Isaiah 33:14 — Word Study
WLCפָּחֲד֤וּ בְצִיּוֹן֙ חַטָּאִ֔ים אָחֲזָ֥ה רְעָדָ֖ה חֲנֵפִ֑ים מִ֣י׀ יָג֣וּר לָ֗נוּ אֵ֚שׁ אוֹכֵלָ֔ה מִי־ יָג֥וּר לָ֖נוּ מוֹקְדֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם׃
BSAThe sinnerschaṭṭâʼ [those who have committed crimes or offenses] in ZionTsîyôwn [a mountain in Jerusalem, often used as another name for the city] are afraidpâchad■ [to dread, feeling fear or dread] tremblingraʻad [a state of trembling or quaking, often caused by fear or anxiety] gripsʼâchaz■ the ungodlychânêph [hypocritical and godless] Whomîy can dwell withgûwr▸ [to sojourn, to fear or dread something] a consumingʼâkal [devouring, eating] fireʼêsh [burning, flame] Whomîy can dwell withgûwr▸ everlastingʻôwlâm [forever, always, describing something that lasts an eternity] flamesmôwqêd [burning, a large fire or a burning mass of material]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| פָּחֲד֤וּ | they are in dread | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| בְצִיּוֹן֙ | in Zion | Preposition, noun proper |
| חַטָּאִ֔ים | sinners | Adj |
| אָחֲזָ֥ה | it has seized | Verb, Qal, perfect third person feminine singular |
| רְעָדָ֖ה | trembling | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| חֲנֵפִ֑ים | godless [people] | Adj |
| מִ֣י׀ | who? | Pronoun |
| יָג֣וּר | will he sojourn | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| לָ֗נוּ | of us | Preposition, suffix |
| אֵ֚שׁ | a fire | Noun common, both singular construct |
| אוֹכֵלָ֔ה | consuming | Verb, Qal, participle (active) feminine singular |
| מִי־ | who? | Pronoun |
| יָג֥וּר | will he sojourn | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| לָ֖נוּ | of us | Preposition, suffix |
| מוֹקְדֵ֥י | hearths of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| עוֹלָֽם׃ | perpetuity | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The sinners in Zion are afraid; trembling grips the ungodly: “Who of us can dwell with a consuming fire? Who of us can dwell with everlasting flames?” |
| KJV | The sinners in Zion are afraid; fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? who among us shall dwell with everlasting burnings? |
| ASV | The sinners in Zion are afraid; trembling hath seized the godless ones: Who among us can dwell with the devouring fire? who among us can dwell with everlasting burnings? |
| YLT | Afraid in Zion have been sinners, Seized hath trembling the profane: Who doth dwell for us — consuming fire, Who doth dwell for us — burnings of the age? |
| WEB | The sinners in Zion are afraid. Trembling has seized the godless ones. Who among us can live with the devouring fire? Who among us can live with everlasting burning? |
| BBE | The sinners in Zion are full of fear; the haters of God are shaking with wonder. Who among us may keep his place before the burning fire? who among us may see the eternal burnings? |
Where they part company is in the interpretation of the consuming fire, but the core idea remains consistent.
The main clause presents the fear of the sinners, supported by participial and rhetorical questions that deepen the impact of their dread.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectחַטָּא
verbפָּחַד
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 33:14
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Fear of Judgmentgenerated
Isaiah 33:14 describes the fear that grips the sinners in Zion, highlighting their awareness of God's holiness and the consuming nature of His judgment. This verse serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of sin and the need for righteousness before a holy God. The surrounding verses emphasize the contrast between the ungodly and those who walk righteously, underscoring the urgency of repentance and the seriousness of divine judgment.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 7:2 | When it was reported to the house of David that Aram was in league with Ephraim, the hearts of Ahaz and his people trembled like trees in the forest shaken by the wind. |
| 2 | Isaiah 28:14–15 | Therefore hear the word of the LORD, O scoffers who rule this people in Jerusalem. |
| 3 | Isaiah 29:13 | Therefore the Lord said: “These people draw near to Me with their mouths and honor Me with their lips, but their hearts are far from Me. Their worship of Me is but rules taught by men. |
| 4 | Isaiah 30:8–11 | Go now, write it on a tablet in their presence and inscribe it on a scroll; it will be for the days to come, a witness forever and ever. |
| 5 | Numbers 17:12–13 | Then the Israelites declared to Moses, “Look, we are perishing! We are lost; we are all lost! |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 33 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חַטָּאִ֔ים, cha.ta.'Imgenerated
The word חַטָּאִ֔ים (cha.ta.'Im) refers to those who have sinned or committed offenses, indicating a state of guilt. It is derived from a root meaning to miss the mark, and it encompasses the idea of moral failure before God.
