Psalms 85:10 — Word Study
WLCחֶֽסֶד־ וֶאֱמֶ֥ת נִפְגָּ֑שׁוּ צֶ֖דֶק וְשָׁל֣וֹם נָשָֽׁקוּ׃
BSAsurelyʼak nearqârôwb afraidyârêʼ salvationyeshaʻ to dwellshâkan glorykâbôwd landʼerets
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| חֶֽסֶד־ | covenant loyalty | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וֶאֱמֶ֥ת | and faithfulness | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| נִפְגָּ֑שׁוּ | they meet together | Verb, Niphal, perfect third person common plural |
| צֶ֖דֶק | righteousness | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְשָׁל֣וֹם | and peace | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| נָשָֽׁקוּ׃ | they kiss | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Loving devotion and faithfulness have joined together; righteousness and peace have kissed. |
| KJV | Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other. |
| ASV | Mercy and truth are met together; Righteousness and peace have kissed each other. |
| YLT | Kindness and truth have met, Righteousness and peace have kissed, |
| WEB | Mercy and truth meet together. Righteousness and peace have kissed each other. |
| BBE | Mercy and faith have come together; righteousness and peace have given one another a kiss. |
The translations agree on the meaning of the key terms in this verse.
The verse consists of two main clauses that highlight the union of divine attributes.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbיָרֵא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 85:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Harmony of Divine Attributesgenerated
Psalm 85:10 describes a beautiful union of God's attributes: loving devotion and faithfulness are depicted as coming together, while righteousness and peace are shown as intimately connected. This verse highlights the nature of God's character as it relates to His people, emphasizing the harmony that exists within His divine qualities. It serves as a reminder of the blessings that arise from living in accordance with these attributes, as seen in the verses surrounding it.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 89:14 | Righteousness and justice are the foundation of Your throne; loving devotion and faithfulness go before You. |
| 2 | Psalm 100:5 | For the LORD is good, and His loving devotion endures forever; His faithfulness continues to all generations. |
| 3 | Exodus 34:6–7 | Then the LORD passed in front of Moses and called out: “The LORD, the LORD God, is compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, abounding in loving devotion and faithfulness, |
| 4 | Micah 7:20 | You will show faithfulness to Jacob and loving devotion to Abraham, as You swore to our fathers from the days of old. |
| 5 | Luke 1:54–55 | He has helped His servant Israel, remembering to be merciful, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חֶ֫סֶד, che.sedgenerated
The word חֶ֫סֶד (che.sed) refers to God's lovingkindness, often expressed through mercy and covenant loyalty. It encompasses kindness and goodness, particularly in the context of God's relationship with humanity. This noun is masculine singular and appears frequently in the Hebrew Bible, emphasizing God's enduring love and faithfulness.
In this verse, חֶ֫סֶד signifies the loving devotion that characterizes God's actions towards His people, highlighting the depth of His commitment and care. It is a foundational aspect of His nature, reflecting how He interacts with humanity.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations of this verse are consistent in conveying the essence of the Hebrew terms.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verbs נִפְגָּשׁוּ (they meet together) and נָשָֽׁקוּ (they kiss) govern the structure of the verse, linking the subjects of loving devotion and faithfulness with righteousness and peace. This structure emphasizes the relational aspect of these attributes.
The sentence is constructed with two main clauses, each highlighting a pair of divine qualities that come together, showcasing the interconnectedness of God's nature.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew word חֶ֫סֶד is rendered as πλὴν, which indicates a focus on the concept of mercy. This choice reflects an interpretation that emphasizes the compassionate aspect of God's character.
The translation of אֱמֶת as τῶν shows a more general reference to truth, which may broaden the understanding of faithfulness beyond the specific context of covenant loyalty.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 85:10 tells us that God's loving devotion and faithfulness come together, while righteousness and peace embrace each other. This verse illustrates the harmony and unity of God's character and how these qualities interact with one another.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
They represent God's unwavering kindness and reliability, showcasing His commitment to His people.
Righteousness signifies moral integrity and justice, while peace represents harmony and wholeness, indicating that true righteousness leads to peace.
These verbs illustrate the intimate relationship between God's attributes, suggesting that they are not just separate qualities but are deeply interconnected.
We can strive to embody loving devotion and faithfulness in our relationships, promoting righteousness and peace in our interactions with others.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I experienced God's loving devotion and faithfulness in my life?
- How can I cultivate righteousness and peace in my relationships with others?
- What does it mean for me to embrace the qualities of God's character as described in this verse?
- How can I share the message of God's lovingkindness and truth with those around me?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early interpretations of this verse highlight the unity of God's attributes. Augustine of Hippo discusses this in his exposition, emphasizing the meeting of mercy and truth.
"Mercy and truth have met together" [Psalms 85:10]. "Truth in our land," in a Jewish person, "mercy" in the land of the Gentiles.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 85 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 85:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleMercy and truth are met together,.... Or "grace and truth" (p), which are in Christ, and come by him; and so may be said to meet in him, the glorious Person, the Author of salvation, before
Read John Gill on Psalms 85 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryMercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other. Mercy and truth are met together.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 85 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThis is to be understood, either, 1. Of these graces or virtues in men. So the sense is, When that blessed time shall come, those virtues which now seem to be banished from human societies shall be restored, and there shall be a happy conjunction of mercy, or benignity; truth, or veracity; righteousness, or faithfulness; and peace, or peaceableness and concord. Or rather, 2. Of the blessings of God, of which the whole context speaks. And the sense is, That great work of redemption by Christ shall clearly manifest and demonstrate God’ s mercy in redeeming his people of Israel, and in the calling and conversion of the Gentiles; his truth, in fulfilling that great promise of the sending of his…
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 85 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 85:10 Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed [each other].Ver. 10. Mercy and truth are met together] As in God (his mercy is ever bounded by his truth), so in all his people, there is a sweet conjunction and concatenation of graces, 2 Peter 1:5; and this is an effect of Christ’ s kingdom in men’ s hearts, Romans 14:17, Iam fides et pax, et honor pudorque Priscus, et neglecta redire virtus Audet; apparetque beata pleno Copia cornu (Horat.). Righteousness and peace have kissed each other] Have friendly saluted, in allusion to the manner of the Eastern nations. See Isaiah 32:17 Psalms 119:105.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 85 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(10) Met together.—The word is used of those who should be friends, but whom circumstances have sundered (Proverbs 22:2).
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 85 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 10. Mercy and truth are met together] It would be more simple to translate the original,- חסד ואמת נפגשו צדק ושלום נשקו Chesed veemeth niphgashu; Tsedek veshalom nashaku,-- "Mercy and truth have met on the way Righteousness and peace have embraced." This is a remarkable text, and much has been said on it: but there is a beauty in it which, I think, has not been noticed. Mercy and peace are on one side; truth and righteousness on the other. Truth requires righteousness; mercy calls for peace. They meet together on the way; one going to make inquisition for sin, the other to plead for reconciliation. Having met, their differences on certain considerations, not here particularly…
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 85 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10. Does this verse speak of the divine attributes which conspire together in the work of salvation, or of the human virtues which will characterise the new community? Primarily of the former. God’s lovingkindness and truth—the love which moved Him to enter into covenant with Israel, and the faithfulness which binds Him to be true to His covenant—meet in Israel’s redemption. Righteousness and peace greet one another with joyous welcome. Jehovah is a righteous God and therefore a Saviour (Isaiah 45:21). Because salvation is His eternal purpose and He cannot change His purpose, therefore He reconciles His people to Himself. For lovingkindness and truth as attributes of God—often as here…
Read Cambridge on Psalms 85 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleMercy and truth are met together - That is, in the divine dealings referred to in the psalm.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 85 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Loving devotion and faithfulness have joined together; righteousness and peace have kissed.
Mercy and truth meet together. Righteousness and peace have kissed each other.
Loving devotion and faithfulness have joined together; righteousness and peace have kissed.
Loyal love and faithfulness meet; deliverance and peace greet each other with a kiss.
Tyndale line
Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other.
Mercy and truth are met together; Righteousness and peace have kissed each other.
Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other.
Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other .
Mercie and trueth shall meete: righteousnes and peace shall kisse one another.
Strictly literal
Loving-kindness and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other:
Kindness and truth have met, Righteousness and peace have kissed,
Kindness and truth have met, || Righteousness and peace have kissed,
(85:11) Kindness and truth are met together: righteousness and peace kiss each other.
Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness have met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other.
From the Latin
For thou art great and dost wonderful things: thou art God alone.
Simplified
Trustworthiness and faithful love join together; goodness and peace have kissed each other.
Mercy and faith have come together; righteousness and peace have given one another a kiss.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text of Psalms 85:10 reads, "חֶֽסֶד־ וֶאֱמֶ֥ת נִפְגָּ֑שׁוּ צֶ֖דֶק וְשָׁל֣וֹם נָשָֽׁקוּ׃" which translates to "Loving devotion and faithfulness have joined together; righteousness and peace have kissed." The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in that all six words correspond directly, although the word order and articles differ as per its own structure. There are no significant differences in the meaning or content of this verse among the witnesses, indicating a strong consistency in the text across these ancient sources.
חֶֽסֶד־ וֶאֱמֶ֥ת נִפְגָּ֑שׁוּ צֶ֖דֶק וְשָׁל֣וֹם נָשָֽׁקוּ׃
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 85:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
חֶ֫סֶד (che.sed) primarily means kindness or goodness, often referring to the kindness of people towards one another, especially towards the needy. It can also denote God's lovingkindness and mercy. Additionally, it has a secondary meaning of shame or reproach. The entries reflect a range of uses, from human interactions to divine attributes.
חֶ֫סֶד 247 n.m. goodness, kindness
of man:
kindness of men toward men, in doing favours and benefits
kindness (especially as extended to the lowly, needy and miserable), mercy
(rarely) affection of Isr. to י׳, love to God, piety
lovely appearance
of God: kindness, lovingkindness in condescending to the needs of his creatures.
base
חֶ֫סֶד n.m. shame, reproach
base
H2617a חֶ֫סֶד goodness, kindness . of man: . kindness of men toward men, in doing favours and benefits
. kindness (especially as extended to the lowly, needy and miserable), mercy
. (rarely) affection of Isr. to י׳, love to God, piety
. lovely appearance
. of God: kindness, lovingkindness in condescending to the needs of his creatures.
H2617b חֶ֫סֶד shame, reproach
2617 checed kheh'-sed
from 2616; kindness; by implication (towards God) piety:
rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty:--favour,
good deed(-liness, -ness), kindly, (loving-)kindness, merciful
(kindness), mercy, pity, reproach, wicked thing.
see HEBREW for 02616
חֶ֫סֶד (che.sed) — kindness.
goodness, kindness, faithfulness
חֶ֫סֶד (che.sed) — shame.
a reproach, shame
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
אֱמֶת (emeth) encompasses concepts of firmness, faithfulness, and truth. It signifies reliability and stability, often in the context of ethical or religious knowledge. The word can also function as an adverb meaning 'in truth' or 'truly.' There is a consistent emphasis on its meanings related to certainty and trustworthiness across the entries.
אֱמֶת n.f. firmness, faithfulness
reliability, sureness
stability, continuance
faithfulness, reliableness
truth
adv. in truth, truly
base
H571 אֱמֶת firmness, faithfulness . reliability, sureness
. stability, continuance
. faithfulness, reliableness
. truth
. adv. in truth, truly
571 'emeth eh'-meth
contracted from 539; stability; (figuratively) certainty,
truth, trustworthiness:--assured(-ly), establishment,
faithful, right, sure, true (-ly, -th), verity.
see HEBREW for 0539
אֱמֶת (e.met) — truth: faithful.
: faithful
1) firmness, faithfulness, truth
1a) sureness, reliability
1b) stability, continuance
1c) faithfulness, reliableness
1d) truth
1d1) as spoken
1d2) of testimony and judgment
1d3) of divine instruction
1d4) truth as a body of ethical or religious knowledge
1d5) true doctrine
adv
2) in truth, truly
אֱמֶת (e.met) — truth: true.
: true
1) firmness, faithfulness, truth
1a) sureness, reliability
1b) stability, continuance
1c) faithfulness, reliableness
1d) truth
1d1) as spoken
1d2) of testimony and judgment
1d3) of divine instruction
1d4) truth as a body of ethical or religious knowledge
1d5) true doctrine
adv
2) in truth, truly
אֱמֶת (e.met) — truth: certain.
: certain/fixed
1) firmness, faithfulness, truth
1a) sureness, reliability
1b) stability, continuance
1c) faithfulness, reliableness
1d) truth
1d1) as spoken
1d2) of testimony and judgment
HC/Ncfsa — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Ncfsa
An infinite attribute of Jehovah; adapted to make perfect both the confidence of those who believe his word and rely on his promises, and the despair of those who doubt his word and defy his threatenings, De 28:26 Nu 23:19 Ps 89:33-34 Heb 10:23.
→ EXHORTATION TO Ps 12:1; 31:23; Pr 20:6; 28:20; Mt 10:22; 24:45-47; 25:14-23; Lu 12:42-44; 16:10-12; 19:12-27; 1Co 4:2; Re 2:10
See OBEDIENCE, EXHORTATION TO
See PERSEVERANCE
See MINISTERS, FAITHFUL
See REPROOF, FAITHFULNESS IN
→ INSTANCES OF
Abraham Ga 3:9
Moses Heb 3:5
David 2Sa 22:22-25
Elijah 1Ki 19:10,14
פָּגַשׁ (pagash) is a Hebrew verb meaning to meet or encounter. It can describe various forms of meeting, whether by chance or intention, and includes nuances of coming together or joining. The entries indicate its use in different grammatical forms, such as Qal (to meet) and Niphal (to meet each other).
[פָּגַשׁ] vb. meet, encounter
Qal meet
Niph. meet together, each other
Pi. intens. they keep encountering darkness in the daytime.
base
H6298 [פָּגַשׁ] meet, encounter
6298 pagash paw-gash'
a primitive root; to come in contact with, whether by
accident or violence; figuratively, to concur:--meet (with,
together).
פָּגַשׁ (pa.gash) — to meet.
1) to meet, join, encounter
1a) (Qal) to meet, encounter
1b) (Niphal) to meet together, meet each other
1c) (Piel) to meet, encounter
HVNp3cp — Verb · Niphal · perfect third person common pluralHVNp3cp
צֶ֫דֶק (tsedeq) refers to concepts of rightness and righteousness, encompassing moral, legal, and natural dimensions. It includes justice in governance, ethical correctness, and vindication in disputes. The term also suggests prosperity and deliverance, particularly in relation to God's covenant and the Messianic king. The entries consistently emphasize its broad application in both personal and societal contexts.
צֶ֫דֶק n.m. rightness, righteousness
what is right, just, normal; rightness, justness, of weights and measures
righteousness, in government
righteousness, justice, in a case or cause
rightness, in speech
righteousness, as ethically right
righteousness, as vindicated, justification in controversy with enemies and troubles, deliverance, victory, prosperity
base
H6664 צֶ֫דֶק rightness, righteousness . what is right, just, normal; rightness, justness, of weights and measures
. righteousness, in government
. righteousness, justice, in a case or cause
. rightness, in speech
. righteousness, as ethically right
. righteousness, as vindicated, justification in controversy with enemies and troubles, deliverance, victory, prosperity
6664 tsedeq tseh'-dek
from 6663; the right (natural, moral or legal); also
(abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity:--X even, (X
that which is altogether) just(-ice), ((un-))right(-eous)
(cause, -ly, - ness).
see HEBREW for 06663
צֶ֫דֶק (tse.deq) — righteousness.
1) justice, rightness, righteousness
1a) what is right or just or normal, rightness, justness (of weights and measures)
1b) righteousness (in government)
1b1) of judges, rulers, kings
1b2) of law
1b3) of Davidic king, Messiah
1b4) of Jerusalem as seat of just government
1b5) of God's attribute
1c) righteousness, justice (in case or cause)
1d) rightness (in speech)
1e) righteousness (as ethically right)
1f) righteousness (as vindicated), justification (in controversy), deliverance, victory, prosperity
1f1) of God as covenant-keeping in redemption
1f2) in name of Messianic king
1f3) of people enjoying salvation
1f4) of Cyrus
צֶ֫דֶק (tse.deq) — Righteousness.
This name means justice, righteousness
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
ri'-chus-nes (tsaddiq, adjective, "righteous," or occasionally "just" tsedheq, noun, occasionally = "riahteousness," occasionally = "justice"; dikaios, adjective, dikaiosune, noun, from dike, whose first meaning seems to have been "custom"; the general use suggested conformity to a standard: righteousness, "the state of him who is such as he ought to be" (Thayer)):
1. Double Aspect of Righteousness: Changing and Permanent
2. Social Customs and Righteousness
3. Changing Conception of Character of God: Obligations of Power
4. Righteousness as Inner
5. Righteousness as Social
6. Righteousness as Expanding in Content with Growth in Ideals of Human Worth
LITERATURE
1. Double Aspect of Righteousness: Changing and Permanent:
In Christian thought the idea of righteousness contains both a permanent and a changing element. The fixed element is the will to do right; the changing factor is the conception of…
Righteousness
See JUSTIFICATION.
Rectitude, justice, holiness; an essential perfection of God’s character, Job 36:3; Isa 51:5-8; Joh 17:25; and of his administration, Ge 18:25; Ro 3:21,22; 10:3. It is the wonder of grace that as the righteous guardian of the law, he can acquit the unrighteous. "The righteousness of Christ" includes his spotless holiness, his perfect obedience the law demands; and "the righteousness of faith" is that imputed to the sinner who believes in Christ. With reference to personal character, righteousness is used both for uprightness between man and man, and for true religion,
שָׁלוֹם (shalom) conveys a range of meanings including completeness, soundness, welfare, and peace. It can refer to physical safety and health, as well as emotional states like tranquility and friendship, particularly in human relationships and with God. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to be complete' and is used in various contexts, including greetings.
שָׁלוֹם 237 n.m. completeness, soundness, welfare, peace
completeness in no.
safety, soundness, in body
welfare, health, prosperity
peace, quiet, tranquility, contentment
peace, friendship
peace from war
as adj. those at peace with him
base
H7965 שָׁלוֹם completeness, soundness, welfare, peace
7965 shalowm shaw-lome'
or shalom {shaw-lome'}; from 7999; safe, i.e. (figuratively)
well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e. health,
prosperity, peace:--X do, familiar, X fare, favour, + friend,
X great, (good) health, (X perfect, such as be at)
peace(-able, -ably), prosper(-ity, -ous), rest, safe(-ty),
salute, welfare, (X all is, be) well, X wholly.
see HEBREW for 07999
שָׁלוֹם (sha.lom) — peace.
: peace
1) completeness, soundness, welfare, peace
1a) completeness (in number)
1b) safety, soundness (in body)
1c) welfare, health, prosperity
1d) peace, quiet, tranquillity, contentment
1e) peace, friendship
1e1) of human relationships
1e2) with God especially in covenant relationship
1f) peace (from war)
1g) peace (as adjective)
שָׁלוֹם (ye.ho.vah sha.lom) — Peace.
This name means completeness, peace
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
שָׁלוֹם (sha.lom) — peace: well-being.
: well-being
1) completeness, soundness, welfare, peace
1a) completeness (in number)
1b) safety, soundness (in body)
1c) welfare, health, prosperity
1d) peace, quiet, tranquillity, contentment
1e) peace, friendship
1e1) of human relationships
1e2) with God especially in covenant relationship
1f) peace (from war)
1g) peace (as adjective)
HC/Ncmsa — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
pes (shalom; eirene):
1. In the Old Testament:
Is a condition of freedom from disturbance, whether outwardly, as of a nation from war or enemies, or inwardly, within the soul. The Hebrew word is shalom (both adjective and substantive), meaning, primarily, "soundness," "health," but coming also to signify "prosperity," well-being in general, all good in relation to both man and God. In early times, to a people harassed by foes, peace was the primary blessing. In Ps 122:7, we have "peace" and "prosperity," and in 35:27; 73:3, shalom is translated "prosperity." In 2Sa 11:7 the King James Version, David asked of Uriah "how Joab did" (margin "of the peace of Joab"), "and how the people did (the Revised Version (British and American) "fared," literally, "of the peace of the people"), and…
נָשַׁק (nashaq) primarily means 'to kiss,' with various forms indicating gentle touching or equipping with weapons. The exact meaning can be uncertain, possibly extending to handling or being equipped. It appears in contexts related to affection and attachment, as well as in descriptions of armed individuals.
נָשַׁק vb. kiss
Qal kiss
Pi. kiss
Hiph. of wings of cherubim, gently touching each other
base
[נָשַׁק] vb. exact meaning uncertain; prob. either handle or be equiped with
base
H5401a נָשַׁק kiss H5401b נָשַׁק exact meaning uncertain; prob. either handle or be equiped with
5401 nashaq naw-shak'
a primitive root (identical with 5400, through the idea of
fastening up; compare 2388, 2836); to kiss, literally or
figuratively (touch); also (as a mode of attachment), to equip
with weapons:--armed (men), rule, kiss, that touched.
see HEBREW for 05400
see HEBREW for 02388
see HEBREW for 02836
נָשַׁק (na.shaq) — to kiss.
1) to put together, kiss
1a) (Qal) to kiss
1b) (Piel) to kiss
1c) (Hiphil) to touch gently
נָשַׁק (na.shaq) — to handle.
1) to handle, be equipped with
1a) (Qal) to be equipped
HVqp3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
(nashaq; phileo, kataphilo, philema): The kiss is common in eastern lands in salutation, etc., on the cheek, the forehead, the beard, the hands, the feet, but not (in Pal) the lips (Cheyne, E B, under the word "Salutations"). In the Bible there is no sure instance of the kiss in ordinary salutation. We have in the Old Testament naschaq, "to kiss," used
(1) of relatives (which seems the origin of the practice of kissing; compare So 8:1, "Oh that thou wert as my brother .... I would kiss thee; yea, and none would despise me"); Ge 27:26,27 (Isaac and Jacob); 29:11 (Jacob and Rachel); 33:4 (Esau and Jacob); 45:15 (Joseph and his brethren); 48:10 (Jacob and Joseph's sons); 50:1 (Joseph and his father); Ex 4:27 (Aaron and Moses); 18:7…
Kiss
Of affection (Gen. 27:26, 27; 29:13; Luke 7:38, 45); reconciliation (Gen. 33:4; 2 Sam. 14:33); leave-taking (Gen. 31:28,55; Ruth 1:14; 2 Sam. 19:39); homage (Ps. 2:12; 1 Sam. 10:1); spoken of as between parents and children (Gen. 27:26; 31:28, 55; 48:10; 50:1; Ex. 18:7;
Kissing the lips by way of affectionate salutation was customary among near relatives of both sexes, in both patriarchal and later times. (Genesis 29:11; Solomon 8:1) Between individuals of the same sex, and in a limited degree between those of different sexes, the kiss on the cheek as a mark of respect or an act of salutation has at all times been customary in the East, and can hardly be said to be extinct even in Europe. In the Christian Church the kiss of charity was practiced not only as a friendly salutation, but as an act symbolical of love and Christian brotherhood. (Romans 16:16; 1 Corinthians 16:20; 2 Corinthians 13:12;
This salutation was customary in the East, to express regard and reverence, as well as affection, Gen 29.13; Ru 1.14; Acts 20.37. Sometimes the beard was kissed, 2Sa 20:9; and in token of humble affection, the feet, Lu 7:38. Images and the heavenly bodies were worshipped by kissing the hand towards them, 1Ki 19:18 Job 31:27 Ho 13:2. The expression, "Kiss the Son," Ps 2:12, may be illustrated by 1Sa 10:1, where king Saul receives the kiss of allegiance from Samuel. This salutation being customary in those days…