason, for in Scripture it is especially the third person of the Trinity who is represented as the bestower of life; hence, also of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 spiritual) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 life. Also, it is he, the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Holy) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Spirit, who takes the lead, as it were, in the work of making men ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 holy) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 (2) It precedes and gives rise to the process of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 renewing) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . While the latter is a life-long activity, the former is a single act, an instantaneous change. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 (3) It affects the entire man. Note: he saved ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 us. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 (4) It is a ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 radical) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 change, so that those who beforehand were loaded down with the seven vices mentioned in verse 3 are now ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 in principle) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 adorned with the seven virtues mentioned in the verses 1 and 2. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The word ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 renewing) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.2|AUTODETECT|” is found also in ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.2|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 12:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . That passage indicates that although this work, as well as regeneration, is ascribed to the Holy Spirit, nevertheless, there is this difference: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 regeneration) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 is entirely the work of God, but in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 renewing) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 sanctification) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 man as well as God takes part. While ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 regeneration) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 is never directly perceived by man, and becomes known to him only because of its effects, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 renewal) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 requires the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 conscious) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 continued) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 surrender of man s whole personality to the will of God. ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 For the definition I quote once more L. Berkhof (p. 532 of the work mentioned in footnote 208): ) Sanctification is that gracious and continuous operation of the Holy Spirit, by which he delivers the justified sinner from the pollution of sin, renews his whole nature in the image of God, and enables him to perform good works. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.3|AUTODETECT|” It is clear from such passages as ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.3|AUTODETECT|” John 3:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.5|AUTODETECT|”
  10. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.26|AUTODETECT|” and especially ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.26|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:26) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.22|AUTODETECT|” 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.22|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 10:22) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.5|AUTODETECT|” ) that this washing of regeneration and renewing stands in some relation to the rite of baptism. Undoubtedly, also here in ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.5|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 there is an implied reference to this sacrament. However, discussing that problem ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 here,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 while commenting on a passage in which the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 water) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.3|AUTODETECT|” is not even mentioned, would take us too far afield. See, however, N.T.C. on ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.3|AUTODETECT|” John 3:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.5|AUTODETECT|”
  11. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Now, in order to place still more emphasis on the fact that believers do not have a reason for falling short in their duty of winning others for Christ through godly conduct, Paul adds the following words, with reference to the kindness of God in saving us and imparting to us his ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 enabling) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Spirit: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 which) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 8 1 -1 9 0 0 whom,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 namely, this Spirit) ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 he) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (namely, God the Father) ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 poured out upon us richly through Jesus Christ our Savior.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Note how in this passage God the Father, God the Spirit, and God the Son are beautifully combined. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.17|AUTODETECT|” God the Father not only gives his Son but also pours out his Spirit. The reference is to Pentecost 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.17|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.18|AUTODETECT|”
  12. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.33|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.33|AUTODETECT|”
  13. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Organically speaking, the Spirit was poured out upon the church of the present and of the future; for, that Spirit having once established his personal residence in the church, never leaves it again. Hence, Paul can say, whom he poured out upon ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 us. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The adverb ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 richly) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.16|AUTODETECT|” indicates the rich supply of spiritual gifts which results from this outpouring. No one has any right to say, I can do nothing in the kingdom, since God has given me nothing. The beautiful phrase through Jesus Christ our Savior indicates that the latter through his atoning sacrifice and prayer secured for his people the gift of the Holy Spirit 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.16|AUTODETECT|” John 14:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.7|AUTODETECT|” 16:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 7.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Our former state, described in verse 3, has ended. The blessings described in verses 4 6 have been and are being received. Their purpose and result is now stated: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 in order that, having been justified by his grace, we might become heirs-in-hope of life everlasting.