Psalms 92:11 — Word Study
WLCוַתַּבֵּ֥ט עֵינִ֗י בְּשׁ֫וּרָ֥י בַּקָּמִ֖ים עָלַ֥י מְרֵעִ֗ים תִּשְׁמַ֥עְנָה אָזְנָֽי׃
BSAto exaltrûwm wild oxrᵉʼêm hornqeren to mixbâlal oilshemen be freshraʻănân
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַתַּבֵּ֥ט | and it has looked | Verb, Hiphil, sequential imperfect third person feminine singular |
| עֵינִ֗י | eye my | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| בְּשׁ֫וּרָ֥י | on enemies my | Preposition, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| בַּקָּמִ֖ים | in [those who] rise up | Preposition, verb qal participle (active) masculine plural |
| עָלַ֥י | on me | Preposition, suffix |
| מְרֵעִ֗ים | evil-doers | Verb, Hiphil, participle (active) masculine plural |
| תִּשְׁמַ֥עְנָה | they have heard | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine plural |
| אָזְנָֽי׃ | ears my | Noun common feminine dual construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | My eyes see the downfall of my enemies; my ears hear the wailing of my wicked foes. |
| KJV | Mine eye also shall see my desire on mine enemies, and mine ears shall hear my desire of the wicked that rise up against me. |
| ASV | Mine eye also hath seen my desire on mine enemies, Mine ears have heard my desire of the evil-doers that rise up against me. |
| YLT | And mine eye looketh on mine enemies, Of those rising up against me, The evil doers, do mine ears hear. |
| WEB | My eye has also seen my enemies. My ears have heard of the wicked enemies who rise up against me. |
| BBE | My eyes have seen trouble come on my haters; my ears have news of the fate of the evil-doers who have come up against me. |
The translations agree on the rendering of the wicked foes in this verse.
The sentence consists of two main clauses, each describing the psalmist's perception of his enemies and their lamentations.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbרוּם
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 8 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 92:11
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Justice of Godgenerated
Psalms 92:11 reflects the psalmist's assurance in God's justice, where he observes the downfall of his enemies and hears their lamentations. This verse is part of a larger psalm that contrasts the fate of the wicked with the flourishing of the righteous, emphasizing God's ultimate authority and protection over His people.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 37:34 | Wait for the LORD and keep His way, and He will raise you up to inherit the land. When the wicked are cut off, you will see it. |
| 2 | Psalm 54:7 | For He has delivered me from every trouble, and my eyes have stared down my foes. |
| 3 | Psalm 59:10 | My God of loving devotion will come to meet me; God will let me stare down my foes. |
| 4 | Psalm 91:8 | You will only see it with your eyes and witness the punishment of the wicked. |
| 5 | Psalm 112:8 | His heart is assured; he does not fear, until he looks in triumph on his foes. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מְרֵעִ֗ים, me.re.'Imgenerated
The word מְרֵעִ֗ים (me.re.'Im) is a participle form of the verb meaning 'to be evil' or 'to do evil.' It describes those who actively engage in wickedness and wrongdoing, portraying them as adversaries to the psalmist.
In this verse, it specifically refers to the wicked foes who rise up against the psalmist, highlighting their moral depravity and the consequences they face. The parsing indicates that it is in the masculine plural form, suggesting a group of individuals characterized by their evil actions.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations of this verse generally agree on the meanings presented.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb is תַּבֵּ֥ט, it has looked, which governs the subject עֵינִ֗י, my eyes, followed by a prepositional phrase בְּשׁ֫וּרָ֥י, on my enemies, and a participial phrase בַּקָּמִ֖ים, [those who] rise up.
The structure emphasizes the psalmist's perception of his enemies' downfall and the lamentation of the wicked. The arrangement highlights the contrast between the psalmist's awareness and the actions of his foes.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מְרֵעִ֗ים as ἐλαίῳ, which suggests a focus on the nature of the enemies as 'evil' or 'wicked.' This choice reflects a similar understanding of the moral character of the foes.
The translation captures the essence of the Hebrew term while potentially broadening the interpretation of their actions and consequences.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalms 92:11 expresses the psalmist's observation of his enemies' defeat and the cries of those who do evil. He sees their downfall and hears their lament, emphasizing the contrast between the righteous and the wicked.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The psalmist refers to those who oppose him and act wickedly, as indicated in the context of the psalm.
The psalmist sees this as a reflection of God's justice and a reassurance that evil will not prevail.
It implies individuals characterized by their evil actions and opposition to the psalmist, representing moral corruption.
This verse highlights the contrast between the fate of the wicked and the flourishing of the righteous, reinforcing God's justice.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How do I perceive the actions of those who oppose me in my life?
- In what ways can I find comfort in God's justice when facing adversaries?
- What does it mean for me to flourish like the righteous mentioned in this psalm?
- How can I respond to those who act wickedly against me in a way that reflects God's character?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Augustine of Hippo cites this verse in his exposition, discussing the nature of the enemies referenced by the psalmist.
"And My eye has beheld on mine enemies" [Psalms 92:11]. Whom does he call his enemies? All the workers of iniquity.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 92 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 92:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleMine eyes also shall see my desire on mine enemies,.... The Targum supplies thus, "shall see destruction;'' Aben Ezra, shall see "the vengeance of God", as in Psalms 58:10, and Kimchi, as we do,
Read John Gill on Psalms 92 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryMine eye also shall see my desire on mine enemies, and mine ears shall hear my desire of the wicked that rise up against me.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 92 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleMy desire, to wit, in the ruin of thine and mine incorrigible enemies. Shall hear; what I do not see myself, I shall understand by the certain reports of others.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 92 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 92:11 Mine eye also shall see [my desire] on mine enemies, [and] mine ears shall hear [my desire] of the wicked that rise up against me.Ver. 11. Mine eye also shall see my desire on mine enemies] Or, on mine observers, who watch for my halting.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 92 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(11) Mine eye also.—Better, And my eye looked upon (was able to look without fear) my insidious foes, and for their rising against me as villains my ears listened (without alarm).
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 92 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 11. Mine eye also shall see, - and mine ears shall hear] Even in my own times my enemies shall be destroyed; and of this destruction I shall either be an eye-witness or have authentic information.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 92 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges11. And mine eye hath seen (its desire) upon them that laid wait for me: Mine ear heard (its pleasure) of them that rose up against me to do evil. Cp. Psalms 54:7; Psalms 59:10, &c. Do the words grate upon our ears as we repeat the Psalm? Their form indeed belongs to the O.T., yet even the Christian is bidden to rejoice at the judgement of the enemies of God’s kingdom (Revelation 18:20).
Read Cambridge on Psalms 92 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleMine eye also shall see my desire - That is, I shall be permitted to see the destruction of my foes; I shall be gratified with seeing them overthrown. On the sentiment here expressed, see Psalms 54:7, note; Psalms 59:10, note.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 92 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
My eyes see the downfall of my enemies; my ears hear the wailing of my wicked foes.
My eye has also seen my enemies. My ears have heard of the wicked enemies who rise up against me.
My eyes see the downfall of my enemies; my ears hear the wailing of my wicked foes.
I gloat in triumph over those who tried to ambush me; I hear the defeated cries of the evil foes who attacked me.
Tyndale line
Mine eye also shall see my desire on mine enemies, and mine ears shall hear my desire of the wicked that rise up against me.
Mine eye also hath seen my desire on mine enemies, Mine ears have heard my desire of the evil-doers that rise up against me.
Mine eye also hath seen my desire on mine enemies, mine ears have heard my desire of the evil-doers that rise up against me.
My eye also shall see my desire on my enemies, and my ears shall hear my desire of the wicked that rise up against me.
Mine eye also shall see my desire against mine enemies: and mine eares shall heare my wish against the wicked, that rise vp against me.
Strictly literal
And mine eye shall see [its desire] on mine enemies; mine ears shall hear [it] of the evil-doers that rise up against me.
And mine eye looketh on mine enemies, Of those rising up against me, The evil doers, do mine ears hear.
And my eye looks on my enemies, || Of those rising up against me, || The evildoers, my ears hear.
(92:12) And my eye looketh on [the punishment of] those that regard me with envy: of the evildoers that rise up against me my ears shall bear it.
My eyes have seen the downfall of my enemies; my ears have heard of the doom of my evil foes.
Simplified
My eyes look with pleasure to see my enemies defeated; my ears have heard the downfall of those who tried to attack me.
My eyes have seen trouble come on my haters; my ears have news of the fate of the evil-doers who have come up against me.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their representation of this verse, with five of the eight words matched. The Septuagint's word order differs, but the core meaning remains consistent with the Hebrew text.
וַתַּבֵּ֥ט עֵינִ֗י בְּשׁ֫וּרָ֥י בַּקָּמִ֖ים עָלַ֥י מְרֵעִ֗ים תִּשְׁמַ֥עְנָה אָזְנָֽי׃
5 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 92:11
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
נָבַט (nabat) is a Hebrew verb meaning to look or regard. It encompasses various nuances, such as looking intently, considering, and showing favor or care. The entries indicate its use in different grammatical forms, specifically the Piel and Hiphil stems, which emphasize the act of looking or regarding. No significant disagreements among lexicons are noted.
[נָבַט] vb. Pi., Hiph. look
Pi. look
Hiph. look
base
H5027 נָבַט look
5027 nabat naw-bat'
a primitive root; to scan, i.e. look intently at; by
implication, to regard with pleasure, favor or care:--(cause
to) behold, consider, look (down), regard, have respect, see.
נָבַט (na.vat) — to look.
1) to look, regard
1a) (Piel) to look
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) tolook
1b2) to regard, show regard to, pay attention to, consider
1b3) to look upon, regard, show regard to
Hc/Vhw3fs — Verb · Hiphil · sequential imperfect third person feminine singularHc/Vhw3fs
The Hebrew word עַ֫יִן (*'ayin*) means 'eye' and can refer to both the physical organ and its figurative uses, such as mental qualities and desires. It also denotes a 'spring' or 'fountain' of water. The entries highlight various phrases and contexts, including appearances and expressions of emotion, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
עַ֫יִן 859 n.f. eye
lit. as physical organ
eyes as showing mental qualities
desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes
Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states
Transferred mngs.:
visible surface of earth
appearance
gleam, sparkle
Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead
base
עַ֫יִן n.f. spring (of water). Particular springs are:
ע׳ חֲרֹר Ju 7:1
ע׳ הַקּוֹרֵא (partridge-spring) Ju 15:19
ע׳ רֹגֵל near Jerus.
ע׳ הַתַּנִּין (dragon-spring)
base
H5869a עַ֫יִן eye . lit. as physical organ
. . eyes as showing mental qualities
. desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes
. Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states
. Transferred mngs.: . visible surface of earth
. appearance
. gleam, sparkle
. Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead
H5869b עַ֫יִן spring (of water)
5869 `ayin ah'-yin
probably a primitive word; an eye (literally or
figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the
landscape):--affliction, outward appearance, + before, +
think best, colour, conceit, + be content, countenance, +
displease, eye((-brow), (-d), -sight), face, + favour,
fountain, furrow (from the margin), X him, + humble,
knowledge, look, (+ well), X me, open(-ly), + (not) please,
presence, + regard, resemblance, sight, X thee, X them, +
think, X us, well, X you(-rselves).
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye.
: eye
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain (Gate).
§ spring, fountain
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain of.
§ spring, fountain
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: seeing.
: seeing
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: appearance.
: appearance
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: before(the eyes).
: before(the_eyes)
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: sin.
: sin
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
HNcfsc/Sp1bs — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp1bs
שׁוּר (shur) primarily means 'enemy' or 'foe,' as indicated in the entries. It is derived from another Hebrew root, and its usage suggests a sense of someone lying in wait. The word appears in Psalm 92:12, but its exact meaning remains uncertain according to some sources.
[שׁוּר] dub. word, only pl. sf. ψ 92:12
ref
H7790 שׁוּר
7790 shuwr shoor
from 7889; a foe (as lying in wait):--enemy.
see HEBREW for 07889
שׁוּר (shur) — enemy.
1) watcher, enemy
1a) (BDB) meaning uncertain
HR/Ncmpc/Sp1bs — Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHR/Ncmpc/Sp1bs
The Hebrew word קוּם (qum) is a primitive root meaning 'to rise' and encompasses a range of actions such as standing, becoming powerful, and establishing. It can imply a sudden or hostile rise, as well as the act of fulfilling or confirming something. The entries also note various grammatical forms, indicating its use in different contexts, including raising up or causing to stand.
לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash Je 51:1.
ref
קוּם 628 vb. arise, stand up, stand
Qal 460
arise
arise, in hostile sense (oft. with idea of suddenness)
arise, abs., = become powerful
arise = come on the scene, appear, of leader, prophet
arise for, i.e. to become
arise for action
arise (out of inaction), introducing some specific deed
esp. arise = start, make a move, to go somewhere
stand
Pi.
fulfil
confirm, ratify
confirm, establish
impose, an obligation
Pō‛l. raise up
Hithpō‛l. raise oneself, = rise up
Hiph.
146cause to arise, raise
raise, set up, stones
erect, build
fig, of setting up law
raise up = bring on the scene
raise up = rouse, stir up
instigate, build
fig, of setting up law
raise up = constitute
cause to stand
Hoph. be raised up
base
H6965a לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash H6965b קוּם arise, stand up, stand .. arise
. arise, in hostile sense (oft. with idea of suddenness)
. arise, abs., = become powerful
. arise = come on the scene, appear, of leader, prophet
. arise for, i.e. to become
. . arise for action
. arise (out of inaction), introducing some specific deed
. esp. arise = start, make a move, to go somewhere
. stand
. . fulfil
. . confirm, ratify
. confirm, establish
. impose, an obligation
. raise up
. raise oneself, = rise up
. . cause to arise, raise
. . raise, set up, stones
. erect, build
. fig, of setting up law
. raise up = bring on the scene
. . raise up = rouse, stir up
. instigate, build
. fig, of setting up law
. raise up = constitute
. cause to stand
. be raised up
6965 quwm koom
a primitive root; to rise (in various applications, literal,
figurative, intensive and causative):--abide, accomplish, X
be clearer, confirm, continue, decree, X be dim, endure, X
enemy, enjoin, get up, make good, help, hold, (help to) lift
up (again), make, X but newly, ordain, perform, pitch, raise
(up), rear (up), remain, (a-)rise (up) (again, against), rouse
up, set (up), (e-)stablish, (make to) stand (up), stir up,
strengthen, succeed, (as-, make) sure(-ly), (be) up(-hold, -
rising).
קָמָי (qa.may) — (Leb)-kamai.
Combined with lev (לֵב "Leb" H3820B)
§ -Kamai = "my adversary"
Leb-kamai, i.e., people of Gambulai
קוּם (qum) — to arise: rise.
: rise/get_going
1) to rise, arise, stand, rise up, stand up
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to arise
1a2) to arise (hostile sense)
1a3) to arise, become powerful
1a4) to arise, come on the scene
1a5) to stand
1a5a) to maintain oneself
1a5b) to be established, be confirmed
1a5c) to stand, endure
1a5d) to be fixed
1a5e) to be valid
1a5f) to be proven
1a5g) to be fulfilled
1a5h) to persist
1a5i) to be set, be fixed
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to fulfil
1b2) to confirm, ratify, establish, impose
1c) (Polel) to raise up
1d) (Hithpael) to raise oneself, rise up
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to cause to arise, raise
1e2) to raise, set up, erect, build
1e3) to raise up, bring on the scene
1e4) to raise up, rouse, stir up, investigate
1e5) to raise up, constitute
HRd/Vqrmpa — Preposition · verb qal participle (active) masculine pluralHRd/Vqrmpa
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
HR/Sp1bs — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs
רָעַע (ra`a`) is a Hebrew verb with meanings related to being evil or breaking. It encompasses a range of concepts from moral wickedness to physical shattering. The entries indicate that it can refer to causing harm or injury, as well as being displeasing or sad. There is a notable distinction in the lexicons regarding its use in ethical contexts versus physical breaking.
[רָעַע] 98 vb. denom. be evil, bad
Qal
be displeasing
be sad
be injurious, evil
be evil, wicked, ethically
Niph. suffer hurt
Hiph. 70
do an injury, hurt
do evil, wickedly
base
[רָעַע] vb. break
Qal
trans. can one break iron, iron out of the north ?
intrans. break = be broken
Hithpō‛. the earth is broken asunder
base
H7489a רָעַע vb. denom. be evil, bad H7489b רָעַע break
7489 ra`a` raw-ah'
a primitive root; properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking
to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good for nothing,
i.e. bad (physically, socially or morally):--afflict,
associate selves (by mistake for 7462), break (down, in
pieces), + displease, (be, bring, do) evil (doer, entreat,
man), show self friendly (by mistake for 7462), do harm, (do)
hurt, (behave self, deal) ill, X indeed, do mischief, punish,
still, vex, (do) wicked (doer, -ly), be (deal, do) worse.
see HEBREW for 07462
see HEBREW for 07462
רָעַע (ra.a) — be evil.
1) to be bad, be evil
1a)(Qal)
1a1) to be displeasing
1a2) to be sad
1a3) to be injurious, be evil
1a4) to be wicked, be evil (ethically)
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to do an injury or hurt
1b2) to do evil or wickedly
1b3) mischief (participle)
רָעַע (ra.a) — to shatter.
1) to break, shatter
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to break
1a2) broken (participle)
1a3) to be broken
1b) (Hithpolel) to be broken, be broken in pieces, be broken asunder
HVhrmpa — Verb · Hiphil · participle (active) masculine pluralHVhrmpa
e-v'-l-doo'-erz mere`im; from ra`-a`; kakopoios, always plural:
Malefactors or offenders of God's law. Used generally of the ungodly, as, "Fret not thyself because of evil-doers." (Ps 37:1). Sometimes also of personal offenders: "He hath delivered the soul of the needy from the hand of evil-doers." (Jer 20:13).
The Hebrew word שָׁמַע (shama`) means 'to hear' and encompasses a range of meanings including listening, obeying, and proclaiming. It is built from a primitive root and can imply attention and understanding. The entries highlight various grammatical forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of hearing and obeying. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
שָׁמַע 1152 vb. hear
Qal 1052
subj. pers. hum.
י׳ (God) subj.
Niph. 42 be heard, of voice, sound
be heard of
be regarded, obeyed
= (favourable) hearing was granted to their voice.
Pi. he caused the people to hear
Hiph. 63
of man
י׳ subj.
base
H8085 שָׁמַע hear
8085 shama` shaw-mah'
a primitive root; to hear intelligently (often with
implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to
tell, etc.):--X attentively, call (gather) together, X
carefully, X certainly, consent, consider, be content,
declare, X diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make
to) hear(-ken, tell), X indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be)
obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish,
regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, X surely, tell,
understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.
שָׁמַע (sha.ma) — to hear: hear.
: hear
v
1) to hear, listen to, obey
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to hear (perceive by ear)
1a2) to hear of or concerning
1a3) to hear (have power to hear)
1a4) to hear with attention or interest, listen to
1a5) to understand (language)
1a6) to hear (of judicial cases)
1a7) to listen, give heed
1a7a) to consent, agree
1a7b) to grant request
1a8) to listen to, yield to
1a9) to obey, be obedient
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be heard (of voice or sound)
1b2) to be heard of
1b3) to be regarded, be obeyed
1c) (Piel) to cause to hear, call to hear, summon
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to hear, tell, proclaim, utter a sound
1d2) to sound aloud (musical term)
1d3) to make proclamation, summon
1d4) to cause to be heard
n m
2) sound
שָׁמַע (sha.ma) — to hear: obey.
: obey
v
1) to hear, listen to, obey
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to hear (perceive by ear)
1a2) to hear of or concerning
1a3) to hear (have power to hear)
HVqi3fp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine pluralHVqi3fp
The Hebrew word אֹ֫זֶן (*ozen*) means 'ear' and is derived from a root that suggests broadness. It refers to the physical ear as well as the organ of hearing, and can also imply the act of revealing or receiving divine revelation. The term appears in contexts such as Exodus 29:20.
אֹ֫זֶן 188 n.f. Ex 29:20 ear
ear, as part of body
especially as organ of hearing
open ears of, reveal to
base
H241 אֹ֫זֶן ear
241 'ozen o'-zen
from 238; broadness. i.e. (concrete) the ear (from its form
in man):--+ advertise, audience, + displease, ear, hearing, +
show.
see HEBREW for 0238
אֹ֫זֶן (o.zen) — ear.
: ear
1) ear, as part of the body
2) ear, as organ of hearing
3) (subjective) to uncover the ear to reveal; the receiver of divine revelation
אֹ֫זֶן (o.zen) — ear: hearing.
: hearing
1) ear, as part of the body
2) ear, as organ of hearing
3) (subjective) to uncover the ear to reveal; the receiver of divine revelation
אֹ֫זֶן (o.zen) — ear: to ears.
: to[ears_of](PERSON)
1) ear, as part of the body
2) ear, as organ of hearing
3) (subjective) to uncover the ear to reveal; the receiver of divine revelation
HNcfdc/Sp1bs — Noun common feminine dual construct · suffixHNcfdc/Sp1bs