Daniel 12:3 — Word Study
WLCוְהַ֨מַּשְׂכִּלִ֔ים יַזְהִ֖רוּ כְּזֹ֣הַר הָרָקִ֑יעַ וּמַצְדִּיקֵי֙ הָֽרַבִּ֔ים כַּכּוֹכָבִ֖ים לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ פ
BSAThen the wisesâkal [those who are prudent, circumspect] will shinezâhar▸ [to warn or enlighten, like the brightness of the sun] like the brightnesszôhar [radiance, splendor] of the heavensrâqîyaʻ [the expanse, firmament] and those who lead manyrab [turn, justify, a multitude, a great number] to righteousnesstsâdaq [justification, being made right] [will shine] like the starskôwkâb [glow, sparkle, celestial bodies] foreverʻôwlâm [for all eternity, perpetually] and everʻad [always, without end]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְהַ֨מַּשְׂכִּלִ֔ים | and those [who] have insight | Conjunction, particle, verb hiphil participle (active) masculine plural |
| יַזְהִ֖רוּ | they will shine | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| כְּזֹ֣הַר | like [the] shining of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| הָרָקִ֑יעַ | the firmament | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וּמַצְדִּיקֵי֙ | and [those who] turn to righteousness | Conjunction, verb hiphil participle (active) masculine plural common |
| הָֽרַבִּ֔ים | the many [people] | Particle |
| כַּכּוֹכָבִ֖ים | like the stars | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| לְעוֹלָ֥ם | for ever | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וָעֶֽד׃ פ | and ever | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Then the wise will shine like the brightness of the heavens, and those who lead many to righteousness will shine like the stars forever and ever. |
| KJV | And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever. |
| ASV | And they that are wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever. |
| YLT | And those teaching do shine as the brightness of the expanse, and those justifying the multitude as stars to the age and for ever. |
| WEB | Those who are wise will shine as the brightness of the expanse. Those who turn many to righteousness will shine as the stars forever and ever. |
| BBE | And those who are wise will be shining like the light of the outstretched sky; and those by whom numbers have been turned to righteousness will be like the stars for ever and ever. |
The translations agree on the meaning of מַשְׂכִּלִים — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence consists of two main clauses, each with a simile that describes how the subjects will shine.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbזָהַר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Daniel 12:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Resurrection and Reward of the Righteousgenerated
Daniel 12:3 presents a vision of the end times where the wise are promised a radiant reward. This passage emphasizes the importance of wisdom and leading others to righteousness, contrasting the fate of the righteous with that of the wicked, as seen in Daniel 12:2. The imagery of shining like stars reflects the glory that awaits those who are faithful and just.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daniel 11:33–35 | Those with insight will instruct many, though for a time they will fall by sword or flame, or be captured or plundered. |
| 2 | Proverbs 11:30 | The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life, and he who wins souls is wise. |
| 3 | Matthew 24:45 | Who then is the faithful and wise servant, whom the master has put in charge of his household, to give the others their food at the proper time? |
| 4 | 1 Corinthians 3:10 | By the grace God has given me, I laid a foundation as an expert builder, and someone else is building on it. But each one must be careful how he builds. |
| 5 | 2 Peter 3:15 | Consider also that our Lord’s patience brings salvation, just as our beloved brother Paul also wrote you with the wisdom God gave him. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 19 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מַשְׂכִּלִים, maśkîlîmgenerated
The word מַשְׂכִּלִים (*maśkîlîm*) is a masculine plural participle from the root שָׂכַל (*sakal*), which means to be prudent or to have insight. It describes individuals who are wise, thoughtful, and circumspect in their actions, akin to the wisdom of Solomon in 1 Kings 3:12.
This term emphasizes the importance of wisdom in the context of leading others toward righteousness. The wise are not just knowledgeable; they actively apply their understanding to guide others, reflecting a deeper moral and spiritual insight.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree here, all rendering מַשְׂכִּלִים as 'the wise'.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb יַזְהִ֖רוּ (*yazhiru*), meaning 'they will shine', governs the entire verse, with two main phrases: one describing the wise and another describing those who lead many to righteousness. This structure highlights the dual focus on wisdom and righteous leadership.
The Hebrew word order emphasizes the subjects — the wise and the righteous leaders — before introducing their actions, underscoring their importance in the sentence.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מַשְׂכִּלִים as συνιέντες, meaning 'those who understand'. This choice broadens the concept of wisdom to include comprehension and insight, aligning with the Greek emphasis on intellectual understanding.
The Greek term φανοῦσιν for 'they will shine' suggests a similar idea of enlightenment, reinforcing the theme of wisdom leading to illumination in both texts.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Daniel 12:3 tells us that wise people will shine brightly like the heavens, and those who guide others to do what is right will shine like the stars forever. This passage highlights the value of wisdom and the importance of leading others towards righteousness.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Being wise refers to having insight and understanding, which leads to prudent actions and decisions, especially in guiding others.
Leading others to righteousness involves teaching, guiding, and encouraging them to live justly and morally, aligning with God's standards.
Shining like stars symbolizes the glory and honor that the wise and righteous will receive in the afterlife, reflecting their faithfulness.
The promise of shining forever emphasizes the lasting impact of wisdom and righteousness, highlighting their eternal significance in God's plan.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I grow in wisdom and understanding in my daily life?
- How can I actively lead others towards righteousness in my community?
- What does it mean for me to shine like a star in my actions and choices?
- How can I remind myself of the eternal significance of my choices today?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers referenced this verse to discuss the glory of the righteous and the wisdom of God, emphasizing the eternal reward for those who lead others to righteousness.
The person who loves God shall arrive at such excellence as even to see God, and hear his word and from the hearing of his discourse be glorified to such an extent that others cannot behold the glory of his countenance.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 12 →
"And they that be wise shall shine." And the Lord has said the same thing in the Gospel: "Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun."Early Church Fathers on Daniel 12 →
Quick, flee from sin, think at once of death, for it is written, “The prudent person treats sin harshly, and the face of ascetics will shine like the sun.”Early Church Fathers on Daniel 12 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Daniel 12:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament,.... That are wise, not in things natural and civil, but in things spiritual; who are wise unto salvation; that are wise to know
Read John Gill on Daniel 12 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever. And they that be wise - (Proverbs 11:30).
Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 12 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHere the faithful are called wise, i. e. to salvation, and so these two members include teachers, and disciples that are truly taught the way of salvation, i.e. such as are taught of God to learn Christ as the truth is in Jesus, . They that teach true justification by the righteousness of Christ, imputed to faith, which is the sum of the gospel, and express it by righteous walking, they shall have high degrees of glory. By being diligent and faithful instruments in the Lord’ s hand, by the word of God, and a holy example of the conversion of souls from an evil state, from an evil heart, and from an evil life unto God, they shall shine, not in fame for a long time, as Grotius lamely renders…
Read Matthew Poole on Daniel 12 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDaniel 12:3 And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever.Ver. 3. And they that be wise.] And in addition do what they can do to wisen others to salvation, as all wise ones will; for goodness is diffusive of itself, and would have others to share with it. Charity is no churl. Shall shine as the brightness of the firmament.] A good amends for their present sufferings. Solomon allowed little or no considerable reward to his workmen, but Christ doth. For they shall shine as the firmament; yea, as the stars; yea, as the sun in his strength; yea, as Christ himself shineth, they shall appear with him…
Read John Trapp on Daniel 12 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(3) They that be wise.—Comp. Matthew 13:43, Notes. “The wise” are the same as “those that understand” who were spoken of in Daniel 11:33, meaning those who by their own righteousness—that is, by their faithfulness to their covenant with God—had set a bright example to the others, as in Daniel 11:35. Such is the consolation held out for the support of those who shall witness the tribulation of the last days. (See Notes on Matthew 24 and the parallel passages.)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Daniel 12 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 3. And they that be wise] Those who are thoroughly instructed in Christ's word and doctrine, shall shine - shall be eminently distinguished in the Christian Church by the holiness of their lives, and the purity of their creed. And they that turn many to righteousness] They who, by preaching Christ crucified among their brethren, shall be the means of converting them to the Christian faith; shall be as the stars - bright luminaries in the Gospel kingdom of Jesus Christ. This also may be applied to the case of holy and useful men, particularly the faithful ministers of the Gospel, in the day of judgment. See the parallel texts in the margin, and the notes on them. (James 5:20; 1…
Read AdamClarke on Daniel 12 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges3. Daniel 12:5-13. Conclusion. The revelation (Daniel 11:2 to Daniel 12:4) is ended; but nothing has been said about the duration of the troubles foretold in it. And yet, to those living in the midst of them, this was a question of vital interest. Daniel accordingly asks, and receives, specific information on this point (Daniel 12:6 ff.).
Read Cambridge on Daniel 12 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd they that be wise - This is the language which, in the Scriptures, is employed to denote the pious, or those who serve God and keep his commandments. See the book of Proverbs, passim.
Read Albert Barnes on Daniel 12 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Then the wise will shine like the brightness of the heavens, and those who lead many to righteousness will shine like the stars forever and ever.
Those who are wise will shine as the brightness of the expanse. Those who turn many to righteousness will shine as the stars forever and ever.
Then the wise will shine like the brightness of the heavens, and those who lead many to righteousness will shine like the stars forever and ever.
But the wise will shine like the brightness of the heavenly expanse. And those bringing many to righteousness will be like the stars forever and ever.
Tyndale line
And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever.
And they that are wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever.
And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever.
And they that are wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever.
And they that be wise, shall shine, as ye brightnes of the firmament: and they that turne many to righteousnes, shall shine as the starres, for euer and euer.
Strictly literal
And they that are wise shall shine as the brightness of the expanse; and they that turn the many to righteousness as the stars, for ever and ever.
And those teaching do shine as the brightness of the expanse, and those justifying the multitude as stars to the age and for ever.
And those teaching shine as the brightness of the expanse, and those justifying the multitude as stars for all time and forever.”
And the intelligent shall shine brilliantly like the brilliance of the expanse [of the sky]; and they that bring many to righteousness shall be like the stars, for ever and ever.
Those who are wise will shine like the brightness of the sky above, and those who turn many to righteousness, are like the stars forever and ever.
From the Latin
But they that are learned shall shine as the brightness of the firmament: and they that instruct many to justice, as stars for all eternity.
Simplified
Those who are wise will shine as bright as the sky; those who have shown many the right way to live will shine as bright as the stars forever and ever.
And those who are wise will be shining like the light of the outstretched sky; and those by whom numbers have been turned to righteousness will be like the stars for ever and ever.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
Both the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint align closely in this verse, with a word-for-word correspondence indicating agreement on the key themes of wisdom and righteousness.
וְהַ֨מַּשְׂכִּלִ֔ים יַזְהִ֖רוּ כְּזֹ֣הַר הָרָקִ֑יעַ וּמַצְדִּיקֵי֙ הָֽרַבִּ֔ים כַּכּוֹכָבִ֖ים לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ פ
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Daniel 12:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word שָׂכַל (*sakal*) is a primitive root meaning to be prudent or circumspect. It encompasses a range of meanings including to consider, understand, teach, and prosper. The word can also refer to laying something crosswise in its Piel form. Notably, it appears in contexts that emphasize insight and wisdom.
שָׂכַל vb. be prudent
Qal be prudent, circumspect
Hiph.
look at
give attention to, consider, ponder
have insight, comprehension
cause to consider, give insight, teach
act circumspectly, prudently
H7919a שָׂכַל be prudent .be prudent, circumspect
. . look at
. give attention to, consider, ponder
. have insight, comprehension
. cause to consider, give insight, teach
. act circumspectly, prudently
. prosper, have success
. cause to prosper
H7919b שָׂכַל Pi. lay crosswise
7919 sakal saw-kal'
a primitive root; to be (causatively, make or act)
circumspect and hence, intelligent:--consider, expert,
instruct, prosper, (deal) prudent(-ly), (give) skill(-ful),
have good success, teach, (have, make to) understand(-ing),
wisdom, (be, behave self, consider, make) wise(- ly), guide
wittingly.
שָׂכַל (sa.khal) — be prudent.
1) to be prudent, be circumspect, wisely understand, prosper
1a) (Qal) to be prudent, be circumspect
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to look at or upon, have insight
1b2) to give attention to, consider, ponder, be prudent
1b3) to have insight, have comprehension
1b3a) insight, comprehension (subst)
1b4) to cause to consider, give insight, teach
1b4a) the teachers, the wise
1b5) to act circumspectly, act prudently, act wisely
1b6) to prosper, have success
1b7) to cause to prosper
Aramaic equivalent: se.khal (שְׂכַל "to contemplate" H7920)
שָׂכַל (sa.khal) — to cross hands.
(Piel) to lay crosswise, cross (hands)
Conj | Art | V-Hiphil — Conjunction · particle · verb hiphil participle (active) masculine pluralHC/Td/Vhrmpa
זָהַר (zahar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to shine or emit light, and it also conveys the ideas of teaching and warning. It is primarily used in the Hiphil and Niphal forms, indicating actions like instructing or being admonished. The entries suggest a figurative sense of enlightenment through caution. There is an Aramaic equivalent, זְהַר, meaning 'to take heed'.
[זָהַר] vb. be light, shining
Hiph. intrans. (late) send out light, shine
base
[זָהַר] vb. only Hiph., Niph.
Hiph. instruct, teach, warn
Niph. be instructed, admonished, warned
base
H2094a זָהַר be light, shining . intrans. (late) send out light, shine
H2094b זָהַר only Hiph., Niph. . instruct, teach, warn
. be instructed, admonished, warned
2094 zahar zaw-har'
a primitive root; to gleam; figuratively, to enlighten (by
caution):--admonish, shine, teach, (give) warn(-ing).
זָהַר (za.har) — to shine.
1) to shine, send out light, be light, be shining
1a) (Hiphil) to shine, send out light (fig.)
זָהַר (za.har) — to warn.
1) to admonish, warn, teach
1a) (Niphal) to be taught, be admonished
1b) (Hiphil) to teach, warn
Aramaic equivalent: ze.har (זְהַר "to take heed" H2095)
V-Hiphil-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVhi3mp
shin: The Hebrew words 'ahal, 'or, halal, zahar, zarach, yapha`, naghah, `ashath and qaran are all translated "shine." All indicate either the direct or indirect diffusion of beams of light. In a direct and literal sense the word "shine" is used of the heavenly bodies, or of candles, and fire (Job 18:5; 25:5 the King James Version; Job 29:3; 31:26; 2Ki 3:22). In a figurative sense it is used of reflected light or brightness, in any sense (Ex 34:29 f,35; Isa 60:1; Eze 43:2; Da 12:3). God as the sun of righteousness…
זֹ֫הַר (zohar) refers to brightness or shining. It is derived from a root meaning to shine, and is used in contexts that emphasize brilliance or luminosity.
זֹ֫הַר n.[m.] shining, brightness
base
H2096 זֹ֫הַר
2096 zohar zo'-har
from 2094; brilliancy:--brightness.
see HEBREW for 02094
זֹ֫הַר (zo.har) — brightness.
brightness, shining
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
רָקִיעַ (raqiya`) refers to an extended surface or expanse, often translated as 'firmament.' It denotes the vault of heaven, which Hebrews viewed as solid and supporting waters above. The term is linked to the concept of a flat expanse, emphasizing its role in the structure of the sky.
רָקִיעַ n.m. extended surface, (solid) expanse
(flat) expanse
the vault of heaven, or ‘firmament,’ regarded by Hebrews as solid, and supporting ‘waters’ above it
base
H7549 רָקִיעַ extended surface, (solid) expanse . (flat) expanse
. the vault of heaven, or ‘firmament,’ regarded by Hebrews as solid, and supporting ‘waters’ above it
7549 raqiya` raw-kee'-ah
from 7554; properly, an expanse, i.e. the firmament or
(apparently) visible arch of the sky:--firmament.
see HEBREW for 07554
רָקִיעַ (ra.qi.a) — expanse.
1) extended surface (solid), expanse, firmament
1a) expanse (flat as base, support)
1b) firmament (of vault of heaven supporting waters above)
1b1) considered by Hebrews as solid and supporting 'waters' above
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
fur'-ma-ment.
See ASTRONOMY. III, 3.
Firmament
From the Vulgate firmamentum, which is used as the translation of the Hebrew raki’a. This word means simply “expansion.” It denotes the space or expanse like an arch appearing immediately above us. They who rendered raki’a by firmamentum regarded it as a solid body. The language of Scripture is not scientific but popular, and hence we read of the sun rising and setting, and also here the use of this particular word. It is plain that it was used to denote solidity as well as expansion. It formed a division between the waters above and the waters below (Gen. 1:7). The raki’a supported the upper reservoir (Ps. 148:4). It was the support also of the heavenly bodies (Gen. 1:14), and is spoken of as having “windows” and…
In Scripture the word denotes an expanse, a wide extent; for such is the signification of the Hebrew word. The original, therefore, does not convey the sense of solidity, but of stretching, extension; the great arch of expanse over our heads, in which are placed the atmosphere and the clouds, and in which the stars appear to be placed, and are really seen. --Webster.
Ge 1:17, the expanse of the heavens immediately above the earth. The Hebrews seem to have viewed this as an immense crystalline dome, studded with stars, resting on the far distant horizon all around the spectator, and separating the waters above us from those on the earth. Through its windows the rain descended. It is not necessary to suppose they thought it was solid, Ps 19:1; Isa 40:22. It is not the aim of Scripture to give scientific statements of natural phenomena. Teaching religion, not astronomy of physics, it does not anticipate modern discoveries, but speaks of natural objects and occurrences in the common language of men everywhere. Hence, in part, its attractiveness in all ages as a book for the people.
צָדֵק (tsadaq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be just or righteous, encompassing a range of actions from justifying oneself to declaring others righteous. It appears in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, Piel, Hiphil, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances of justification and righteousness. The entries highlight its moral and forensic implications, but do not present significant disagreement.
[צָדֵק, צָדֹק] vb. denom. be just, righteous
Qal
have a just cause, be in the right
be justified
be just
be just, righteous
Niph. the holy place shall be put right
Pi. justify
Hiph.
do justice
declare righteous, justify
justify, vindicate the cause of, save
make righteous, turn to righteousness
Hithp. how shall we justify ourselves
base
H6663 צָדֵק, צָדֹק vb. denom. be just, righteous
6663 tsadaq tsaw-dak'
a primitive root; to be (causatively, make) right (in a moral
or forensic sense):--cleanse, clear self, (be, do)
just(-ice, -ify, -ify self), (be turn to) righteous(-ness).
צָדֵק (tsa.daq) — to justify.
1) to be just, be righteous
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to have a just cause, be in the right
1a2) to be justified
1a3) to be just (of God)
1a4) to be just, be righteous (in conduct and character)
1b) (Niphal) to be put or made right, be justified
1c) (Piel) justify, make to appear righteous, make someone righteous
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to do or bring justice (in administering law)
1d2) to declare righteous, justify
1d3) to justify, vindicate the cause of, save
1d4) to make righteous, turn to righteousness
1e) (Hithpael) to justify oneself
Conj | V-Hiphil — Conjunction · verb hiphil participle (active) masculine plural commonHC/Vhrmpc
ri'-chus-nes (tsaddiq, adjective, "righteous," or occasionally "just" tsedheq, noun, occasionally = "riahteousness," occasionally = "justice"; dikaios, adjective, dikaiosune, noun, from dike, whose first meaning seems to have been "custom"; the general use suggested conformity to a standard: righteousness, "the state of him who is such as he ought to be" (Thayer)):
1. Double Aspect of Righteousness: Changing and Permanent
2. Social Customs and Righteousness
3. Changing Conception of Character of God: Obligations of Power
4. Righteousness as Inner
5. Righteousness as Social
6. Righteousness as Expanding in Content with Growth in Ideals of Human Worth
LITERATURE
1. Double Aspect of Righteousness: Changing and Permanent:
In Christian thought the idea of righteousness contains both a permanent and a changing element. The fixed element is the will to do right; the changing factor is the conception of…
Righteousness
See JUSTIFICATION.
Rectitude, justice, holiness; an essential perfection of God’s character, Job 36:3; Isa 51:5-8; Joh 17:25; and of his administration, Ge 18:25; Ro 3:21,22; 10:3. It is the wonder of grace that as the righteous guardian of the law, he can acquit the unrighteous. "The righteousness of Christ" includes his spotless holiness, his perfect obedience the law demands; and "the righteousness of faith" is that imputed to the sinner who believes in Christ. With reference to personal character, righteousness is used both for uprightness between man and man, and for true religion,
רַב (rav) means much, many, or great, often used in contrast to מְעַט (me'at). It can describe abundance in quantity or rank and is also used as a noun for chief or captain. The word conveys a range of meanings from numerous to exceedingly, and it can function as both an adjective and a noun.
רַב 429 adj. much, many, great
(oft. opp. מְעַט)
much: of substances
esp. of collectives, numerous
pl. many
רַב as subst. coll. pers.
cstr. = abounding in
מִן comp. = more numerous than
רַב = abundant, enough
as adv. much, exceedingly
less oft. great
base
רַב 49 n.m. chief
base
H7227a רַב much, many, great . (oft. opp. מְעַט) . . much: of substances
. esp. of collectives, numerous
. pl. many
. רַב as subst. coll. pers.
. cstr. = abounding in
. + מִן comp. = more numerous than
. רַב = abundant, enough
. as adv. much, exceedingly
. less oft. great
H7227b רַב chief
7227 rab rab
by contracted from 7231; abundant (in quantity, size, age,
number, rank, quality):--(in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly),
captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man,
one), increase, long (enough, (time)), (do, have) many(-ifold,
things, a time), ((ship-))master, mighty, more, (too, very)
much, multiply(-tude), officer, often(-times), plenteous,
populous, prince, process (of time), suffice(-lent).
see HEBREW for 07231
רַב (rav) — many.
adj
1) much, many, great
1a) much
1b) many
1c) abounding in
1d) more numerous than
1e) abundant, enough
1f) great
1g) strong
1h) greater than
adv
1i) much, exceedingly
רַב (rav) — chief.
captain, chief
Aramaic equivalent: rav.re.van (רַבְרְבָן "noble" H7261)
רַב (rav) — (Sidon) the Great.
Combined with tsi.don (צִידוֹן "Sidon" H6721H)
§ captain, chief
Art | Adj — ParticleHTd/Aampa
pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…
כּוֹכָב (kowkab) means 'star' and is likely derived from a root related to rolling or blazing. It can refer to a literal star or figuratively to a prince or significant figure, including associations with the Messiah and God's omniscience.
כּוֹכָב n.m. star
base
H3556 כּוֹכָב star
3556 kowkab ko-kawb'
probably from the same as 3522 (in the sense of rolling) or
3554 (in the sense of blazing); a star (as round or as
shining); figuratively, a prince:--star((-gazer)).
see HEBREW for 03522
see HEBREW for 03554
כּוֹכָב (ko.khav) — star.
1) star
1a) of Messiah, brothers, youth, numerous progeny, personification, God's omniscience (fig.)
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHRd/Ncmpa
Stars
The eleven stars (Gen. 37:9); the seven (Amos 5:8); wandering (Jude 1:13); seen in the east at the birth of Christ, probably some luminous meteors miraculously formed for this specific purpose (Matt. 2:2-10); stars worshipped (Deut. 4:19; 2 Kings 17:16; 21:3; Jer. 19:13); spoken of symbolically (Num. 24:17; Rev. 1:16, 20; 12:1). (See ASTROLOGERS.)
עוֹלָם (owlam) refers to concepts of long duration, antiquity, and futurity, encompassing meanings like eternity and perpetual existence. It is derived from a root meaning 'concealed' or 'the vanishing point.' The term is used to describe both ancient times and an indefinite future, indicating continuity and everlastingness.
עוֹלָם 439 n.m. long duration, antiquity, futurity
base
H5769 עוֹלָם long duration, antiquity, futurity
5769 `owlam o-lawm'
or lolam {o-lawm'}; from 5956; properly, concealed, i.e. the
vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future),
i.e. (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial
(especially with prepositional prefix) always:--alway(-s),
ancient (time), any more, continuance, eternal, (for,
(n-))ever(-lasting, -more, of old), lasting, long (time), (of)
old (time), perpetual, at any time, (beginning of the) world
(+ without end). Compare 5331, 5703.
see HEBREW for 05956
see HEBREW for 05331
see HEBREW for 05703
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: enduring.
: enduring/eternal
1) long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world
1a) ancient time, long time (of past)
1b) (of future)
1b1) for ever, always
1b2) continuous existence, perpetual
1b3) everlasting, indefinite or unending future, eternity
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — Everlasting.
This name means long duration, everlasting, perpetual
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: any time.
: any_time
1) long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world
1a) ancient time, long time (of past)
1b) (of future)
1b1) for ever, always
1b2) continuous existence, perpetual
1b3) everlasting, indefinite or unending future, eternity
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: antiquity.
: old/ancient
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
עַד, transliterated as ad, refers to the concept of perpetuity, encompassing both past and future time. It signifies a duration that can imply eternity or continuous existence. The term is associated with ancient mountains in the context of the past and is used to denote the idea of forever in relation to the future, particularly in reference to God's existence.
עַד and וָעֶ֑ד (so alw.) n.m. perpetuity (= advancing time)
of past time: ancient mountains
of future time, לָעַד for ever
base
H5703 עַד, וָעֶ֑ד perpetuity . of past time: ancient mountains
. of future time, לָעַד for ever
5703 `ad ad
from 5710; properly, a (peremptory) terminus, i.e. (by
implication) duration, in the sense of advance or perpetuity
(substantially as a noun, either with or without a
preposition):--eternity, ever(- lasting, -more), old,
perpetually, + world without end.
see HEBREW for 05710
עַד (ad) — perpetuity.
1) perpetuity, for ever, continuing future
1a) ancient (of past time)
1b) for ever (of future time)
1b1) of continuous existence
1c) for ever (of God's existence)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa