Psalms 92:12 — Word Study
WLCצַ֭דִּיק כַּתָּמָ֣ר יִפְרָ֑ח כְּאֶ֖רֶז בַּלְּבָנ֣וֹן יִשְׂגֶּֽה׃
BSAto looknâbaṭ eyeʻayin enemyshûwr△ -kamaiqûwm uponʻal be evilrâʻaʻ to hearshâmaʻ earʼôzen
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| צַ֭דִּיק | [the] righteous | |
| כַּתָּמָ֣ר | like palm tree | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| יִפְרָ֑ח | he will flourish | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| כְּאֶ֖רֶז | like a cedar | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| בַּלְּבָנ֣וֹן | in Lebanon | Preposition, noun proper |
| יִשְׂגֶּֽה׃ | he will grow | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The righteous will flourish like a palm tree, and grow like a cedar in Lebanon. |
| KJV | The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree: he shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon. |
| ASV | The righteous shall flourish like the palm-tree: He shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon. |
| YLT | The righteous as a palm-tree flourisheth, As a cedar in Lebanon he groweth. |
| WEB | The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree. He will grow like a cedar in Lebanon. |
| BBE | The good man will be like a tall tree in his strength; his growth will be as the wide-stretching trees of Lebanon. |
Translations agree on the imagery of flourishing and growing, with no significant differences noted.
The sentence has a main clause with two comparisons, emphasizing the flourishing of the righteous.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectוְ
verbהוּא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 92:12
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Flourishing of the Righteousgenerated
Psalm 92:12 describes the flourishing of the righteous, comparing them to strong, enduring trees. This imagery highlights the stability and prosperity that come from a life aligned with God's will. The surrounding verses emphasize the contrast between the fate of the wicked and the blessings bestowed upon the righteous, reinforcing the theme of divine justice and care for those who live uprightly.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 92:7 | that though the wicked sprout like grass, and all evildoers flourish, they will be forever destroyed. |
| 2 | Psalm 52:8 | But I am like an olive tree flourishing in the house of God; I trust in the loving devotion of God forever and ever. |
| 3 | Isaiah 55:13 | Instead of the thornbush, a cypress will grow, and instead of the brier, a myrtle will spring up; they will make a name for the LORD, an everlasting sign, never to be destroyed.” |
| 4 | Isaiah 65:22 | No longer will they build houses for others to inhabit, nor plant for others to eat. For as is the lifetime of a tree, so will be the days of My people, and My chosen ones will fully enjoy the work of their hands. |
| 5 | Hosea 14:5–6 | I will be like the dew to Israel; he will blossom like the lily and take root like the cedars of Lebanon. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — צַ֭דִּיק, Tza.dikgenerated
The word צַדִּיק (tsaddiyq) means righteous, referring to individuals who are just and morally upright. It is often used in the context of someone who is in right standing with God, reflecting a character that embodies ethical behavior.
This term appears frequently in the Hebrew Bible, emphasizing the importance of righteousness in both personal conduct and societal governance. It is foundational to biblical teachings on morality, as seen in the lives of figures like King David.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause centers around two finite verbs: יִפְרָ֑ח (he will flourish) and יִשְׂגֶּֽה (he will grow), which describe the actions of the righteous. These verbs are supported by prepositional phrases that specify the comparisons being made.
The structure emphasizes the flourishing and growth of the righteous, with the similes כַּתָּמָ֣ר (like a palm tree) and כְּאֶ֖רֶז (like a cedar) highlighting their strength and resilience.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates צַדִּיק as δίκαιος (dikaios), which also means righteous, maintaining the moral implications of the term. This choice reflects the continuity of the concept of righteousness across the Hebrew and Greek texts.
The Greek term for כַּתָּמָ֣ר is φοίνιξ (phoenix), specifically referring to a palm tree, which aligns with the original imagery of flourishing and vitality.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 92:12 tells us that the righteous will thrive like a palm tree and grow strong like a cedar in Lebanon. This verse emphasizes the strength and stability of those who live according to God's ways, contrasting their fate with that of the wicked.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This imagery suggests that the righteous will experience growth, vitality, and strength, much like a palm tree that stands tall and resilient.
The cedar is known for its durability and majesty, symbolizing the strength and stability that the righteous will possess.
The surrounding verses imply that the wicked will not experience the same growth and prosperity, highlighting a contrast between their fate and that of the righteous.
One can strive to live righteously, trusting that such a life will lead to flourishing and strength, as promised in this psalm.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I seen God's blessings in my life as a result of living righteously?
