1 Timothy 5

-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 7 StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size -9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 jBiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 18 2 8 0 0 CHAPTER V) Outline of Chapter 5) Theme: The Apostle Paul, Writing to Timothy, Gives Directions For the Administration of the Church) Directions with respect to) Certain Definite Groups and Individuals) 5:1, 2 A. Older men, younger men, older women, younger women) 5:3 8 B. Widows in distress) 5:9 16 C. Widows engaged in spiritual work) 5:17 25 D. Elders and prospective elders) Up to this point Paul has imparted counsel with respect to matters most of which touched the entire Christian community which had its center in Ephesus. He has stated the reason why Timothy had been left in Ephesus (chapter 1), has given directions for the conduct of both men and women in connection with public worship (chapter 2), has stipulated the qualifications of elders and deacons (chapter 3), and has pointed out the path which Timothy (and the presbyters under his supervision) must tread in order to cope with apostasy and to grow in efficiency as minister(s) of Christ (chapter 4).) To a large extent but with important personal digressions all this was quite general.

Now the apostle begins to direct his attention more especially to individuals and groups within the Christian community. See the Outline.) It must be borne in mind, however, that this is a genuine letter, and that the divisions are never rigid. Thoughts continually overlap. Ideas once stated return in slightly altered form. The Outline covers the contents and marks the divisions in general.) ) 5:1, 2) 5 1 An old(er) man do not treat harshly, but admonish him as you would a father; young(er) men as brothers; 2 old(er) women as mothers, young(er) women as sisters, in all purity.) ) 1. An old(er) man do not treat harshly, but admonish him as you would a father.) In the course of his pastoral work Timothy will at times have to correct the faults of certain church-members.

These individuals can be distinguished as to age and sex: old(er) man, young(er) men; old(er) women, young(er) women. The comparative idea (older instead of old; younger instead of young) has almost vanished.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.19.32|AUTODETECT|” None of these must be treated harshly, least of all the senior members of the congregation. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.19.32|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 19:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.20.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.20.29|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 20:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=25.5.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=25.5.12|AUTODETECT|” Lam. 5:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.17|AUTODETECT|” b. The verb used in the original literally means to strike at; then to treat harshly. The word which we have rendered old(er) man is �����������. Elsewhere in The Pastorals 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.17|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.5|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.17|AUTODETECT|” ) it means an elder or presbyter. Here it is used in its primary sense of a man of advanced age 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.17|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), as the context clearly shows.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Instead of dealing harshly with those who need correction, Timothy must admonish. The verb used in the original means to call aside. This calling aside may be for the purpose of encouraging, comforting, exhorting, entreating, appealing to, or admonishing. It is obviously the latter thought which is predominant in the present passage.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.49|AUTODETECT|” Now it should be emphasized that also here Paul maintains beautiful balance. On the one hand, he does not want Timothy to spare the older people, permitting them to get away with their sins. On the other hand, he desires that they be treated with due respect. Timothy must admonish an old man as if the latter were his own father. How considerately, with what tact, what gentleness and moderation, would he deal with one who stood so close to him! Let him then treat this erring one with the same humility, love and tenderness. For, after all, the Christian community is a family, the most glorious family of all 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.49|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 12:49) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.50|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.50|AUTODETECT|” 50) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ); and it does indeed consist of fathers, mothers, brothers, and sisters & in the Lord! Hence, old(er) men must be treated as fathers, that is, with respect; young(er) men as brothers, that is, in the spirit of equality, an equality of persons, which does not exclude the exercise of authority on the part of him who administers the admonition.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 2. Old(er) women as mothers.) Female members of the congregation must not be excluded from the sphere of private pastoral counseling with respect to sin. Though this task may at times prove to be delicate, it must not be shunned. But when Timothy admonishes the old(er) women, he must deal with them as a good and loving adult son deals with his erring mother! To correct one s own mother surely requires deep humility, genuine searching of heart, wrestling at the throne of grace, wisdom! It is in that spirit that Timothy must proceed when he feels duty-bound to admonish old(er) women who have erred.) Young(er) women as sisters, in all purity.) Young(er) women, too, are the objects of pastoral care.

They should be admonished as sisters; hence, in all purity. When one seeks to help his sister to overcome a certain blemish of character, impurity (at least in the more popular sense of the word) is completely absent. Let Timothy treat the young ladies and the young married ladies who are under his spiritual care in that same fashion, just as if they were his own sisters, for they really are & in the Lord! In agreement with Calvin, we believe that the phrase in all purity belongs to the immediately preceding clause: admonish & young(er) women as sisters. Now it is certainly true that here as well as in 4:12 the phrase in all purity means in complete conformity in thought and word with God s moral law, and is not to be restricted to sexual purity. Nevertheless it would be incorrect to say that the idea of sexual purity is excluded from it.

That the command was altogether in place as a word not only for Timothy but for all ministers in every age is clear to anyone who will take the trouble to read the sad accounts which describe what happens when it is not heeded.��79��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.20|AUTODETECT|” It is true, of course, that the direction which Paul gives in these two verses is not for Timothy only but also for his assistants in the various churches of Ephesus and vicinity. On the other hand, the very language employed clearly indicates that it is wrong to regard Timothy as a superintendent without any pastoral duties of his own. Even his superior, Paul, was a real pastor, deeply concerned about every member 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.20|AUTODETECT|” Acts 20:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.7-52.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ; and see N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.7-52.2.11|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:7 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Then why not Timothy?) 1 7 2 8 0 0 ) 5:3 8) 3 As widows, honor those (who are) really (what is implied in the name) widows. 4 But if a widow has children or grandchildren, let these first learn their religious duty to their own family and make a real return to their parents; for this is acceptable in the sight of God. 5 Now the real widow, the one who was left all alone, has set her hope on God, and continues in her supplications and her prayers by night and by day; 6 but the one who is giving herself up to luxury, though living, is dead.) 7 These things, too, you must command, in order that they may be above reproach. 8 Now if any one does not provide for his own, and especially for the members of his own family, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.) ) 3. As widows, honor those (who are) really (what is implied in the name) widows.) Distressed widows are discussed in verses 3 8; those employed by the church in verses 9 16.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.12|AUTODETECT|” If older women must be treated as mothers, as Paul has just stated (see verse 2), and if mothers must be honored 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.12|AUTODETECT|” Ex. 20:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.5.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.5.16|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 5:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.2|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), it follows that distressed widows must also be honored.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.17|AUTODETECT|” Such widows (described in verse 5), must be honored, that is, treated with high regard, with great consideration, and this implies that those who are in need must receive material support. See also on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.17|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Strikingly beautiful is what Scripture teaches with respect to widows:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.68.5|AUTODETECT|” (1) God is a father of the fatherless, and a judge of the widows 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.68.5|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 68:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.22.23|AUTODETECT|” They are under his special care and protection 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.22.23|AUTODETECT|” Ex. 22:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.10.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.10.18|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 10:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.15.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.15.25|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 15:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.146.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.146.9|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 146:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.14.29|AUTODETECT|” (2) By means of the tithe and the forgotten sheaf he provides for them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.14.29|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 14:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.24.19-5.24.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.24.19-5.24.21|AUTODETECT|” 24:19 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.26.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.26.12|AUTODETECT|” 26:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.26.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.26.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.16.11|AUTODETECT|” ). At the feasts which he has instituted, they too should rejoice 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.16.11|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 16:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.16.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.16.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.1.17|AUTODETECT|” (3) He blesses those who help and honor them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Is. 1:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.1.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.1.18|AUTODETECT|” 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.7.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.7.6|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 7:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.22.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.22.3|AUTODETECT|” 22:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.22.4|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.22.4|AUTODETECT|” 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.22.22|AUTODETECT|” (4) He rebukes and punishes those who hurt them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.22.22|AUTODETECT|” Ex. 22:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.24.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.24.17|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 24:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.27.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.27.19|AUTODETECT|” 27:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.7.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.7.10|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 7:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.24.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.24.3|AUTODETECT|” Job 24:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.24.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.24.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.31.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.31.16|AUTODETECT|” 31:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.94.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.94.6|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 94:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.5|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 3:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.42|AUTODETECT|” (5) They are the objects of Christ s tender compassion, as is clear from the Gospels, especially from the Gospel according to Luke 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.42|AUTODETECT|” Mark 12:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.43|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.43|AUTODETECT|” 43) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.11-42.7.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.11-42.7.17|AUTODETECT|” Luke 7:11 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.3|AUTODETECT|” 18:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.47|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.20.47|AUTODETECT|” 20:47) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.2|AUTODETECT|” 21:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.3|AUTODETECT|” 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.1-44.6.6|AUTODETECT|” (6) In the early church they were not forgotten. It was the neglect of certain widows which led to the appointment of the first deacons, so that in the future widows might receive better care 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.1-44.6.6|AUTODETECT|” Acts 6:1 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.27|AUTODETECT|” ). And according to James, one of the manifestations of a religion that is pure and undefiled is this: to visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.27|AUTODETECT|” James 1:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 4 2 8 0 0 Timothy, then, certainly knows what Paul means when he says, Honor & those who are really (what is implied in the name) widows. ) There is here a play upon words, for in the original the word widow means the one bereaved, deprived (of her husband; hence, often without means of support). Hence, what the apostle is saying amounts to this, As deprived ones, honor those (who are) really deprived . If certain etymologists are correct (not all agree), then we could have a similar play of words in English, for the word widow = Latin vidua, is by them linked with such words as void and devoid. Hence, one might say, As viduae (widows), honor those who are really devoid (of means of support). ) Gainful employment for widows was scarce. Besides, some widows were too old to provide for themselves. Hence, those who had no other means of support must be provided for by the church.) 4.