In this verse, it highlights the sinners' fear in Zion, emphasizing their awareness of their sinful state in the presence of God's consuming fire. The term evokes a sense of urgency and recognition of the need for atonement.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the rendering of חַטָּאִ֔ים as sinners, consistently conveying the same meaning across versions.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb אָחֲזָ֥ה, it has seized, governs the structure of the verse, with multiple clauses detailing the subjects and their actions. The arrangement emphasizes the fear gripping the ungodly in Zion, leading to the rhetorical questions posed.
The sentence structure highlights the sinners' fear and the subsequent inquiry about who can endure God's judgment, creating a powerful rhetorical effect.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates חַטָּאִ֔ים as ἄνομοι (anomoí), which means 'lawless ones.' This choice broadens the scope of the term, emphasizing not just sinfulness but also a disregard for divine law.
This interpretation suggests a deeper condemnation of the ungodly, framing their fear in the context of their rebellion against God's commandments.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 33:14 tells us that the sinners in Zion are afraid, gripped by trembling as they contemplate God's consuming fire. They question who among them can endure such judgment, reflecting their awareness of the consequences of sin and the holiness of God.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
A 'sinner' refers to someone who has violated God's laws and is thus guilty before Him, as highlighted in this verse.
They are afraid because they recognize the consuming nature of God's judgment and their unworthiness to stand before Him.
The consuming fire symbolizes God's holiness and judgment, representing the purifying and destructive power of His presence.
The verse contrasts the fear of the ungodly with the hope of the righteous, emphasizing the need for a right relationship with God.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How does understanding the fear of God influence my daily life and choices?
- In what ways can I ensure that I am living righteously before God?
- What does it mean for me to dwell in the presence of God, and how can I prepare for that?
- How can I help others understand the seriousness of sin and the need for repentance?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church writers referenced this verse to discuss themes of judgment and righteousness, highlighting its relevance in their theological arguments.
The Scripture itself … expressly distinguishes between Abraham’s bosom, where the poor man dwells, and the infernal place of torment. “Hell” (I take it) means one thing, and “Abraham’s bosom” another.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 33 →
“He looked upon them, and the nations shook and the mountains quickly scattered.” The sight of the Lord shattered what was hardened and melted what was tightly compact, so that the truth expressed by Isaiah might be evident,Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 33 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 33:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe sinners in Zion are afraid, and fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites,.... Meaning not persons of such a character that dwelt in Jerusalem, who had the guise and form of religion, and not the
Read John Gill on Isaiah 33 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe sinners in Zion are afraid; fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Who among us shall dwell with The sinners in Zion are afraid; fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire?
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 33 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe sinners in Zion are afraid: this is spoken, not of the Assyrians, as some would have it, but of the Jews, as appears both from the words themselves, and from the following verses. The prophet having foretold the deliverance of God’ s people, and the destruction of their enemies, , for the greater illustration of that wonderful mercy, here returns to the description, and gives a lively representation of the dismal and frightful condition in which the Jews, especially such of them as were ungodly and unbelieving, were before this deliverance came. Although the godly Jews were, in some measure, supported by the sense of God’ s favour, and by God’ s promises delivered to them by Isaiah; yet…
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 33 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 33:14 The sinners in Zion are afraid; fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? who among us shall dwell with everlasting burnings?Ver. 14. The sinners in Zion are afraid.] At the invasion of the Assyrian. Those that formerly fleared and jeered God’ s prophets and their menaces, now fear and are crest fallen, ready to run into an auger hole, as we say. It is as natural for guilt to breed fear and disquiet, as for putrid matter to breed vermin. Sinners, especially those in Zion, where they might be better, and are therefore the worse a great deal, have galled consciences, and want faith to fortify their hearts against the fear of…
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 33 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 14. The sinners in Zion are afraid] Zion has been generally considered as a type of the Church of God. Now all the members of God's Church should be holy, and given to good works; sinners in Zion, therefore, are portentous beings! but, alas! where are they not? The Targum on this verse is worthy of notice: "The sinners in Zion are broken down; fear hath seized the ungodly, who are suffering for their ways. They say, Who among us shall dwell in Zion, where the splendour of the Divine Majesty is like a consuming fire? Who of us shall dwell in Jerusalem, where the ungodly are judged and delivered into hell for an eternal burning?" Everdurynge brennyngis. Old MS. Bible.
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 33 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges14–16. Being thus assured of a speedy answer to his prayers, the writer proceeds, in language of great force and beauty, to describe the moral effect on the Jewish people.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 33 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe sinners in Zion are afraid - This verse is evidently designed to describe the alarm that was produced in Jerusalem on impenitent sinners and hypocrites by a view of the judgment of God on the army of Sennacherib.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 33 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible13-16. And then, as if this judgment were accomplished, the prophet turns to the sinners by whom himself, as counsellor to the pious king, has been so long baffled in Jerusalem.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 33 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The sinners in Zion are afraid; trembling grips the ungodly: “Who of us can dwell with a consuming fire? Who of us can dwell with everlasting flames?”
The sinners in Zion are afraid. Trembling has seized the godless ones. Who among us can live with the devouring fire? Who among us can live with everlasting burning?
The sinners in Zion are afraid; trembling grips the ungodly: “Who of us can dwell with a consuming fire? Who of us can dwell with everlasting flames?”
Sinners are afraid in Zion; panic grips the godless. They say, ‘Who among us can coexist with destructive fire? Who among us can coexist with unquenchable fire?’
Tyndale line
The sinners in Zion are afraid; fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? who among us shall dwell with everlasting burnings?
The sinners in Zion are afraid; trembling hath seized the godless ones: Who among us can dwell with the devouring fire? who among us can dwell with everlasting burnings?
The sinners in Zion are afraid; trembling hath surprised the godless ones. Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? who among us shall dwell with everlasting burnings?
The sinners in Zion are afraid; fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? who among us shall dwell with everlasting burnings?
The sinners in Zion are afraide: a feare is come vpon the hypocrites: who among vs shall dwel with the deuouring fire? who among vs shall dwell with the euerlasting burnings?
Strictly literal
The sinners in Zion are afraid; trembling hath surprised the hypocrites: Who among us shall dwell with the consuming fire? who among us shall dwell with everlasting flames?
Afraid in Zion have been sinners, Seized hath trembling the profane: Who doth dwell for us — consuming fire, Who doth dwell for us — burnings of the age?
Sinners have been afraid in Zion, || Trembling has seized the profane: Who dwells for us—consuming fire, || Who dwells for us—burnings of the age?
In Zion sinners are in dread; trembling hath seized on hypocrites. “Who among us shall abide with the devouring fire? who among us shall abide with everlasting burnings?”
The sinners in Zion are afraid; trembling has seized the godless ones. Who among us can sojourn with a raging fire? Who among us can sojourn with everlasting burnings?
From the Latin
The sinners in Sion are afraid, trembling hath seized upon the hypocrites. Which of you can dwell with devouring fire? which of you shall dwell with everlasting burnings?
Simplified
The sinners who live in Zion tremble with fear; those who are irreligious are overcome with terror. They ask, “Who can live with this fire that consumes everything? Who can live among such everlasting burning?”
The sinners in Zion are full of fear; the haters of God are shaking with wonder. Who among us may keep his place before the burning fire? who among us may see the eternal burnings?
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text aligns with the Dead Sea Scrolls in wording, confirming the integrity of the phrase. The Septuagint matches 13 of the 16 words, indicating a close relationship between the texts, although its word order differs.
פָּחֲד֤וּ בְצִיּוֹן֙ חַטָּאִ֔ים אָחֲזָ֥ה רְעָדָ֖ה חֲנֵפִ֑ים מִ֣י׀ יָג֣וּר לָ֗נוּ אֵ֚שׁ אוֹכֵלָ֔ה מִי־ יָג֥וּר לָ֖נוּ מוֹקְדֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם׃
13 of the 16 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
פחדו בציון חטאים אחזה רעדה חנפים מי יגור ל׳נו אש אוכלה מי יגור ל׳נו מוקדי עולם
16 words on the leather.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 33:14
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
פָּחַד (pachad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to dread or fear. It encompasses being startled or filled with awe, with various forms indicating different intensities of dread. The root conveys a sense of alarm and reverence, appearing in contexts that evoke both fear and respect.
פָּחַד vb. dread, be in dread, in awe
Qal
be in dread
be in awe
Pi. be in great dread
Hiph. filled my bones with dread
base
H6342 פָּחַד dread, be in dread, in awe
6342 pachad paw-kkad'
a primitive root; to be startled (by a sudden alarm); hence,
to fear in general:--be afraid, stand in awe, (be in) fear,
make to shake.
פָּחַד (pa.chad) — to dread.
1) to fear, tremble, revere, dread, be in awe or dread
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be in dread
1a2) to be in awe
1b) (Piel) to be in great dread
1c) (Hiphil) to cause to dread
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
צִיּוֹן (Tsiyyôn) refers to Zion, often identified as a mountain in Jerusalem and a symbolic name for the city itself, particularly in prophetic contexts. The term is linked to the Hebrew word for Jerusalem and is noted for meaning 'parched place.' It is consistently recognized across lexicons as a proper noun.
צִיּוֹן 154 n.pr.loc. Ṣiyyôn, Zion
base
H6726 צִיּוֹן Ṣiyyôn, Zion
6726 Tsiyown tsee-yone'
the same (regularly) as 6725; Tsijon (as a permanent
capital), a mountain of Jerusalem:--Zion.
see HEBREW for 06725
צִיּוֹן (tsiy.yon) — Zion.
Zion = "parched place"
another name for Jerusalem especially in the prophetic books
Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
zi'-on (tsiyon; Sion):
1. Meaning of the Word
2. The Zion of the Jebusites
3. Zion of the Prophets
4. Zion in Later Poetical Writings and Apocrypha
5. Omission of Name by Some Writers
6. The Name "Zion" in Christian Times
LITERATURE
1. Meaning of the Word:
A name applied to Jerusalem, or to certain parts of it, at least since the time of David. Nothing certain is known of the meaning. Gesenius and others have derived it from a Hebrew root tsahah, "to be dry"; Delitzsch from tsiwwah, "to set up" and Wetzstein from tsin, "to protect." Gesenius finds a more hopeful suggestion in the Arabic equivalent cihw, the Arabic cahwat signifying "ridge of a mountain" or "citadel," which at any rate suitably applies to what we know to have been the original Zion (compare Smith, HGHL, under the word).
Zion
Sunny; height, one of the eminences on which Jerusalem was built. It was surrounded on all sides, except the north, by deep valleys, that of the Tyropoeon (q.v.) separating it from Moriah (q.v.), which it surpasses in height by 105 feet. It was the south-eastern hill of Jerusalem.
When David took it from the Jebusites (Josh. 15:63; 2 Sam. 5:7) he built on it a citadel and a palace, and it became “the city of David” (1 Kings 8:1; 2 Kings 19:21, 31; 1 Chr. 11:5). In the later books of the Old Testament this name was sometimes used (Ps. 87:2; 149:2;
[JERUSALEM]
monument; raised up; sepulcher
חַטָּא (chatta') refers to someone who is sinful or a sinner, indicating a state of being guilty or condemned. It is derived from a root meaning to miss the mark or err. The entries consistently describe this term as relating to offenders and those exposed to condemnation.
[חַטָּא] adj. and n.m. 1. sinful. 2. sinners
base
H2400 חַטָּא 1. sinful. 2. sinners
2400 chatta' khat-taw'
intensively from 2398; a criminal, or one accounted
guilty:--offender, sinful, sinner.
see HEBREW for 02398
חַטָּא (chat.ta) — sinner.
1) sinners
adj
2) sinful
3) exposed to condemnation, reckoned as offenders
Adj — AdjHAampa
The Hebrew word אָחַז (achaz) means to grasp, take hold of, or seize. It has various forms, including Qal (to grasp), Niphal (to be caught), Piel (to enclose), and Hophal (to be fastened). The entries highlight its use in contexts of possession and holding, but do not provide specific verse references.
אָחַז 68 vb. grasp, take hold of, take possession
Qal grasp, take hold of
Niph. be caught
Pi. enclose, overlay
Hoph. fastened
base
H270 אָחַז grasp, take hold of, take possession .grasp, take hold of
. be caught
. enclose, overlay
270 'achaz aw-khaz'
a primitive root; to seize (often with the accessory idea of
holding in possession):--+ be affrighted, bar, (catch, lay,
take) hold (back), come upon, fasten, handle, portion, (get,
have or take) possess(-ion).
אָחַז (a.chaz) — to grasp.
1) grasp, take hold, seize, take possession
1a) (Qal) to grasp, take hold of
1b) (Niphal) to be caught, grasped, be settled
1c) (Piel) to enclose, overlay
1d) (Hophal) fastened
V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singularHVqp3fs
רַ֫עַד (ra'ad) means 'trembling' and is closely related to רְעַדָה (re'adah), which also means 'trembling.' Both forms derive from the same root, indicating a sense of shuddering or fear. The entries consistently emphasize this meaning without significant disagreement.
רַ֫עַד n.m. trembling
base
רְעַדָה n.f. id. [t.dj.ab]
base
H7461a רַ֫עַד trembling H7461b רְעַדָה id. [7461a]
7461 ra`ad rah'-ad
or (feminine) radah {reh-aw-daw'}; from 7460; a
shudder:--trembling.
see HEBREW for 07460
רַ֫עַד (ra.ad) — trembling.
trembling
Another spelling of re.a.dah (רְעַדָה "trembling" H7461B)
רְעַדָה (re.a.dah) — trembling.
trembling
Also means: ra.ad (רַ֫עַד "trembling" H7461A)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
חָנֵף (chaneph) refers to someone who is profane or irreligious, often implying a sense of being hypocritical or morally soiled by sin. The term is consistently associated with a lack of piety and is used in contexts that highlight its negative connotations.
חָנֵף adj. profane, irreligious
base
H2611 חָנֵף profane, irreligious
2611 chaneph khaw-nafe'
from 2610; soiled (i.e. with sin), impious:--
hypocrite(-ical).
see HEBREW for 02610
חָנֵף (cha.neph) — profane.
hypocritical, godless, profane, hypocrite, irreligious
Adj — AdjHAampa
pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…
מִי (mi) is an interrogative pronoun primarily used to ask about persons, meaning 'who?' or 'whose?'. It can also appear in rhetorical questions and has some idiomatic uses, such as 'who among...?' or 'whosoever'. The word is rarely applied to things, and its forms can vary in emphasis.
מִי 423 pron.interrog. who? of persons
מִי is rarely used of things, and usually where persons are understood or implied
in the gen. whose
in an indirect qu.
מִי ב׳ who among … ?
strengthened and emph. forms of interrog.
various rhetorical uses whose
מִי may sometimes be rendered whosoever, though, as the examples will shew, it does not really mean it
once, following a verb, any one
base
H4310 מִי who? of persons . מִי is rarely used of things, and usually where persons are understood or implied
. in the gen. whose
. in an indirect qu.
. מִי ב׳ who among … ?
. strengthened and emph. forms of interrog.
. various rhetorical uses whose
. מִי may sometimes be rendered whosoever, though, as the examples will shew, it does not really mean it
. once, following a verb, any one
4310 miy me
an interrogative pronoun of persons, as 4100 is of things,
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also
(indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction
with prefix or suffix:--any (man), X he, X him, + O that!
what, which, who(-m, -se, -soever), + would to God.
see HEBREW for 04100
מִי (mi) — who?.
who?, whose?, whom?, would that, whoever, whosoever
Part — PronounHPi
גּוּר (gur) is a Hebrew verb with a range of meanings including to sojourn, abide, and seek hospitality, as well as to stir up strife or quarrel, and to dread or fear. It is built from a primitive root that conveys the idea of turning aside from a path, often for lodging. The lexicons indicate that it can imply both positive and negative interactions, such as hospitality and conflict.
גּוּר vb. sojourn
Qal
sojourn
abide
Hithpol. seek hospitality with
base
[גּוּר] vb. stir up strife, quarrel
Qal.
stir up strife
quarrel
Hithpol. they excite themselves, but unlikely
base
[גּוּר] vb. dread
Qal
be afraid of
stand in awe of
base
H1481a גּוּר sojourn .. sojourn
. abide
. seek hospitality with
H1481b גּוּר stir up strife, quarrel H1481c גּוּר dread
1481 guwr goor
a primitive root; properly, to turn aside from the road (for
a lodging or any other purpose), i.e. sojourn (as a guest);
also to shrink, fear (as in a strange place); also to gather
for hostility (as afraid):--abide, assemble, be afraid, dwell,
fear, gather (together), inhabitant, remain, sojourn, stand in
awe, (be) stranger, X surely.
גּוּר (gur) — to sojourn.
1) to sojourn, abide, dwell in, dwell with, remain, inhabit, be a stranger, be continuing, surely
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to sojourn, dwell for a time
1a2) to abide, stay, temporarily dwell
1b) (Hithpolel)
1b1) to seek hospitality with
1b2) to assemble oneself
גּוּר (gur) — to quarrel.
1) to stir up trouble, strife, quarrel, gather together
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to stir up strife
1a2) to quarrel
1b) (Hithpolel) to excite oneself
גּוּר (gur) — to dread.
1) to dread, fear, stand in awe, be afraid
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to fear, be afraid
1a2) to be in awe, stand in awe
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
נוּ (nu) — us.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person plural
HR/Sp1bp — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bp
US, pronoun objective case of we.
Give us this day our daily bread.
Us , pron. [OE. us, AS. s; akin to OFries. & OS. s, D. ons, G. uns, Icel. & Sw. oss, Dan. os, Goth. uns, L. nos we, us, Gr. we, Skr. nas us. . Cf. Nostrum, Our.] The persons speaking, regarded as an object; ourselves; — the objective case of we. See We. “Tell us a tale.” Chaucer.
Give us this day our daily bread. Matt. vi. 11.
Us, pron. oblique case of we
אֵשׁ (esh) means 'fire' and encompasses various types, including natural fire, supernatural fire associated with divine appearances, and fire used for cooking or on altars. It can also figuratively represent God's anger. The entries consistently highlight its literal and metaphorical uses, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.
אֵשׁ 377 n.f. fire
fire, of conflagration
of supernatural fire
fire for cooking, roasting, parching
esp. of altar fire
fig. of Yahweh's anger
in various combinations
base
H784 אֵשׁ fire . fire, of conflagration
. of supernatural fire
. fire for cooking, roasting, parching
. esp. of altar fire
. fig. of Yahweh's anger
. in various combinations
784 'esh aysh
a primitive word; fire (literally or figuratively):--
burning, fiery, fire, flaming, hot.
אֵשׁ (esh) — fire.
1) fire
1a) fire, flames
1b) supernatural fire (accompanying theophany)
1c) fire (for cooking, roasting, parching)
1d) altar-fire
1e) God's anger (fig.)
Aramaic equivalent: esh (אֶשָּׁא "fire" H0785)
N-cs — Noun common · both singular constructHNcbsc
fir ('esh; pur):
These are the common words for fire, occurring very frequently. 'Ur, "light" (Isa 24:15 the King James Version; compare the Revised Version (British and American); Isa 31:9, and see FIRES), nur (Aramaic) (Da 3:22 ff) are found a few times, also 'eshshah (Jer 6:29), and be`erah (Ex 22:6), once each. Ac 28:2,3 has pura, "pyre," and Mr 14:54; Lu 22:56, phos, "light," the Revised Version (British and American) "in the light (of the fire)." "To set…
Fire
(1.) For sacred purposes. The sacrifices were consumed by fire (Gen. 8:20). The ever-burning fire on the altar was first kindled from heaven (Lev. 6:9, 13; 9:24), and afterwards rekindled at the dedication of Solomon’s temple (2 Chr. 7:1, 3). The expressions “fire from heaven” and “fire of the Lord” generally denote lightning, but sometimes also the fire of the altar was so called (Ex. 29:18; Lev. 1:9; 2:3; 3:5, 9).
Fire for a sacred purpose obtained otherwise than from the altar was called “strange fire” (Lev. 10:1, 2;
is represented as the symbol of Jehovah’s presence and the instrument of his power, in the way either of approval or of destruction. (Exodus 3:2; 14:19) etc. There could not be a better symbol for Jehovah than this of fire, it being immaterial, mysterious, but visible, warming, cheering, comforting, but also terrible and consuming. Parallel with this application of fire and with its symbolical meaning are to be noted the similar use for sacrificial purposes and the respect paid to it, or to the heavenly bodies as symbols of deity, which prevailed among so many nations of antiquity, and of which the traces are not even now extinct; e.g. the Sabean and Magian systems of worship. (Isaiah 27:9) Fire for sacred purposes obtained elsewhere than from the altar was called "strange fire," and for the use of such Nadab and Abihu were punished…
In Scripture, is often connected with the presence of Jehovah; as in the burning bush, and on Mount Sinai, Ex 3:2 19:18 Ps 18:1-50 Hab 1:1-3:19. The second coming of Christ will be "in flaming fire," 2Th 1:8. In the New Testament it illustrates the enlightening, cheering, and purifying agency of the Holy Spirit, Mt 3:11 Ac 2:3. By sending fire from heaven to consume sacrifices, God often signified his acceptance of them: as in the case of Abel, Ge 4:4; Abraham, Ge…
אָכַל (akal) means 'to eat' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including literal consumption by humans and animals, as well as figurative uses like devouring by fire or destruction. It can describe actions such as feeding or causing to eat, and it also appears in contexts of oppression and destruction. The verb has various forms, indicating different subjects and nuances.
אָכַל 806 vb. eat
Qal
eat, human subject
of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour
fig. of fire, devour, consume
of sword, devour, slay
in genl., devour, consume, destroy
fig. of oppression, devour the poor
Niph.
be eaten by man
be devoured by fire, consumed
be wasted, destroyed, of flesh
Pu. be consumed
Hiph.
cause to eat, feed with
cause to devoure, obj. sword
base
H398 אָכַל eat .. eat, human subject
. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour
. fig. of fire, devour, consume
. of sword, devour, slay
. in genl., devour, consume, destroy
. fig. of oppression, devour the poor
. . be eaten by man
. be devoured by fire, consumed
. be wasted, destroyed, of flesh
. be consumed
. . cause to eat, feed with
. cause to devoure, obj. sword
398 'akal aw-kal'
a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively):--X at
all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up),
feed (with), food, X freely, X in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay)
meat, X quite.
אָכַל (a.khal) — to eat.
1) to eat, devour, burn up, feed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to eat (human subject)
1a2) to eat, devour (of beasts and birds)
1a3) to devour, consume (of fire)
1a4) to devour, slay (of sword)
1a5) to devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subjects - ie, pestilence, drought)
1a6) to devour (of oppression)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be eaten (by men)
1b2) to be devoured, consumed (of fire)
1b3) to be wasted, destroyed (of flesh)
1c) (Pual)
1c1) to cause to eat, feed with
1c2) to cause to devour
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to feed
1d2) to cause to eat
1e) (Piel)
1e1) consume
Aramaic equivalent: a.khal (אֲכַל "to devour" H0399)
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) feminine singularHVqrfsa
מִי (mi) is an interrogative pronoun primarily used to ask about persons, meaning 'who?' or 'whose?'. It can also appear in rhetorical questions and has some idiomatic uses, such as 'who among...?' or 'whosoever'. The word is rarely applied to things, and its forms can vary in emphasis.
מִי 423 pron.interrog. who? of persons
מִי is rarely used of things, and usually where persons are understood or implied
in the gen. whose
in an indirect qu.
מִי ב׳ who among … ?
strengthened and emph. forms of interrog.
various rhetorical uses whose
מִי may sometimes be rendered whosoever, though, as the examples will shew, it does not really mean it
once, following a verb, any one
base
H4310 מִי who? of persons . מִי is rarely used of things, and usually where persons are understood or implied
. in the gen. whose
. in an indirect qu.
. מִי ב׳ who among … ?
. strengthened and emph. forms of interrog.
. various rhetorical uses whose
. מִי may sometimes be rendered whosoever, though, as the examples will shew, it does not really mean it
. once, following a verb, any one
4310 miy me
an interrogative pronoun of persons, as 4100 is of things,
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also
(indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction
with prefix or suffix:--any (man), X he, X him, + O that!
what, which, who(-m, -se, -soever), + would to God.
see HEBREW for 04100
מִי (mi) — who?.
who?, whose?, whom?, would that, whoever, whosoever
Part — PronounHPi
גּוּר (gur) is a Hebrew verb with a range of meanings including to sojourn, abide, and seek hospitality, as well as to stir up strife or quarrel, and to dread or fear. It is built from a primitive root that conveys the idea of turning aside from a path, often for lodging. The lexicons indicate that it can imply both positive and negative interactions, such as hospitality and conflict.
גּוּר vb. sojourn
Qal
sojourn
abide
Hithpol. seek hospitality with
base
[גּוּר] vb. stir up strife, quarrel
Qal.
stir up strife
quarrel
Hithpol. they excite themselves, but unlikely
base
[גּוּר] vb. dread
Qal
be afraid of
stand in awe of
base
H1481a גּוּר sojourn .. sojourn
. abide
. seek hospitality with
H1481b גּוּר stir up strife, quarrel H1481c גּוּר dread
1481 guwr goor
a primitive root; properly, to turn aside from the road (for
a lodging or any other purpose), i.e. sojourn (as a guest);
also to shrink, fear (as in a strange place); also to gather
for hostility (as afraid):--abide, assemble, be afraid, dwell,
fear, gather (together), inhabitant, remain, sojourn, stand in
awe, (be) stranger, X surely.
גּוּר (gur) — to sojourn.
1) to sojourn, abide, dwell in, dwell with, remain, inhabit, be a stranger, be continuing, surely
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to sojourn, dwell for a time
1a2) to abide, stay, temporarily dwell
1b) (Hithpolel)
1b1) to seek hospitality with
1b2) to assemble oneself
גּוּר (gur) — to quarrel.
1) to stir up trouble, strife, quarrel, gather together
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to stir up strife
1a2) to quarrel
1b) (Hithpolel) to excite oneself
גּוּר (gur) — to dread.
1) to dread, fear, stand in awe, be afraid
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to fear, be afraid
1a2) to be in awe, stand in awe
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
נוּ (nu) — us.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person plural
HR/Sp1bp — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bp
US, pronoun objective case of we.
Give us this day our daily bread.
Us , pron. [OE. us, AS. s; akin to OFries. & OS. s, D. ons, G. uns, Icel. & Sw. oss, Dan. os, Goth. uns, L. nos we, us, Gr. we, Skr. nas us. . Cf. Nostrum, Our.] The persons speaking, regarded as an object; ourselves; — the objective case of we. See We. “Tell us a tale.” Chaucer.
Give us this day our daily bread. Matt. vi. 11.
Us, pron. oblique case of we
מוֹקֵד (mowqed) refers to a burning mass or hearth. It is derived from the root meaning to burn, and encompasses concepts related to fire and conflagration. The entries consistently highlight its association with burning, but do not provide specific Old Testament references.
מוֹקֵד n.[m.] a burning mass
base
H4168 מוֹקֵד burning mass
4168 mowqed mo-kade'
from 3344; a fire or fuel; abstractly, a
conflagration:--burning, hearth.
see HEBREW for 03344
מוֹקֵד (mo.qed) — burning.
a burning mass, burning, hearth
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עוֹלָם (owlam) refers to concepts of long duration, antiquity, and futurity, encompassing meanings like eternity and perpetual existence. It is derived from a root meaning 'concealed' or 'the vanishing point.' The term is used to describe both ancient times and an indefinite future, indicating continuity and everlastingness.
עוֹלָם 439 n.m. long duration, antiquity, futurity
base
H5769 עוֹלָם long duration, antiquity, futurity
5769 `owlam o-lawm'
or lolam {o-lawm'}; from 5956; properly, concealed, i.e. the
vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future),
i.e. (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial
(especially with prepositional prefix) always:--alway(-s),
ancient (time), any more, continuance, eternal, (for,
(n-))ever(-lasting, -more, of old), lasting, long (time), (of)
old (time), perpetual, at any time, (beginning of the) world
(+ without end). Compare 5331, 5703.
see HEBREW for 05956
see HEBREW for 05331
see HEBREW for 05703
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: enduring.
: enduring/eternal
1) long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world
1a) ancient time, long time (of past)
1b) (of future)
1b1) for ever, always
1b2) continuous existence, perpetual
1b3) everlasting, indefinite or unending future, eternity
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — Everlasting.
This name means long duration, everlasting, perpetual
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: any time.
: any_time
1) long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world
1a) ancient time, long time (of past)
1b) (of future)
1b1) for ever, always
1b2) continuous existence, perpetual
1b3) everlasting, indefinite or unending future, eternity
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: antiquity.
: old/ancient
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
