Colossians 2

-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 7 StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size -9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 jBiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 15 2 8 0 0 CHAPTER II) Outline of Chapter 2) Theme: Christ, the Pre-eminent One, the Only and All-Sufficient Savior) I. This Only and All-Sufficient Savior is the Object of the Believers Faith, chapters 1 and 2) B. This Truth Expounded not only Positively but now both Positively and Negatively, chapter 2, the latter over against the Colossian Heresy with its:) 2:1 10 1. Delusive Philosophy) 2:11 17 2. Judaistic Ceremonialism) 2:18 19 3. Angel-worship) 2:20 23 4.

Asceticism) ) 2:1 10) I. Warning against Delusive Philosophy) 2 1 For I want you to know how greatly I strive for you, and for those at Laodicea, and for all who have not seen my face in the flesh, 2 in order that their hearts may be strengthened, they themselves being welded together in love, and this with a view to all the riches of assured understanding, with a view to the clear knowledge of the mystery of God, namely, Christ; 3 in whom all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hidden. 4 I say this in order that no one may mislead you by persuasive argument. 5 For, although in the flesh I am absent, yet in the spirit I am with you, rejoicing to see your good order and the firmness of your faith in Christ.) 6 As therefore you accepted Christ Jesus the Lord, (so) in him continue to live, 7 rooted and being built up in him and being established in the faith, just as you were taught, overflowing with thanksgiving. 8 Be on your guard lest there be any one who carries you off as spoil by means of his philosophy and empty deceit, according to the tradition of men, according to the rudiments of the world, and not according to Christ; 9 for in him all the fulness of the godhead dwells bodily, 10 and in him you have attained to fulness, namely, in him who is the head of every principality and authority.) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.1|AUTODETECT|”

1. It is immediately evident that ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.1|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.3|AUTODETECT|” is a clear continuation of the thought expressed in 1:29. Paul was writing one letter, not four chapters. The continuation is: For I want you to know, the for constituting proof for the statement made in the preceding verse. The opening formula, I want you to know, here and in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.3|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 11:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.12|AUTODETECT|” , is substantially the same in meaning as the somewhat differently worded one in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.12|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.13|AUTODETECT|” . Similar is also the expression, I (or we) do not wish you to be in ignorance 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.25|AUTODETECT|” 11:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.1|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 10:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.1|AUTODETECT|” 12:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.8|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.13|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 4:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.29|AUTODETECT|” ). By the use of this formula the apostle stresses the importance of the matter under discussion. He regards the Colossian Heresy, which he is about to refute, as being a very serious danger, and therefore continues: how greatly I strive for you��71�� and for those at Laodicea, and for all who have not seen my face in the flesh. The nature of this striving need not be repeated 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.29|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.13|AUTODETECT|” above). What Paul means is, For, in substantiation of what I have just said, I want you to know how greatly I strive for you, Colossians, and for those at Laodicea, and for all who, like yourselves, have never seen me. It is well-nigh certain that the phrase and for all who also includes the membership of the church at Hierapolis 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.13|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). As has been shown (see Introduction II A), so close to each other were the three cities that a spiritual danger that affected one of them was almost bound to affect the other two also, though not necessarily in the same degree.��72��) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Two misconceptions must be avoided at this point:) (1) The view of many that the apostle here implies that he had never been in Colosse.) Answer: Church and town must not be confused. It should be borne in mind that when Paul on his third missionary journey was headed for Ephesus there was as yet no church at Colosse for him to visit. On the question, Was Paul ever in Colosse? see Introduction II A; III A. The situation, as I see it, may well have been as follows:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.10|AUTODETECT|” On his way to Ephesus, Paul followed the natural route which via Colosse led to Ephesus. He passed through Colosse, and may even have spent a night there. Whether or not he did we simply do not know. His aim, however, was to confirm the churches already established and to reach Ephesus, not to establish new churches on the way to his destination. During his lengthy stay at Ephesus, enquirers from the surrounding region came to hear him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.10|AUTODETECT|” Acts 19:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.12|AUTODETECT|” ). Among those who came were also some people from the three cities, one of those individuals being Epaphras from Colosse 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Upon their conversion these men including Epaphras carried the great news of salvation back to their respective towns. Thus churches were established. Speaking in general terms, Paul could truly say that these congregations had never seen him.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 (2) The idea that the apostle was a total stranger to every member of the three churches.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Answer: Nearly all commentators even those that cling to No. 1, just refuted are careful to point out that Paul was, indeed, personally acquainted with some of the members of the Colossian church, and perhaps also with some of those that belonged to the other churches in the Lycus Valley. As to the apostle s personal acquaintances and friends in or from Colosse see on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.4.17|AUTODETECT|”

17. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.2|AUTODETECT|” Philem. 1, 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.1|AUTODETECT|” The main idea of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.1|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 is, accordingly, that Paul, having received ample information from Epaphras (and perhaps also from others) regarding prevailing conditions in the churches of the Lycus Valley, wants the entire membership also that large majority that has never seen him to know how much he loves them and how thoroughly he is concerned about them when spiritual danger threatens.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Now both in chapter 1 and in chapter 2 the apostle proclaims Christ as the only and all-sufficient Savior, the Object of the believers faith. In both chapters, moreover, the predominant tone is positive: Christ is set forth in all his majesty and riches as the source of whatever believers may need and especially as the object of their trust and adoration. There is, however, a marked difference between the two chapters. While in chapter 1 the negative element refutation of error is merely implied, in chapter 2 it is definitely expressed (see verses 4, 8, 16, 18, 20 23), and forceful warnings are issued. Even here, however, as stated, it is Christ who is proclaimed (see verses 2, 3, 6, 7, 9 15).) Now though the heresy is one, the apostle views it here from a fourfold aspect (cf. Introduction III B).

These four divisions, however, are not water-tight compartments. There is overlapping, as will be shown as the individual passages are discussed.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.10.10|AUTODETECT|”

2, 3. The purpose of Paul s striving is: in order that their hearts may be strengthened. The heart of all true pastoral activity is to be an instrument in God s hand to bring the hearts of those entrusted to one s care to the heart of Christ. The reason is this: once a man s heart has been thoroughly won over and established in grace, the entire person has become the object of God s marvelous transforming power, for the heart is the fulcrum of feeling and faith as well as the mainspring of words and actions 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.10.10|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 10:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.12.34|AUTODETECT|”

; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.12.34|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 12:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.15.19|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.15.19|AUTODETECT|”

15:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.22.37|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.22.37|AUTODETECT|”

22:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.14.1|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.14.1|AUTODETECT|”

John 14:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=20.4.23|AUTODETECT|”

). It is the core and center of man s being, man s inmost self. Out of it are the issues of life 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=20.4.23|AUTODETECT|”

Prov. 4:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.16.7|AUTODETECT|”

). Man looks on the outward appearance, but Jehovah looks on the heart 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.16.7|AUTODETECT|”

I Sam. 16:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.18|AUTODETECT|”

). Over against the attack of false teachers these hearts must be strengthened.��73�� In unity there is strength; hence the continuation is: they themselves being welded together��74�� in love. Not knowledge, certainly not conceit 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.18|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 2:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.3.14|AUTODETECT|”