- How can I cultivate a life that reflects the strength and stability of the palm tree and cedar?
- What are some challenges I face in living righteously, and how can I overcome them?
- How does understanding the fate of the wicked motivate me to pursue righteousness?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church fathers reference this verse to discuss the flourishing of the righteous, emphasizing the importance of being rooted in God's house.
Accordingly, it is not proper to adore God outside of this holy court, but only within it, lest anyone who is outside of it and is attracted by those outside of it might lose the right to be in the court of the Lord.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 92 →
"Such as are planted in the house of the Lord, shall flourish in the courts of the house of our God" [Psalms 92:12].Early Church Fathers on Psalms 92 →
The grass withers, the flower of sinners dies away: what of the righteous? "The righteous shall flourish like a palm tree" [Psalms 92:12].Early Church Fathers on Psalms 92 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 92:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe righteous shall flourish like the palm tree,.... Not like grass, as the wicked, Psalms 92:7 which is weak and tender, and soon cut down; but like trees, and like palm trees, that are firm and
Read John Gill on Psalms 92 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe righteous shall flourish like the palm tree: he shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 92 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleLike the palm tree; which is constantly green, and flourishing, and fruitful, , and growing even when it is pressed down; and so is a fit emblem of a just man’ s person and condition. See . Like a cedar; which spreads itself wide, and grows very high and strong, and is very durable, and in some sort incorruptible.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 92 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 92:12 The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree: he shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon.Ver. 12. The righteous shall flourish like the palm] A tree that groweth not in these cold climates, but where it doth is noted for tall, constantly green, long lived, sweet, firm, straight, &c., εμπεδοφυλλος (Theoph.). Nititur in pondus palma et consurgit in altum; Quo magis et premitur, hoc mage tollit onus. Though it hath many weights at the top, and many snakes at the bottom, yet is still saith, Nec premor, nee perimor. Like a cedar] Not like grass, as the wicked do, Psalms 92:7.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 92 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(12) Palm tree.—This is the only place where the palm appears as an emblem of moral rectitude and beauty of character, yet its aptness for such comparison has often been noticed. (See Tristram’s Natural History of the Bible, p. 384; and comp. Thomson’s The Land and the Book, p. 49.) A moral use was more often made of the cedar. Emblem of kingly might, it also became the type of the imperial grandeur of virtuous souls. (See Bible Educator, iii. 379.) The contrast of the palm’s perennial verdure, and the cedar’s venerable age, an age measured not by years, but by centuries, with the fleeting moments of the brief day of the grass, to which the wicked are compared (Psalms 92:7), is very…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 92 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 12. The righteous shall flourish like the palm-tree] Very different from the wicked, Psalms 92:7, who are likened to grass. These shall have a short duration; but those shall have a long and useful life. They are compared also to the cedar of Lebanon, an incorruptible wood, and extremely long-lived. Mr. Maundrell, who visited those trees in 1697, describes them thus: "These noble trees grow among the snow, near the highest part of Lebanon. Some are very old, and of prodigious bulk. I measured one of the largest, and found it twelve yards six inches in girt, and yet sound; and thirty-seven yards in the spread of its boughs. At about five or six yards from the ground, it was divided…
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 92 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges12. The fruitfulness of the palm and the fragrance of the cedar, the stately growth and evergreen foliage of both trees, above all, their longevity in contrast to the ephemeral grass which is the emblem of the wicked, may be among the points of comparison intended. Cp. Psalms 92:14; Psalms 1:3; Hosea 14:5-6; Isaiah 65:22.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 92 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe righteous shall flourish like the palm-tree - That is, the beauty, the erectness, the stateliness, the growth of the palm-tree - all this is an emblem of the condition, the prosperity, the happiness of a righteous man.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 92 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The righteous will flourish like a palm tree, and grow like a cedar in Lebanon.
The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree. He will grow like a cedar in Lebanon.
The righteous will flourish like a palm tree, and grow like a cedar in Lebanon.
The godly grow like a palm tree; they grow high like a cedar in Lebanon.
Tyndale line
The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree: he shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon.
The righteous shall flourish like the palm-tree: He shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon.
The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree: he shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon.
The righteous shall flourish like the palm-tree; he shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon.
The righteous shall flourish like a palme tree, and shall grow like a Cedar in Lebanon.
Strictly literal
The righteous shall shoot forth like a palm-tree; he shall grow like a cedar on Lebanon.
The righteous as a palm-tree flourisheth, As a cedar in Lebanon he groweth.
The righteous flourish as a palm-tree, || He grows as a cedar in Lebanon.
(92:13) The righteous shall spring up like the palm-tree: like a cedar in Lebanon shall he grow high.
The righteous will flourish like the palm tree; they will grow like a cedar in Lebanon.
Simplified
Those who live right flourish like a palm tree; they grow tall like a cedar tree in Lebanon.
The good man will be like a tall tree in his strength; his growth will be as the wide-stretching trees of Lebanon.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text states, "The righteous will flourish like a palm tree, and grow like a cedar in Lebanon." The Septuagint largely agrees with the Masoretic Text, matching five out of six words, although its word order and articles differ due to its own structure. The Dead Sea Scrolls contain fragments that include one word fully preserved and several others that are partly restored or supplied by an editor, making it difficult to determine their exact alignment with the Masoretic Text.
צַ֭דִּיק כַּתָּמָ֣ר יִפְרָ֑ח כְּאֶ֖רֶז בַּלְּבָנ֣וֹן יִשְׂגֶּֽה׃
5 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[בשור׳י] [בקמים] [על׳י] מרעים שמעה [אזנ׳י]
1 word on the leather — 1 partly restored, 4 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 92:12
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
צַדִּיק (tsaddiyq) means just or righteous, covering various aspects such as lawful behavior, moral conduct, and being justified by God. It is derived from a related root and is used to describe individuals who are upright in character and actions.
צַדִּיק 206 adj. just, righteous
base
H6662 צַדִּיק just, righteous
6662 tsaddiyq tsad-deek'
from 6663; just:--just, lawful, righteous (man).
see HEBREW for 06663
צַדִּיק (tsad.diq) — righteous.
1) just, lawful, righteous
1a) just, righteous (in government)
1b) just, right (in one's cause)
1c) just, righteous (in conduct and character)
1d) righteous (as justified and vindicated by God)
1e) right, correct, lawful
HAamsa — HAamsa
תָּמָר (tamar) refers to a palm tree, specifically the date palm. The word is derived from an unused root meaning to be erect, highlighting the tree's tall stature. It is consistently defined across entries, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.
תָּמָר n.m. palm-tree, date-palm, Phoenix dactylifera
base
H8558 תָּמָר palm-tree, date-palm, Phoenix dactylifera
8558 tamar taw-mawr'
from an unused root meaning to be erect; a palm tree:--palm
(tree).
תָּמָר (ta.mar) — palm.
palm tree, date palm
HRd/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
The Hebrew word פָּרַח (*pa.rach*) is a primitive root that encompasses several meanings, primarily related to growth and emergence. It can mean to bud, sprout, or shoot, as well as to break out in the context of leprosy or similar eruptions. Additionally, it has a sense of flying, particularly in an Aramaic context. The entries highlight its use in various forms, including Qal and Hiphil.
פָּרַח vb. bud, sprout, shoot
Qal bud, sprout, send out shoots, of vine
Hiph.
cause to bud or sprout
shew buds, sprouts, of tree
base
פָּרַח vb. break out, of leprosy and like eruptions
base
[פָּרַח] vb. fly, Aramaism
base
H6524a פָּרַח bud, sprout, shoot H6524b פָּרַח break out, of leprosy and like eruptions H6524c פָּרַח fly, Aramaism
6524 parach paw-rakh'
a primitive root; to break forth as a bud, i.e. bloom;
generally, to spread; specifically, to fly (as extending the
wings); figuratively, to flourish:--X abroad, X abundantly,
blossom, break forth (out), bud, flourish, make fly, grow,
spread, spring (up).
פָּרַח (pa.rach) — to sprout.
1) to bud, sprout, shoot, bloom
1a) (Qal) to bud, sprout, send out shoots, blossom
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to bud or sprout
1b2) to show buds or sprouts
פָּרַח (pa.rach) — to break out.
(Qal) to break out (of leprosy)
פָּרַח (pa.rach) — to fly.
(Qal) to fly (Aramaism)
HVqi3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
flur'-ish (parach, tsuts; anathallo):
The translation of parach, "to break forth" (Ps 72:7; 92:12,13; Pr 14:11; Isa 66:14; So 6:11; 7:12; the Revised Version (British and American) "budded"); of tsuts "to bloom" (Ps 72:16, 90:6; 92:7; 103:15; 132:18); ra`anan, "green," "fresh," is translated "flourishing" in Ps 92:14, the Revised Version (British and American) "green," and ra`anan, Aramaic in Da 4:4; nubh, "to sprout" (Zec 9:17, the King James Version…
The Hebrew word אֶ֫רֶז (*erez*) means 'cedar' and refers to the cedar tree, its timber, and its use in building and purification. It is derived from a root indicating the tenacity of its roots. The entries consistently highlight its significance in construction and ritual practices.
אֶ֫רֶז n.m. cedar
cedar-tree
cedar-timber, cedar-wood for building
cedar-wood used in purification
base
H730 אֶ֫רֶז cedar
730 'erez eh-rez'
from 729; a cedar tree (from the tenacity of its
roots):--cedar (tree).
see HEBREW for 0729
אֶ֫רֶז (e.rez) — cedar.
1) cedar
1a) cedar tree
1b) cedar timber, cedar wood (in building)
1c) cedar wood (in purifications)
HR/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
se'-dar, se'-der ('erez, from Hebrew root meaning "to be firm"; kedros): The 'erez was in almost all the Old Testament references the true cedar, Cedrus libani, but the name may have been applied in a loose way to allied trees, such as junipers and pines. In Nu 24:6--"as cedar-trees beside the waters"--the reference must, as is most probable, be purely poetical (see ALOES) or the 'arazim must signify some other kind of tree which flourishes beside water.
1. Cedar for Ritual Cleansing:
Cedar is twice mentioned as a substance for ritual cleansing. In Le 14:4 the cleansed leper was sprinkled with the blood of a "clean bird" into which had been put "cedar- wood, and scarlet, and hyssop." In Nu 19:6 "cedar-wood, and hyssop, and…
Cedar
(Heb. e’rez, Gr. kedros, Lat. cedrus), a tree very frequently mentioned in Scripture. It was stately (Ezek. 31:3-5), long-branched (Ps. 80:10; 92:12; Ezek. 31:6-9), odoriferous (Cant. 4:11; Hos. 14:6), durable, and therefore much used for boards, pillars, and ceilings (1 Kings 6:9, 10; 7:2; Jer. 22:14), for masts (Ezek. 27:5), and for carved images (Isa. 44:14).
The Hebrew word erez , invariably rendered "cedar" by the Authorized Version, stands for that tree in most of the passages where the word occurs. While the word is sometimes used in a wider sense, (Leviticus 14:6) for evergreen cone-bearing trees, generally the cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani) is intended. (1 Kings 7:2; 10:27; Psalms 92:12; Solomon 5:15; Isaiah 2:13; Ezekiel 31:3-6) The wood is of a reddish color, of bitter taste and aromatic odor, offensive to insects, and very durable. The cedar is a type of the Christian, being evergreen, beautiful, aromatic, wide spreading, slow growing, long lived, and having many uses. As far as is at present known, the cedar of…
A noble evergreen-tree greatly celebrated in the Scriptures, Ps 92:12 Eze 31:3-6. These trees are remarkably thick and tall; some among them are from thirty-five to forty feet in girth, and ninety feet in height. The cedar-tree shoots out branches at ten of twelve feet from the ground, large and almost horizontal; its leaves are an inch long, slender and straight, growing in tufts. The tree bears a small cone, like that of the pine. This celebrated tree is not peculiar to mount Lebanon, but grows also upon mounts Amanus and Taurus in Asia Minor, and in other parts of the Levant, but does not elsewhere reach the size and height of those on Lebanon. It has also been cultivated in the gardens of Europe; two venerable individuals of this species exist at Chiswick in England; and…
לְבָנוֹן (le.van.on) refers to Lebanon, a mountain range in Palestine known for its whiteness, likely due to its snow-capped peaks. The term is derived from a root meaning 'white' and is associated with various geographical features, including valleys and houses in the region. It appears in contexts describing the northern border of Israel.
לְבָנוֹן 71 n.pr.mont. Lebanon
base
H3844 לְבָנוֹן Lebanon
3844 Lbanown leb-aw-nohn'
from 3825; (the) white mountain (from its snow); Lebanon, a
mountain range in Palestine:--Lebanon.
see HEBREW for 03825
לְבָנוֹן (le.va.non) — Lebanon.
§ Lebanon = "whiteness"
a wooded mountain range on the northern border of Israel
לְבָנוֹן (le.va.non) — (Mount) Lebanon.
§ Lebanon = "whiteness"
a wooded mountain range on the northern border of Israel
לְבָנוֹן (le.va.non) — (Valley of) Lebanon.
Combined with biq.ah (בִּקְעָה " Valley" H1237I)
§ Lebanon = "whiteness"
a wooded mountain range on the northern border of Israel
לְבָנוֹן (le.va.non) — (House of the Forest of) Lebanon.
Combined with ba.yit (בַּ֫יִת "House" H1004K)
§ Lebanon = "whiteness"
a wooded mountain range on the northern border of Israel
HRd/Npl — Preposition · noun properHRd/Npl
leb'-a-non (lebanon; Septuagint Libanos; Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) Libanus):
1. Name:
Derived from the root labhen, "to be white," probably from the snow which covers its summits the greater part of the year. "White mountains" are found in almost every country. The light color of the upper limestone may, however, form a sufficient reason for the name. In prose the article is usually connected with the name. In poetry it is more often without the article. In the Septuagint, however, the article is generally present both in prose and poetry.
2. General Description:
The Lebanon range proper borders the east coast of the Mediterranean, for a distance of 100 miles, running North-Northeast and South-Southwest from the mouth of the Litany river, the classic Leontes (which enters the sea a little North of Tyre), to the mouth of the Eleuthurus (Nahr el-Kebir), a few miles North of…
Lebanon
White, “the white mountain of Syria,” is the loftiest and most celebrated mountain range in Syria. It is a branch running southward from the Caucasus, and at its lower end forking into two parallel ranges, the eastern or Anti-Lebanon, and the western or Lebanon proper. They enclose a long valley (Josh. 11:17) of from 5 to 8 miles in width, called by Roman writers Coele-Syria, now called el-Buka’a, “the valley,” a prolongation of the valley of the Jordan.
Lebanon proper, Jebel es-Sharki, commences at its southern extremity in the gorge of the Leontes, the ancient Litany, and extends north-east, parallel to the Mediterranean coast, as far as the river Eleutherus, at the plain of Emesa, “the entering of Hamath” (Num. 34:8;
a mountain range in the north of Palestine. The name Lebanon signifies white, and was applied either on account of snow which, during a great part of the year, cover its whole summit, or on account of the white color of its limestone cliffs and peaks. It is the "white mountain" --the Mont Blane of Palestine. Lebanon is represented in Scripture as lying upon the northern border of the land of Israel. (1:7; 11:24; Joshua 1:4) Two distinct ranges bear this name. They run in parallel lines from southwest to northeast for about 90 geographical miles, enclosing between them a long, fertile valley from five to eight miles wide, anciently called Coele-Syria . The western range is the "Libanus" of the old geographers and the Lebanon of Scripture. The eastern range was called "Anti-Libanus" by geographers, and "Lebanon toward the sunrising" by…
White, a long chain of mountains on the north of Palestine, so named from the whitish limestone of which they are composed and in part perhaps from their snowy whiteness in winter. It consists of two main ridges running northeast and southwest, nearly parallel with each other and with the coast of the Mediterranean. See view in SIDON. The western ridge was called Libanus by the Greeks, and the eastern AntiLibanus. Between them lies a long valley called Coele-Syria, that is, Hollow Syria, and the "valley of Lebanon," Jos 11:17, at present Bukkah. It opens towards the north, but is exceedingly narrow towards the south, where the river Litany, anciently Orontes, issues form the valley and flows west to the sea, north of Tyre. The western ridge is generally higher than the eastern, and several of its peaks are thought to be towards…
שָׂגָא (sagah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to grow or increase. It can refer to the growth of plants or the figurative sense of becoming great or magnified. The entries indicate its use in both the Qal and Hiphil forms, with the latter emphasizing an increase in wealth or status. Notably, Brown-Driver-Briggs mentions a verse about the righteous growing like cedar.
[שָׂגָא] vb. grow, grow great
Qal (of plant)
Hiph.
make great
magnify, laud
base
[שָׂגָה] vb. grow, increase
Qal righteous shall grow great like cedar
Hiph. they have increased riches.
base
H7685a שָׂגָא grow, grow great H7685b שָׂגָה grow, increase
7685 sagah saw-gaw'
a primitive root; to enlarge (especially upward, also
figuratively):--grow (up), increase.
שָׂגָה (sa.gah) — to grow.
1) to grow, increase
1a) (Qal) to grow (of plant)
שָׂגָה (sa.gah) — to increase.
1) to grow, increase
1a) (Qal) to grow (great)
1b) (Hiphil) to increase
HVqi3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms