Ephesians 6

-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 7 StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size -9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 jBiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 2 2 8 0 0 b. 6:1 4) Children, obey your parents. Fathers, rear them tenderly ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.12|AUTODETECT|” 6:1. Children, obey your parents. Compare the following passages: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.12|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 20:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.21.15-2.21.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.21.15-2.21.17|AUTODETECT|” 21:15 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.20.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.20.9|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 20:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.5.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.5.16|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 5:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.21.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.21.8|AUTODETECT|” 21:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.1.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.1.8|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.6.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.6.20|AUTODETECT|” 6:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.30.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.30.17|AUTODETECT|” 30:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.4-40.15.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.4-40.15.6|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 15:4 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.19|AUTODETECT|” 19:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.7.10-41.7.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.7.10-41.7.13|AUTODETECT|” Mark 7:10 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.19|AUTODETECT|” 10:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.20|AUTODETECT|” ; 18:20; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.20|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.17.7|AUTODETECT|” . The apostle assumes that among those who will be listening when this letter is read to the various congregations the children will not be lacking. They are included in God s covenant 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.17.7|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 17:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.38|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.38|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.39|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.39|AUTODETECT|” 39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.13-41.10.16|AUTODETECT|” ), and Jesus loves them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.13-41.10.16|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:13 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Were Paul to be present with us today he would be shocked at the spectacle of children attending the Sunday School and then going home just before the regular worship service. He has a word addressed directly and specifically to the children. The implication is clear that also today sermons should be such that even the children can understand and enjoy them, at least to some extent, varying with age, etc., and at times the pastor should direct his attention especially to them.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 What the apostle tells the children is that they should obey their parents. This obedience, moreover, should flow not only from the feeling of love, gratitude, and esteem for their parents, though these motivations are very important, but also and especially from reverence for the Lord Jesus Christ. Paul says that it should be an obedience in the Lord, and he adds, for this obedience is right. The proper attitude of the child in obeying his parents must therefore be this: I must obey my parents because the Lord bids me to do so. What he says is right for the simple reason that he says it! It is he who determines what is right and what is wrong.

Hence, when I obey my parents I am obeying and pleasing my Lord. When I disobey them I am disobeying and displeasing him. It is true that, in so ordering, God or, if one prefers, Christ shows his wisdom and love. Under God, these children owe their very existence to their parents. The parents, moreover, are older, have had more experience, know more, and as a rule are wiser. Also, when conditions are normal, until the time of marriage no one loves these children more intensely than do their parents.

And even after the parent-child relationship has been replaced by the (in a sense) even closer bond of husband-wife, the parents, if still alive, continue to love their children no less than before.) Paul s emphasis on the fact that such obedience is right is strengthened by a reference to an express divine command: 2, 3. Honor your father and your mother, which is a commandment of foremost significance, with a promise attached: that it may be well with you and that you may be on earth a long time. The apostle shows what an excellent pedagogue he is, for just as even today the ten commandments are among those portions of Scripture which children learn by heart in their early youth, so and probably even more so was this true in Israel. And may we not also believe that even the children in formerly Gentile families were soon taught the decalogue, so that their sense of guilt and instant need of the Savior might be sharpened and their gratitude to God for salvation received might find adequate expression in consecrated conduct?��163��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.12|AUTODETECT|” The quotation is from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.12|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 20:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.5.16|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.5.16|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 5:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.6|AUTODETECT|” , the first part of it literally according to the Septuagint. To honor father and mother means more than to obey them, especially if this obedience is interpreted in a merely outward sense. It is the inner attitude of the child toward his parents that comes to the fore in the requirement that he honor them. All selfish obedience or reluctant obedience or obedience under terror is immediately ruled out. To honor implies to love, to regard highly, to show the spirit of respect and consideration. This honor is to be shown to both of the parents, for as far as the child is concerned they are equal in authority. What follows, namely, which is the first commandment with promise (A.V., A.R.V., and very similarly also R.S.V., N.E.B., Phillips, Moffatt, Weymouth, Berkeley) has led to much difficulty, in view of the fact that an earlier commandment, regarded by some as the first and by others as the second, also has a promise attached to it: showing lovingkindness to thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.6|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 20:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Surely that promise precedes the one that accompanies the commandment to honor father and mother. How then can Paul say that the latter is the first commandment with a promise? Some proposed solutions:) 1 2 2 8 0 0

1. Paul means: the first commandment of the second table of the law. Objection: The division into tables is not always the same. Besides, the Jews generally regarded the commandment to honor father and mother as belonging to the first table.) 2. It was the first commandment that spoke to the heart of the child, the first one which had special meaning for him. Objection: The text does not read: the first commandment for the child but & with a promise. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.20.6|AUTODETECT|”
2. It was actually the first commandment with a promise, for the earlier promise 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.20.6|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 20:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) is of a general nature. It is a promise to all who love God and keep his commandments. Objection: Though the general nature of that earlier promise must be granted, it remains true that it was attached to the second (or first, whichever way one prefers to count) commandment, so that the commandment that children honor their parents was not the first with an attached promise.) 1 2 2 8 0 0
3. It was the most important commandment of the entire decalogue, the first, therefore, in rank, though not in order of enumeration. Evaluation: I believe this comes close to the truth, though it is still erroneous. Is not the first commandment, Thou shalt have no other gods before me, at least as important as is the fifth (or fourth)?) There is, however, another solution which I personally accept as the right one. We arrive at it by bearing in mind two things: a. that the word generally translated first may indicate rank as well as numerical sequence. Thus, when a scribe asked Jesus, Which commandment is the first of all? he did not mean, Which commandment is mentioned first? but Which is first in importance? And b. the original does not read the first commandment ; it reads, a commandment first, that is, commandment of foremost significance, not necessarily the most important of all.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.19.1|AUTODETECT|” In what sense is it true that this commandment is one of extraordinary significance, being so important, in fact, that in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.19.1|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 19:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.12|AUTODETECT|” ff. the list of commandments under the general heading, You shall be holy, for I Jehovah your God am holy opens with this one? The answer is found in the promise that is attached to it, namely, that it may be well with you and that you may be on earth a long time. Notice the slight change in the wording from what is found in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.12|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 20:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.5.16|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.5.16|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 5:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.5.16|AUTODETECT|” . Paul, by divine inspiration, lifts the promise out of its old, theocratic form. He speaks not of living long in the land which God has given you but of being on the earth a long time. The promise that it may be well with you 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.5.16|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 5:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) is, however, retained. When the objection is raised that in spite of this promise many disobedient children prosper and become very old, while many obedient children die early, the answer is that the principle here expressed is, nevertheless, entirely valid. To be sure, obedience or disobedience to parents is not the only factor that determines a person s span of life, but it is an important factor. Disobedience to godly parents indicates an undisciplined life. It leads to vice and dissipation. This, in turn, all other things being equal, shortens life.

For example, when a devout father warns his son against the evil of chain-smoking, addiction to alcohol, sins pertaining to sex, etc., and the son disregards his advice, he is following a course that does not as a rule lead to long life on the earth. In addition it should be borne in mind that though a disobedient child may live on and on and become a centenarian, as long as he continues in his wickedness it will not be well with him. He will have no peace! Living, as we do, in an age in which such matters as self-discipline and respect for authority are frowned upon, it is well to take to heart what is taught here in 6:2, 3. Undisciplined children spell ruin for the nation, the church, and society! The promise of God to reward obedience still holds.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.23|AUTODETECT|” Not only to wives, children, and slaves are these admonitions directed, however. Also to husbands, parents, and masters. Glorious Renewal must be experienced by all. So Paul, having addressed the children, turns now to the parents, and in particular to the fathers, though with application also to the mothers. 4. And fathers, do not provoke your children to anger. Note the fairness of these admonitions. The duty of wives is not stressed at the expense of that of husbands, nor that of slaves to the neglect of that of masters. So also here: the admonition addressed to fathers follows hard upon that directed to children. Although it is true that the word fathers at times includes mothers 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.23|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 11:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), just as brothers may include sisters, and that the directive here given certainly applies also to mothers, nevertheless it would hardly be correct in the present passage to substitute the word parents for fathers. The fact that in verse 1 Paul employs the more usual word for parents seems to indicate that here in verse 4 fathers means just that. The reasons why the apostle addresses himself especially to them could well be a. because upon them as heads of their respective families the chief responsibility for the education of the children rests; and b. perhaps also because they, in certain instances even more than the mothers, are in need of the admonition here conveyed.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.21|AUTODETECT|” The parallel passage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.21|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) has: Fathers, do not exasperate your children, meaning: Do not embitter them or stir them up. There is very little essential difference between that and Do not provoke your children to anger. The cognate noun is angry mood (4:26). Some ways in which parents may become guilty of this error in bringing up their children:) 1 1 2 8 0 0

1. By over-protection. The fathers and mothers too are so fearful that harm may befall their darlings that they fence them in from every direction: Do not do this and do not do that. Do not go here and do not go there, until this process of pampering arrives at a point where we can almost imagine them to advise their offspring, Do not venture into the water until you have learned to swim. Yet swim they must! To be sure, children should be warned against great dangers.

On the other hand, a modicum of risk-taking is necessary for their physical, moral, and spiritual development. If the little bird remains in the safety of its nest it will never learn to fly. Besides, the over-protective attitude has the tendency of depriving the children of confidence and of instilling in them the angry mood, especially when they compare themselves with other children who are not receiving this special treatment.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.25.28|AUTODETECT|” 2. By favoritism. Isaac favored Esau above Jacob. Rebekah preferred Jacob 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.25.28|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 25:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The sad results of such partiality are well known.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 3. By discouragement. Example taken from life: Dad, I am going to study hard and become a doctor, or perhaps a lawyer, teacher, mechanic, minister, or whatever it was the boy had in mind. Dad s answer: You might as well forget about that. That will never happen anyway. ) 4. By failure to make allowance for the fact that the child is growing up, has a right to have ideas of his own, and need not be an exact copy of his father to be a success.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.14.13|AUTODETECT|” 5. By neglect. In the quarrel between David and his son Absalom was the fault entirely on Absalom s side? Was not David also partly to blame because he neglected his son? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.14.13|AUTODETECT|” II Sam. 14:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.14.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=10.14.28|AUTODETECT|” 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 6. By bitter words and outright physical cruelty. Here is a father who loves to throw his weight around and to make use of his superior strength. Scolding his children and inflicting severe physical punishment has become a habit with him. Court records are filled with cases of unbelievable cruelty to boys and girls, including babes.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.11|AUTODETECT|” Paul places the positive over against the negative by continuing: but rear them tenderly. Fathers mothers too must provide their children with food, not only physical but also mental and spiritual. They must nourish them (see on 5:29), rear them tenderly.��164�� Let them be fondly cherished (Calvin). However, this does not exclude firmness: in the discipline and admonition of the Lord. In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.11|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 12:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.32|AUTODETECT|” this word discipline refers to chastening, which, though at the time when it is administered may not be pleasant, is appreciated afterward and produces excellent fruit. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.32|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 11:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.9|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 6:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.25|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.16|AUTODETECT|” . In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.16|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 this discipline is the training in righteousness. Discipline, accordingly, may be described as training by means of rules and regulations, rewards, and when necessary, punishments. It refers primarily to what is done to the child.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.11|AUTODETECT|” The meaning of the word rendered admonition appears from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.11|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 10:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.10|AUTODETECT|” , These things were written for our admonition, and from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.10|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.2.24|AUTODETECT|” , After the first and second warning (or: admonition) have nothing to do with a factious person. Admonition is therefore prevailingly training by means of the spoken word, whether that word be teaching, warning, or encouragement. It refers primarily to what is said to the child. Admonition would seem to be somewhat milder than discipline. Nevertheless, it must be earnest, not just a feeble observation such as, No, my sons; it is not a good report that I hear 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.2.24|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 2:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.3.13|AUTODETECT|” ). In fact, it is distinctly reported that Eli did not admonish them [his sons] 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.3.13|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��165��) 1 1 2 8 0 0 All of this discipline and admonition must be of the Lord. That should be its quality. It should amount to Christian training, therefore, and this in its most comprehensive sense, certainly including giving the child a noble example of Christian life and conduct. The entire atmosphere in which the training is given must be such that the Lord can place the stamp of his approval upon it.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.6.7|AUTODETECT|” It is improper, in this connection, to overlook the fact that according to this passage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.6.7|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 6:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) not the state or society in general or even the church is primarily responsible for the training of the youth, though all of them have a vital interest in it and also a measure of responsibility with respect to it. But under God the child belongs first of all and most of all to the parents. It is they who should see to it that as far as they can help it those agencies that exert the most potent influence upon the child s rearing are definitely Christian. The very heart of Christian nurture is this: to bring the heart of the child to the heart of his Savior.��166��) 1 2 2 8 0 0 c. 6:5 9) Slaves, obey your masters. Masters, stop threatening ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.7.15|AUTODETECT|” A rather detailed account of Scripture on Slavery will be found in N.T.C. on Colossians and Philemon, pp. 233 237. 5. Slaves, be obedient to those who according to the flesh are your masters. Paul does not advocate the immediate, outright emancipation of the slaves. He took the social structure as he found it and endeavored by peaceful means to change it into its opposite. His rule amounted to this: Let the slave wholeheartedly obey his master, and let the master be kind to his slave. Thus the ill-will, dishonesty, and laziness of the slave would be replaced by willing service, integrity, and industry; the cruelty and brutality of the master, by considerateness and love.

Slavery would be abolished from within, and a gloriously transformed society would replace the old. Be obedient is the same command used with reference to children in verse 1. There is comfort in the words masters according to the flesh, for it implies: You have another Master, who watches over you, is just and merciful to you in all his dealings, and to whom both you and your earthly masters are responsible. Continued: with fear and trembling. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.15|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 7:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.12|AUTODETECT|” . Must they be filled with this spirit because they are slaves? No, fear and trembling befits anyone to whom the Lord has assigned a task 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.12|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.3|AUTODETECT|” ), Paul himself not excluded 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.3|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=13.29.17|AUTODETECT|” ). It does not mean that slaves must approve of tyrannical methods or that they must melt with fear before their masters. It does mean, however, that they should be filled with conscientious solicitude when they recognize the real nature of their assignment, namely, so to conduct themselves toward their masters that the latter whether they be believers or not, will be able to see what the Christian faith accomplishes within the hearts of all who practice it, not excluding slaves. This implies, of course, that slaves will recognize their own inadequacy and ask the Lord to help them to realize this high purpose. Continued: in the sincerity of your heart; or with singleness of heart. That is, with an undivided mind, with integrity and uprightness 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=13.29.17|AUTODETECT|” I Chron. 29:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1-43.13.20|AUTODETECT|” ). This obedience should be rendered as to Christ, that is, fully realizing that they are actually rendering it to their heavenly Master, the Lord Jesus Christ. Hence, 6. not in the way of eye-service as men-pleasers, but as slaves of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart. They must not obey simply to catch the eye of their masters for selfish purposes. They should not seek to please men with the ulterior motive of seeking profit for themselves. The apostle means, therefore: Fill your service with the energy and the enthusiasm with which you would fill it were it done for Christ, for it really is being done for Christ.

It is to him that you belong. Take then that service of yours and lift it to a higher plain. Do the will of God from the heart, with all enthusiasm. And remember that you have nothing to be ashamed of. Your Lord himself was also a servant, even the Servant of Jehovah. It was he who girded himself with a towel and washed the feet of his disciples 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1-43.13.20|AUTODETECT|” John 13:1 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” ). It was also he who said, For the Son of man also came not to be ministered to (or: to be served) but to minister (or: to serve), and to give his life a ransom for many 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.7|AUTODETECT|” ). And it was he who emptied himself, as he took on the form of a servant & humbled himself and became obedient even to the extent of death, yes, death by a cross 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.7|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.19.15|AUTODETECT|” ). Continued: 7. with ready mind rendering service as to the Lord and not to men. In spirit people really cease to be slaves as soon as they begin to work for the Lord and are no longer working primarily for men. Beyond their master they see their Master. Illustration: when the man who was conveying a load of bricks on his wheel-barrow was asked what he was doing, his answer was, I am building a cathedral for the Lord. With that thought in mind he was putting his whole soul into his job. Paul ends his admonition to slaves by writing: 8. knowing that whatever good each one does this he will receive back from the Lord, whether (he be) slave or free. With God there is no partiality 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.19.15|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 19:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.2.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.2.9|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.34|AUTODETECT|” Acts 10:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.25|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.2.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.2.1|AUTODETECT|” James 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31-40.25.46|AUTODETECT|” ). This is brought out very forcefully, for literally the apostle says, knowing that each one [note forward position of each one for emphasis] whatever he does (that is) good, this he will receive back from the Lord, whether slave, whether free. It is the intrinsic good that was done that will matter in the day of judgment. And that intrinsic good is not determined by the social position of the doer, whether he was a master or a slave. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31-40.25.46|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:31 46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.21-40.7.23|AUTODETECT|” brings this out beautifully. It is the nature of the deed that determines the reward. And in that nature the motivation is, of course, included. Not only what one has said or has done is important but also, and especially, why he said or did it. Did his deeds prove that he really meant what he said? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.21-40.7.23|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 7:21 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 )) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=21.12.14|AUTODETECT|” Only the good is mentioned here. Both good and bad are spoken of in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=21.12.14|AUTODETECT|” Eccles. 12:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.25|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.10|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.10|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.15.1|AUTODETECT|” . Reason for the difference? We simply do not know. There may be truth in the answer of those who say that only good was mentioned here for the greater encouragement of the Ephesians. It is certain, at any rate, that no good deed is ever done in vain. There s but one life [on this earth]; tWill soon be past. Only what s done for Christ will last. That God Triune, or that the Lord Jesus Christ in his capacity as Judge, will reward the services that were rendered in love and obedience to him, is clear from many a Scripture passage: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.15.1|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 15:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=8.2.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=8.2.12|AUTODETECT|” Ruth 2:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.19.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.19.11|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 19:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.58.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.58.11|AUTODETECT|” 58:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.10|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 40:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.62.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.62.11|AUTODETECT|” 62:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.31.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.31.16|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 31:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.12|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.4|AUTODETECT|” 6:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.0|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.0|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.35|AUTODETECT|” (the entire chapter); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.35|AUTODETECT|” Luke 6:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.37|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.37|AUTODETECT|” 12:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.38|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.38|AUTODETECT|” 38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.17|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=63.1.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=63.1.8|AUTODETECT|” II John 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.7|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.7|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 2:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.23|AUTODETECT|” 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.26-66.2.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.26-66.2.28|AUTODETECT|” 26 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.4|AUTODETECT|” 3:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.9-66.3.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.9-66.3.12|AUTODETECT|” 9 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.12|AUTODETECT|” 22:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.22|AUTODETECT|” . This reward is entirely of grace, not of merit. Just as by reason of sin all men stand condemned before God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.22|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 3:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.23|AUTODETECT|” 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), so also by reason of grace all believers, whether slave or free, receive a reward for the good they have done.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.26-46.1.28|AUTODETECT|” Among those to whom this letter was addressed there were probably not many slave-owners. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.26-46.1.28|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:26 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.0|AUTODETECT|” . Yet, there were some. In fact, the same messenger who delivered this letter to its destination also delivered another letter, one addressed to a slaveowner, namely, Philemon. This was on the same trip when the Colossians, too, received their epistle. To the masters, therefore, a word must also be addressed, but as these were relatively few in number, and as even that part of the admonition that had been addressed to the slaves was full of implied significance also for their masters, the exhortation directed specifically to the latter could be brief: 9. And masters, do the same things for them.

Co-operation must be a two-way street. It must be shown by both groups: masters and slaves. So, in effect Paul is saying to the masters: Promote the welfare of your slaves as you expect them to promote yours. Show the same interest in them and in their affairs as you hope they will show in you and your affairs. Continued: and stop threatening. In other words, Let your approach be positive, not negative.

Hence, not, Unless you do this, I will do that to you, but rather, Because you are a good and faithful servant, I will give you a generous reward. Before threatening, the slave stood helpless. He had no means of defending himself, not even, generally speaking, before the law. But as a believer he did have a real Defender. Hence, the apostle directs the attention of the masters to this fact, saying: knowing that (he who is) both their master and yours is in the heavens, and there is no partiality with him. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=59.5.0|AUTODETECT|” James 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Because of all that has already been said on this subject of impartiality (see on verse 8), no further comment is necessary.) 1 34 2 8 0 0 Summary of Chapter 4:17 6:9) This section consists of two main divisions. In the first (4:17 5:21) the admonitions are addressed to the entire church; in the second (5:22 6:9), to the different members of the family: wives, husbands; children, fathers; slaves, masters. The general theme is (The Church s) Glorious Renewal. This renewal or transformation has the following characteristics:) (1) As already indicated, it has reference to the church in general, but also to the individual member.) (2) It is both negative and positive . For the first see 4:17, 22, 25a; etc.; for the second, 4:23, 24, 25b, 28b, 32; 5:1, 2; etc. It stresses the positive in the sense that evil must be overcome with good (5:18 21).) (3) It opposes self-indulgence (5:3 7, 18a) and encourages self-sacrifice (5:2, 25).) (4) Its Author is the Holy Spirit (4:30; 5:18) but it fully recognizes the role of human responsibility (in all the admonitions).) (5) It relates to the past (break with it, 4:17, 22), the present (be what you are, 5:8), and the future (the inheritance or the experience of God s wrath, what will it be? 5:5, 6).) (6) It combats specific sins: immorality, greed, falsehood, wrath, dishonesty, corrupt speech, slander, malice, drunkenness, etc. (4:25 31; 5:18; etc.) but also the underlying evil nature (4:17, 22).

Similarly, it recommends specific virtues: truthfulness, industry, generosity, gracious speech, kindness, tenderheartedness, the forgiving disposition, love, thankfulness, righteousness (4:25b, 28b, 29b, 32; 5:2, 4b, 9) but also the basic godly nature (4:23, 24).) (7) It is fair to all and believes in the principle of reciprocity in human (and especially in family) relationships (5:22 6:9).) (8) It derives its example, motive, and strength from Christ (4:32; 5:2, 23, 24).) (9) It banishes the darkness and welcomes the light (5:7 14).) (10) It is gladdening, for it causes the one who experiences it to break forth into cheerful thanksgiving, into the singing of psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs, and into making melody from the heart to the Lord.) CHAPTER VI:10 24) Chapter 6:10 24) Theme: The Church Glorious) II. Exhortation) urging all to put on) the Church s God-given) E ffective Armor. Conclusion.) ) 6:10 20) 1. Put on the full armor of God ) 10 Finally, find your (source of) power in the Lord and in the strength of his might. 11 Put on the full armor of God in order that you may be able to stand firm against the crafty methods of the devil. 12 For not against flesh and blood is our wrestling but against the principalities, against the authorities, against the world-rulers of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly places. 13 Therefore take up the full armor of God in order that you may be able to stand your ground in the day of evil, and having done everything, to stand firm. 14 Stand firm therefore, having fastened the belt of truth around your waist, and having put on the breastplate of righteousness, 15 and having shod your feet with readiness derived from the gospel of peace, 16 and in addition to everything else, having taken up the shield of faith, by means of which you will be able to extinguish all the flaming missiles of the evil one; 17 and take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit which is the spoken word of God, 18 by means of all prayer and supplication, praying at all times in the Spirit, and with a view to this, being on the alert in all perseverance and supplication, for all the saints; 19 and (praying) for me, that when I open my mouth I may be given a message, so that I may make known courageously the mystery of the gospel, 20 for which I am an ambassador in a chain, that when I proclaim it I may speak with courage as I ought to speak.) 21 But in order that you also may know my affairs, how I am getting along, Tychicus the beloved brother and faithful minister in the Lord, will make them all known to you, 22 whom I am sending to you for this very purpose, that you may know our circumstances and that he may strengthen your hearts. 23 Peace (be) to the brothers, and love with faith, from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. 24 Grace (be) with all those who love our Lord Jesus Christ with (a love) imperishable.) ) The church s) E ternal Foundation) U niversal Scope) L ofty Goal) O rganic Unity and Growth, and) G lorious Renewal) having now been set forth, there remains the exhortation that believers arm themselves with the church s God-given) E ffective Armor. This is followed by the Conclusion to the entire letter: a warm recommendation of the letter s bearer and an equally warm and unique benediction.) In all the preceding sections Paul has described salvation as being, on the one hand, the product of God s sovereign grace, on the other hand the promised reward of human effort, the latter being made possible from start to finish by the former. These two elements divine grace and human responsibility are again most beautifully combined in this closing section.

Man must equip himself with a full suit of arms, that is, it is he who must put it on. It is also he, he alone, who must use this entire panoply. Nevertheless, the weapons are called the full armor of God. It is God who has forged them. It is God who gives them. Not for one single moment is man able to employ them effectively except by the power of God.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.1-43.15.5|AUTODETECT|” But what is it that makes the taking up of this formidable armor absolutely necessary, so essential that salvation is impossible without it? The answer is that the church has an enemy hell-bent on its destruction. So Paul begins this remarkable concluding exhortation with respect to the church s Effective Armor by saying: 10. Finally,��167�� find your (source of) power��168�� in the Lord and in the strength of his might. It is the exercise or manifestation of the might of the Lord that is the source of power for believers.��169�� Apart from Christ Christians can accomplish nothing at all 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.1-43.15.5|AUTODETECT|” John 15:1 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.13|AUTODETECT|” ). They are like branches severed from the vine. On the other hand, in close fellowship with their Lord they can do whatever they need to do: I can do all things in him who infuses strength into me 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.13|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 4:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.9|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.9|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 12:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.12|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The reason is that the might of the Lord is infinite. By his strength God not only created the heavens and the earth, caused the mountains to tremble, the rocks to melt, Jordan to be driven back, the cedars of Lebanon to be broken in pieces, and the forests to be stripped bare, but specifically, as already emphasized in the Ephesian context, by his strength he caused a. the Savior to arise from the dead (1:20) and b. his chosen ones to be made alive from their death in trespasses and sins (2:1). It is, therefore, as if Paul were saying: When I urge you to find your source of power in the Lord and in the strength of his might, I am not making an unreasonable request, for you yourselves know that his omnipotence has been revealed by these two marvelous deeds. Hence, we are not dealing with abstractions but with the power of God demonstrated in human history. You are aware, therefore, of the fact that when you ask him to strengthen you, he will certainly hear you, for he is able to do infinitely more than all we ask or imagine (3:20).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.7|AUTODETECT|” Paul continues: 11. Put on the full armor of God in order that you may be able to stand firm against the crafty methods of the devil. The question might be asked, In view of the fact that by means of the two marvelous deeds mentioned above it has become clear that the power of God in Christ is infinitely superior to that of Satan and his allies, need we be so concerned about the onslaught of the prince of evil? The answer is: Assurance of this superiority, however, does not diminish the seriousness of any given conflict on any evil day nor give certain assurance of victory in any particular battle (Roels, op. cit., p. 216). I find myself in complete agreement with the words quoted, and wish only to add that, looked at from the angle of man s responsibility, it is even possible to say that not only this or that particular battle but the entire war will be lost unless we exert ourselves. It is true that the counsel of God from eternity will never fail, but it is just as true that in that plan of God from eternity it was decided that victory will be given to those who overcome 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.7|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 2:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , etc.). Overcomers are conquerors, and in order to conquer one must fight!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.1|AUTODETECT|” Moreover, the war must be waged strenuously, for the foe is none other than ho di�bolos, that is, the devil 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.1|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.44|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.44|AUTODETECT|” John 8:44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.8|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 5:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Jude 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.9|AUTODETECT|” 12:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.2|AUTODETECT|” 20:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It is clear that the apostle believed in the existence of a personal prince of evil. Paul was writing to people most of whom before their rather recent conversion to the Christian faith had been in great fear of evil spirits, as is true also today among pagans. It is almost impossible to appreciate how widespread, haunting, and overwhelming is this dread of demons which one encounters throughout heathendom. How did Paul counteract this fear? Did he say what many are saying today, namely, The world of evil spirits is one huge untruth, a mere figment of the imagination ?

He did not. Instead, without accepting paganism s demonology or animism, he, nevertheless, emphasizes the great and sinister influence of Satan. So do the other inspired writers. What they all say in describing the power of the devil can be summarized somewhat as follows: Having been cast out of heaven, he is filled with fury and envy. His malevolence is directed against God and his people. His purpose is, therefore, to dethrone his great Enemy, and to cast all God s people in fact, all people into hell.

He walks about as a roaring lion seeking whom he may devour. He has a powerful, well-organized army (as will be shown in a moment), and has established an outpost within the very hearts of those whom he aims to destroy.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Also, his methods, says Paul, are crafty (see on 4:14). They are the schemes of the deceiver. Of this fact believers are not ignorant 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.11|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.4|AUTODETECT|” ). Now this expression crafty methods will be no more than a hollow sound unless we give scriptural content to it. Some of these clever ruses and vicious stratagems are the following: mixing error with just enough truth to make it appear plausible 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.4|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 3:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.22|AUTODETECT|” 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.6|AUTODETECT|” ), quoting (really misquoting!) Scripture 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.6|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.14|AUTODETECT|” ), masquerading as an angel of light 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.14|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 11:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.13|AUTODETECT|” ) and causing his ministers to do likewise so that they fashion themselves as apostles of Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.13|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 11:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.1-53.2.4|AUTODETECT|” ), aping God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.1-53.2.4|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:1 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.22|AUTODETECT|” ), strengthening people in their belief that he does not even exist 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.22|AUTODETECT|” Acts 20:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.15|AUTODETECT|” ), entering places where he is not expected to enter 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.15|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.4|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.6|AUTODETECT|” ), and above everything else promising people that good can be attained through wrongdoing 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.6|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.17.39|AUTODETECT|” In view of all this, therefore, it is clear why, in the name of his Sender, the apostle issues the mobilization order: Put on the full armor of God. Leave nothing out. You will need every weapon. Do not try to advance against the devil and his host with equipage from your own arsenal. Rather, say with David, I cannot go with these, for I have not proved them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.17.39|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 17:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ). Such weapons as trusting in human merits, in one s own erudition or mental acumen, in seclusion from the world, in the invocation of saints and of angels, in the theory that sin, sickness, and Satan do not exist, etc. will not avail in the evil day. Therefore, put on the full armor of God, forged by him and furnished by him. Put it on, equip yourselves with it so that you may be able to stand, not to stand idle but in the battle to stand firm, to hold your ground against the devil s crafty methods. Continued: 12. For not against flesh and blood is our wrestling but against the principalities, against the authorities, against the world-rulers of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly places. The reason for the urgent character of the admonition is that we are not fighting against flesh and blood, ��170�� that is, against mere, frail men 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.50|AUTODETECT|” ), with all their physical and mental infirmities 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.50|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:50) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.17|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.17|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 16:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ). On the contrary it is against an innumerable supermundane host of evil spirits: the devil himself and all the demons under his control, that we are waging warfare. These fallen angels are here characterized as principalities and authorities 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ); as the world-rulers of this darkness, that is, as those who under the permissive providence of God are in tyrannical control of the world of ignorance, sin, and sadness; and as the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly places, that is, in the supermundane realm. The term, heavenly places, although everywhere, including here, referring to what may be called in a very broad sense the celestial sphere cannot have precisely the same meaning here as elsewhere. While in the remaining Ephesian passages it indicates the heaven whence blessings descend (1:3), where Christ sits enthroned at the Father s right hand (1:20), where the redeemed are seated with Christ (2:6), and where the good angels have their abode (3:10), it must here (6:12) refer to the region above the earth but below the heaven of the redeemed; in other words, it must here indicate what in 2:2 is called the domain of the air. Inasmuch as the reference is to the world-rulers of this darkness with whom believers must contend, this alteration in the application of the term should not cause any difficulty. See further on 2:2.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 When the apostle implies that with the full armor of God, including such weapons as shield and sword (verses 16, 17), we must wrestle against the innumerable spiritual host, he must not be accused of inconsistency, as if he started out with the idea of believers opposing the foe on the field of battle, and then quickly changed the scenery from that of the battle-field to that of the gymnasium. The true explanation is probably far more simple: the apostle means that the battle is such a violent hand-to-hand encounter that in that respect it amounts to wrestling. If this is a mixed metaphor it is not inconsistent.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.41.2|AUTODETECT|” Now it is because of this very intense and personal nature of the warfare against the devil and all his minions that Paul repeats and also develops the thought already expressed in verse 11, by saying: 13. Therefore take up the full armor of God. The language used here is very incisive. The command is curt and crisp, as if to say, Do not allow the enemy to find you defenseless. Take up your armor. Do so at once, without any hesitancy or waste of time. And remember: take up the full panoply! ��171�� The purpose is: in order that you may be able to stand your ground in the day of evil, that is, in the day of severe trial, the critical moments in your lives when the devil and his sinister underlings will assault you most vehemently 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.41.2|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 41:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.49.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.49.5|AUTODETECT|” 49:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). And inasmuch as one never knows when these crises will occur, the clear implication is: be ready always.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=59.4.7|AUTODETECT|” We must be careful, however, not to infer from this that Christians are pictured here as sitting back, as it were, waiting in the shelter of their fortress for Satan s attack. The context (see on verses 17 and 19) does not allow this rather common interpretation. The standing of which Paul speaks (verses 11, 14) is not that of a brick wall that is waiting passively, as it were, for the assault of the battering ram. The soldiers referred to here are drawn up in battle array and rushing into the fight. They are both defending themselves and attacking. Only when they make full use of God s armor will they be able to stand their ground, that is, to withstand the foe, stand up against��172�� him, repulse his onrush and even gain ground, for the sentence continues: and having done everything, to stand firm.

The assumption is that they will have accomplished thoroughly will have carried through to the end, as implied in the original marvelous things. Resisting the devil, standing up against him, has this comforting result that, at least for the moment, the devil will flee 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.4.7|AUTODETECT|” James 4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.22|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.22|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 To give even more substance to the character and the necessity of this battle against the devil and his hosts, this intense and vehement struggle, see what it meant in the life and labors of Paul himself. For him it had been, and/or was even now, a fight against Satan-inspired Jewish and pagan vice and violence; against Judaism among the Galatians and others; against fanaticism among the Thessalonians; against contention, fornication, and litigation among the Corinthians; against incipient Gnosticism among the Ephesians and far more among the Colossians; against fightings without and fears within; and last but not least, against the law of sin and death operating within his own heart.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.19|AUTODETECT|” It may be regarded as a trite saying, but it is true nevertheless, that the best defense is an offense. All of Paul s missionary journeys may be regarded as manifestations of offensive warfare. Paul was invading the territory which heretofore had been the devil s own, for the whole world lieth in the evil one 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.19|AUTODETECT|” I John 5:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.13|AUTODETECT|” ). The reason he had made these incursions into the hostile territory, and was going to make even more, was that the devil had something that was earnestly desired by the apostle, namely, the souls of men. Paul wanted them in order to present them to God. He yearned with all his heart to be used as God s agent in bringing about the rescue of men from the realm of darkness and their transfer into the kingdom of light. Whenever he refers to this subject he uses language that is expressive of deep feeling 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.1|AUTODETECT|” 10:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.22|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 9:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.33|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.10.33|AUTODETECT|” 10:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; etc.). Paul loved ardently!) 1 9 2 8 0 0 We see, therefore, that in order properly to interpret what the apostle meant by this battle it must be borne in mind that the church and Satan are on a collision course. They are rushing at each other. They clash!) With all this by way of introduction, showing why believers must by all means be fully equipped for battle against the forces of evil, their suit of armor is now described. In order to do this the apostle makes use of six metaphors derived from the armor of the Roman hoplite, the heavily armed Roman legionary going forth to battle. To be sure, there is also a seventh weapon, the climax of them all. However, that seventh one stands in a place all by itself.

It is not indicated by any figure or metaphor. To do justice to the six one should see the entire picture all at once. Hence, verses 14 17 are printed together here:) 14 17. Stand firm therefore,) a. having fastened the belt of truth around your waist,) b. and having put on the breastplate of righteousness,) c. and having shod your feet with readiness derived from the gospel of peace,) d. and in addition to everything else, having taken up the shield of faith, by means of which you will be able to extinguish all the flaming missiles of the evil one;) e. and take the helmet of salvation,) f. and the sword of the Spirit which is the spoken word of God.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.11.5|AUTODETECT|” When the question is asked, What was the source of this imagery? the answer is anything but unanimous. Some are of the opinion that the Roman guard to which Paul was attached by means of a chain or handcuff (verse 20) naturally suggested the various pieces of the panoply of which mention is made here. But it is hard to believe that a guard inside a prison would be holding the huge shield of which mention is made in verse 16. The lightly armed fighter, equipped with bow and arrows, will not do either as a basis for the symbolism we find here. As to the Roman warrior, the Greek historian Polybius describes him as having a shield, sword, two javelins, a helmet, greaves, and heart-guard or something more elaborate to replace it. It is evident at once that Paul mentions neither greaves nor javelins.

On the other hand, he does mention the girdle or belt and, by implication, the shoes. Perhaps the best answer to the question as to source would seem to lie in this general direction: the apostle is thinking of the heavily armed Roman soldier, but in the use of his metaphors is being constantly influenced by such Old Testament passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.5|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 11:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.49.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.49.2|AUTODETECT|” 49:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.59.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.59.17|AUTODETECT|” 59:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.8|AUTODETECT|” ; etc., passages which he does not slavishly copy but modifies for his own purpose. Also, it must be borne in mind that much earlier than this Paul had already made use of somewhat similar language: But since we belong to the day, let us be sober, putting on a breastplate of faith and love, and for a helmet (the) hope of salvation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.8|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.7|AUTODETECT|” ). Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.7|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 9:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.7|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 6:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.3|AUTODETECT|” . Later he was going to write ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.3|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.4|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.4|AUTODETECT|” 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.14-49.6.17|AUTODETECT|” . After all, the imagery found here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.14-49.6.17|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:14 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 would naturally suggest itself to a battle-scarred veteran like Paul.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 When we study the various pieces of the panoply there is one item that must not be left unmentioned, namely, the (by and large) natural order in which the various pieces are mentioned: the soldier would first of all fasten his belt, next put on his breastplate, then his sandals. Also, having taken his shield with his left hand and now holding it, he could not very well follow up this action immediately by taking his sword with his right hand, not sheathing it but holding it in readiness for immediate use, for in that case he would have no hand left with which to take the helmet. Hence, the order is shield, helmet, sword. This, to be sure, was not the only possible sequence, and may not even have been the actual order in which a soldier would equip himself. The order: helmet, sword, and shield suggests itself. But possibly in order to work his way toward a climax Paul mentions first those weapons which in physical warfare are considered defensive, and saves the sword, as the most emphatically and obviously offensive weapon, to the very last.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.51.6|AUTODETECT|” Now before setting out to do battle with as formidable a foe as the devil and all his host, one may well ask the question: Do I really want to fight him at all? Am I sincere about this spiritual warfare? Hence, Paul says, Stand firm, therefore, having fastened the belt of truth around your waist. The girdle or belt, in physical warfare, was fastened or buckled around the short tunic worn by the soldier. Thus his limbs were braced up for action. Both breastplate and sword (the latter when not in use) were subsequently attached to this cincture.

The belt, therefore, was very important. It was basic. So also in spiritual warfare truthfulness which Paul has been stressing right along over against the deceitfulness that characterizes the man of the world (4:15, 25; 5:6, 9) is the basic quality needed by the warrior. By this truthfulness is meant sincerity of mind and heart, removal of all guile and hypocrisy. There must be truth in the inward parts 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.51.6|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 51:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.7.3|AUTODETECT|” ).��173�� Whosoever is fearful and trembling, let him return home 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.7.3|AUTODETECT|” Judg. 7:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). And more than two-thirds of the army went home! In the battle against Satan and his armies there is no room for Demas! Sincerity is a mighty weapon, and this not only defensively. All other things being equal, the sincere person is far more likely to be a blessing to all those with whom he comes in contact than is the hypocrite.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.59.17|AUTODETECT|” The second question is: Am I living the kind of life that enables me to engage in this conflict? Have I put on the breastplate of righteousness ? Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.59.17|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 59:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.17.5|AUTODETECT|” . In the underlying figure the breastplate has been described as the armor that covered the body from neck to thighs. It consisted of two parts, one covering the front, the other the back 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.17.5|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 17:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.17.38|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.17.38|AUTODETECT|” 38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.22.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.22.34|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 22:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=14.26.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=14.26.14|AUTODETECT|” II Chron. 26:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=16.4.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=16.4.16|AUTODETECT|” Neh. 4:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.13|AUTODETECT|” ). Spiritually the breastplate is the devout and holy life, moral rectitude 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.13|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 6:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.17|AUTODETECT|” 14:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.8|AUTODETECT|” ). It will be recalled that in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.8|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.7|AUTODETECT|” Paul speaks of the breastplate of faith and love. In both of the previous Ephesian instances the word righteousness was employed in an ethical sense (4:24; 5:9). And in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.7|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 6:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 Paul mentions the armor of righteousness on the right hand and on the left, that is, such armor as enables one to meet attack from any quarter. This occurs in a context in which purity, kindness, etc. are also mentioned. In addition it should be borne in mind that the apostle in this very epistle has been placing great stress on the necessity of living lives worthy of the calling with which believers were called (4:1). Apart from such a life the would-be Christian has no defense against Satan s accusations. He has no assurance of salvation. And he also lacks the power to attack, for the testimony of the lips will be ineffective, the neighbor will not be won for Christ, and the evil one will not be vanquished. On the other hand, when righteousness in conduct is present, what a mighty weapon for defense and offense it becomes!��174��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Am I prepared to fight? is the next question. In other words, Have I shod my feet with readiness derived from the gospel of peace ? The meaning of this expression has been much debated. Nevertheless, the following facts must be admittad: a. In order to promote facility of motion over all kinds of roads Roman soldiers were in the habit of putting on shoes thickly studded with sharp nails (Josephus, Jewish Wars VI.i.8). Thus, one important reason for Julius Caesar s success as a general was the fact that his men wore military shoes that made it possible for them to cover long distances in such short periods that again and again the enemies were caught off guard, having deceived themselves into thinking that they still had plenty of time to prepare an adequate defense.

In the victories won by Alexander the Great this same factor had played an important role. Accordingly, proper footwear spells readiness. b. A person who experiences within his own heart the peace of God that passes all understanding, the very peace which the gospel proclaims, has been delivered of a great burden. The conviction of being reconciled with God through the blood of Christ gives him the courage and the zeal to fight the good fight. If the gospel, accepted by faith, had not given him this peace, how could he be prepared to engage in this battle? c. The fact that this readiness is actually derived from the gospel whose message or content is peace is clear from such passages as 2:15, 17; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . The expression having shod your feet with readiness derived from the gospel of peace makes good sense, therefore. Here again the believer has a twofold weapon, defensive and offensive.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.49|AUTODETECT|” Am I able to defend myself against Satan s attack? Prominent among the weapons of defense were the shield for the protection of the body (especially the heart, lungs, and other vital organs) and the helmet for the protection of the head. As to the shield, the one to which reference is made here measured four feet in length by two and one half feet in breadth and was oblong in shape and covered with leather. It was a kind of door for protection against enemy-missiles dipped in pitch or similar material and set on fire before being discharged. When these darts collided with the shields their points were blunted, their flames extinguished. Similarly the exercise of genuine God-given faith enables one to extinguish all the flaming missiles of the evil one.

In the devil s quiver there are all kinds of fiery bolts. Paul mentions tribulation, anguish, persecution, famine, etc. Some of these missiles enkindle doubt, others lust, greed, vanity, envy, etc. Only by looking away from self to God Triune, placing one s trust in him for life, death, and eternity, relying on his word of revelation and promise, is it possible to repel this shower of flaming arrows. Things looked thoroughly hopeless to Jairus when his servants arrived with the announcement, Your daughter is dead, do not bother the Teacher any more. But Jesus answered, Fear not, only believe 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.49|AUTODETECT|” Luke 8:49) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.50|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.50|AUTODETECT|” 50) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.4|AUTODETECT|” ). But faith is more than a weapon of defense. It is also the victory that overcomes the world 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.4|AUTODETECT|” I John 5:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��175�� Surely, this shield must be taken up in addition to everything else. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.59.17|AUTODETECT|” And take the helmet of salvation, says Paul, borrowing this metaphor from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.59.17|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 59:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.8|AUTODETECT|” . However, Paul applies the figure differently, for in Isaiah it is Jehovah who wears this helmet, but here in Ephesians believers are called upon to receive it. In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.8|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 the apostle had identified the helmet with the hope of salvation, here with salvation itself. The difference is perhaps not as important as it may seem, since salvation is both a present possession and an inheritance not yet fully acquired in this life; hence, the object of firmly anchored hope.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.17.5|AUTODETECT|” Take it, says Paul. The verb might also be translated: accept (it). Just as a helmet is accepted by the soldier out of the hand of the officer in charge of supply and distribution, so salvation and all that pertains to it, including even the faith whereby we accept it (2:8), is God s free gift. The helmet of iron and brass 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.17.5|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 17:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.17.38|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.17.38|AUTODETECT|” 38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=14.26.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=14.26.14|AUTODETECT|” II Chron. 26:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.138.8|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. I Macc. 6:35) afforded a measure of protection for the head, as did the breastplate for the heart, etc. In the Herodian period Greek and Roman helmets both of leather and brass were used extensively. It is easy to see that for the Christian salvation is indeed a weapon of defense. Were it not for the fact that in the midst of hardship and persecution the assurance of salvation both present and future dwells in his heart he might easily give up the fight. It is exactly this precious treasure that fortifies him with strength to continue the fight, for as to himself he knows that what God has begun in him will be carried on to completion 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.138.8|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 138:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.11|AUTODETECT|” ). As to the neighbor whom the helmeted believer is trying to rescue from the power of darkness, God s word will never return to him void but will accomplish that which he pleases 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.55.11|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 55:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Hence, the Christian soldier continues the fight, with blessed assurance clearly evident in his looks and entire demeanor and with a testimony upon his lips. It is clear therefore that also the helmet as Paul here interprets it (= salvation) is not only a piece of defensive armor. Do not the songs of salvation, considered as an essential part of salvation, constitute a mighty weapon in the believers offensive as well as defensive armor?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.16|AUTODETECT|” The final question is, Have I learned the art of offensive warfare? We have been studying those weapons that are generally included under the heading defensive armor. We have seen, however, that though in physical warfare this description may be entirely adequate, in spiritual combat it hardly reaches far enough. Even truthfulness or integrity the belt is not exclusively defensive. It captivates! Righteousness the breastplate not only serves as a protection; it also wins the neighbor for Christ, that God may be glorified 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.16|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The peace that provides readiness for the spiritual battle the shoes furnishes both time and energy for invading the enemy s domain and robbing him of the spoils he has taken. Faith the shield overcomes the world, recapturing the lost. And salvation the helmet sings its way into the enemy s prison-camp, setting the prisoners free. But although all this is undoubtedly true, nevertheless, the most conspicuously offensive weapon, offensive both in physical and spiritual combat, is certainly the sword. Says Paul: (and take) the sword of the Spirit which��176�� is the word of God. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.25|AUTODETECT|” The underlying figure is that of the short sword, the one carried and wielded by the heavily armed Roman soldier.��177�� With it he not only defended himself, but sallied forth into the ranks of the enemy and won victories. As has already been indicated (see on 5:26), this sword is the gospel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.25|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.8|AUTODETECT|” ), God s utterance; if you wish, the Bible, the entire Word of God. First it was spoken by him, and now his servants proclaim it to others. As long as what they proclaim is really in harmony with God s special revelation as it was subsequently deposited in written or printed form in what we now call the Bible it remains the very sword here referred to. Even the least deviation from the word as originally given is, of course, the word of man, not of God. Errors in transcription or translation, in doctrine or in ethics, no matter how enthusiastically these may be defended from the pulpit, are no part of the spoken (or: uttered) word. It is this word that stands forever 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.8|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 40:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), and cannot be defeated. The hammers that would destroy it will be broken. The anvil remains.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.16|AUTODETECT|” This spoken word is called the sword of the Spirit because it is given by the Spirit 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.16|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.21|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.12|AUTODETECT|” ) and perhaps also because by the Spirit it is applied to the heart. Soldiers for Christ handle the word, heed it, hide it in their hearts, and hold it forth among the nations. The sword, thus wielded, is living and active, sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing even to the dividing of soul and spirit, of joints and marrow, and quick to discern the thoughts and intentions of the heart 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=58.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��178�� By using this powerful sword Paul and his associates had won amazing victories. And any victory that is being won today either at home or abroad is the result of the wielding of this sword. God is not dead! He lives and speaks in and through his message.) 1 11 2 8 0 0 It is by means of it that man s state of guilt before God is revealed, his sinful condition exposed. Through it, too, when applied to the heart by the Spirit, man is led to the Savior from sin, and to thanksgiving and praise. Through it doubts are dispelled, fears driven away, assurance of salvation given, and Satan put to flight. When Jesus was tempted he answered every word of the devil by an appeal to the written Word of God!) The Four All s ��179�� of Prayer) The word of God directed to men (verse 17) is very powerful indeed, especially when it is in close association with the word of men directed to God (verses 18 20), not as if God and men were equal partners but because the word of men directed to God is Spirit-given, Spirit-guided . Paul writes:) 18. by means of all prayer and supplication,) praying at all times in the Spirit,) and with a view to this, being on the alert in all perseverance and supplication,) for all the saints.) In his own power the soldier can do nothing against so great a foe. Hence, as he takes and puts on each piece of his armor and as he makes use of it in the battle he must pray for God s blessing.) 1.

The Variety of Prayer: all prayer and supplication ) The apostle makes a special point of it that the soldier s communion with his General the believer s fellowship with his God should not be of just one kind. Some people are always asking for things. Their entire prayer-life consists of that. But prayer the first word is very general should include not only cries for help but also confession of sin, profession of faith, adoration, thanksgiving, intercession. Moreover, prayer-life should be definite, not just O Lord, bless all that awaits thy blessing, which is a big order, but supplication or petition for the fulfilment of definite needs, a request for specific benefits. This means that the man who prays should become acquainted with concrete situations all over, at least not limited to his own contracted horizon, situations in connection with which help is needed.

He should set aside, perhaps, today to stress this need, tomorrow to remember another.) 2. The when and the where of Prayer: at all times & in the Spirit. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.3.6|AUTODETECT|” Prayer in time of great calamity or catastrophe has long been in vogue. For many people, however, Thanksgiving Day comes just once a year. It is the day set aside by the national government. The apostle admonishes the addressed to take hold on God at every occasion. In all thy ways acknowledge him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.3.6|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 As to the where of prayer, it is not to be confined either to Jerusalem or to this mountain but should always be in (the sphere of) the Spirit, that is, with his help and in harmony with his will as revealed in the Word which he inspired.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.2|AUTODETECT|” 3. The Manner of Prayer: being on the alert in all perseverance and supplication. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.2|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Those who are not alert but listless and indifferent to what is going on in their homes, in the streets of their city, in their state or province, in their country, in their church, in their denomination, or in the world at large will have a very restricted prayer-life. Those who do not know the will of God because they devote so little time to the study of the Word will fail to harvest the fruits of prayer. Those who do not know the promises cannot be expected to go to the deeps of God s promise in their devotions. They will not partake of a deep and satisfying communion with God. Consequently, they will perhaps pray now and then only. There will be no perseverance and little supplication (petition for definite benefits).) 4. The Indirect Objects of Prayer: for all the saints ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.18-40.9.26|AUTODETECT|” Christ during his sojourn on earth evaluated intercessory prayer very highly, as is shown by many incidents 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.18-40.9.26|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 9:18 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.21-40.15.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.21-40.15.28|AUTODETECT|” 15:21 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.14-40.17.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.14-40.17.21|AUTODETECT|” 17:14 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.7.25|AUTODETECT|” ; etc.). So did Paul. The heart of our Great Intercessor who not only intercedes for us but actually lives in order to do so 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.7.25|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 7:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) is deeply touched by such petitions! Thus the fellowship of saints is kept alive and real.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 In this fellowship of prayer the Jewish convert must not forget the Gentile convert, the old must not ignore the young, the free must not neglect those in bondage, nor vice versa. It must be prayer for all the saints. With God there is no partiality.) Up to this point the apostle has said very little about his own physical circumstances. He is not a complainer. He has made brief mention of the fact that he was writing as a prisoner (3:1; 4:1), and has also urged the Ephesians not to lose heart over what he was suffering for them (3:13). But that was all; and even in the given passages he was thinking not of himself so much as of the welfare of those addressed.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.2|AUTODETECT|” Now at last he for one brief moment centers the attention on himself, his own needs, and asks that when prayer is made for all the saints, he, too, may be remembered in a special way. Notice, however, how nobly he expresses himself: 19. and (praying) for me, that when I open my mouth I may be given a message, so that I may make known courageously the mystery of the gospel. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.2|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.3|AUTODETECT|” 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.30|AUTODETECT|” . Even the requested prayer for himself is in reality to be a petition for the progress of the gospel! Paul knew that the Lord had chosen him to be a prominent leader. As such, a heavy load of responsibility rested on his shoulders! Yet, he was aware of his own weakness, of the fact that he stood in need of divine strength and guidance every moment. So, as he had done on other occasions 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.30|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 15:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.25|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.1|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.3|AUTODETECT|” , 22) and was doing now also in another letter 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.3|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.19|AUTODETECT|” ), he asks that those whom he addresses will remember him in their prayers. He does not ask, however, that they may pray for his release from prison. What he does ask is that they may invoke God s blessing upon him as an effective witness for Christ. Ask God to give me two things, he says, as it were: a. a message when I open my mouth 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.19|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.13|AUTODETECT|” ), and b. courage at all times to deliver that message in a worthy manner 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.13|AUTODETECT|” Acts 4:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ). In his zeal for the salvation of sinners to the glory of God the apostle considered even his present difficult circumstances to be an opportunity to tell everyone the constantly changing guards, the visitors, the Roman tribunal in case he should (or should again) be summoned to appear before it the mystery of the gospel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.3|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.25|AUTODETECT|” ), the blessed truth which would have remained a secret had not God revealed it, namely, that in Christ there is salvation full and free for everyone who embraces him by faith, even for both Jew and Gentile on a basis of perfect equality. Cf. 3:3, 4, 9; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.25|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 16:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.26|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.27|AUTODETECT|” 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.2|AUTODETECT|” 2:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.3|AUTODETECT|” 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.9|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.16|AUTODETECT|” 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.20|AUTODETECT|” . Continued: 20. for which I am an ambassador in a chain. The fact that when Paul arrived in Rome he, by a chain at the wrist, was fastened to a Roman guard is implied in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.20|AUTODETECT|” Acts 28:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.16|AUTODETECT|” . Though his first Roman imprisonment, during which Colossians, Philemon, Ephesians, and Philippians were written, seems never to have been as harsh and severe as his second was going to be, he was a prisoner, nevertheless. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.16|AUTODETECT|” Acts 28:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.30|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.30|AUTODETECT|” 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” . For the second imprisonment see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.3|AUTODETECT|” 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.6-55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.6-55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” 4:6 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.14-55.4.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.14-55.4.16|AUTODETECT|” 14 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 5 2 8 0 0 His imprisonment, however, is not a shame. It is an honor; for whatever men may think, the truth of the matter is that he is, and is conscious of being, an ambassador��180�� in a chain. What a paradox! Is not an ambassador supposed to be free? But here is an official representative of him who is King of kings and Lord of lords, and this ambassador is chained! May he never forget whom he represents.

Therefore, whenever he proclaims the glorious mystery of the gospel may he do so in a manner befitting his high office. Pray, says he, that when I proclaim it I may speak with courage as I ought to speak; virtually repeating, for the sake of emphasis, what he has said in the preceding verse.) On this high level Paul ends the main part of his epistle. He has been setting forth the benefits divine which we in Christ possess. As an ambassador equipped with this message he is writing, both defending and attacking, both reacting against anyone who might wish to oppose his Sender s gospel and at the same time taking the initiative and with his message invading the enemy s territory. Does not this passage (6:19, 20) shed light on the manner in which the immediately preceding whole armor of God should be interpreted, that is, as indicating a panoply that is both defensive and offensive? It is as if we can hear the apostle making his appeal and saying:) On Christ s behalf, therefore, we are ambassadors, seeing that God is entreating through us.

We implore (you) on behalf of Christ, be reconciled to God! Him who knew no sin he made (to be) sin on our behalf that we might become God s righteousness in him. ) 6:21 24) 2. Conclusion) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.7|AUTODETECT|” The item of information contained in verses 21 and 22, including a warm recommendation of Tychicus, the bearer of these letters (Colossians, Philemon, Ephesians), is almost identical with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.7|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.21|AUTODETECT|” . The slight differences can be seen by comparing the parallel passages in Ephesians and Colossians on p. 25. If Colossians (right column) was written before Ephesians (left column), as I have assumed, then the word also here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.21|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 can be explained as meaning: you as well as the Colossians. The entire passage in Ephesians is as follows: 21, 22. But in order that you also may know my affairs, how I am getting along, Tychicus, the beloved brother and faithful minister in the Lord, will make them all known to you, whom I am sending to you for this very purpose, that you may know our circumstances and that he may strengthen your hearts.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.4|AUTODETECT|” Tychicus��181�� was one of Paul s intimate friends and highly valued envoys. He hailed from the province of Asia, and had accompanied the apostle when at the close of the third missionary journey the latter was returning from Greece through Macedonia and then across into Asia Minor and so to Jerusalem on a charitable mission 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.4|AUTODETECT|” Acts 20:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.9|AUTODETECT|” ); that is, on that trip Tychicus had traveled in advance of Paul from Macedonia to Troas, and had been waiting for the apostle in that city. And now, some four years later, having spent some time with Paul in Rome during the latter s first Roman imprisonment, Tychicus had been commissioned by the apostle to carry these letters to their destination, as is clear from the present passage, from its parallel in Colossians, and from a comparison of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.9|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.8-57.1.22|AUTODETECT|” with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.8-57.1.22|AUTODETECT|” Philem. 1, 8 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.16|AUTODETECT|” . It stands to reason that Tychicus, having just now spent some time with Paul and being a beloved brother a member of the Father s Family, along with all believers and faithful minister in the Lord Christ s special servant, loyal to his Master in every respect , would be the right person, as he traveled from church to church, to supply all the necessary information about Paul and his companions and fellow-Christians in Rome. Besides, paper was not as plentiful and cheap as it is today, the circumstances under which Paul had to dictate his letters were not altogether favorable, and certain things are better said than written, especially in a letter intended for a wide circle of readers 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.16|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.12-50.1.14|AUTODETECT|” indicates, though probably in a more limited way). The oral message which Tychicus will bring will be not only informative, however, but also consolatory. Hence, Paul writes: that you may know our circumstances and that he may strengthen your hearts, the latter, no doubt, by stilling their fears 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.12-50.1.14|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:12 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) and by supplying the atmosphere of consolation and spiritual strengthening based on the promises of God. The most substantial consolation of all would be the very letter of Paul which Tychicus would deliver.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 The closing benediction follows: 23. Peace (be) to the brothers, and love with faith, from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. Peace, love, and faith are among the themes most often referred to in this epistle. For peace see 1:2; 2:14, 15, 17; 4:3; and 6:15; for love among the brothers or within the community (including the love of a husband for his wife) see 1:15; 4:2, 15, 16; 5:25, 28, 33; in a more general sense: 3:17; 5:2a; for the love of God in Christ for believers: 1:4; 2:4; 3:19; 5:2b; and for faith see 1:15; 2:8; 3:12, 17; 4:5, 13; 6:16. These were the very qualities that needed to be emphasized in that day and age. Is not the same true also today?) The peace of which the apostle is thinking is harmony among brothers.

Nevertheless, it cannot exist unless through faith in Christ and his atoning sacrifice it has been established first of all in the heart of individual believers. It is impossible to separate these two. Love, too, though here again emphatically that among brothers, cannot be separated from the love toward God in Christ; both of these resulting from the love of God in Christ for those who are his own. Faith means trusting in God Triune who has revealed himself to the church in Jesus Christ. It is the gift of God (2:8). Verse 24 adds grace.) There are those who lay special stress on what they believe to be the reverse order in which these items are here mentioned.

As they see it, in this enumeration the effect precedes the cause, the proper order being: first grace, because it is that divine attribute to which man owes everything; next faith, because it is the fruit of grace; and finally peace and love, as twin children of faith. I have no objection whatever against this representation as long as it makes allowance for an important qualification. To be sure, God s grace is basic. None of the others can ever begin to approach it as the cause or producer of every virtuous quality or activity in man. Yet, the relationship between the items here mentioned is richer and more bountiful by far than) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.2.7|AUTODETECT|” as it is present, reacts upon the others and enriches them. The more a person exercises his faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, the more also the work of divine grace will blossom forth in his life; and so also with the others. Love has been described as faith s fruit, but it also enriches faith; etc. All these qualities, attitudes, and activities proceed from God the Father, who is their Source, and the Lord Jesus Christ (see on 1:17) who by the shedding of his blood merited them as gifts for his children. The perfect equality of Father and Son is again clearly evident: one preposition precedes both. Continued: 24.

Grace (be) with all those who love our Lord Jesus Christ with (a love) imperishable. It has been pointed out that in verse 23 the love to which reference is made is emphatically that among brothers. Here in verse 24 it is the love for the Lord Jesus Christ that is stressed. Grace was the root of this love. The enrichment of grace is the fruit of the love that has the Savior as its object. Once this love for Christ is present in the heart it can never vanish for it is a divine endowment.

Literally, the apostle says, Grace that is, the very grace to which he has referred so often (see especially 2:5 8) (be) with all those loving our Lord Jesus Christ in imperishability. For imperishability or incorruptibility see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.7|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 2:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.42|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.42|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.50|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.50|AUTODETECT|” 50) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.53|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.53|AUTODETECT|” 53) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.54|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.54|AUTODETECT|” 54) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.10|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . It is, however, not in conflict with good grammar to construe this last phrase as an adverb; hence, imperishably. As to what it modifies it surely seems more natural that it would belong to the nearby loving than to anything more remote. In harmony with many interpreters, therefore, and also with most translators, I, therefore, translate as follows: those loving imperishably, which is the same as saying, Grace (be) with all those who love our Lord Jesus Christ with a love which, once present, can never perish. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.10-49.6.24|AUTODETECT|” Seed Thoughts of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.6.10-49.6.24|AUTODETECT|” Ephesians 6:10 24) 1 17 2 8 0 0 (one thought for each verse)) See Verse) 10. The exhortation to find one s source of power in the Lord is reasonable, for the Lord has demonstrated his power again and again both in nature and in grace and is still doing this.) 11. The omission of a single piece of armor is dangerous, for the devil will soon discover a person s Achilles heel.) 12. Denial of the existence and activity of a personal devil and his well-organized hosts is becoming more foolish every day.) 13. In order to stand your ground in the day of evil or crisis, stand your ground today!) 14. A sincere resolve to fight Satan in the strength of the Lord, coupled with right conduct, points the way to victory.

Make full use therefore of the God-given effective Armor.) 15. It is the guilt-eased heart that makes the feet nimble.) 16. Against Sinai s lightnings, hell s rage, and the atheist s ridicule the firm grip of faith in God and his promise always wins.) 17. Assurance of salvation is contagious: almost everyone likes to listen to the martial music of an army marching on to victory. The word of God is mightier than any two-edged sword.) 18. If prayer-life is weak, is it because you have not done justice to the four all s mentioned in this verse?) 19.

There is great power in intercessory prayer.) 20. Some take special pride in speaking bluntly. It is far better to ask for grace to speak courageously. ) 21. Believers take a keen interest in each other s welfare.) 22. Giving out information may be perfectly proper, particularly when the purpose is to strengthen the hearts of the listeners.) 23. The peace that passes all understanding, the love that is the greatest of the three greatest, and the faith that overcomes the world, these three precious treasures are given away to anyone who sincerely requests them of God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.) 24.

The gifts of God s grace are imperishable.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.27-40.5.32|AUTODETECT|” 163 In the teaching of Jesus there is constant reference to the ten commandments either as a group or singly 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.27-40.5.32|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:27 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.4-40.15.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.4-40.15.6|AUTODETECT|” 15:4 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.18|AUTODETECT|” 19:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.37-40.22.40|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.22.37-40.22.40|AUTODETECT|” 22:37 40) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.19|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.28-41.12.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.28-41.12.31|AUTODETECT|” 12:28 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.20|AUTODETECT|” Luke 18:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.24|AUTODETECT|” ; and perhaps ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.24|AUTODETECT|” John 4:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.2|AUTODETECT|” ). Paul, too, refers to one or more of them not only here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.2|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.3|AUTODETECT|” 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.7-45.7.12|AUTODETECT|” , but also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.7-45.7.12|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 7:7 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.8-45.13.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.8-45.13.10|AUTODETECT|” 13:8 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.14|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , but never as a means to be saved. The Didache, which has been ascribed to the period a.d. 120 180, opens with a summary of the law and in its second chapter mentions several of its commandments. See also the so-called Letter of Barnabas, chapters 15 and 19. It seems that not only did the Jews diligently teach the commandments to their children and to Gentile proselytes but that these commandments also figured prominently in Christian instruction, although, of course, the purpose of this teaching differed widely in the two camps.) 1 6 2 8 0 0 A.V. Authorized Version (King James)) A.R.V. American Standard Revised Version) R.S.V. Revised Standard Version) N.E.B. New English Bible) 164 Since �������� is used here as the antonym of provoke to anger, full justice should be done to its prefix; hence, love must replace anger. The children should be reared tenderly.) 165 See Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament, paragraph xxxii, an excellent treatment of the two terms ������� and ��������.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.15|AUTODETECT|” 166 For a discussion of the subject Principles and Methods of Education in Israel: Background for the Understanding of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.15|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 see N.T.C. on I and II Timothy and Titus, pp. 296 301. A brief bibliography is included in footnote 160 on p. 299.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 N.T.C. W. Hendriksen, New Testament Commentary) 167 In view of the present context there is only a minimal difference in meaning between ��� ������ and �x ������ . Either reading may here be rendered finally. Thus also N.T.L. (A. and G.), p. 481; Lenski, op. cit., p. 657; and Robertson, Word Pictures, Vol. 4, p. 549. Contrast Simpson, op. cit., p. 142.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.22|AUTODETECT|” 168 The question whether this present imperative should be construed as middle or as passive 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.22|AUTODETECT|” Acts 9:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.20|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 4:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.1|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) is academic since the former strengthen yourselves or the latter be strengthened coalesce because of the modifier in the Lord. ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 169 For the meaning of the nouns ������� (implied in the verb �����������), ������, and 0���� see on 1:19.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.2.14|AUTODETECT|” 170 Literally here and in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.2.14|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 2:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.17|AUTODETECT|” blood and flesh, but it is futile to search for any important difference in meaning between this word order and the reverse in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.17|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 16:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.50|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.50|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:50) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 171 The urgency of the command appears from the five aorists that are used in this one sentence.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.39|AUTODETECT|” 172 ��������� from ��������, an ���-compound, occurring also in the following passages: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.39|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.15|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.10|AUTODETECT|” Acts 6:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.8|AUTODETECT|” 13:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.19|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 9:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.2|AUTODETECT|” 13:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.0|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.0|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.8|AUTODETECT|” ; 11; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.8|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.15|AUTODETECT|” 4:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.4.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.4.7|AUTODETECT|” James 4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.9|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.9|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 5:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.15|AUTODETECT|” . While in all of these passages it means to resist, in some it implies to resist successfully 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.15|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.10|AUTODETECT|” Acts 6:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.19|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 9:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.13|AUTODETECT|” ). In the present instance 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.13|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) the successful character of the resistance is brought out especially in the words: and having done everything, to stand firm. See also footnote 161.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 173 Along this line the figure is interpreted by Calvin, Erdman, Greijdanus, Salmond, Scott, and others.) 174 This explanation is favored by Calvin, Erdman, Salmond, Westcott, etc. Lenski, on the other hand, rejects it, and interprets the figure as having reference to imputed righteousness, op. cit., p. 667. It is true, of course, that imputed and imparted righteousness can never be separated. They can, however, be distinguished. For the reasons given the reference here in 6:14 is to imparted righteousness.) 175 While by far the most commentators view this shield as a symbol of faith in action, which, as I see it, is the correct explanation, Lenski places the emphasis on the objective content of faith (op. cit., p. 671).) 176 The neuter E may be due to the influence of ����, which is stressed.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.35|AUTODETECT|” 177 This ������� is distinguished from the ������� 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.35|AUTODETECT|” Luke 2:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.12|AUTODETECT|” 2:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.2.16|AUTODETECT|” 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.6.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.6.8|AUTODETECT|” 6:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.15|AUTODETECT|” 19:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The latter is the heavy great-sword that proceeded out of Christ s mouth as John saw him in a vision on Patmos.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 178 In this passage the word is �����, not ����, but the central thought is the same for either, for the two terms are coextensive.) 179 The word ��� is used four times in verse 18: �����, �����, ����, and ������, four different forms.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.9|AUTODETECT|” 180 The verb used is ��������, meaning: I am a ����������, an ambassador. This word ���������� must not be confused with ���������, old man 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Philem. 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.12|AUTODETECT|” 181 For the meaning of the name see N.T.C. on Philippians, pp. 138, 139, footnote 116, where the explanation of many other personal names is also given. For more on Tychicus, e.g., his relation to Paul after the latter s first Roman imprisonment, see N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.12|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.12|AUTODETECT|” and on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.12|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 )