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 The process of reasoning which we find in these verses (verses 3 7) is familiar to the student of Paul s epistles. Note the three stages: ) We ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 were) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 by nature children of wrath we ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 have been made) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 alive we ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 now look forward) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.1-49.2.10|AUTODETECT|” by faith to the ages to come when we shall receive even greater glory 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.1-49.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:1 10) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ); ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 We ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 were) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 idol-worshippers we ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 now) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 serve the true and living God we ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 await) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.9|AUTODETECT|” the coming of the Son of God from heaven 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.9|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.10|AUTODETECT|”
  14. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.13-52.4.18|AUTODETECT|” ), and our everlasting fellowship with him 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.13-52.4.18|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 4:13 18) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 We ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 were) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ungodly and ruled by worldly passions we ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 have renounced) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 all this and are now living lives of self-mastery and fairness and devotion we ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 are waiting for) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.11-56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” the realization of the blessed hope 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.11-56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:11 13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Having just mentioned Jesus Christ our Savior, Paul, still thinking about the grace of God in Christ, continues, in order that having been justified by ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 his) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 grace (as effective, meriting cause), etc. Note the aorist passive participle ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 having been justified) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . This does not mean having been made upright. ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref7 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn7”
  15. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� It means ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 having been declared righteous.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|” Justification is that act of God the Father whereby he counts our sins to be Christ s, and Christ s righteousness to be ours 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It is the opposite of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 condemnation) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.33|AUTODETECT|” 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.33|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:33) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.34|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.34|AUTODETECT|”
  16. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.11-48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” ). It implies deliverance from the curse of God because that curse was placed on Christ 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.11-48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:11 13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It means ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 forgiveness) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.6-45.4.8|AUTODETECT|” full and free 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.6-45.4.8|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 4:6 8) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It is God s free gift, the fruit of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 sovereign grace,) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.24|AUTODETECT|” and not in any way the result of human goodness or accomplishment 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.24|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 3:24) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.5|AUTODETECT|” 5:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.8|AUTODETECT|”
  17. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.9|AUTODETECT|”
  18. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ). It brings peace to the soul 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.2|AUTODETECT|” ), a peace that passes all understanding. It fills the heart with such thanksgiving that it produces in the life of the believer a rich harvest of good works. Hence, justification and sanctification, though ever distinct, are never separate but stand in the closest possible relation to each other 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.2|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 6:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.1|AUTODETECT|” 8:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.2|AUTODETECT|”
  19. 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The purpose, then, of the work of God in saving us is that & we might become heirs & of life everlasting ; that is, that ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 even now in this present life) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 we might have the right as children to look forward to the full possession of that which we now possess only ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 in principle) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” . When that future day arrives, we shall rejoice in the richest possible (because sinless!) fellowship with God in Christ 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” John 3:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.3|AUTODETECT|” 17:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.5.42|AUTODETECT|” ), basking in the sunshine of his love 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.5.42|AUTODETECT|” John 5:42) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.13|AUTODETECT|” ) and partaking, to the fullest extent possible for man, of his joy and glory 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.13|AUTODETECT|” John 17:13) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). That life differs, accordingly, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 in essence) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 from the life (?) of the unbeliever, and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 in degree) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 even from the life of the believer here below. It is, moreover, actually ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ever-lasting,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 that is, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 never-ending) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Of that life as it is in principle we are ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 now) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 the possessors; and of that life as it will be in perfection we are ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 even now) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 the heirs, but heirs-in-hope, hoping heirs. But this hope will ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 certainly) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.5|AUTODETECT|” be realized 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.5|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 8.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Reflecting on the gospel-summary given in verses 4 7 the apostle continues: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 Reliable (is) this saying, and about these matters I want you to speak with confidence, in order that those who have their faith fixed on God may be careful to apply themselves to noble deeds.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.15|AUTODETECT|” This, then (that is, verses 4 7), was the last of the five great sayings. See on ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.15|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:15) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 for the meaning of the introductory formula, Reliable is the saying. It is about ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 these) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 matters namely, a. the kindness of the Father and his love toward man; b. the work of the Holy Spirit in regenerating and renewing man; c. the grace of Jesus Christ considered as the effective cause of our justification; and d. the purpose of all this: that we might become what we are today, heirs-in-hope of life everlasting that Paul wants Titus ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to speak with confidence) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.7|AUTODETECT|” . Others, to be sure, speak with confidence about frivolous matters; matters, moreover, about which they know nothing 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.7|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ; and see on verse 9 below). Let Titus then stress those matters of which he has become firmly and rightfully convinced, the purpose being that those who have their faith fixed on God (note perfect participle, indicating both the past action and the present abiding result) ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 may be careful to apply themselves) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 to noble deeds. They should concentrate their ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 thought) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 on such deeds of gratitude, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 applying) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 themselves with diligence to their performance, and making this their chief business. ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 These matters) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 that is, the things just mentioned: the kindness of the Father, the work of the Holy Spirit, etc. ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 are excellent and beneficial for (all) people.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Not only are these things excellent in themselves, but they are also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 beneficial) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 7 1 -1 9 0 0 useful, profitable;) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.8|AUTODETECT|” see on ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.8|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.16|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ; also in classical Greek and in the papyri). Moreover, when appropriated by faith, they benefit ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 men in general,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 not this or that particular class. They bring life, light, joy, and peace where before there was death, darkness, sadness, and fear. ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 3:9 11 ) 9 But as for foolish inquiries and genealogies and wrangling and skirmishes about the law, shun them, for they are unprofitable and futile. 10 After a first and a second warning have nothing further to do with a factious person, 11 knowing that such an individual is distorted and sins, being self-condemned. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 9.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 A few negative directions are now added: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 But as for foolish inquiries and genealogies and wrangling and skirmishes about the law, shun them, for they are unprofitable and futile.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 This is in strong contrast with the preceding: Titus must ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 do) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 the one, but ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 avoid) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 the other. The order of the words in the sentence (the compound object placed before the verb) and the absence of the article before any of the four nouns, these facts clearly prove that all possible emphasis is placed on the quality and contents of the object. It is exactly ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 foolish inquiries,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 namely, investigations into genealogical lore, that must be avoided. It is precisely ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 wrangling,) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.9|AUTODETECT|” namely, skirmishes about the law, that must be given a wide berth. See also on ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.10|AUTODETECT|”
  20. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.14|AUTODETECT|”
  21. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.3-54.1.7|AUTODETECT|” . The matters referred to have been described in detail in connection with ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.3-54.1.7|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:3 7) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.19|AUTODETECT|”
  22. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.20|AUTODETECT|”
  23. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.3-54.6.5|AUTODETECT|” and ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.3-54.6.5|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:3 5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.16|AUTODETECT|” (see on these passages). Let Titus then shun 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.16|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) the Jewish legends and the stipulations, the inquiries and the wrangling. When he sees them coming, let him turn around and flee! Let him see these things for what they truly are: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 unprofitable, futile) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . What a sharp contrast between all this ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 useless) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 nonsense and the very ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 useful) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 matters about which Paul has just spoken in verses 4 7 (see also verse 8). A minister who does justice to the latter will have no time for the former. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 10, 11.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 And what must be the attitude of Titus toward those church-members who are roped in by these specialists in genealogical lore and by these law-skirmishers, and who begin to make propaganda for this unworthy cause? Says Paul: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 After a first��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref8 11 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn8”
  24. 8 1 -1 9 0 0 �� and a second warning have nothing further to do with a factious person, knowing that such an individual is distorted and sins, being self-condemned.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Paul speaks about a heretical person. Originally, the word heresy (�5�����) simply meant that which one chooses for himself, an opinion. This meaning gave rise to another, namely, a set of persons professing certain definite principles or opinions, hence a ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 school) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 party;) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.17|AUTODETECT|” for example, the party of the Sadducees 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.17|AUTODETECT|” Acts 5:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.5|AUTODETECT|” ), and the party of the Pharisees 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.5|AUTODETECT|” Acts 15:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.5|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.5|AUTODETECT|” 26:5) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 While in certain contexts this neutral meaning persisted for a while, the term began to be used also in an unfavorable sense. Cf. our English word ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 faction) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . In that sense there were ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 factions) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 in Corinth ( I am of Paul, I am of Apollos, etc.). When Tertullus called Paul a ringleader of the ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 faction) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 7 1 -1 9 0 0 sect) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.14|AUTODETECT|” ) of the Nazarenes, he was not trying to pay him a compliment. Cf. also ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.14|AUTODETECT|” Acts 24:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 where Paul says, after the Way which ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 they) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 call a ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 faction) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 7 1 -1 9 0 0 sect) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.22|AUTODETECT|” ). And see ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.22|AUTODETECT|” Acts 28:22) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Accordingly, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 a factious person) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 is here a person who without justification creates division. In the light of the context it is probable that the rendering a heretic is not far off. At any rate, the word is moving in that direction. The factious person of whom the apostle is thinking has accepted the sinister philosophy of the Cretan errorists who specialized in foolish inquiries and law-skirmishes (see on verse 9). As has become clear, their error touched both doctrine and life, as is usually the case. It is true, of course, that the term as here used need not be restricted to a particular type of fanatic. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Every) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 factious person stands condemned here. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The apostle demands that when the time is ripe such a person shall be ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 rejected) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . The expression Have nothing further to do with must be taken in the sense of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 refuse, reject) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.11|AUTODETECT|” 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.11|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.23|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:23) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.15-40.18.17|AUTODETECT|” ). There seems to be a reference here to ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.15-40.18.17|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 18:15 17) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Official exclusion from church-membership is probably indicated. This is not surprising, for Titus will know ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 that such an individual) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.18|AUTODETECT|” 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.18|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 16:18) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , etc.), who not only creates division but also after repeated warnings persists in this practice, is distorted and is sinning. The word rendered is distorted is very descriptive. Such a person is not living and seeing ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 straight) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . He is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 mentally and morally turned) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 twisted) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . He is even worse than the man who colloquially is sometimes called a screw-ball. He is actually living in sin. What makes his sin very bad is the fact that ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 he knows) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 that he is sinning. If his conscience has not already spoken plainly, he has at least been warned, and that not once but twice. Hence, he sins being self-condemned. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 In this connection the qualification is very important, namely, After a first and a second ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 warning) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 7 1 -1 9 0 0 admonition) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Both this noun and the cognate verb 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to warn, to admonish;) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 literally ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to put in mind) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.11|AUTODETECT|” ) are used elsewhere only by Paul 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.11|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 10:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.4|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.31|AUTODETECT|” ; for the verb, ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.31|AUTODETECT|” Acts 20:31) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.14|AUTODETECT|” : Paul speaking; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.14|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 15:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.14|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 4:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.28|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:28) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.16|AUTODETECT|” 3:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.12|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.14|AUTODETECT|”
  25. 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.15|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 3:15) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.12.25|AUTODETECT|” ). The qualification indicates that, according to Pauline teaching, discipline must ever spring from love, from a desire to heal, never from a desire to get rid of an individual. Much patience must be shown. Even when the error is very grievous and dangerous, as in the present instance, every effort must be put forth to win the erring one. If the member, having been lovingly warned, refuses to repent and continues his evil work in the midst of the congregation, the church through its officers and by means of the entire membership must redouble its efforts. There must be a second warning.

But if even this remedy fails, he must be expelled. Even this extreme measure has as one of its purposes the reclamation of the sinner. This, however, can never be the only purpose. The welfare of the entire church 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.25|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 12:25) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.14|AUTODETECT|” ) unto the glory of God must never be lost sight of. That, after all, is the main objective of discipline 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.14|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 3:14) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 3 3 8 0 0 3:12 15 ) 12 As soon as I shall have sent Artemas or Tychicus to you, do your best to come to me at Nicopolis, for I have decided to spend the winter there. 13 Do all you can to help along on their journey Zenas the law-expert and Apollos, so that they may lack nothing. 14 Besides, let also our people learn to apply themselves to noble deeds for these occasions of imperative need, in order that they may not be unfruitful. ) 15 All those who are with me send you greetings. Greet those who love us in faith. Grace��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref9 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn9” 211) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� (be) with you all. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 12.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 The ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 body) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.1-56.3.11|AUTODETECT|” of the letter 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.1-56.3.11|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:1 3:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) is finished. Was it written by ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 an amanuensis) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 who faithfully reproduced Paul s message, retaining in every instance the latter s style, hence also most of his words, but here and there making use of his own vocabulary, the whole having been subsequently approved by the apostle? And did Paul then add verses 12 15, writing ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 them) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.17|AUTODETECT|” with his own hand ? See N.T.C. on ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.17|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 3:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . However that may be, fact is that, as could be expected, the concluding section consists almost entirely of words which are also found in the Ten (Paul s epistles apart from the Pastorals).��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref10 9 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn10” 212) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Says Paul: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 As soon as I shall have sent Artemas or Tychicus to you, do your best to come to me at Nicopolis, for I have decided to spend the winter there.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 At this moment Paul is probably somewhere in Macedonia (Philippi?). He is certainly not in Nicopolis, though the subscription found in late manuscripts states that it was from that place that the letter to Titus was sent. If that had been true, Paul could not have written, I have decided to spend the winter ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 there. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 The apostle desires to spend the winter with Titus. He has decided upon Nicopolis as the meeting-place. Since this name is mentioned without any further clarification, it probably refers to the most well-known of all the Victory Cities, namely, the one situated on the southwest promontory of Epirus, in Greece. Its site was a few miles north of the modern Preveza. The ancient city of Nicopolis had been founded and had been constituted a Roman colony by Augustus, as a memorial to his ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 victory) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 over Antony and Cleopatra at nearby Actium (31 b.c.). ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 Nicopolis was certainly a suitable meeting-place, and this for one or more of several possible reasons, such as: ) It was more or less centrally located: Paul would have to travel almost as far southwest as Titus would have to travel northwest. Consult a map. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.27.12|AUTODETECT|” It was a fine winter-resort. Moreover, the winter-months were not suitable for sea-travel 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.27.12|AUTODETECT|” Acts 27:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.11|AUTODETECT|” 28:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.6|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 16:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.21|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.21|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.10|AUTODETECT|” It was an excellent base of operations for mission-activity in Dalmatia. It seems probable that Titus actually reached Nicopolis, and performed some evangelistic work in Dalmatia, to which he returned at a later time 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.10|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 It was a fine stepping-stone to places farther west. Did Paul intend to go from there to Spain as soon as the winter-season was over? ) But although Titus must ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 do his best) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.15|AUTODETECT|” 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.15|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:15) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.9|AUTODETECT|” 4:9) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.3|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:3) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.17|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:17) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) to meet Paul at Nicopolis, Crete must not be left without a good leader. Conditions were too serious to permit even a brief period of vacancy. As soon as a replacement arrives, Titus can leave, but not before. Note that Paul does not say, The Cretans can easily take care of themselves during your absence. He realizes that churches cannot be made indigenous over-night. As long as leadership from the outside is necessary, it must be provided. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.12|AUTODETECT|” So Paul is going to send either Artemas or Tychicus. Both of these men may be regarded as Paul s co-workers and envoys, performing kingdom-work under his authority and supervision. The name Artemas is probably an abbreviation of Artemidorus, meaning gift of Artemas, the Greek goddess of hunting, corresponding to the Roman Diana. No further reliable information has come down to us with reference to this man. What is known about Tychicus has been summarized in ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.12|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ; see on that passage. His name, meaning fortuitous may be connected with that of the Greek goddess Tyche, that is, Fortune . ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.12|AUTODETECT|” There are those who think that when Paul had to make up his mind whom to send to Crete, whether Artemas or Tychicus, he commissioned Artemas for that task. They deduce this from the fact that during his second imprisonment the apostle reports that he has commissioned Tychicus for Ephesus 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.12|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). This could be a questionable deduction. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 13.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 With reference to the bearers of the letter Paul has a friendly word: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 Do all you can to help along on their journey Zenas the law-expert and Apollos, so that they may lack nothing.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 What kind of law-expert was Zenas? Before his conversion to the Christian faith, had he been an expounder of the law of Moses , or was he a Roman jurist or lawyer with whose assistance a will was made or a lawsuit was instituted? Some prefer the latter view, giving as their reason that the man could hardly have been a Jew since he has a Greek name, a name which is probably an abbreviation of Zenodorus, meaning gift of Zeus. But there were many Jews with Greek names. Were not ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Paulos) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Apollos Jews) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 with Greek names? Others, putting two and two together in an interesting way, surmise that Zenas as well as Apollos was a Jew, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 and) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 that both of these good Christians who were also experts in Jewish lore were sent to Crete in order to curb the influence of those who specialized in Jewish myths at the expense of the true gospel. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 This may be true, but all we really know is that Zenas, in some sense a law-expert, and Apollos, who were in all probability bearers of the letter, were on a journey, and that Titus is ordered to do everything possible ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to help them along) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 on this trip. To what ultimate destination? Again, we simply do not know. These men must be provided with food and lodging while in Crete, and must be aided in every way so that, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 lacking nothing,) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 they may be able to continue their travels. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.24|AUTODETECT|” Apollos is a familiar figure. He was a Jew, a native of Alexandria 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.24|AUTODETECT|” Acts 18:24) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.26|AUTODETECT|” ), the famous Egyptian library-and-university-city which had been founded by Alexander the Great in the year 332 b.c. He was, moreover, an orator, mighty in the scriptures. Having come to Ephesus, where he spoke boldly in the synagogue, he had been taught the way of God more accurately by Priscilla and Aquila 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.26|AUTODETECT|” Acts 18:26) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.27|AUTODETECT|” ). Thus equipped, he had gone to the province of Achaia where he proved to be a great blessing to believers, and powerfully confuted the Jews, and that publicly, showing by the scriptures that Jesus was the Christ 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.27|AUTODETECT|” Acts 18:27) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.28|AUTODETECT|” 28) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.12|AUTODETECT|” ). Afterward he had returned to Ephesus 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.12|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 16:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.6|AUTODETECT|” ). He was a good friend of Paul 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.3.6|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 3:6) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.12|AUTODETECT|” ). We may be sure that both Paul and Apollos were grieved by the party-spirit which plagued the Corinthian church 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.12|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:12) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 14.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Titus, then, must help these men along on their journey, but he should not try to shoulder the burden ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 alone) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . Hence, Paul continues, ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 Besides, let also our people learn to apply themselves to noble deeds for these occasions of imperative need, in order that they may not be unfruitful.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 In the light of the immediate context the meaning must be: Titus, do not fail to encourage ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 our folks) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 (see p. 11), that is, the believers on the island of Crete, to co-operate wholeheartedly in all these manifestations of generosity. They should ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 keep on learning) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 things of this kind, that is, they should ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 become experienced) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.4|AUTODETECT|” in well-doing 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.4|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:4) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.11|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 4:11) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), just as Paul himself had ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 learned) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 to be content in whatsoever state he was. This learning through practice is the finest self-education anyone could ever desire. ) 6 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.34|AUTODETECT|” The Cretan believers, then, should learn to apply themselves to noble deeds (see on verse 8; cf. verse 1) for these imperative needs (thus literally). Cf. ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.34|AUTODETECT|” Acts 20:34) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.10|AUTODETECT|” 28:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.25|AUTODETECT|” . If Paul was at Philippi when he wrote this letter, he did not have far to look in order to point to brilliant examples of men and women who understood this duty and were learning it better and better right along 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.25|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:25) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.16|AUTODETECT|” 4:16) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.15|AUTODETECT|” ). The purpose is: in order that they may not be unfruitful 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.15|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 7:15) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.8|AUTODETECT|” 13:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.23|AUTODETECT|” 23) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.8|AUTODETECT|” John 15:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.22|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:22) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The author of this epistle realizes fully that though grace is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the root) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.7|AUTODETECT|” 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.7|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:7) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:8) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ), noble deeds are ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 the fruit) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.10|AUTODETECT|” 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:10) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) of the tree of salvation. ) 8 1 3 8 0 0 15.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 The farewell greeting consists of three parts: ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 All those who are with me send you greetings.) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.21|AUTODETECT|” All the fellow-workers who are in the company of (����) the apostle send greetings to Titus. Cf. ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.21|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:21) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.34|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.34|AUTODETECT|” Acts 20:34) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 Greet those who love us in faith.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Titus is asked to convey the greetings of Paul and of his companions to those who are filled with affection for them in the sphere of the Christian faith. ) 8 1 -1 9 0 0 Grace (be) with you all.) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Upon all the believers who hear this letter when it is read to them God s favor in Christ for those who have not deserved it is pronounced. In their ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 midst) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|” (����) it will dwell, filling their hearts with peace and joy. For details see N.T.C. on ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Synthesis of Chapter 3) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 2 3 8 0 0 See the Outline at the beginning of this chapter. ) Sanctification in public relations is stressed in the present chapter. Believers should be obedient to the authorities. They should be kind to all men, since it was the kindness of God our Savior not our own works! which brought salvation. For the synthesis of the first eight verses see p. 385. On the other hand, foolish inquiries into genealogical lore and skirmishes about the law should be shunned, for they are unprofitable and futile. Factious men who refuse admonition should be rejected. Such people are mentally and morally turned or twisted. Moreover, they ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 know) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 that they are sinning, for if their conscience has not already told them this, they have at least been so informed by the church on the basis of the Word. Hence, they sin against better knowledge. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 In his ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Concluding Directions) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Paul tells Titus that he will provide for the vacancy which will arise when the latter leaves Crete. The apostle is going to send either Artemas or Tychicus to replace Titus on the island. As soon as the substitute has arrived, he wants Titus to do his utmost to meet Paul at Nicopolis, probably the one in Epirus, where the apostle has decided to spend the winter. Also he asks that both Titus and the Cretan believers in general do all in their power to help along on their journey the two Christian friends and helpers who were in all probability the bearers of this letter, namely, Zenas the law-expert, and Apollos the famous orator from Alexandria. Note: not only ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Titus) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 must provide for these men but our people, too, must learn to apply themselves to noble deeds for such occasions of imperative need, in order that they may not be unfruitful. All the fellow-workers who are with Paul send greetings to Titus, who, in turn, must convey the greetings of Paul and his companions to those who are filled with Christian affection for them. A brief salutation concludes the letter: Grace (be) with you all. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn1 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref1” 206 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Translations which go too far in their attempt to westernize the New Testament ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 miss) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 the play on words in this verse, and then, contrary to the original but in harmony with A.V. and A.R.V., ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 insert) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 a play on words in the next verse: hateful, hating one another. In both cases I have attempted to retain in the translation the flavor of the original. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn2 10 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref2” A.V. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Authorized Version (King James) ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn3 10 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref3” A.R.V. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 American Standard Revised Version ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn4 10 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref4” N.T.C. ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 W. Hendriksen, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 New Testament Commentary) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn5 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref5” 207 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 See also Edwin H. Palmer, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 The Five Points of Calvinism) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , published by The Men s Society of the Christian Reformed Church, 422 E. Exchange St., Spring Lake, Mich.; esp. pp. 21 33. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn6 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref6” 208 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Systematic Theology) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , Grand Rapids, 1949, p. 469. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn7 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref7” 209 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 See L. Berkhof, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Systematic Theology) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 , p. 510. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn8 11 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref8” 210 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.1|AUTODETECT|” The Koine often substitutes the cardinal for the ordinal; cf. ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.1|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 28:1) 6 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.16.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 12 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.16.2|AUTODETECT|” Mark 16:2) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn9 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref9” 211 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Literally the grace, that is, the grace of God. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn10 9 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref10” 212 ) 6 1 -1 9 0 0 Note, however, that even in this conclusion noble deeds replaces Paul s earlier good works, and the verb ��� ������ is used in a sense which does not attach to it in the Ten. But, as has been noted earlier, the apostle s vocabulary may have changed somewhat. Also, it is not always easy to discover the exact extent of what Paul wrote with his own hand. )

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