There are, however, widows who do not fall within this category. Hence, Paul continues, But if a widow has children or grandchildren, let these��80�� first learn their religious duty to their own family and make a real return to their parents; for this is acceptable in the sight of God.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.23|AUTODETECT|” The church must not be unnecessarily burdened. Yet, that is not the main reason for the present command. It is rather this: Children and grandchildren should honor their progenitors! That is their first religious 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.23|AUTODETECT|” Acts 17:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=1.45.3|AUTODETECT|” ) duty toward those who brought them up. They should strive to make a real return (acc. pl. of �����, plural of intensity) for all the care that was so lovingly bestowed upon them. Note, Let these first learn this lesson. By nature children are often disinclined to provide for their needy parents. According to a Dutch proverb it frequently seems easier for one poor father to bring up ten children than for ten rich children to provide for one poor father. But even if it means self-denial, this lesson must be learned.

It is certainly implied in the fifth commandment. Moreover, it should be done with gladness, in the spirit of love, as a token of appreciation for that which the children have themselves received from their parents. Joseph s genuine concern for the welfare of his father should serve as a lesson for all time: I am Joseph; is my father still alive? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.45.3|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 45:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.45.9-1.45.13|AUTODETECT|” ). Note with what tenderness and whole-hearted devotion he provided for his father 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.45.9-1.45.13|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 45:9 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.46.28-1.46.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.46.28-1.46.34|AUTODETECT|” 46:28 34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.47.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.47.7|AUTODETECT|” 47:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.47.27-1.47.31|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.47.27-1.47.31|AUTODETECT|” 27 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.50.1-1.50.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.50.1-1.50.14|AUTODETECT|” 50:1 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.26|AUTODETECT|” ). And read also the words of the crucified Christ with respect to his mother 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.26|AUTODETECT|” John 19:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.27|AUTODETECT|” 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Surely, when children honor their parents and grandparents, such conduct is acceptable in the sight of God! His promise is bound to be fulfilled.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 5. The apostle now returns to the discussion of the real widow (see verse 3), the one who does not have children and/or grandchildren who can support her. Says he, Now the real widow, the one who was left all alone, has set her hope on God.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.123.1|AUTODETECT|” The real widow, then, has nowhere else to go! Her refuge is the living God, for on earth she is no one s dependent. She was left all alone, and abides in that condition. There is no child or grandchild or anyone else whose duty it would be to support her. On God she has permanently fixed her hope (third per. sing. perfect indic.). Her expectation is of him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.123.1|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 123:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.123.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.123.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.1|AUTODETECT|” This hope is real and vital. Hence, Paul adds: and continues in her supplications and in her prayers by night and by day.��81�� The terms supplications and prayers have been explained before 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.36|AUTODETECT|” ). In the present instance the original has the article with each noun: the supplications & the prayers. In other words, they are her very own, the outpourings of her own soul. Moreover, she prays not only by day, at set times and whenever the need arises, but also by night: every night, and perhaps especially, when, vexed with anxiety, she cannot sleep, during nightly vigils, etc. The emphasis rests on the fact that, with her, praying is not a now and then affair; she continues in her supplications and in her prayers. Part of every night and part of every day is spent in supplication and prayer. She reminds one of the widow Anna 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.36|AUTODETECT|” Luke 2:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.37|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.37|AUTODETECT|” 37) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 This is a truly beautiful description of the real widow. The apostle does not repeat that such a widow should be honored by the church. Timothy will, of course, link verses 3 and 5. The obvious does not have to be repeated.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.5|AUTODETECT|” 6. Our admiration and high regard for the real widow grows when we compare her with her opposite as now described by Paul: but the one who is giving herself up to luxury, though living, is dead. This widow is living luxuriously, perhaps even riotously 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.5|AUTODETECT|” James 5:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.16.49|AUTODETECT|” ), like the daughters of Sodom 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.16.49|AUTODETECT|” Ezek. 16:49) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.7|AUTODETECT|” ). She is gay, frivolous, dissolute, pleasure-mad, a merry widow. Whatever interest in religious matters she may have displayed at one time is now completely gone. Like the seed that fell among the thorns and was choked by them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.7|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 13:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.13.22|AUTODETECT|” 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), so also in this woman s case, the word of God, to which at one time she listened outwardly, was choked by her delight in riches and pleasures. She reminds us of Kipling s Widow at Windsor with ships on the foam and millions at home. Though physically alive, she has actually died and is therefore now dead to all higher interests. Of course, she never was a real Christian, but she used to pay her respects to religion. She went to church, and seemed to listen to the reading of the Word. Her lips used to move in prayer, and she was even emotionally stirred at times.

Today, however, all that belongs definitely to the past. She is dressed in her gavest attire, and her purpose is to have fun and, perhaps, to make a good catch. It is not necessary for Paul to add, Do not honor such widows. ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 7. These things, too, you must command, in order that they may be above reproach.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.11|AUTODETECT|” Timothy is to urge obedience not only to the things referred to in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.11|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 but also to the things which Paul has just now been saying. Surely, the most natural view is that the expression these things refers to the entire paragraph (verses 3 6). Timothy must see to it that the church honors really dependent and deserving widows (verses 3 and 5); that children and grandchildren do their duty to their parents (verse 4); and that everyone knows how to distinguish between the widow who should be honored and the widow who should not be honored (implied in verses 5 and 6).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 If all the interested persons obey these commands, they will be above reproach both from the side of the world and from the side of the church.) 8. Now if anyone does not provide for his own, and especially for the members of his own family, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.2|AUTODETECT|” What has been stated positively in verse 4 is now stated negatively, more inclusively, and with greater force. The sin here censured is present in every community and in every age. Hence, the rule Bear one another s burdens, and so fulfil the law of Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.2|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 6:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.34|AUTODETECT|” ) has validity for all time, particularly with reference to those whom one should consider his own. Does this expression his own as here used mean his own close relatives, for example, a widowed mother or grandmother, an aged and infirm father or grandfather, a physically or mentally ill cousin, an uncle or aunt on the verge of collapse? Are friends included or only relatives? No doubt, indefiniteness is here a virtue. Each case must be judged on its own merits, according to the need which exists and the ability to render assistance. But ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.34|AUTODETECT|” John 13:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.12|AUTODETECT|” 15:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.2|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 6:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 are always applicable.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 However, within this rather indefinite (not sharply delimited) circle of dear ones there is a smaller one which is far more definite: and especially for the members of his own family. Here the immediate family is meant, that is, immediate in the sense indicated in verse 4.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.12|AUTODETECT|” The apostle, then, has a word of rebuke for the person who neglects his duty toward his own, and especially for him who fails to support the members of his immediate family. Such a neglectful individual has denied the faith . 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.12|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.12|AUTODETECT|” ; but see also on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.12|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) He has denied it not by means of words necessarily but (what is often far worse) by means of his sinful negligence. Lack of positive action, the sin of omission, gives the lie to his profession of faith (subjective sense). Though he professes to be a Christian, he lacks the most precious of all the fruits that grow on the tree of a truly Christian life and conduct. He lacks love. Where this good fruit is absent, there cannot be a good tree.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Such a person is said to be worse than an unbeliever. This is true for the following reasons:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.34|AUTODETECT|” (1) Most unbelievers have never heard about the specific precept found in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.34|AUTODETECT|” John 13:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.12|AUTODETECT|” 15:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.2|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 6:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . But he who has been instructed in the Christian religion has heard this command again and again.) 1 27 2 8 0 0 (2) Most unbelievers are complete strangers to Christ s glorious example of love for his own (including the love for his mother). But the church-member has become acquainted with the story of his infinite love.) (3) Unbelievers, in general, know nothing about the promise of an enabling power, namely, the power of the Holy Spirit operating in the believer s heart. But he who professes to be a Christian has witnessed the evidences of this power in the lives of others.) (4) Yet, in spite of this threefold lack, unbelievers do often show some affection toward those who belong to their family-circle, in wider or more restricted sense. Frequently they do actually provide for their widowed mothers and grandmothers, and pagan reverence for ancestors is a well-known religious phenomenon. Hence, the person who wishes to be viewed as a Christian but who, in spite of the clearer light and the many privileges which he has received, does not perform his religious duty with respect to those whom God has placed within the sphere of his special responsibility, is, indeed, worse than an infidel. ) ) 5:9 16) 9 A widow, in order to be placed on the list of widows, must not be less than sixty years of age; (she must have been) one husband s wife, 10 well-attested for noble deeds. (She can be placed on the list) if she has reared children, if she has practised hospitality, if she has washed the feet of saints, if she has assisted the afflicted, if she has been devoted to every kind of good work.) 11 But younger widows you must refuse (to place on the list); for often when, contrary to (their pledged devotion to) Christ, they grow restless with desire, they want to get married (again); 12 incurring guilt because they have repudiated their former pledge. 13 At the same time they also learn to be idle, gadding about from house to house, and not only idle but also gossipy and meddlesome, saying things which they should not (say).) 14 So I would have young widows marry (again), bear children, manage a home, and give the adversary no occasion whatever for slandering. 15 For even now some have turned aside after Satan. 16 But if any believing woman has widows, let her assist them, and let the church not be burdened, so that it may assist those who are really (what is implied in the name) widows.) ) 9. A widow, in order to be placed on the list of widows, must not be less than sixty years of age.) The subject of verses 9 16 differs in one important respect from that treated in verses 3 8.

There the theme was Widows and their Need. Here Paul discusses Widows and their Work. That section dealt with widows in general; this one has to do with widows that are placed on a list or catalogued. ) With respect to the question, Who are these widows? there are, in the main, four views:) (1) They are the deaconesses (Schleiermacher).) Objections:) a. Note the age: not under sixty (verse 9).) b. Deaconesses have been discussed previously (see on 3:11).) (2) They are those widows who are entitled to material support from the church (Chrysostom, Calvin, N. J.

D. White in The Expositor s Greek Testament, Dibelius, and many others). The theories vary. Some think of all the widows of 60 and above, who possess the qualities that are mentioned. Others believe that only such widows are meant who were willing to work for the church. They think of a contract, We, older widows, promise to render service to the church.

We, the church-authorities, promise to provide for you when the need arises. ) Objections:) a. Would the church refuse to support widows under sixty, with small children?) b. Does not verse 10 indicate that the widows of which this section speaks were comparatively well-to-do?) c. Is it not true that the question, Which widows should receive aid from the church, and which should not? has already been discussed (verses 4, and by implication, 5, 7, and 8)? Why would another set of restrictions be added now, and those of so very exclusive a nature (Ellicott); see verse 10?) (3) The question must be left unanswered (Lenski).) Objection:) Though I share Lenski s objections to the second view, I do not agree with his argumentation against view Number (4).) (4) These are the widows who possessed the necessary qualifications for the performance of certain spiritual and charitable functions in the church (C. J.

Ellicott, A. T. Robertson, E. F. Scott, C. Bouma, and many others).) I believe that this is the correct view.

Reasons:) a. The qualifications for inclusion in the list point in the direction of work to be done, just as did the list of qualifications for women-helpers in 3:11, and the lists for elders and for deacons in 3:1 10, 12.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.4|AUTODETECT|” b. Let it be granted that most widows over sixty might be considered too old to take care of orphans Lenski s objection, op. cit., p. 669 the answer to this (aside from the fact that some women at that age are still not too old, and, in fact, insist on performing work of that kind!) is simple: verse 10 does not state that they must take care of orphans but that they must have reared children! Surely, widows who have successfully brought up children are the very ones who can impart good advice to younger women. They can train them to love their husbands and to love their children 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), and can give them all kinds of valuable hints!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.9|AUTODETECT|” c. There is sufficient evidence to show that in the early church such a body of widows, with definite functions actually existed. Thus Tertullian (possibly about the year 204), referring definitely to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.9|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , states that the task of these women was, that their experienced training in all the affections may have rendered them capable of readily assisting all others with counsel and comfort (On The Veiling Of Virgins, IX).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 In the early church such a widow was called the intercessor of the church, the keeper of the door, and the altar of God. ) Their duties seem to have been: giving good counsel to the younger women, praying and fasting, visiting the sick, preparing women for baptism, taking them to communion, and giving guidance and direction to widows and orphans who were supported by the church (see article Woman in I.S.B.E., IV. 5, Vol. V, p. 3103).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.27|AUTODETECT|” d. If even today, as any minister who has served large churches knows, older women are at times consulted and sent on missions in which they excel, and which may be too delicate for others to perform, it is readily understandable that in Bible-lands (and particularly at that time, but to a degree even today), with their social and psychological barriers between men and women 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.27|AUTODETECT|” John 4:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) there would be much work which these widows were able to perform with greater effectiveness than anyone else (especially work among women). And there would be plenty of somewhat similar work left for the younger married women. The reasons why the younger widows those less than sixty years of age were to be excluded from the performance of much of this work is stated by Paul in verses 11 15.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” As a second requirement Paul states: (she must have been) one husband s wife 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Of course, this cannot mean, She must not have been a widow who subsequently remarried, and who then lost also her second husband, for had Paul meant that, he would have been contradicting himself. Such a widow would have done the very thing which the apostle wanted young widows to do he wanted them to remarry (verse 14) , and it surely would have been unjust afterward to bar them from The Widow s List! The expression one husband s wife must simply mean that while married she had been faithful to her one husband. Other qualifications follow:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” 10. well-attested for noble deeds. Anyone who performs church-work must have a good reputation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.3|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.3|AUTODETECT|” Acts 6:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.2|AUTODETECT|” 16:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.2|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 11:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.5.31|AUTODETECT|” There follow five if or whether clauses. We have here another instance of abbreviated discourse 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.5.31|AUTODETECT|” John 5:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , Vol. I, p. 206). One can fill in the implied words in either of two ways, with very little difference in resultant meaning:) 1 7 2 8 0 0 Either:) One should enquire whether she has reared children, whether she has practised hospitality, etc.) Or:) She can be placed on the list if she has reared children, if she has practised hospitality, etc.) In either case the meaning is: she should not be placed on the list unless her record shows that she has been diligent in these matters.) The items themselves are readily understandable. Surely a woman who is to perform the work which has been indicated (see on verse 9) must have the qualifications that are implied in the five clauses:) a. (She can be placed on the list) if she has reared children. She must be experienced in this line if she is to give counsel and direction to others.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” b. if she has practised hospitality. See on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.17.9|AUTODETECT|” . This grace was practised beautifully by the widow of Zarephath who sustained Elijah 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.17.9|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 17:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.4.8-12.4.11|AUTODETECT|” ), by the Shunammite woman who lodged Elisha 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=12.4.8-12.4.11|AUTODETECT|” II Kings 4:8 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.40|AUTODETECT|” ), and by Lydia 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.40|AUTODETECT|” Acts 16:40) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.18.6|AUTODETECT|” c. if she has washed the feet of saints. Perhaps meaning literally, that this service was rendered by her or under her supervision; surely figuratively: that she has rendered humble service to traveling preachers. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.18.6|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 18:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.25.41|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.25.41|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 25:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . On the entire matter of footwashing see N.T.C. on John, Vol. II, pp. 219 241, especially p. 236 and the footnote there.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.33|AUTODETECT|” d. if she has assisted the afflicted. The early Christians were persecuted, oppressed. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.33|AUTODETECT|” John 16:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.6|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.4|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.2|AUTODETECT|” . They needed relief, help (same verb in verse 16). Burdens must be shared 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.2|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 6:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 4 2 8 0 0 e. if she has been devoted to every kind of good work. This may be viewed as a re-iteration of well-attested for noble deeds at the beginning of the verse. However, it is possible that the thought is somewhat strengthened here: not only must this widow have a reputation for noble deeds; she must actually have been diligently devoted to (she must have followed) every kind of good work! Reputation is a fine thing, but sometimes it is undeserved. To be placed on the list, it must have been deserved!) 11, 12. The apostle now proceeds to give two reasons why younger widows should be excluded from the list.

The first reason is stated in verses 11 and 12: But younger widows you must refuse (to place on the list); for often when, contrary to (their pledged devotion to) Christ, they grow restless with desire, they want to get married (again).) For much of the work which Paul has in mind (see on verse 9) older women would be required, women with experience, who had the time and the opportunity, old widows therefore. But the possibility existed that also younger widows might apply. However, the importance of the work required whole-hearted devotion. If the interests are divided, so that the widow s mind, even during the performance of her spiritual functions, is pre-occupied with the idea of finding a suitable husband, her efficiency will suffer. This is often the case (note the indefinite E���). This is one of the reasons why the application of younger widows (those under sixty) should be rejected.) Of course, Paul finds no fault whatever with the idea that younger widows should wish to marry again.

In fact, he wants them to do just that (see verse 14). But he definitely finds fault with young widows who have pledged themselves to an important spiritual ministry and who then, nevertheless, break their pledge by marrying again! The apostle says, contrary to & Christ. That he means contrary to their pledged devotion to Christ (that is, to the work of Christ which they have pledged to perform) is clear from verse 12.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.18.7|AUTODETECT|” Such young widows, as Paul must have noticed again and again, tend to grow restless with desire. Because their minds are occupied with other matters (for example, with respect to the next husband), they become bored with their church-duties, and begin to rebel against them. The verb ������������ is used only in this one passage. It seems to mean to exercise one s youthful vigor against (see M.M., p. 593). The uncompounded verb is also found in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.18.7|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 18:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.18.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.18.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.11|AUTODETECT|” , where Babylon and the kings of the earth are said to have waxed wanton with wealth and pleasure. The upsurge of feeling which is indicated here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.11|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 is not necessarily evil. It is natural for a young widow to cherish the desire to remarry. She is young, throbbing with life, longing for a husband. Let her then get married again if the opportunity presents itself, but as long as she is a young widow let her not be placed on the list of widows who perform special services in the church. Paul was a very practical man!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.16|AUTODETECT|” He continues: incurring guilt because they have repudiated their former pledge. The idea of several commentators that these young widows have rejected their faith in Jesus Christ, that they wish to marry pagans, and that they consequently suffer the judgment of everlasting damnation is surely foreign to the entire context. The apostle is writing about Christian young widows, who love the Lord sufficiently that they have applied for a position of special service in his kingdom! That they might subsequently become pre-occupied with the idea of remarriage is, after all, quite natural. Only, in that case they would be repudiating 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.16|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) their former (������) pledge (������) to the church, namely, to continue in the work of the Lord. This would involve them in a judgment, that is, in guilt (�����). Paul wishes to spare them, and to promote the spiritual and charitable work of the church. Hence, he advises that such young widows be not placed on the list, but that they marry again (verse 14).) 1 3 2 8 0 0 13. The second reason why such young widows should not be placed on the list is now stated: At the same time they also learn to be idle, gadding about from house to house, and not only idle but also gossipy and meddlesome, saying things which they should not (say).) Of course, Paul does not mean that all young widows are like that. He does mean that this is likely to happen, and surely the church cannot afford to take a chance. ) Writing, then, about a certain type of young widows, the apostle s description becomes very vivid.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.13|AUTODETECT|” First, he says, they learn to be (�����������; the Greek idiom does not require �6���) idle: they get into habits of idleness. This idleness is brought about by their gadding about from house to house 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.13|AUTODETECT|” Acts 19:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.13|AUTODETECT|” 28:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.11|AUTODETECT|” ). Now this business of going from house to house was in all likelihood included in their work (see on verse 9), the purpose being to render assistance and impart counsel. But these young widows would tend to make everything of this one phase of their task, and a person can easily guess why: they were the sociable type. They enjoyed boon companionship. They liked to be entertained at (what in our day would be called) a tea-party. And so they made a purely social affair of their assignment! They would become not only idle but chatty and meddlesome. (Note the play upon words: ���� ���������. One might translate: not busy workers but busybodies as were some people in Thessalonica; see N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.11|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 3:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) The description is so very vivid that one cannot help thinking that young widows had been tried out for this kind of work, and that this was what had happened. Of course, the result was that thus they might easily be doing more harm than good. In the midst of their vivacious chatter they would often say things which they should not (say), creating problems for the church instead of solving any!) 1 2 2 8 0 0 14, 15. What, then, should young widows do? The answer is: So I would have young widows marry (again), bear children, manage a home.) Paul does not favor asceticism. He does not want young widows to remain unmarried. This surely indicates that the apostle does not regard celibacy as a higher form of Christianity. There is a wide gulf between Paul and Tertullian. The latter came to regard second marriage as successive polygamy. In the early church (second century and afterward) there were many who took a somewhat similar view, though they did not always advance so many and such lengthy arguments in favor of absolute monogamy as did Tertullian.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.39|AUTODETECT|” Paul wants these young widows to be entirely happy, and to fulfil their natural calling. Hence, not only does he desire that when a good opportunity presents itself they get married again 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.39|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 7:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.15|AUTODETECT|” ), but also that they bear children 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.15|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Moreover, he wants them to assume their divinely ordained role in the rearing of these children. He wants them to manage a home or rule a household (this verb, too, occurs nowhere else in the New Testament; but see M.M., p. 441).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.9|AUTODETECT|” It is clearly evident that Paul is seeking to promote the welfare not only of the church but also of these young widows. He does not want them to do what is unbecoming. Let them accept the offer of marriage if they can conscientiously do so. Let them not waste their time in idle gossip. Let them adorn their confession with a life to God s honor. Hence, he adds: and give the adversary no occasion whatever for slandering (or: favorable to slandering). Paul is thinking of a human adversary, whether he be a Jew or a Gentile. Such a person would always be ready to rail or revile 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.9|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 3:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ). Thus not only would the reputation of the widow suffer, but God s name would be dishonored. With sadness of heart the apostle adds: For even now some have turned aside after Satan. He is still thinking about young widows. The meaning is, It is necessary that I emphasize this, namely, that the adversary must not receive any occasion for slandering, for I know of concrete cases where this has already taken place. These widows had turned aside from the right path 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.6|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.19|AUTODETECT|” ), and were now following Satan instead of obeying Christ s command, Follow me 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.19|AUTODETECT|” John 21:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 16. Is there, then, no work in the kingdom for a young widow with means and with the desire to help the good cause? O yes there is! In addition to what she is able to do in a strictly personal way (for example, pray for the church and for all those in need, make a personal visit to those in need, etc.), there is another way in which she can help the church. And not only she but any believing woman (����� is the best reading here; see N.N.) who has the means can do the thing which Paul expresses in these words: But if any believing woman has widows, let her assist them.) Here, let us say, is a lady like Lydia, who has a spacious home. She has a servant, a friend, or a relative, who happens to be a widow.

Perhaps she can provide a home for that widow, or even for more than one widow. Or else she can help the widow financially or by providing work. Let her then do her Christian duty so that God may be glorified, so that this gracious lady may herself experience in her heart the peace which results from divine approval of deeds well done, and so that the needy one may be relieved. Paul, however, gives expression not to these objectives but to another. Says he: And let the church not be burdened, so that it may assist those who are really (what is implied in the name) widows.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.25|AUTODETECT|” Here the apostle returns to the thought expressed in verses 3 and 4. Needy widows are first of all the responsibility of those who are nearest to them; for example, children, grandchildren, women of means who stand in a relation of closeness to them. Let them then do their duty. Not only is this morally the right thing to do, but there is also a very practical consideration. The church has its hands full as it is. It does not count many rich people among its members 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.25|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.26|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.26|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.8|AUTODETECT|” ). Hence, it should not be burdened 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.8|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.4|AUTODETECT|” 5:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.43|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.43|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:43) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.32|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.32|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.34|AUTODETECT|” 21:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Without this extra burden it will be able to assist those who are really (what is implied in the name) widows. This last clause has already been explained (see on verse 3). These are the widows who are completely destitute, having no one to support them. If everyone does his part, it will be so much easier for the church to care for these widows. Truly, a lesson also for today!) 1 8 2 8 0 0 ) 5:17 25) 17 Let the elders who rule well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in preaching and teaching. 18 For the Scripture says, A threshing ox you shall not muzzle, and Worthy of his pay (is) the worker. 19 Never entertain an accusation against an elder unless (it is) supported by two or three witnesses. 20 Those who do wrong you must rebuke in the presence of all, so that also the others may be filled with fear.) 21 I charge (you) in the sight of God and of Christ Jesus and of the elect angels that you observe these instructions (or: these things) without prejudice, doing nothing from partiality. 22 Do not lay hands (of ordination) upon anyone hastily, neither be a partaker in the sins of others: keep yourself pure. 23 No longer drink water (only), but use a little wine for the sake of your stomach and your frequent ailments.) 24 The sins of some men are clearly evident, proceeding ahead of them to judgment, but the sins of others follow after (them). 25 Similarly, the noble deeds (are) clearly evident, and even those that are otherwise cannot remain hidden.) ) 17. Let the elders who rule well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in preaching and teaching.) Honor due to widows suggests honor due to elders. Moreover, just as the word widow was used first in a general sense (verse 3), but later (verse 9) in the sense of those whose names had been entered upon a list and who performed certain functions in the church, so also the word presbyter occurs first in the general sense of old man (5:1), but now as a synonym of overseer, the latter term indicating the character of the man s work, the former his age and the dignity which pertains to him because of his age and office.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” It is clear that by the terms overseer and elder the same person is indicated, for in both cases we are told that these men rule and teach 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.1|AUTODETECT|” with 5:17). That an overseer would be called a presbyter or elder is not strange, for in ancient Israel, in the synagogue, and also in the early church, the older men were clothed with this office. Very fittingly the term overseer is used when the emphasis is on their work 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.17|AUTODETECT|” ), the term elder when the emphasis is on the honor that is their due 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.17|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 16 2 8 0 0 It is worthy of note that Timothy is here instructed to see to it that the excellently ruling elders (thus literally) are honored by the congregation. The apostle must have been aware of the fact that in many cases church-members are apt to forget this. They are prone to believe that the overseers are living on Easy Street, especially those who labor in preaching and teaching, or that if any honor is to be bestowed it should be by means of the funeral-sermon! Is it surprising that so many ministers suffer nervous breakdowns? And that among them there are several who were doing their work conscientiously?) The words especially those who labor in preaching (literally in word) and teaching show that already in Paul s days a distinction began to be made between those whom today we call ministers and those whom we still call elders. All rule, and to a certain extent all teach, but some (in addition to ruling) labor in preaching (expounding the Word to the assembled congregation), and teaching (imparting instruction to the youth, to enquirers, and to all who stand in need of it).

They specialize in it, working hard at it. It requires much of their time and effort: preaching, teaching, and preparing for it.) Now all the excellently ruling elders must receive double honor. But what is meant by this expression? Interpretations vary:) (1) honor and honorarium. They should receive both honor and material reward (Chrysostom, C. Bouma).) (2) ample pay, better remuneration, twice the salary they get (along this line, but with individual variations, Moffatt, White in Expositor s Greek Testament, Williams).) (3) twice as much honor as widows, or twice as great a portion of the firstfruits as widows (Constitutions of the Holy Apostles II. xxviii; in that same direction Calvin, Lock).) (4) honor as brothers and honor as rulers; or honor on account of age and honor on account of office (Tertullian, Bengel).) (5) honor as elders, extra honor as those who rule excellently (Lenski).) I believe that this last interpretation is the correct one, and I endorse the statement of Lenski that the context itself explains twofold honor.

Nevertheless, this double honor must not be so interpreted as if any idea of remuneration is completely excluded from it, and as if in connection with verse 18 the thought conveyed is simply this: Excellently ruling elders should receive their due, namely, double honor; just like the threshing ox receives its due, namely, wisps of grain; and just like the laborer receives his due, namely, wages (see Lenski on verse 18). In this way every notion of financial remuneration would be completely excluded from the double honor due to the elders who serve well and are in need of it. But that can hardly be correct, for also in the case of the widows the honor due them was immediately linked with that of material support (verses 3 and 4), and the analogies which Paul uses in verse 18 certainly point in the same direction as far as the elders are concerned. The true explanation, therefore, would seem to be this:) An elder deserves to be honored; particularly if his labor excels in quality. This honor is due especially to those who labor in preaching and teaching. And this implies, of course, that wherever it is necessary the work should also be rewarded in a material way.

A man who spends all his time and effort in kingdom-work certainly deserves a good salary. Not that the word honor in and by itself has here the meaning honorarium.��82�� It means honor. But it would be evidence of lack of honor if the church should demand of a man who devotes himself entirely to spiritual work that he do this gratis.) The explanation which I have given does not imply that every elder, or even every excellently ruling elder receive a salary. All who rule well deserve double honor, and in the case of those who devote themselves entirely to church-work this implies the right of remuneration. (And it implies more than that; see verses 19, 20, 22.)) 18. For the Scripture says,) A threshing ox you shall not muzzle) and) Worthy of his pay (is) the worker.) The two sayings are clearly co-ordinate. If the first is scripture, so is the second.

Thus a word spoken by Jesus is here placed on a par with a saying from the Old Testament canon.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.25.4|AUTODETECT|” The first saying is quoted from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.25.4|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 25:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.8-46.9.12|AUTODETECT|” . Paul makes a similar use of it in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.8-46.9.12|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 9:8 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=28.10.11|AUTODETECT|” . The picture is that of a threshing-floor: a circular piece of level ground, exposed to the wind. Sometimes it is a flat rock on top of a hill. The sheaves of grain have been unbound and lie on this floor, arranged in circles. Oxen are driven over them, so that by the trampling of their hoofs the ripe grain may be shaken out of the ears 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=28.10.11|AUTODETECT|” Hos. 10:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=33.4.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=33.4.13|AUTODETECT|” Mic. 4:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.8.7|AUTODETECT|” ). Or, for the same purpose the oxen may be harnessed to a rough sledge on which the driver stands or sits, as he guides the oxen around and around 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.8.7|AUTODETECT|” Judg. 8:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.28.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.28.27|AUTODETECT|” Is. 28:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.41.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.41.15|AUTODETECT|” 41:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). This sledge or drag is a kind of sled consisting of two heavy boards, fastened side by side, and curved upward in front. To the bottom of it sharp pieces of stone are attached, to loosen the kernels of grain.��83��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.9|AUTODETECT|” Now cruel pagans would at times muzzle such threshing oxen, but Jehovah had distinctly forbidden Israel to do this. The purpose of this injunction was that men might see the kindness of God; particularly, that they might discern this basic principle, namely, that to every worker (be that worker an ox, a common laborer, or a minister of the gospel) God has given the right to partake of the fruits of his work. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.9|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 9:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.14|AUTODETECT|” .) In the present instance this would mean that those who proclaim the gospel should make their living by the gospel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.14|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 9:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.7|AUTODETECT|” The second saying, Worthy of his pay is the worker is found in this precise form in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.7|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.10|AUTODETECT|” . 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.10|AUTODETECT|” Matthew 10:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.14|AUTODETECT|” the saying occurs in a slightly different form: Worthy of his food is the worker. ) Paul and Luke were friends, and were often together. Luke had been with Paul during the latter s first Roman imprisonment 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.14|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.24|AUTODETECT|” Philemon 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It is not impossible that Luke s Gospel had just been brought to completion. Hence, if that be true, the apostle was able to quote from it. Or else he may here be quoting from a collection of sayings which presumably was used as a source of Luke s Gospel.��84��) 1 2 2 8 0 0 By combining the two quotations, and viewing them in the light of preceding context, we notice that Paul is emphasizing that the respect of which excellently ruling elders are worthy implies that those among them who devote themselves entirely to gospel-work have a right to wages, and that these wages should not be withheld.) 19. Now this honor which is the elder s due should express itself also in another way: Never entertain an accusation against an elder unless (it is) supported by two or three witnesses.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.17.6|AUTODETECT|” An accusation against an elder must be upon that is, must be based upon the oral testimony of two or three witnesses. Note that though of old any Israelite was safeguarded against indictment and sentencing unless two or three reliable witnesses testified against him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.17.6|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 17:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.35.30|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.35.30|AUTODETECT|” Num. 35:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.5.31|AUTODETECT|” ; and see N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.5.31|AUTODETECT|” John 5:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.14|AUTODETECT|” 8:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.19|AUTODETECT|” ), here 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.19|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.23.1|AUTODETECT|” ) presbyters are safeguarded even against having to answer a charge 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.23.1|AUTODETECT|” Ex. 23:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 in LXX), unless it be at once supported by two or three witnesses. Lacking such support, the accusation must not even be taken up or entertained. The reputation of the elder must not be unnecessarily damaged, and his work must not suffer unnecessary interruption.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 20. Nevertheless, at times a charge against an elder will have sufficient support to be entertained, and will afterward even be sustained by the facts. What then? Says Paul: Those who do wrong you must rebuke in the presence of all, so that also the others may be filled with fear (literally: may have fear).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.4.22|AUTODETECT|” Elders who walk in sinful ways must not be spared. In fact, their sin must be punished even more severely than that of others. The law made the same distinction 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.4.22|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 4:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.4.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.4.27|AUTODETECT|” 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.15-40.18.17|AUTODETECT|” ). Timothy must not only bring their sin home to their conscience,��85�� but in their case he must do this not privately or in the presence of just a few 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.15-40.18.17|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 18:15 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.39.9|AUTODETECT|” ), but publicly, that is, in the presence of the entire consistory, so that the remaining elders may also become filled with godly fear of wrong-doing 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.39.9|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 39:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.19.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.19.13|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 19:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 21. Now in the matters discussed in verses 19 and 20, and, in fact, in any matter touching the discipline of church-leaders, one is easily influenced by purely subjective considerations. But this can spell ruin for the church and for all those concerned. Timothy, as apostolic delegate in the churches of Ephesus and vicinity, must not allow this to happen to him. Even today biased judges, ecclesiastical machines, so-called investigating-committees manned by job-hunters, buddy-ism, and the like can easily destroy a denomination. Corruption generally begins at the summit.

Church History furnishes many examples. The man in the pew does not know what happened while he slept. When he wakes up if he ever does! it is generally too late.) Hence, absolute impartiality and unimpeachable honesty in all such matters are essential. It is for that reason that the charge which the apostle now lays on Timothy is so very grave. Everything is at stake! The church of the twentieth century may well take to heart these solemn words: I charge (you) in the sight of God and of Christ Jesus and of the elect angels that you observe these instructions without prejudice, doing nothing from partiality.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.6|AUTODETECT|” That the verb used in the original cannot here mean I Solemnly testify 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.6|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 4:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.24.3|AUTODETECT|” ) but I charge, that is, I solemnly admonish, or I solemnly order or even adjure, is clear from the clause which it introduces: that you observe these instructions. Paul emphasizes that it is under the very eye and with the full approval of God that these directives (verses 19 and 20) have been issued. This is the very God who through Christ Jesus will one day judge all men. And these are the angels who will be associated with Christ in the final judgment. Hence, the apostle is, as it were, putting Timothy under oath to comply with the mandate which he has received 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.24.3|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 24:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.24.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.24.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ). One who breaks the oath will be judged. That, in giving this charge, Paul is actually thinking of the final judgment is clear from a comparison with the similar language of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.1|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.21|AUTODETECT|” . Note the particulars that are mentioned here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.21|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 :) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.18.25|AUTODETECT|” The Judge is God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.18.25|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 18:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.23|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 12:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The addressed must be deeply conscious of the fact that Paul in issuing and Timothy in dealing with this charge are acting in the sight of God, the Judge!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31-40.25.46|AUTODETECT|” Yet, God judges not directly but through Christ Jesus. It is upon the Mediator that the honor of judging was conferred as a reward for the atonement which he rendered 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31-40.25.46|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:31 46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.5.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.5.22|AUTODETECT|” John 5:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.5.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.5.23|AUTODETECT|” 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.5.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.5.27|AUTODETECT|” 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.31|AUTODETECT|” ; Acts 19:42; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.31|AUTODETECT|” 17:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.10|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.1|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.14-66.14.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.14-66.14.16|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 14:14 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.10|AUTODETECT|” Associated with Christ in this work of judging will be the angels, as is taught everywhere in Holy Writ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.10|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 7:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.27|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 13:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.41|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.41|AUTODETECT|” 41) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.42|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.42|AUTODETECT|” 42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.27|AUTODETECT|” 16:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.31-40.24.33|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.31-40.24.33|AUTODETECT|” 24:31 33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31|AUTODETECT|” 25:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.12.22|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 12:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.15|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 14:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.17-66.14.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.14.17-66.14.20|AUTODETECT|” 17 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). They will gather the redeemed and will drive the wicked before the judgment-seat.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.6|AUTODETECT|” These are God s elect angels, in distinction from the angels who did not keep their own position 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Jude 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ). In his sovereign, inscrutable decree, which transcends all human understanding, God from all eternity decided that to these angels (here called elect) would be given the grace of perseverance, so that they would remain standing. Being elect, they are of course also beloved. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.4|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .)��86��) 1 3 2 8 0 0 It is not strange that the apostle mentions also these angels. He wants Timothy to obey the all-important charge concerning the discipline of elders; that is, he wants him to resemble the angels in obedience. Besides, these angels are spectators of Timothy s actions and will accompany Christ at the final judgment when everything that was hidden will be revealed, and oath-breaking will be punished. According to Paul, and in harmony with all the rest of Scripture,) ) ANGELS ARE) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7|AUTODETECT|” A. ttendants of Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.21|AUTODETECT|” ), their exalted Head 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.22|AUTODETECT|” 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 )) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.16|AUTODETECT|” B. ringers of good tidings concerning our salvation, having seen the Lord not only in his birth but also in his resurrection and post-resurrection glory 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.16|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.14|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.14|AUTODETECT|” Luke 2:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.24.4|AUTODETECT|” 24:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.11|AUTODETECT|” Acts 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 )) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.13.1|AUTODETECT|” C. horisters of heaven 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.13.1|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 13:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.15.10|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.15.10|AUTODETECT|” Luke 15:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.11|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 5:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.5.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 )) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7-53.1.10|AUTODETECT|” D. efenders of God s children 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7-53.1.10|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:7 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.91.11|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.91.11|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 91:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.6.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.6.22|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 6:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.10.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.10.10|AUTODETECT|” 10:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.10.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.10.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.10.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.10.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.10|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 18:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.19|AUTODETECT|” Acts 5:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.7|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 12:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.3|AUTODETECT|” ), though the latter outrank them and will judge them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.3|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 6:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.1.14|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.1.14|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 1:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 )) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.10|AUTODETECT|” E. xamples in obedience 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.10|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 11:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.10|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.10|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 6:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 )) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.19|AUTODETECT|” F. riends of the redeemed, constantly watching them, deeply interested in their salvation, and rendering service to them in every way, also in executing the judgment of God upon the enemy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.19|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.9|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 4:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.41|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.41|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 13:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31|AUTODETECT|” 25:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.32|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.32|AUTODETECT|” 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.16.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.16.22|AUTODETECT|” Luke 16:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.12|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.1.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.1.14|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 1:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.1-66.20.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.1-66.20.3|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 20:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Accordingly, since Timothy s actions are scrutinized by God, by Christ Jesus (both divine, note the one article in the original) and by the angels (creatures, note repetition of the article), and this with a view to the final judgment, let him observe (stand guard over) the given instructions without prejudice, that is, uninfluenced by any sinful subjective considerations, guided only by the objective standard of the truth as revealed by God, and doing nothing from partiality (or favoritism), leaning neither toward this nor toward that side, neither toward the accuser nor toward the accused, until all the important facts in each concrete case have been fully established.) 22. Much trouble can be avoided if in the matter of ordaining men to office Timothy will exercise the necessary precaution. Hence, Paul continues: Do not lay hands (of ordination) upon anyone hastily, neither be a partaker in the sins of others: keep yourself pure.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.14|AUTODETECT|” The symbolical indication of the impartation of gifts which one will need in discharging the duties of his office has been mentioned before 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.14|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ), and will be mentioned again 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.6|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ). This work must not be done in a hurry. The qualifications of the men who are being considered must be fully examined before they can be nominated for office. This is in harmony with what the apostle has been saying in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.12|AUTODETECT|” . Ordination without preceding thorough investigation would render Timothy co-responsible for the wrongs which such elders might subsequently commit. This, in turn, would add to the difficulty of disciplining them. Timothy must strive to keep himself pure (in full conformity with God s moral law) with respect to this and all other matters. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.12|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.2|AUTODETECT|” 5:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .)) 1 1 2 8 0 0 23. The precept, Keep yourself pure was of a personal nature. This leads to another remark which is also personal: No longer drink water (only), but use a little wine for the sake of your stomach and your frequent ailments.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.3|AUTODETECT|” Timothy was a conscientious person. He did not want to be accused of being the kind of individual who lingers beside his wine 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.3|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Hence, he had formed the habit of drinking nothing but water. However, in the Orient the water is often far from safe. Those who have been there including, for example, those who were there while serving in the armed forces know this. If one insists on drinking nothing but unboiled water, attacks of dysentery may result. In fact, something worse might happen! Consequently, for the sake of helping Timothy to overcome his stomach-troubles and related ailments, which seem to have been coming to him thick and fast, Paul advises him to stop being purely a water-drinker. Timothy must use some wine, not much wine, but some wine. That will do him good physically.��87�� Paul is here speaking of wine as a medicine, not as a beverage, as Wuest correctly observes.) 1 11 2 8 0 0 24, 25. Returning now to the subject of necessary caution before ordaining men to office (see verse 22), Paul says:) The sins of some men are clearly evident, proceeding ahead of them to judgment, but the sins of others follow after (them).) Similarly, the noble deeds (are) clearly evident, and even those that are otherwise��88�� cannot remain hidden.) Of the many explanations the most reasonable would seem to be this one:) In verse 24 Paul is speaking about sins, namely, the sins of men who are unfit for office. In verse 25 he is speaking about noble deeds (or excellent works), namely, the noble deeds of men who are fit for office.) By implication he divides the first main group the sins of men unfit for office into two subdivisions:) a. the clearly evident sins of some men;) b. the not clearly evident sins of other men (this is implied rather than expressed).) Expressly he divides the second main group the noble deeds of men fit for office into two similar subdivisions:) a. the clearly evident noble deeds of some men;) b. the not clearly evident noble deeds of other men.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.7.14|AUTODETECT|” With respect, then, to the first group Paul says that the sins of some men are so clearly evident 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.7.14|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 7:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), so conspicuous or obvious, that in their case thorough examination in order to reach a decision or judgment (see N.T.C. on John, Vol. I, pp. 142, 143) is hardly even necessary. The sins precede the man! This does not merely mean that the man in question has a bad reputation (for that, after all, might be based on slander), but that he is bad: his evil-doing is out in the open. It is there, for all to see. The very idea of nominating such men for office is preposterous.) 1 14 2 8 0 0 In the case of other men the situation is different. Their sins follow them (literally follow after them, or follow them up). When their case is considered in order that a decision may be reached, they are found, after thorough examination, to be unfit for office. Before their case comes up, Timothy and perhaps several presbyters consider these men to be possible candidates for office. After thorough examination and the rendering of a judgment, things take on an altogether different aspect. The sins of these men have now been uncovered, so that, the judgment having been rendered, there is no longer any doubt about their unfitness for office.) The situation with respect to men who are spiritually fit for office is similar in this respect, namely, that also in their case Timothy, as a rule, need not be afraid that hidden qualities will remain hidden.

In general, the noble deeds (or excellent works) which adorn the lives of these men will be clearly evident. And even in such exceptional cases in which they are not at once evident, they cannot remain hidden. Proper questioning and investigation will bring them to the surface.) For the encouragement of Timothy, who, as has been shown (see p. 34), was rather timid, Paul is trying to establish this point: if he will but exercise due caution, and will not be hasty in ordaining men to office (see verse 22), he will have good elders in the churches of Ephesus and vicinity; the rule being that even in the case of such men whose unfitness or fitness for office is not immediately clear, careful examination will lead to valid conclusions. And, in any case, Timothy will then not become involved in the sins of other men.) Synthesis of Chapter 5) See the Outline at the beginning of this chapter, which may be paraphrased as follows:) As to those members who are in need of pastoral counseling or correction, you (Timothy) should deal with them as their age and sex requires: Admonish an old(er) man as you would a father, young(er) men as brothers, old(er) women as mothers, young(er) women as sisters in all purity.) As to widows and their distress, those who are really destitute should be honored and assisted in every way. They should receive both moral and physical support. The Object of their constant hope and prayer will by means of the church provide for them.) However, there are also widows who have children or grandchildren that can support them.

These should discharge that debt which they owe to those who brought them up. God is pleased with this. If they neglect their duty, they are worse than infidels. It is the widow who has no means of support who should be assisted by the church.) There are some widows, however, who are living luxuriously. These, though physically alive, are spiritually dead. It is not even necessary to add that such widows do not deserve to be honored by the church.

Constantly stress these regulations regarding the duty of the church and of children and grandchildren toward widows.) Now as to widows and their work, in order to qualify for such work as giving good counsel to younger women, preparing them for baptism, taking them to communion, giving guidance to orphans, etc. (this is a conjecture as to the nature of their work), such widows must not be less than sixty years of age, must have been faithful wives, wise mothers, good hosts, kind benefactresses; in fact, must have given proof of fitness for such a position.) For this type of work you must not engage young widows, for experience has shown that in many cases these become restless and break the work-pledge which they have made to the church, thereby incurring guilt. Also, they often place social affairs above kingdom-affairs, so that when they make the rounds of the various homes, ostensibly to help and to guide, they actually do nothing but gossip and meddle in other people s affairs. Thus they do more harm than good, and scandals will arise. Now these should be prevented by all means. Hence, instead of being engaged for such kingdom-work, let young widows fulfil their natural desire. When a good opportunity presents itself, let them marry again.

Let them have a family and manage it properly. This is honorable, and will remove suspicion and slander. It is necessary that I add this, for I know of certain widows who have turned aside from the honorable course in order to follow Satan.) Nevertheless, this does not mean that for young widows there is no opportunity to perform kingdom-work. There is work for everyone, also for every woman. For example, if there be any believing woman of means, who stands in some relation of responsibility toward widows in distress, let her assist them, so that the church may not be burdened but may be better able to help those widows who are not being supported by anyone.) As to elders and prospective elders, note the following:) An elder should be honored for the sake of his office; and he should receive double honor if he does his work well. This holds with special emphasis with respect to ministers, men who labor in preaching and teaching.

Respect them highly and provide generously for them, for the Scripture says:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.25.4|AUTODETECT|” A threshing ox you shall not muzzle 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.25.4|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 25:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 )) 1 1 2 8 0 0 and) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.7|AUTODETECT|” Worthy of his pay is the worker 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.7|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 9 2 8 0 0 As to an accusation against an elder, it should not even be entertained unless it is supported by two or three witnesses. But if the wrong has been definitely established, the man who committed it must be reproved in the presence of the entire consistory, so that the remaining elders may become filled with godly fear of wrong-doing. Now in connection with all such matters I charge you in the sight of God and of Christ Jesus and of the elect angels that you observe these instructions without prejudice. You must never allow yourself to be influenced by subjective considerations. Do not be in a hurry to ordain a man. Then you will not be co-responsible for the wrongs which he may afterward commit.

Keep yourself pure. (Incidentally, take care of your body also. No longer drink water only, but use a little wine for the sake of your stomach and your frequent ailments.)) In connection with men who are being considered for office, you need not be unduly concerned if you exercise due caution. In the case of men who are unfit, their sins, which render them unfit, are often evident even before an investigation into their character is begun; and if they are not evident before, they will become evident upon investigation. And in the case of men who are fit, their noble deeds, which show that they are qualified, are generally clearly evident even prior to investigation; and if not before, then afterward.) ) ) ) ) 79 See for example, C. Chiniquy, Fifty Years In The Church Of Rome, pp. 580 602; also his work The Priest, The Woman, and The Confessional.) N.T.C. W.

Hendriksen, New Testament Commentary) 80 The idea that the expression Let these first learn refers to the widows and not to the children an idea favored even by Calvin must be considered erroneous. Note the order of the words in the sentence, the use of the plural verb (the singular is weakly attested), the natural and entirely scriptural idea that children shall honor their parents, that in doing this they are making a return, etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.9|AUTODETECT|” 81 Night and day is the order also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.9|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.10|AUTODETECT|” 3:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.8|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 3:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.3|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.14.17|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.14.17|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 14:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; contrast 16:13.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 I.S.B.E. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) M.M. The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament Illustrated from the Papyri and Other Non-Literary Sources, by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan (edition Grand Rapids, 1952)) N.N. Novum Testamentum Graece, edited by D. Eberhard Nestle and D. Erwin Nestle (most recent edition)) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.6|AUTODETECT|” 82 In the New Testament the word ���� never means wages or pay or salary. Rather, it has the meaning price 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.6|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 27:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.27.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.2|AUTODETECT|” Acts 5:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.3|AUTODETECT|” 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.16|AUTODETECT|” 7:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.20|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 6:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.23|AUTODETECT|” 7:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.34|AUTODETECT|” ; pl. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.34|AUTODETECT|” Acts 4:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.19|AUTODETECT|” 19:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.10|AUTODETECT|” ), and esteem, honor 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.10|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 12:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.7|AUTODETECT|” 13:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.23|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 12:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , etc.). This corresponds with the connotation of the word in the papyri (M.M., p. 635). In classical Greek the word has a variety of meanings: worth, value, price; compensation, satisfaction, recompense; penalty; worship, dignity; lordship, office; reward, present, offering; esteem, honor.) 1 5 2 8 0 0 83 See W.D.B., pp. 604, 605, the picture and the article. Excellent pictures of the threshing dredge or drag and of threshing with oxen are found in I.S.B.E., art. Agriculture ; see also art. Threshing-floor. Also Thomson, The Land and The Book, Vol. II, p. 314; M.S. and J.

L. Miller, Encyclopaedia of Bible Life, the article on p. 19, and the fine illustration opposite p. 15 and p. 22.) 84 On the subject of probable dates when the New Testament books were written, and on the Synoptic Problem see my Bible Survey, p. 325, 383 394.) 85 For detailed discussion of the verb here used see N.T.C. on John, Vol. II, pp. 324 326.) 86 From the analogy of the election of the angels it has been argued that also in the case of men election must be conceived of as supralapsarian, so that, in listing under each other the elements which pertain to the decree, God s decision to reveal his mercy in the salvation of some men, and his justice in the perdition of others, would have to be placed above (supra) his decision to permit the fall (lapsus). However, the legitimacy of this reasoning from analogy is not granted by all. Most theologians would probably agree that, as far as predestination has to do with men, both supralapsarianism and infralapsarianism are one-sided. For this entire subject see L.

Berkhof, Systematic Theology, pp. 118 125 (note the literature on p. 125); also my translation of H. Bavinck, The Doctrine of God, pp. 382 394.) 87 ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.3|AUTODETECT|” Note that with respect to the use of wine Paul avoids extremes. On the one hand he warns against the man who lingers beside his wine or is given to much wine 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.3|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). On the other hand, he believes that in Timothy s case the use of some wine for the purpose of promoting health, and that caution in the use of water (probably because of the danger of pollution) is advisable.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Many have given their views on the subject of the sinister effects of social wine-drinking and drinking of other alcoholic beverages. Very recently there appeared an article, Negative or Positive in The Foundation Issue of July, 1955, published by The Michigan Temperance Foundation, with headquarters in Lansing, Mich.; also another article, Hereditary Consequences of Alcoholism, in Christian Economics of September 6, 1955. Similar literature is being distributed regularly, no doubt with many wholesome effects.) On the other side, the value of wine as food and medicine is discussed by Dr. Salvatore in his recently published book Wine As Food And Medicine, Blakiston Co. This was summarized and reviewed in the magazine Newsweek, the issue of July 19, 1954.) In the present day and age a vigorous campaign against every form of intemperance is certainly in order. Paul s word must be interpreted in the light of conditions prevailing in the Orient and in the light of Timothy s physical condition.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.24|AUTODETECT|” 88 �� plus adverb means here to be in a certain condition. For this idiom see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.24|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.23|AUTODETECT|” Mark 5:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.16.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.16.18|AUTODETECT|” 16:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.52|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.52|AUTODETECT|” John 4:52) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.1|AUTODETECT|” Acts 7:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.36|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.36|AUTODETECT|” 15:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.13|AUTODETECT|” 21:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.25|AUTODETECT|” 24:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.14|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.14|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 12:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .)