1 Timothy 3:8
Verse
Context
Qualifications for Deacons
7Furthermore, he must have a good reputation with outsiders, so that he will not fall into disgrace and into the snare of the devil.8Deacons likewise must be dignified, not double-tongued or given to much wine or greedy for money.9They must hold to the mystery of the faith with a clear conscience.
Sermons
William MacDonald
Brian Brodersen
Shane Idleman
W.H. Griffith Thomas
Billy Sunday
Ignatius of AntiochSummary
Commentary
- Adam Clarke
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
- John Gill
- Matthew Henry
- Tyndale
Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
Likewise must the deacons - The term deacon, διακονος, simply signifies a regular or stated servant: from δια, through or emphatic, and κονεω, to minister or serve. See it explained in the note on Mat 20:26. As nearly the same qualifications were required in the deacons as in the bishops, the reader may consult what is said on the preceding verses. Grave - Of a sedate and dignified carriage and conduct. Not double-tongued - Speaking one thing to one person, and another thing to another, on the same subject. This is hypocrisy and deceit. This word might also be translated liars. Not given to much wine - Neither a drunkard, tippler, nor what is called a jovial companion. All this would be inconsistent with gravity. Not greedy of filthy lucre - See on Ti1 3:3 (note).
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
The deacons were chosen by the voice of the people. CYPRIAN [Epistle, 2.5] says that good bishops never departed from the old custom of consulting the people. The deacons answer to the chazzan of the synagogue: the attendant ministers, or subordinate coadjutors of the presbyter (as Timothy himself was to Paul, Ti1 4:6; Plm 1:13; and John Mark, Act 13:5). Their duty was to read the Scriptures in the Church, to instruct the catechumens in Christian truths, to assist the presbyters at the sacraments, to receive oblations, and to preach and instruct. As the "chazzan" covered and uncovered the ark in the synagogue, containing the law, so the deacon in the ancient Church put the covering on the communion table. (See CHRYSOSTOM [19], Homily on Acts; THEOPHYLACT on Luke 19; and BALSAMAN on Canon 22, Council of Laodicea). The appointing of "the seven" in Act 6:1-7 is perhaps not meant to describe the first appointment of the deacons of the Church. At least the chazzan previously suggested the similar order of deacons. double-tongued--literally, "of double speech"; saying one thing to this person, and another to that person [THEODORET]. The extensive personal intercourse that deacons would have with the members of the Church might prove a temptation to such a fault. Others explain it, "Saying one thing, thinking another" (Pro 20:19; Gal 2:13). I prefer the former. not greedy of filthy lucre--All gain is filthy (literally, "base") which is set before a man as a by-end in his work for God [ALFORD] (Pe1 5:2). The deacon's office of collecting and distributing alms would render this a necessary qualification.
John Gill Bible Commentary
Likewise must the deacons be grave,.... The apostle proceeds to give the qualifications, and so the rules for choosing another sort of officers in the church, deacons; whose work and business is, not to preach the Gospel, and administer ordinances; but to take care of the secular affairs of the church, and particularly to serve tables; to provide the bread and wine for the Lord's table, to attend at it, and distribute the elements from the minister to the people, to collect for it, defray the charges of it, and divide what remains among the poor; and they are to take care of the minister's table, that he is provided for in a comfortable way, and to stir up the members to their duty in this respect; and to take care of the poor's table, and distribute what the church collects for them, with simplicity and cheerfulness; and are to be helps to the pastor, in observing the walk of members, in composing differences between them, in visiting the sick and poor, and in preparing matters for church meetings. Their characters are, that they be "grave"; in their speech, gesture, and dress; honest, and of good report among men; and chaste in their words and actions; all which may be signified by the word here used; and the latter may be rather hinted at, because of Nicholas, one of the first deacons, who was charged with uncleanness: not doubletongued; whose hearts and tongues do not agree together; and who, being a sort of middle persons between the pastor and the members of the church, say one thing to one, and another to the other; which to do is of bad consequence: or who speak well to the poor when they apply to them, and promise them to do them all the service they can, and when it comes to the upshot speak against them: not given to much wine; which impairs the health, stupefies the mind, and so renders unfit for any such office, as well as wastes the temporal estate; and may lead them to embezzle and consume the church's stock: not greedy of filthy lucre; for such would withhold from the poor that which is meet for them, and make use of money in their hands, to their own advantage.
Matthew Henry Bible Commentary
We have here the character of deacons: these had the care of the temporal concerns of the church, that is, the maintenance of the ministers and provision for the poor: they served tables, while the ministers or bishops gave themselves only to the ministry of the word and prayer, Act 6:2, Act 6:4. Of the institution of this office, with that which gave occasion to it, you have an account in Act 6:1-7. Now it was requisite that deacons should have a good character, because they were assistants to the ministers, appeared and acted publicly, and had a great trust reposed in them. They must be grave. Gravity becomes all Christians, but especially those who are in the office in the church. Not doubled-tongued; that will say one thing to one and another thing to another, according as their interests leads them: a double tongue comes from a double heart; flatterers and slanderers are double-tongued. Not given to much wine; for this is a great disparagement to any man, especially to a Christian, and one in office, unfits men for business, opens the door to many temptations. Not greedy of filthy lucre; this would especially be bad in the deacons, who were entrusted with the church's money, and, if they were covetous and greedy of filthy lucre, would be tempted to embezzle it, and convert that to their own use which was intended for the public service. Holding the mystery of faith in a pure conscience, Ti1 3:9. Note, The mystery of faith is best held in a pure conscience. The practical love of truth is the most powerful preservative from error and delusion. If we keep a pure conscience (take heed of every thing that debauches conscience, and draws us away from God), this will preserve in our souls the mystery of faith. Let these also first be proved, Ti1 3:10. It is not fit that the public trusts should be lodged in the hands of any, till they have been first proved, and found fit for the business they are to be entrusted with; the soundness of their judgments, their zeal for Christ, and the blamelessness of their conversation, must be proved. Their wives likewise must have a good character (Ti1 3:11); they must be of a grave behaviour, not slanderers, tale-bearers, carrying stories to make mischief and sow discord; they must be sober and faithful in all things, not given to any excess, but trusty in all that is committed to them. All who are related to ministers must double their care to walk as becomes the gospel of Christ, lest, if they in any thing walk disorderly, the ministry be blamed. As he said before of the bishops or ministers, so here of the deacons, they must be the husband of one wife, such as had not put away their wives, upon dislike, and married others; they must rule their children and their own houses well; the families of deacons should be examples to other families. And the reason why the deacons must be thus qualified is (Ti1 3:13) because, though the office of a deacon be of an inferior degree, yet it is a step towards the higher degree; and those who had served tables well the church might see cause afterwards to discharge from that service, and prefer to serve in preaching the word and in prayer. Or it may be meant of the good reputation that a man would gain by his fidelity in this office: they will purchase to themselves great boldness in the faith that is in Christ Jesus. Observe, 1. In the primitive church there were but two orders of ministers or officers, bishops and deacons, Phi 1:1. After-ages have invented the rest. The office of the bishop, presbyter, pastor, or minister, was confined to prayer and to the ministry of the word; and the office of the deacon was confined to, or at least principally conversant about, serving tables. Clemens Romanus, in his epistle to the Christian (cap. 42, 44), speaks very fully and plainly to this effect, that the apostles, foreknowing, by our Lord Jesus Christ, that there would arise in the Christian church a controversy about the name episcopacy, appointed the forementioned orders, bishops and deacons. 2. The scripture-deacon's main employment was to serve tables, and not to preach or baptize. It is true, indeed, that Philip did preach and baptize in Samaria (Acts 8), but you read that he was an evangelist (Act 21:8), and he might preach and baptize, and perform any other part of the ministerial office, under that character; but still the design of the deacon's office was to mind the temporal concerns of the church, such as the salaries of the ministers and providing for the poor. 3. Several qualifications were very necessary, even for these inferior officers: The deacons must be grave, etc. 4. Some trial should be made of persons' qualifications before they are admitted into office in the church, or have any trust committed to them: Let these also first be proved. 5. Integrity and uprightness in an inferior office are the way to be preferred to a higher station in the church: They purchase to themselves a good degree. 6. This will also give a man great boldness in the faith, whereas a want of integrity and uprightness will make a man timorous, and ready to tremble at his own shadow. The wicked fleeth when no man pursueth, but the righteous are bold as a lion, Pro 28:1.
Tyndale Open Study Notes
3:8-13 The Greek word translated deacon (“servant, assistant, courier, agent”) and its cognates (“service, to serve”) are commonly used for service of any kind (e.g., 4:6; Matt 22:13; John 2:5; 12:26; Rom 13:4; 1 Cor 3:5). As designating an office in the church, it occurs only in 1 Tim 3:8-13; Phil 1:1; and (maybe) Rom 16:1. This passage concentrates on character rather than activities. See also study note on Acts 6:2-6. 3:8 must not be . . . dishonest with money (3:3): Greed is disreputable and improper (6:6-10, 17-19; Eph 5:3; Col 3:5), especially for those who lead in the church (1 Tim 3:9; see Titus 1:7).
1 Timothy 3:8
Qualifications for Deacons
7Furthermore, he must have a good reputation with outsiders, so that he will not fall into disgrace and into the snare of the devil.8Deacons likewise must be dignified, not double-tongued or given to much wine or greedy for money.9They must hold to the mystery of the faith with a clear conscience.
- Scripture
- Sermons
- Commentary
(Titus - Part 7): Qualifications for Church Leadership I
By A.W. Tozer4.2K38:05TitusMAT 6:331TI 3:21TI 3:81TI 3:12TIT 1:5TIT 1:7In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of the church being a separate and distinct entity from the world. He urges the church to not conform to the moral standards of the society they live in, but rather to be a shining example of meekness, gentleness, kindness, and generosity. The preacher shares a personal story of a backslidden Christian who missed an opportunity to share the gospel with a man seeking salvation because he was ashamed of his own ungodly appearance. The sermon also highlights the importance of church leaders maintaining a righteous and orderly household, as their behavior and the behavior of their children reflect on their leadership abilities.
Studies in 1 Timothy-05 1 Timothy-5
By William MacDonald1.2K38:37DEU 25:4LUK 10:71TI 5:23The sermon transcript discusses various instructions given by Paul to Timothy on how to behave towards different classes in the Christian family. It begins by addressing the old and young, male and female, emphasizing the importance of showing honor and respect. The transcript then moves on to discussing the care and support of widows, highlighting the responsibility of the church in providing for them. It also touches on the role of elders in the church, emphasizing the need for financial care, caution in appointing men, and the importance of having multiple witnesses in cases of accusation. Overall, the transcript emphasizes the practical advice given by Paul to Timothy for the care of believers in the Christian assembly.
(1 Timothy) the Deacons
By Brian Brodersen94352:561TI 3:8In this sermon, the speaker discusses the growth and impact of Calvary Chapel affiliated churches. He emphasizes that these churches were not established through a grand plan, but rather through ordinary people who were stirred up by God's call. The speaker encourages the audience to consider their own role in God's plan and to be open to new directions in life. He shares his own personal experience of feeling called to serve the Lord and highlights that God uses ordinary individuals to accomplish His work throughout history. The speaker also expresses a vision for Calvary Chapel to be established in every city in the world, believing that God's call and the spreading of the gospel can create a chain reaction of transformed lives.
Elders and Deacons, a Woman's Role?
By Shane Idleman55809:171TI 3:8
This sermon delves into the office of deacon, exploring the qualifications and responsibilities outlined in 1 Timothy 3:8-13. It emphasizes the importance of deacons being reverent, not double-tongued, temperate, and faithful, with their wives also meeting specific criteria. The sermon touches on the controversial topic of the role of women in the church, discussing the biblical perspectives on leadership, submission, and servant leadership. It addresses the challenges and responsibilities of men leading their families and the distinction between equality and complementarity in God's design.
The Scriptures of the Ordinal
By W.H. Griffith Thomas0LUK 12:35ACT 6:31TI 3:8W.H. Griffith Thomas preaches on the qualifications and characteristics of a Deacon as outlined in Acts 6:3 and 1 Timothy 3:8-13, emphasizing the importance of personal integrity, wisdom, and being filled with the Holy Spirit. The sermon highlights the need for Deacons to have a good reputation, practical wisdom, temperance, liberality, sincerity, and to be tested for their faithfulness and genuineness. The Deacon is called to be ready for service, maintain a genuine character, eagerly await the Lord's return, be alert in activity, and endure faithfully, with the promise of blessedness and honor from Christ upon His return.
Booze
By Billy Sunday0TemperanceAlcoholismPRO 20:1PRO 23:29ISA 5:11ROM 14:211CO 6:101CO 10:31GAL 5:19EPH 5:181TI 3:81PE 5:8Billy Sunday passionately addresses the destructive nature of alcohol and the liquor industry, likening it to a devilish force that harms individuals, families, and society. He emphasizes that the saloon is a cowardly institution that preys on the vulnerable, leading to crime, poverty, and despair. Sunday argues that the liquor business is not only a moral issue but also an economic burden, costing society far more than it contributes. He calls for a collective stand against the saloon, urging men to protect their families and communities from its corrupting influence. Ultimately, he challenges the audience to choose sobriety and decency over the allure of alcohol, advocating for a temperance movement that prioritizes human dignity and well-being.
Be Subject to the Bishop
By Ignatius of Antioch0ROM 6:3EPH 5:221TI 3:81PE 5:5Ignatius of Antioch emphasizes the importance of being subject to the bishop and living according to Jesus Christ, who died for believers to be partakers of His resurrection through baptism. He urges the congregation to do everything under the guidance of the bishop and to submit to the presbytery as representatives of Jesus Christ. Ignatius also highlights the role of deacons as ministers of the mysteries of Christ, emphasizing their responsibility to serve the Church of God and avoid any accusations against them.
The Church
By Marvin Cowan0MAT 7:15MAT 16:18ACT 2:47ACT 11:26ACT 20:29EPH 2:201TI 3:11TI 3:8TIT 1:5HEB 1:1Marvin Cowan preaches about the differences between Mormonism and the New Testament Church, emphasizing the LDS belief in a universal apostasy from the Christian doctrine and the need for a restoration of the Gospel. He challenges the LDS claim of being the one true church and questions the validity of their prophets and apostles. The sermon delves into the discrepancies between the LDS Church's structure and the offices in the New Testament Church, highlighting the importance of aligning with the biblical teachings and qualifications for church leadership.
Holiness Through All Ages of the Church
By J.B. Galloway0ISA 57:15ACT 2:4ACT 19:2ROM 8:142CO 7:1EPH 4:241TH 5:231TI 3:8HEB 6:21PE 1:16J.B. Galloway preaches on the significance of holiness as one of the highest attributes of God, emphasizing that man was created in His moral likeness and can be restored to holiness through the merits of our Savior. The sermon delves into the historical and biblical context of holiness, from God's sanctification of the Sabbath to the anointing of individuals like Moses, kings, prophets, and the apostles with the Holy Spirit. It highlights the importance of seeking the filling of the Holy Spirit, as seen in the Early Church and various movements throughout history, culminating in the establishment of holiness churches like the Church of the Nazarene.
The First Church Manuals and Liturgies
By J.B. Galloway0PRO 4:14ACT 6:31CO 6:11GAL 5:221TH 5:231TI 3:81TI 4:141TI 4:161PE 1:151PE 4:10J.B. Galloway preaches on 'The Didache,' the oldest church manual in existence, believed to be from the first century. It contains instructions on church rites, baptism, fasting, and the Lord's Prayer. The document emphasizes holiness, urging believers to flee from evil and embrace meekness, long-suffering, and goodness. The 'Didache' highlights the sanctified ones as the true Church of God, praying for deliverance from evil and perfection in love. Additionally, Apostolic Constitutions and Canons provide insights on ecclesiastical ordinances, emphasizing spiritual worthiness and the importance of the Holy Spirit in church officers.
The Duties of Deacons
By St. Polycarp of Smyrna01CO 6:9GAL 6:71TI 3:82TI 2:121PE 5:5St. Polycarp of Smyrna emphasizes the importance of living a life worthy of God's commandments and glory, calling deacons to be blameless servants of God and Christ, free from slander, greed, and deceit, but instead showing compassion and diligence. He reminds believers that by pleasing God in this world, they will receive the promise of the future world and reign with Him if they live worthily. Polycarp also instructs young men to maintain purity and avoid all forms of evil, as those who indulge in lustful desires will not inherit the kingdom of God.
The Questions of the Ordinal
By W.H. Griffith Thomas01TI 3:8W.H. Griffith Thomas preaches about the importance of a Divine call to the ministry, emphasizing the necessity of being inwardly moved by the Holy Ghost. He highlights the proofs of a Divine call, including an intense desire, converging circumstances, indications of qualifications, approval of wise friends, and a measure of blessing on one's work. The sermon also stresses the assurance that comes from being inwardly moved by the Holy Ghost, balancing confidence with humility in responding to God's call.
- Adam Clarke
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
- John Gill
- Matthew Henry
- Tyndale
Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
Likewise must the deacons - The term deacon, διακονος, simply signifies a regular or stated servant: from δια, through or emphatic, and κονεω, to minister or serve. See it explained in the note on Mat 20:26. As nearly the same qualifications were required in the deacons as in the bishops, the reader may consult what is said on the preceding verses. Grave - Of a sedate and dignified carriage and conduct. Not double-tongued - Speaking one thing to one person, and another thing to another, on the same subject. This is hypocrisy and deceit. This word might also be translated liars. Not given to much wine - Neither a drunkard, tippler, nor what is called a jovial companion. All this would be inconsistent with gravity. Not greedy of filthy lucre - See on Ti1 3:3 (note).
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
The deacons were chosen by the voice of the people. CYPRIAN [Epistle, 2.5] says that good bishops never departed from the old custom of consulting the people. The deacons answer to the chazzan of the synagogue: the attendant ministers, or subordinate coadjutors of the presbyter (as Timothy himself was to Paul, Ti1 4:6; Plm 1:13; and John Mark, Act 13:5). Their duty was to read the Scriptures in the Church, to instruct the catechumens in Christian truths, to assist the presbyters at the sacraments, to receive oblations, and to preach and instruct. As the "chazzan" covered and uncovered the ark in the synagogue, containing the law, so the deacon in the ancient Church put the covering on the communion table. (See CHRYSOSTOM [19], Homily on Acts; THEOPHYLACT on Luke 19; and BALSAMAN on Canon 22, Council of Laodicea). The appointing of "the seven" in Act 6:1-7 is perhaps not meant to describe the first appointment of the deacons of the Church. At least the chazzan previously suggested the similar order of deacons. double-tongued--literally, "of double speech"; saying one thing to this person, and another to that person [THEODORET]. The extensive personal intercourse that deacons would have with the members of the Church might prove a temptation to such a fault. Others explain it, "Saying one thing, thinking another" (Pro 20:19; Gal 2:13). I prefer the former. not greedy of filthy lucre--All gain is filthy (literally, "base") which is set before a man as a by-end in his work for God [ALFORD] (Pe1 5:2). The deacon's office of collecting and distributing alms would render this a necessary qualification.
John Gill Bible Commentary
Likewise must the deacons be grave,.... The apostle proceeds to give the qualifications, and so the rules for choosing another sort of officers in the church, deacons; whose work and business is, not to preach the Gospel, and administer ordinances; but to take care of the secular affairs of the church, and particularly to serve tables; to provide the bread and wine for the Lord's table, to attend at it, and distribute the elements from the minister to the people, to collect for it, defray the charges of it, and divide what remains among the poor; and they are to take care of the minister's table, that he is provided for in a comfortable way, and to stir up the members to their duty in this respect; and to take care of the poor's table, and distribute what the church collects for them, with simplicity and cheerfulness; and are to be helps to the pastor, in observing the walk of members, in composing differences between them, in visiting the sick and poor, and in preparing matters for church meetings. Their characters are, that they be "grave"; in their speech, gesture, and dress; honest, and of good report among men; and chaste in their words and actions; all which may be signified by the word here used; and the latter may be rather hinted at, because of Nicholas, one of the first deacons, who was charged with uncleanness: not doubletongued; whose hearts and tongues do not agree together; and who, being a sort of middle persons between the pastor and the members of the church, say one thing to one, and another to the other; which to do is of bad consequence: or who speak well to the poor when they apply to them, and promise them to do them all the service they can, and when it comes to the upshot speak against them: not given to much wine; which impairs the health, stupefies the mind, and so renders unfit for any such office, as well as wastes the temporal estate; and may lead them to embezzle and consume the church's stock: not greedy of filthy lucre; for such would withhold from the poor that which is meet for them, and make use of money in their hands, to their own advantage.
Matthew Henry Bible Commentary
We have here the character of deacons: these had the care of the temporal concerns of the church, that is, the maintenance of the ministers and provision for the poor: they served tables, while the ministers or bishops gave themselves only to the ministry of the word and prayer, Act 6:2, Act 6:4. Of the institution of this office, with that which gave occasion to it, you have an account in Act 6:1-7. Now it was requisite that deacons should have a good character, because they were assistants to the ministers, appeared and acted publicly, and had a great trust reposed in them. They must be grave. Gravity becomes all Christians, but especially those who are in the office in the church. Not doubled-tongued; that will say one thing to one and another thing to another, according as their interests leads them: a double tongue comes from a double heart; flatterers and slanderers are double-tongued. Not given to much wine; for this is a great disparagement to any man, especially to a Christian, and one in office, unfits men for business, opens the door to many temptations. Not greedy of filthy lucre; this would especially be bad in the deacons, who were entrusted with the church's money, and, if they were covetous and greedy of filthy lucre, would be tempted to embezzle it, and convert that to their own use which was intended for the public service. Holding the mystery of faith in a pure conscience, Ti1 3:9. Note, The mystery of faith is best held in a pure conscience. The practical love of truth is the most powerful preservative from error and delusion. If we keep a pure conscience (take heed of every thing that debauches conscience, and draws us away from God), this will preserve in our souls the mystery of faith. Let these also first be proved, Ti1 3:10. It is not fit that the public trusts should be lodged in the hands of any, till they have been first proved, and found fit for the business they are to be entrusted with; the soundness of their judgments, their zeal for Christ, and the blamelessness of their conversation, must be proved. Their wives likewise must have a good character (Ti1 3:11); they must be of a grave behaviour, not slanderers, tale-bearers, carrying stories to make mischief and sow discord; they must be sober and faithful in all things, not given to any excess, but trusty in all that is committed to them. All who are related to ministers must double their care to walk as becomes the gospel of Christ, lest, if they in any thing walk disorderly, the ministry be blamed. As he said before of the bishops or ministers, so here of the deacons, they must be the husband of one wife, such as had not put away their wives, upon dislike, and married others; they must rule their children and their own houses well; the families of deacons should be examples to other families. And the reason why the deacons must be thus qualified is (Ti1 3:13) because, though the office of a deacon be of an inferior degree, yet it is a step towards the higher degree; and those who had served tables well the church might see cause afterwards to discharge from that service, and prefer to serve in preaching the word and in prayer. Or it may be meant of the good reputation that a man would gain by his fidelity in this office: they will purchase to themselves great boldness in the faith that is in Christ Jesus. Observe, 1. In the primitive church there were but two orders of ministers or officers, bishops and deacons, Phi 1:1. After-ages have invented the rest. The office of the bishop, presbyter, pastor, or minister, was confined to prayer and to the ministry of the word; and the office of the deacon was confined to, or at least principally conversant about, serving tables. Clemens Romanus, in his epistle to the Christian (cap. 42, 44), speaks very fully and plainly to this effect, that the apostles, foreknowing, by our Lord Jesus Christ, that there would arise in the Christian church a controversy about the name episcopacy, appointed the forementioned orders, bishops and deacons. 2. The scripture-deacon's main employment was to serve tables, and not to preach or baptize. It is true, indeed, that Philip did preach and baptize in Samaria (Acts 8), but you read that he was an evangelist (Act 21:8), and he might preach and baptize, and perform any other part of the ministerial office, under that character; but still the design of the deacon's office was to mind the temporal concerns of the church, such as the salaries of the ministers and providing for the poor. 3. Several qualifications were very necessary, even for these inferior officers: The deacons must be grave, etc. 4. Some trial should be made of persons' qualifications before they are admitted into office in the church, or have any trust committed to them: Let these also first be proved. 5. Integrity and uprightness in an inferior office are the way to be preferred to a higher station in the church: They purchase to themselves a good degree. 6. This will also give a man great boldness in the faith, whereas a want of integrity and uprightness will make a man timorous, and ready to tremble at his own shadow. The wicked fleeth when no man pursueth, but the righteous are bold as a lion, Pro 28:1.
Tyndale Open Study Notes
3:8-13 The Greek word translated deacon (“servant, assistant, courier, agent”) and its cognates (“service, to serve”) are commonly used for service of any kind (e.g., 4:6; Matt 22:13; John 2:5; 12:26; Rom 13:4; 1 Cor 3:5). As designating an office in the church, it occurs only in 1 Tim 3:8-13; Phil 1:1; and (maybe) Rom 16:1. This passage concentrates on character rather than activities. See also study note on Acts 6:2-6. 3:8 must not be . . . dishonest with money (3:3): Greed is disreputable and improper (6:6-10, 17-19; Eph 5:3; Col 3:5), especially for those who lead in the church (1 Tim 3:9; see Titus 1:7).