), but mutual love is the bond of perfection 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.3.14|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 3:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=62.4.8|AUTODETECT|”

). Such love springs directly from the heart of God in Christ and leads back to him, for God is love 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=62.4.8|AUTODETECT|”

I John 4:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.3.17-49.3.19|AUTODETECT|”

). Now when believers, welded together in love, are confronted with the danger of errors and lies, let them unitedly pray about this and discuss it among each other on the basis of God s special Revelation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.3.17-49.3.19|AUTODETECT|”

Eph. 3:17 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.9|AUTODETECT|”

), and this with a view to all the riches of assured understanding.��75�� Thorough, rich, gratifying insight 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.9|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.19|AUTODETECT|”

; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.19|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 1:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.3.4|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.3.4|AUTODETECT|”

Eph. 3:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.2.7|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.2.7|AUTODETECT|”

II Tim. 2:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.27|AUTODETECT|”

) into spiritual matters, which implies the ability to distinguish the true from the false, must ever be the goal. Even more definitely this goal is expressed in the words: with a view to the clear knowledge of the mystery of God, namely, Christ. The sense in which Christ is, indeed, the mystery of God has been explained in connection with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.27|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 1:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.3.16|AUTODETECT|”

. See also N.T.C. on I and II Timothy and Titus, pp. 137 141, explanation of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.3.16|AUTODETECT|”

I Tim. 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.11.33-45.11.36|AUTODETECT|”

. This mystery, progressively revealed to believers who love one another, transcends all human comprehension 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.11.33-45.11.36|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 11:33 36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.2.6-46.2.16|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.2.6-46.2.16|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 2:6 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.13.44|AUTODETECT|”

), and is, therefore, also in that sense a divine and very glorious mystery: the mystery of God, namely, Christ, in whom all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hidden. The Colossians need not, must not, look for any source of happiness or of holiness outside of Christ. Do false teachers boast about their wisdom and their knowledge? Or about that of the angels? Neither man nor angel nor any other creature has anything at all to offer which cannot be found in incomparably superior essence and an infinite degree in Christ. In him all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hidden, like the hidden treasure of which Jesus spoke in the parable 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.13.44|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 13:44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=20.2.4|AUTODETECT|”

; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=20.2.4|AUTODETECT|”

Prov. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

); hidden, indeed, but in order to be unearthed, not in order to remain concealed.��76�� That this practical purpose is also in the apostle s mind here in Colossians is clear from verses 9 and 10. What the apostle means, therefore, is this, In Christ all these treasures are stored away. Hence, come and discover them and enrich yourselves by means of them. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.21.17|AUTODETECT|”

Treasures of wisdom and knowledge, says Paul, which is even better than treasures of wisdom of which we read elsewhere (Ecclus. 1:25). Jesus, according to his divine nature, knows all things. This knowledge, being divine, is all-comprehensive, direct, simple, unchangeable, and eternal. Peter paid tribute to it when he declared, Lord, all things thou knowest; thou dost realize that I have affection for thee 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.21.17|AUTODETECT|”

John 21:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

). Christ s omniscience is therefore a great comfort for the believer and, via Christ s revelation in Scripture, a bank from which he draws.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.104.24|AUTODETECT|”

But in Christ knowledge is never separated from wisdom, as it often is among men. Now wisdom is the ability, in concrete situations, to apply knowledge to the best advantage. It uses the most effective means to achieve the highest goal. In the Old Testament the work of creation is ascribed to God s wisdom 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.104.24|AUTODETECT|”

Ps. 104:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=24.10.12|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=24.10.12|AUTODETECT|”

Jer. 10:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=18.28.23|AUTODETECT|”

). ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=18.28.23|AUTODETECT|”

Job 28:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=20.8.22|AUTODETECT|”

ff. and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=20.8.22|AUTODETECT|”

Prov. 8:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.18-46.1.25|AUTODETECT|”

ff. personify the wisdom by means of which God created all things. The New Testament magnifies the wisdom of God revealed in the foolishness of the cross 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.18-46.1.25|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 1:18 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.3.10|AUTODETECT|”

), in the church 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.3.10|AUTODETECT|”

Eph. 3:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.11.33|AUTODETECT|”

), and in the work of God s providence in behalf of Israel and of the Gentiles 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.11.33|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 11:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.9|AUTODETECT|”

At this point it is necessary to guard against error. The word wisdom is used in a threefold sense in Colossians: (a) the wisdom given to Paul and his fellow-workers and to believers in general 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.9|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.28|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.28|AUTODETECT|”

28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.3.16|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.3.16|AUTODETECT|”

3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.4.5|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.4.5|AUTODETECT|”

4:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.23|AUTODETECT|”

); (b) the pretended wisdom of the false teachers 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.23|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 2:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.3|AUTODETECT|”

); and (c) the divine wisdom that dwells eternally in Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.3|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.3|AUTODETECT|”

). These three must not be confused. Sometimes divine wisdom, such as is certainly spoken of here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.3|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|”

, is equated, as to its essence, with human wisdom, as if the former were but an enlarged edition of the latter. So, for example, in connection with the present passage, we are told that while knowledge applies to apprehension of truths, wisdom superadds the power of reasoning about them and tracing their relation (Lightfoot, op. cit., p. 174). But although this may be a perfectly valid and useful distinction when we are speaking about human wisdom, the wisdom that is ascribed to Christ is more than the ability to reason and to trace. Archetypal wisdom differs from ectypal: the divine pattern and the human copy can never be identical, the reason being that God is God, and we are dealing here with Christ as God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

). Divine wisdom, in a sense far more exalted than human wisdom, devises, plans, guides, directs. It is original, creative. It does what no other wisdom in the entire universe can ever accomplish. It reconciles seeming irreconcilables. A few examples will make this clear:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.22-46.1.25|AUTODETECT|”

(1) In his wisdom God reconciles the Jew with the Gentile, and both together with himself, performing this great miracle by means of that altogether unlikely object, namely, the cross, which to the Jew was a stumbling-block and to the Gentile foolishness! 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.22-46.1.25|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 1:22 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.2.13|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.2.13|AUTODETECT|”

Eph. 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.2.14|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.2.14|AUTODETECT|”

14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.3.19-45.3.24|AUTODETECT|”

(2) In his wisdom he satisfies the demands both of his justice which asked for the death of the sinner and of his love which required the sinner s salvation. The law and the gospel embrace each other on the cross 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.3.19-45.3.24|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 3:19 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.5.8|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.5.8|AUTODETECT|”

5:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.5.12|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.5.12|AUTODETECT|”

12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.5.13|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.5.13|AUTODETECT|”

13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.16.27|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.16.27|AUTODETECT|”

16:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.85.10|AUTODETECT|”

; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.85.10|AUTODETECT|”

Ps. 85:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 2 2 8 0 0

(3) In his wisdom, which Paul extols, the very rejection of carnal Israel results, by various links, in the salvation of all Israel : By their fall salvation is come to the Gentiles, to provoke them to jealousy & that by the mercy shown to you [Gentiles] they [Israel] may now obtain mercy. Paul concludes, O the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God, etc.��77��) In Christ, then, for the benefit of believers, all the treasures of this all-comprehensive knowledge and of this sublime, creative wisdom are hidden.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.2.4|AUTODETECT|”

4, 5. With reference at least to what he has just said in verses 1 3 but more probably to all of 1:3 2:3, Paul continues: I say this in order that no one may mislead you by persuasive argument. Do not exchange demonstrated facts, regarding the fulness that is in Christ, for specious reasoning. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.2.4|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

. The original does not bear out the view of those who think that Paul had one particular person in mind when he issued this warning. There were doubtless many false teachers. Hence, says Paul, as it were, When someone or other comes with attractive arguments, do not be turned aside by that person and his finespun phrases. He continues, For, although in the flesh I am absent, yet in the spirit I am with you. Note in connection with this statement:) 1 2 2 8 0 0

(1) the fellowship of all believers in Christ. This closeness of loving communion was felt very keenly in the early church (see N.T.C. on Philippians, pp. 51 54; 93 95).) (2) the vividness of Paul s sense of fellowship with those who for the most part had not seen him and with whom, therefore, he was not personally acquainted. It is reasonable to assume that Epaphras had given the apostle a very graphic account of conditions in the Colossian church (see also 1:7, 8; 4:12, 13).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.4.7-51.4.9|AUTODETECT|”

(3) the plus-factor in this fellowship. What Paul meant amounted to far more than saying, In my imagination I can see you now, my friends. It just seems as if I am there with you. It was that, to be sure, but also more than that, namely, In heart and spirit I am with you, with you to help you and to rejoice with you, as even this letter indicates and as Tychicus and Onesimus will be telling you 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.4.7-51.4.9|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 4:7 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.5.3-46.5.5|AUTODETECT|”

). Proof: note how the apostle, using somewhat similar language asserts himself in the congregation at Corinth, actually taking part in a matter of discipline, even though he was not bodily present with them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.5.3-46.5.5|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 5:3 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.2.17|AUTODETECT|”

); and also how warmly he makes his spiritual presence felt in the church at Thessalonica 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.2.17|AUTODETECT|”

I Thess. 2:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

out of sight but not out of heart ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The report which Epaphras had presented to Paul was, on the whole, favorable. Though he had not in any way minimized the dangers that were threatening the church, yet he had been careful to point out that on the whole the Colossians had not been moved from their foundation. Genuine love was present among them (1:8), and, as we now learn, also good order there had been no schism and no lack of orderly discipline and behavior and sterling, steadfast faith, for the apostle continues: rejoicing to see your good order and the firmness of your faith in Christ.��78��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.11|AUTODETECT|” 6, 7. In close connection with the preceding sentence Paul continues: As therefore you accepted Christ Jesus the Lord, (so) in him continue to live. The chiastic or criss-cross structure of this sentence with the verbs accepted and continue to live respectively at beginning and end; and the references to Christ, namely, Christ Jesus the Lord and in him, in the center shows that all the emphasis falls on the necessity of clinging to Christ Jesus the Lord 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.11|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 3:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.20|AUTODETECT|” ), as the all-sufficient One, as the Lord whose commandments should be obeyed and whose word should be trusted. The meaning is, Colossians, do not be misled. Let your life (your walk or conduct) continue to be in harmony with the fact that you have accepted Christ Jesus the Lord as your tradition. You embraced him with a living faith, just as you were taught to do 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.20|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.23|AUTODETECT|” ). The word accepted is here used in its technical sense: received as transmitted 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.23|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 11:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.1|AUTODETECT|” 15:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.3|AUTODETECT|”

3. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.12|AUTODETECT|”
4. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.9|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 4:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.13|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.1|AUTODETECT|” 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.6|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), the line of transmission having been from God to Paul (both directly and indirectly), to Epaphras, to the Colossians.��79��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.17|AUTODETECT|” By a series of four participles , the first a perfect passive and the other three present, Paul now shows what this living in Christ (that is, in vital union with him) means: rooted and being built up in him and being established in the faith, just as you were taught, overflowing with thanksgiving. Meaning: Having then been firmly implanted in Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.17|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 3:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ), as the infinite and all-sufficient Source of salvation full and free, and so continuing, constantly avail yourselves of every opportunity of being brought to higher and still higher ground, as a building rises tier by tier,��80�� of being established ever more firmly in the activity of faith,��81�� as you were taught by Epaphras 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.12|AUTODETECT|” 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.13|AUTODETECT|”
5. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.2|AUTODETECT|” ), and of overflowing with gratitude 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.2|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.116.12-19.116.14|AUTODETECT|” ). Gratitude is that which completes the circle whereby blessings that drop down into our hearts and lives return to the Giver in the form of unending, loving, and spontaneous adoration. Moreover, such giving of thanks increases the sense of obligation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.116.12-19.116.14|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 116:12 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), so that those who overflow with this grace feel all the less ready to turn away from the abundance which they have in Christ Jesus the Lord, and to follow the advice of false teachers.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.7|AUTODETECT|” Notice that Paul does not pray that the Colossians may begin to be thankful, but rather that the ocean of their gratitude may constantly overflow its perimeter. Paul is never satisfied with anything short of perfection. Hence he loves to use this word overflow or abound 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.7|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 3:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.15|AUTODETECT|” 5:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.13|AUTODETECT|” 15:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.8.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.8.8|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 8:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.14.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.14.12|AUTODETECT|” 14:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.58|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.58|AUTODETECT|” 15:58) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ten times in II Cor.; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.26|AUTODETECT|”
6. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.12|AUTODETECT|” 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.18|AUTODETECT|”
7. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.12|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 3:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.1|AUTODETECT|” 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.10|AUTODETECT|”
8. 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). See also N.T.C. on I and II Timothy and Titus, p. 75.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 8 10. There is a very close connection between verses 6, 7, on the one hand, and verses 8 10, on the other. What has been stated positively in verses 6, 7, namely, Continue to live in Christ Jesus the Lord, is stated negatively in verses 8 10, the sense of these three verses being, Do not allow yourselves to be carried away by any teaching that is not according to Christ, for he will supply all your needs, since in him all the fulness of the godhead dwells bodily and since he is the supreme Ruler of all. We have a restatement, therefore, in somewhat different form, of what the apostle had said in verse 4, I say this in order that no one may mislead you by persuasive argument. It becomes clear, therefore, that in this entire section (verses 1 10) Paul indicates that he was deeply concerned about the false teaching of those whose speculative theories, cleverly presented, might tend to undermine the confidence of the Colossians in Christ as their complete Savior. He calls this subversive system of thought and morals, of rules and regulations philosophy and empty deceit.

He uses words like man-made tradition and worldly rudiments to describe it.) There is, however, another interpretation of these verses, differing rather sharply from the one set forth in the aforegoing summarizing paragraph. It is to the effect that the apostle here sets Christ over against the elemental spirits of the universe, the words between quotation marks being the R.S.V. rendering of the Greek phrase which in both A.V. and A.R.V. is translated the rudiments of the world (verse 8). For comments about this interpretation which, with due respect for the erudition of those who advocate it, I cannot adopt, see footnote 83 at the close of my treatment of the entire passage (verses 8 10).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.13|AUTODETECT|” The apostle, accordingly, continues as follows: Be on your guard lest there be any one who carries you off as spoil by means of his philosophy and empty deceit. Let not those who were rescued out of the domain of darkness and transplanted into the kingdom of the Son of God s love 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ) be carried off as so much booty and become enslaved once more 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=61.3.10|AUTODETECT|” Brought under bondage by someone s philosophy ! As Josephus has shown, any elaborate system of thought and/or moral discipline was in those days called a philosophy (cf. our term moral philosophy, when the scientific aspect is not stressed). Thus he states, For there are three forms of philosophy among the Jews. The followers of the first school are called Pharisees, of the second Sadducees, and of the third Essenes (Jewish War II.viii.2). When it is borne in mind that in several of its traits the body of error which Paul here opposes resembles Essenism, the relevancy of this quotation from Josephus becomes all the more clear. Philo also, when speaking about Hebrew religion, uses such terms as philosophy according to Moses and Jewish philosophy.

Paul is warning against the kind of philosophy that amounts to nothing more than empty deceit. It is empty, futile. It is deceptive, for, while it promises big things to those who obey its ordinances, it cannot redeem its promises (see on verse 23). Paul continues: according to the tradition of men (see footnote 79 above). This was not apostolic tradition, nor was it tradition that belonged to the main stream of Judaism, though it did have something in common with Judaism and embraced some of the latter s tenets. It was rather a mixture of Christianity, Judaistic Ceremonialism, Angelolatry, and Asceticism, as verses 11 23 indicate.

It was a philosophy according to the rudiments of the world. Rudiments are elements, either in the physical or in the non-physical realm. The original uses the term stoicheia, indicating elements or units in a row or series, like the figures (1, 2, 3, etc.) in a column, or the letters (A, B, C, etc.) in the alphabet; then also the basic elements of which the physical world is held to consist 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.10|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 3:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.5.12|AUTODETECT|” ). The ancients sometimes spoke of earth, air, fire, and water as elements. By an easy transition the meaning advances to rudiments or elements of learning; hence, elementary teaching 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.5.12|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 5:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ). We speak of Rudiments of Grammar, Elements of Arithmetic, etc. The expression rudiments of the world also occurs in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.3|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.9|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.9|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 4:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.15|AUTODETECT|” ). This is admittedly a very difficult passage, proving the correctness of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.15|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.16|AUTODETECT|” 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.8|AUTODETECT|” . It is true, indeed, that our beloved brother Paul sometimes wrote things hard to understand. One thing should be borne in mind, however, namely, that in Galatians and in Colossians we are dealing with rudiments of the world, a modifier that does not occur in Hebrews and in II Peter. Now in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.8|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.9|AUTODETECT|” , in harmony with the immediate context which speaks about the tradition of men, the term world (kosmos) must probably be taken in its ethical sense (as often in Paul s epistles), as indicating mankind alienated from the life of God. These are rudiments of worldly men. They are worldly rudiments. In all likelihood that interpretation of the modifier of the world also holds for Galatians 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.9|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 4:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.3|AUTODETECT|” , weak and beggarly rudiments ). Worthy of serious consideration, in the light of the contexts 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.3|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.11-51.2.23|AUTODETECT|” and 4:9), is therefore the view according to which in Galatians the expression rudiments of the world indicates rudimentary teaching regarding rules, regulations, ordinances, by means of which, before Christ s coming into the flesh, people (Jews and Gentiles, each in their own way) tried by their own efforts to achieve salvation. With the coming of Christ and the work of his apostles this sinful, autosoteric tendency and teaching continued, sponsored now by enthusiastic Judaists. In their teaching the latter tried to combine faith in Christ with trust in Mosaic-Pharisaic ordinances. And this same danger of trusting in ordinances to supplement faith in Christ asserted itself also at Colosse 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.11-51.2.23|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:11 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), though in a somewhat different, more complicated, form. That some of these regulations dealt with angel-worship need not and should not be denied (see verses 15 and 18), just so it be borne in mind that the term rudiments itself does not therefore necessarily mean angels. It is the erroneous teaching that is here condemned.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.8|AUTODETECT|” It thus becomes evident that when the meaning rudimentary instruction is ascribed to the word rudiments, as used in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.8|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 and 2:20, this sense cannot be quickly discarded as if it were definitely out of line with the use of this same word elsewhere in the New Testament.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.9|AUTODETECT|” Now if people will but see the implications of faith in Christ in all his glorious fulness and adequacy, they will die to these rudiments, as verse 20 makes very clear. Cast aside then will be these crude notions regarding regulations and ordinances with respect to such things as circumcision, feasts, food and drink, angel-worship, etc., as means toward the achievement of salvation in all its fulness. It is evident that at least in one respect the rudiments mentioned in Galatians and those against which the apostle warns in Colossians are alike, namely, in being weak and beggarly 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.9|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). This philosophy is definitely of the world, as any system must be that does not give Christ all the honor. It is empty, deceitful, and not according to Christ. It has a tendency to take men away from Christ, to weaken their trust in him as all-sufficient sufficient Savior. It is not in harmony with the fulness which believers have in him.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.19|AUTODETECT|” Hence, Paul continues: for in him all the fulness of the godhead dwells bodily. For the interpretation of all but the adverb see also above on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.19|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . When the apostle thus describes Christ he has in mind the latter s deity, not just his divinity. He is referring to the Son s complete equality of essence with the Father and the Holy Spirit, his consubstantiality, not his similarity.��82�� He is saying that this plenitude of deity has its abiding residence in Christ, and this bodily.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Many different interpretations have been given of this adverb; such as, personally, essentially, universally (in a manner that embraces or affects the entire universe), ecclesiastically (in a manner that affects the entire church), antitypically, genuinely, etc. Now all of these can be rejected without much argumentation since they are out of harmony with the immediate context, attach a connotation to the adverb that is out of harmony with the main clause, invest that adverb with too much meaning, and miss the main purpose which the apostle had in mind in writing as he does.) There are, however, two theories that deserve more than passing notice:) A. The view of Lightfoot (op. cit., pp. 182, 183), etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.4|AUTODETECT|” According to him bodily means with a bodily manifestation, that is, as crowned by the incarnation. Expositors of repute have endorsed this attractive view. They appeal to such arguments as the importance which Paul attaches to Christ s incarnation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.4|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 4:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ), the possible parallel in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.1|AUTODETECT|” John 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.5|AUTODETECT|” , the reference in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.5|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 10:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 to Christ s body , etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Objections:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.14|AUTODETECT|” (1) Paul uses the present tense. He does not say that the Word became flesh but that the fulness of the godhead dwells or is dwelling in Christ. And surely that indwelling did not just begin with the incarnation. It is an eternal indwelling. Moule, who is inclined to favor Lightfoot s view, nevertheless correctly observes: The chief objection to taking ��������� [the adverb] thus, as representing a stress on the fact that the godhead became really embodied, is the present tense �������� [ is dwelling ], which is not easy to treat as a reference to a past event in history 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.14|AUTODETECT|” John 1:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , ���� ������ [became flesh] (op. cit., p. 93) . That is exactly the point!) 1 4 2 8 0 0 (2) Lightfoot s argument to the effect that the main clause refers to the pre-incarnate Christ , but that the adverb which modifies this clause refers to the incarnation, would seem to involve contradiction.) (3) If the adverb bodily is interpreted literally, and we should allow this adverb really to modify, in a natural way, the main clause with its verb dwells or is dwelling, would not the objection arise that the Son of God is surely not so dependent upon a physical body (or even upon the human nature) that apart from it the godhead cannot dwell in him?) It is, therefore, not surprising that among the earliest writers few adopted this interpretation, and that even today, with some prominent exceptions, it is widely rejected by scholars.) B. The view of Percy (op. cit., p.77), and, in the main, also of Ridderbos (op. cit., pp. 176 178).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.15|AUTODETECT|” They interpret the adverb to mean in a concentrated, as it were visible and tangible, form. Faith clearly sees that the fulness of the godhead dwells from everlasting to everlasting in Christ, this fact having been thus visibly and tangibly demonstrated by Christ s works both in creation and redemption. It sees that the entire essence and glory of God is concentrated in Christ as in a body. It is in that sense that it can be said that this fulness of the god-head is embodied, given concrete expression, fully realized, in him. This is but another way of saying that from everlasting to everlasting he is the image of the invisible God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.15|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.4|AUTODETECT|” I believe that this gives the proper sense, a meaning which is also in harmony with the context, both preceding and following. Since, therefore, all the fulness of the indwelling essence of God is thus completely concentrated in Christ, there is no need of or justification for looking elsewhere for help, salvation, or spiritual perfection. Hence, the apostle immediately adds: and in him you have attained to fulness; that is, in Christ you have reached the Source whence flows the stream of blessings that supplies whatever you need for this life and for the next. Abide, therefore, in him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.4|AUTODETECT|” John 15:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ), and you will continue to experience that out of his fulness we all receive grace upon grace 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.16|AUTODETECT|” John 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.13|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.13|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.22|AUTODETECT|” ). To the very utmost limits of human capacity the church that remains in vital union with Christ receives love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, meekness, self-control 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.22|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ), yes, every Christian grace. Christ is the Fountain that never fails. Why, then, O Colossians, commit the folly of hewing out cisterns for yourselves, broken cisterns, that can hold no water 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.16|AUTODETECT|” )? Why trust in circumcision when you have been buried with Christ in baptism (verses 11 14)? How foolish to resort to principalities and authorities when in him you have attained to fulness, namely, in him who is the head of every principality and authority (cf. verse 15). For the meaning of principality and authority see on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.18|AUTODETECT|” . He is their head, not in fully the same sense in which he is the head of the church 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.22|AUTODETECT|” ), which is his body, but in the sense that he is supreme Ruler of all 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.1.22|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), so that apart from him the good angels cannot help, and because of him the evil cannot harm believers. It seems that it was especially this last thought which the apostle wished to emphasize (see below on verse 15).��83��) 1 8 2 8 0 0 In order to show the connection of verses 11 17 with the verses that immediately precede, verses 9 and 10 which have already been explained will be reprinted here:) ) 2:11 17) II. Warning against Judaistic Ceremonialism) 9 for in him all the fulness of the godhead dwells bodily, 10 and in him you have attained to fulness, namely, in him who is the head of every principality and authority, 11 in whom also you were circumcised with a circumcision made without hands, by the putting off of the body of the flesh in the circumcision of Christ, 12 having been buried with him in your baptism in which you were also raised with him through faith in the operative power of God who raised him from the dead. 13 And you, who were dead through your trespasses and the uncircumcision of your flesh, you he made alive together with him, having forgiven us all our trespasses, 14 having blotted out the handwritten document that was against us, which by means of its requirements testified against us, and he took it out of the way by nailing it to the cross, 15 and having stripped the principalities and the authorities of their power, he publicly exposed them to disgrace by triumphing over them in him.) 16 Therefore allow no one to pass judgment on you in questions of food or drink or with respect to a festival or a new moon or a sabbath: 17 things that were only a shadow of those that were coming, but the object casting the shadow is to be found with Christ.) ) In verses 1 10 the warning against the Colossian Heresy was couched in general terms. With verse 11, however, right in the middle of the sentence, it begins to assume specific form. We now learn that the error that was being propagated at Colosse was basically of a Judaistic character. For a reason not definitely stated but which we can probably infer from the context and from similar warnings in other epistles the teachers of false doctrine were advertising such things as circumcision, rigid adherance to dietary restrictions, and strict observance of festivals and sabbaths. That brief summary makes verses 11 17 a thought-unit.

The style, however, changes from the rather easy-flowing didactic evident through verse 15 to the far more crisp, direct, and hortatory that begins at verse 16 and continues with few exceptions (the longest exception being 4:7 14) to the end of the letter. It is subject-matter, namely, warning against Judaism, that unites 2:11 17. But even this subject-matter is not altogether homogeneous. The heresy which the apostle was combating was a somewhat baffling mixture of Judaistic and Pagan beliefs propagated by men who probably posed as Christians, yes better Christians than the common lot. As has been pointed out earlier (see Introduction II C), it was exactly the type of syncretism that one could expect to find in Jewish-Pagan Colosse. It is not surprising that Paul, who had the entire picture before him all the time, in his discussions and warnings should move with ease from one element of the Colossian Heresy to another and then back again.

So also here in verses 11 17 we notice that in the midst of his warnings against Judaism he briefly touches upon two subjects about which he will say more subsequently, namely, Relation to angels (verse 15) and Asceticism (verse 16). Yet, he does this not in a disconnected or rambling manner, but in such a way that verses 11 17 form a unit in which every clause leads to the next one in a very natural and organic manner, as will be indicated.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.1|AUTODETECT|” 11, 12. Speaking then about Christ, the head of every principality and authority, Paul continues: in whom you were circumcized. Paul s thought at this point can perhaps be paraphrased somewhat as follows: Colossians, do not allow these teachers of error to deceive you as if, in order to triumph over the indulgence of the flesh (2:23) and to attain to the full measure of salvation (2:9, 10), you need to be literally circumcized 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.1|AUTODETECT|” Acts 15:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.2|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.3|AUTODETECT|” 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). You were already circumcized! Yes, you were circumcized with a circumcision that excels by far the rite that is being recommended so strongly by the teachers of error. You were circumcized with a circumcision made without hands, by the putting off of the body of the flesh in the circumcision of Christ.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Note points of difference proving the great superiority of the circumcision which the Colossians had already received:) Your circumcision was: The other was: ) (1) the work of the Holy Spirit (1) a manual operation (minor surgery!) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.28|AUTODETECT|” (2) inward, of the heart 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.28|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 2:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.29|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.2.29|AUTODETECT|” 29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ; also N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.3|AUTODETECT|” 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) (2) outward ) 1 6 2 8 0 0 ) (3) the putting off and casting away (note double prefix in ��������) of your entire evil nature , in its sanctifying aspect to be progressively realized (3) removal of excess foreskin ) (4) Christian ( the circumcision of Christ, that is, the circumcision which is yours because of your vital union with Christ) (4) Abrahamic and Mosaic ) ) ) As a further description of the circumcision which the Colossians had already received the apostle continues: having been buried with him in your baptism in which you were also raised with him. Meaning:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” (1) Christ suffered, died, was buried in your stead and for your benefit. He bore the guilt and punishment of the law for you. He took upon himself the curse that rested upon you 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.1-45.8.4|AUTODETECT|” ). When by sovereign grace you embraced Christ as your Savior and Lord, you received the assurance that your former guilt-laden, damnable selves had been buried with him, and that your state with reference to God s holy law had changed from that of objects of condemnation to that of recipients of justification 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.1-45.8.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:1 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Accordingly, not only were you buried with him but you were also raised with him.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.7|AUTODETECT|” (2) By means of his entire work of humiliation, including burial, Christ procured for you the work of the Holy Spirit 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.7|AUTODETECT|” John 16:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ). Hence, yours is not only justification but also sanctification, gradual spiritual renewal. The Spirit has implanted in your hearts the seed of the new life 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.3|AUTODETECT|” John 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ). You died, and your life is hid with Christ in God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.3|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Hence, also in this sense, you were buried with him and you were raised with him.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.14-46.1.17|AUTODETECT|” But why does Paul connect in your baptism with this having been buried with Christ and having been raised with him? He does not do this because he attaches any magical efficacy to the rite of baptism. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.14-46.1.17|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:14 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.21|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.21|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 3:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.10|AUTODETECT|” . In the passage now under discussion the apostle definitely excludes the idea that the act of baptizing, in virtue of the action itself, and independent of the condition of the heart of them who here and now professed to believe the gospel, has spiritual value. He carefully adds: through faith in the operative power��84�� of God who raised him from the dead. The man who hears the gospel as it is proclaimed must give his heart to the almighty God whose energizing power raised Christ from the dead. He must also believe that the spiritual power that proceeds from the risen Savior 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.10|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) will bestow upon him all he needs for body and soul, for time and eternity.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.11|AUTODETECT|” What then is the meaning of the phrase in your baptism ? Evidently Paul in this entire paragraph magnifies Christian baptism as much as he, by clear implication, disapproves of the continuation of the rite of circumcision if viewed as having anything to do with salvation.��85�� The definite implication, therefore, is that baptism has taken the place of circumcision.��86�� Hence, what is said with reference to circumcision in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.11|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 4:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.13|AUTODETECT|” , as being a sign and a seal, holds also for baptism. In the Colossian context baptism is specifically a sign and seal of having been buried with Christ and of having been raised with him. It is, accordingly, a sign and seal of union with Christ, of entrance into his covenant, of incorporation into Christ s body, the church 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.13|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 12:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.42.5|AUTODETECT|” ). The sign of baptism pictures the cleansing power of Christ s blood and Spirit. That vivid portrayal is very valuable 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.42.5|AUTODETECT|” Job 42:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.42.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.42.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.17|AUTODETECT|” ). The seal certifies and guarantees the operation of this activity of love and grace in the lives of all those who embrace Christ by faith. Baptism, therefore, shows us a God who tenderly condescends to the weaknesses of his people: their doubts and their fears. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.17|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 6:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.19|AUTODETECT|” ; also for the sacrament of communion ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.19|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.9.12-1.9.17|AUTODETECT|” .) Surely, Noah did not despise the rainbow 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.9.12-1.9.17|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 9:12 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Happily married couples do not think lowly of their wedding rings.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.11|AUTODETECT|” The meaning, then, of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 would seem to be as follows (in summary): You, believers, have no need of external circumcision. You have received a far better circumcision, that of heart and life. That circumcision is yours by virtue of your union with Christ. When he was buried you that is, your former, wicked selves were buried with him. When he was raised you as new creatures were raised with him. In the experience of baptism you received the sign and seal of this marvelous Spirit-wrought transformation. ��87��) 1 1 2 8 0 0 13. In the spirit of jubilation and solid Christian optimism Paul continues, And you, who were dead through your trespasses and the uncircumcision of your flesh, you he made alive together with him. In his great mercy God had taken pity on Gentiles as well as on the ancient covenant people. And you means, And you who were formerly Gentiles, and as such morally and spiritually dead, and this not only because of your individual trespasses against God s holy law but also and basically because of your state before God. That state is here described as the uncircumcision of your flesh, that is, your state of guilt; hence, your condition of sinfulness, impotence, and therefore hopelessness. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.1|AUTODETECT|” Being children of wrath, their physical or literal uncircumcision symbolized their moral and spiritual uncircumcision. The word you is repeated for the sake of emphasis, as if Paul were saying, Ponder this! Continue to reflect on it that on you, yes even on you, so deeply fallen, so hopelessly lost, so utterly corrupt in state and condition, such grace was bestowed. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.1|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.21|AUTODETECT|” . The predominantly Gentile origin of this church is clear also from such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.22|AUTODETECT|” 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.27|AUTODETECT|” 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.5-51.3.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.5-51.3.7|AUTODETECT|” 3:5 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.13|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.1-49.2.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.1-49.2.3|AUTODETECT|” 2:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.22|AUTODETECT|” 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.1|AUTODETECT|” 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.17|AUTODETECT|” 4:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , etc.). But the same God, who raised Christ from the dead, also and in that very act made the Colossians alive.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 In verses 13, 14, and 15 the apostle in orderly arranged participial modifiers shows us what was implied in this making alive. It implied:) (1). granting forgiveness to us: having forgiven us all our trespasses (verse 13).) (2). blotting out a writing: having blotted out the handwritten document that was against us (verse 14).) (3). disarming spirits: and having stripped the principalities and the authorities of their power (verse 15).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.23|AUTODETECT|” In the work of salvation the guilt of our sins must be removed first of all. Hence, when Paul describes how we were made alive together with Christ he begins by saying: having forgiven us all our trespasses. Note the striking transition from you to us. If it be true that all (both Jew and Gentile) have sinned and fall short of the glory of God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.23|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 3:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.15|AUTODETECT|” ), then all alike need forgiveness. And Paul, who regards himself as chief of sinners 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.15|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) was unable to write about a subject like this without being deeply moved in his own soul, having experienced what God did for him in rescuing him from inevitable damnation.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Forgiveness) 1. Why is it emphasized?) It is worthy of special attention that the apostle speaks about forgiveness in each of the first thee chapters of Colossians. May there not have been a special reason for this? Remember that this letter was going to be read aloud to the assembled congregation of Colosse, yes, to the very church gathered in Philemon s house. And Philemon was the master of Onesimus, the returned runaway whom Philemon must forgive! It is as if I am present when this letter is being read, and as if I hear the lector reading the precious words:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.13|AUTODETECT|” The Father rescued us out of the domain of darkness, and transplanted us into the kingdom of the Son of his love, in whom we have our redemption, the forgiveness of our sins.& And you who were dead through your trespasses and the uncircumcision of your flesh, you he made alive together with him, having forgiven us all our trespasses.& Put on, therefore, as God s elect, holy and beloved, a heart of compassion, kindness, lowliness, meekness, longsuffering, enduring one another, and if anyone has a complaint against anyone else forgiving each other. Just as the Lord has forgiven you, so do you also (forgive) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.13|AUTODETECT|” 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.12|AUTODETECT|” 3:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). And it is as if I can hear the Holy Spirit whisper in the heart of the host of this house-church, Philemon, if the Lord did all this for you, should you not, with gladness of heart, forgive Onesimus, and fully accept him as a beloved brother? ) 1 3 2 8 0 0 But surely not only for Philemon were these words intended but for the entire Colossian congregation, and in fact as Paul reminds us so beautifully by saying having forgiven us all our trespasses for each and every believer both then and now.) 2. What are its characteristics?) The evidence shows that this forgiveness is:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.24|AUTODETECT|” (a) gracious The word used here in the original stresses this fact (see on 3:13, footnote 131). It is completely unmerited by man 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.24|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 3:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.4-56.3.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.4-56.3.7|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:4 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.1-40.18.3|AUTODETECT|” ). It is God s precious gift in Christ. May not this be the very reason why the sinner must become as a little child to receive it? Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.1-40.18.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 18:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . The story is told of a man who at a Fair offered $10 gold pieces. Accompanying a pile of these valuable coins there was a sign: Free, Take one. All day long people passed by. Their smile said, You can t fool me. The pile remained untouched. Just before closing time a child saw the sign, reached out his hand and took a coin!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.7|AUTODETECT|” (b) bountiful When God gives or forgives he does not do so merely of, his riches but according to his riches 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.20|AUTODETECT|” ). His pardoning love super-abounds 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.20|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.1.18|AUTODETECT|” ). Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.12|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 103:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.19|AUTODETECT|” (c) eager God entreats men to be reconciled to him, not counting their trespasses against them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.19|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.86.5|AUTODETECT|” ). Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.86.5|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 86:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.16-44.26.18|AUTODETECT|” (d) certain When Paul received his commission he was sent to the Gentiles to open their eyes, that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, that they may receive remission of sins.& When Festus expressed his doubt about this heavenly vision and the commission given to Paul, the apostle answered, I am not mad, excellent Festus, but I am telling the sober truth 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.16-44.26.18|AUTODETECT|” Acts 26:16 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.26.25|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.89.30-19.89.35|AUTODETECT|” ). Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.89.30-19.89.35|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 89:30 35) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.13|AUTODETECT|” (e) basic When a sinner is rescued out of the domain of darkness and transplanted into the kingdom of the Son of God s love, he receives forgiveness first of all. Moral and spiritual cleansing follows 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.22|AUTODETECT|” 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ). Thus also here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.24|AUTODETECT|” the very first blessing that is mentioned in connection with making the dead sinner alive is forgiveness. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.24|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 3:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.0|AUTODETECT|” . Note emphasis on justification in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.0|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.0|AUTODETECT|” , followed by emphasis on sanctification, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.0|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . How can a sinner become righteous in the sight of God? is still basic.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 3. How do we receive it?) What is the way along which God leads his children toward the full possession and enjoyment of this basic blessing?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.10|AUTODETECT|” a. There must be genuine sorrow for sin 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.10|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 7:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ). Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.5-51.3.11|AUTODETECT|” b. There must be a yearning desire to forsake sin. Those who are eager by the grace of God to put to death their evil nature 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.5-51.3.11|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:5 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.13|AUTODETECT|” ) are pronounced forgiven 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.13|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.28.13|AUTODETECT|” ). Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.28.13|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 28:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . When the Sunday School teacher asked the class, What does it mean to repent? a little boy answered, To repent means to be sorry enough to quit doing what is wrong. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.13|AUTODETECT|” c. There must be the disposition of the heart to forgive others 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.13|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.32|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.32|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.14|AUTODETECT|” ). Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.14|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 6:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.15|AUTODETECT|” 14. But, in making us alive (see on verse 13), not only has God in mercy pardoned our transgressions against his holy law, he has even blotted out the law itself viewed in its demanding and curse-pronouncing character, that law which, because of its many rigid requirements and regulations, condemned us all. As a way of salvation and as a curse suspended above our heads God by means of his Son s substitutionary sacrifice abolished it. Says Paul: having blotted out the handwritten document that was against us, which by means of its requirements��88�� testified against��89�� us. This hand-writing or handwritten document is clearly the law 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.15|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.10|AUTODETECT|” ).��90�� In a sense that law was an adversary, an accuser of transgressors. It confronted men with the stern dictum, Cursed is every one who does not abide by all things that are written in the book of the law to do them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.10|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.27.26|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.27.26|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 27:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.7.4|AUTODETECT|” ). Moreover, it contained ever so many rules and regulations of a ceremonial nature, with reference to fasts, feasts, foods, offerings, etc. Since no one was ever able to keep the law either in its moral or ceremonial aspect, it continued for a long time its mission as accuser. With the coming of Christ, born to die, a great change took place. Paul tells the Colossians, harrassed as they were by false teachers who were trying to enforce their Judaistic ceremonies upon them and were even adding rules of their own, God has completely obliterated��91�� the document with its legal demands. How had this been accomplished?

Paul answers, and he took it out of the way by nailing it to the cross. God annulled the law when his Son satisfied its demand of perfect obedience, bore its curse, and fulfilled its shadows, its types and ceremonies. It was nailed to the cross with Jesus. It died when he died. And because of the substitutionary nature of Christ s sacrifice believers are no longer under the law but under grace 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 7:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.14|AUTODETECT|” 6:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.19|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.8|AUTODETECT|” ). This does not mean that the moral law has lost significance for the believer. It cannot imply that he should now forget about loving God above all and the neighbor as himself. On the contrary, the law of love has eternal validity 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.8|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 13:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.13.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.14|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It is the believer s supreme delight. He obeys it our of gratitude for the salvation that he has already received as a gift of God s sovereign grace. But he has been discharged from the law viewed as a code of rules and regulations, a means of obtaining eternal life, a curse threatening to destroy him.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.16|AUTODETECT|” 15. Here follows the last of three important acts whereby God grants to his children the joy of salvation (see on verse 13), the three being: (1) forgiveness of sins, (2) the setting aside of the law (in the sense explained), and now (3) the disarming of the principalities and authorities. Says Paul: and having stripped the principalities and the authorities of their power, he publicly exposed them to disgrace by triumphing over them in him.��92�� These principalities and authorities are angelic beings 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.0|AUTODETECT|” ), who are here (2:15) pictured as resisting God. It is not exactly clear just why Paul makes mention of them in the present connection. It is possible, nevertheless, that the immediately preceding statement of the abrogation of the law as our impersonal accuser may have led to this reference to personal accusers, namely, the evil angels.��93�� That would certainly be a very natural transition. It also reminds us of the apostle s argumentation in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.0|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.1-45.8.4|AUTODETECT|” . There, too, having pointed out how the demand of the law was satisfied 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.1-45.8.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:1 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.1.9-18.1.11|AUTODETECT|” ), the apostle asks in verse 33, Who shall lay anything to the charge of God s elect? and in verse 34, Who is he that condemns? Would anyone say that Paul, well-versed in the Old Testament as he was, did not include Satan among those personal accusers? The idea that Satan is the arch-accuser is, indeed, decidedly biblical 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.1.9-18.1.11|AUTODETECT|” Job 1:9 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.3.1-38.3.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.3.1-38.3.5|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 3:1 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.10|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 12:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Of course, the work of Satan and his hosts in their attempt to destroy believers is not confined to that of accusation. The baseness of these hordes of evil appears especially in this that first they tempt men to sin, and then, having succeeded in their sinister endeavor, they immediately accuse these same people before God, charging them with those very sins which they, these sinister spirits, devised.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.12|AUTODETECT|” Now in the midst of this terrific struggle 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.12|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.13|AUTODETECT|” ) the Colossians receive a word of comfort. Says Paul, as it were, You need not be afraid of these hosts of evil, for in principle the battle has already been won. It has been won for you. God himself has disarmed��94�� these principalities and powers. Did he not rescue us out of the domain of darkness? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.10|AUTODETECT|” ). Is not his Son the head of every principality and authority? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ). And is it not true that principalities and authorities (as well as thrones and dominions) are but creatures, having been created in him, through him, and with a view to him? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.1-40.4.11|AUTODETECT|” ). Remember, therefore, that, by means of that same Son, God stripped these principalities and authorities of their power. He utterly disarmed them. Did not Christ triumph over them in the desert of temptation? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.1-40.4.11|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:1 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.29|AUTODETECT|” ). Did he not bind the strong man? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 12:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.18|AUTODETECT|” ), casting out demons again and again to prove it? Did he not see Satan fallen as lightning from heaven? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.18|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.3|AUTODETECT|” ). When the devil and his hosts asserted themselves from Gethsemane to Golgotha 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.3|AUTODETECT|” Luke 22:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.53|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.53|AUTODETECT|” 53) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.22.12|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.22.12|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 22:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.22.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.22.16|AUTODETECT|” 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.10|AUTODETECT|” ), did not Christ by his vicarious death deprive Satan of even a semblance of legal ground on which to base his accusations? Was not the accuser of the brothers cast down, and this not only by means of Christ s vicarious death but also by his triumphant resurrection, ascension, and coronation? 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.10|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 12:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.20-49.1.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.20-49.1.23|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:20 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Is it not true, then, that by these great redemptive acts God publicly exposed these evil powers to disgrace, leading them captive in triumph, chained, as it were, to his triumphal chariot?��95�� Yes, in and through this Son of his love, this triumphant Christ, God has achieved the victory over Satan and all his hosts. And that victory is your life and your joy. Whatever you need is in Christ.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 16, 17. In line with what he had been saying with respect to the persuasive argumentation (2:3), philosophy, empty deceit, man-made tradition, and worldly rudiments (2:8) that characterized the thinking and propaganda of the false teachers, and the requirements of the law (2:14) upon which they superimposed their own regulations, Paul now continues, Therefore allow no one to pass judgment on you in questions of eating or of drinking or with respect to a festival or a new moon or a sabbath & ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.10.9|AUTODETECT|” The Jewish aspect of the Colossian Heresy stands out clearly here. Nevertheless, it is also evident that the error went beyond that mixture of Jewish religion and Christianity which is called Judaism, for the Colossian errorists passed judgment not only with respect to eating but also with respect to drinking, though with respect to the latter subject the Old Testament contains rather few prohibitions 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.10.9|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 10:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.6.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.6.3|AUTODETECT|” Num. 6:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.13.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.13.4|AUTODETECT|” Judg. 13:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.13.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.13.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.13.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.13.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.5.11|AUTODETECT|” ), though lack of moderation is strongly condemned 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.5.11|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 5:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.5.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.5.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=30.6.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=30.6.6|AUTODETECT|” Amos 6:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.20.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.20.1|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 20:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.11.0|AUTODETECT|” ). As to eating, the false teachers seem to have superimposed their own regulations upon the Old Testament laws regarding clean and unclean animals 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.11.0|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.23.0|AUTODETECT|” ). They also tried to impose restrictions in connection with festivals think of Passover, Pentecost, Feast of Tabernacles, and perhaps others 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.23.0|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.10.10|AUTODETECT|” ) , new moon 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.10.10|AUTODETECT|” Num. 10:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.28.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.28.11|AUTODETECT|” 28:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.8-2.20.11|AUTODETECT|” ), and sabbath 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.20.8-2.20.11|AUTODETECT|” Ex. 20:8 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.31.14-2.31.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.31.14-2.31.16|AUTODETECT|” 31:14 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). There was evidence, therefore, of a distinctly ascetic tendency. The main purpose of placing such stress on all such regulations was to convince the Colossians that strict observance was absolutely indispensable to salvation, or if not to salvation as such, at least to fulness, perfection in salvation (see on verses 9, 10). Paul issues a strong warning against this implied denial of the all-sufficiency of Christ, by continuing, which things even in their legitimate Old Testament context are a shadow of those that were coming, but the object casting the shadow is to be found with Christ.��96��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.35|AUTODETECT|” Why regard as indispensable ordinances as to eating, when the One fore-shadowed by Israel s manna is offering himself as the Bread of Life 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.35|AUTODETECT|” John 6:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.48|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.48|AUTODETECT|” 48) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.0|AUTODETECT|” )? How can the observance of the Passover 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.0|AUTODETECT|” Ex. 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.5.7|AUTODETECT|” ) be considered a means unto spiritual perfection when our Passover has been sacrificed, even Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.5.7|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 5:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.28|AUTODETECT|” )? What justification could there be for imposing upon converts from the Gentile world the observance of the Jewish sabbath, when the Bringer of eternal rest is urging every one to come unto him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.29|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.29|AUTODETECT|” 29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.8|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.8|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 4:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=58.4.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 )? To be sure, for the time being a shadow that is cast by an approaching person may prove to be of some real value. For example, it is possible that one is eagerly expecting this person but happens to be so situated that, at his approach, for a moment his shadow alone is seen. However, that shadow not only guarantees the imminent arrival of the visitor but even provides a dim outline, describing him. Thus, too, the Old Testament regulations had served a real purpose. But now that Christ and salvation in him had arrived, what further use could such shadows serve?

Though it was not wrong for the Jew, trained from his infancy in the law, for a period of transition to observe some of these customs as mere customs, having nothing whatever to do with salvation, it was certainly wrong to ascribe to them a value which they did not have, and to try to impose them upon the Gentiles. And if this was true with respect to Old Testament regulations, it was certainly even far more true with respect to man-made regulations of an ascetic character that were being superimposed upon, added to, and in some cases perhaps even substituted for the law of God. Thus the all-sufficiency and pre-eminence of Christ was being denied. And that, after all, was the basic error.) 1 5 2 8 0 0 ) 2:18, 19) III. Warning against Angel-Worship) 18 Let no one disqualify you by delighting in humility and the worship of the angels, taking his stand on the things he has seen, without cause puffed up by his fleshly mind, 19 and not keeping firm hold on the Head, from whom the entire body, supported and held together by joints and ligaments, grows with a growth (that is) from God.) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.12|AUTODETECT|” 18. Turning now to the subject of angel-worship, which was one of the characteristics of the Colossian Heresy, Paul writes, Let no one disqualify you.��97�� Let no ritualist tell you, Since you, Colossians, are not following my rules and regulations, you are not in the race or contest at all. You are unfit, unworthy. Particularly, do not begin to feel inferior when such a person, in addition to stressing the importance of all those restrictions as to eating, drinking, etc., tries to put you to shame by his attempt to draw a sharp contrast between yourself and himself. Let him not disqualify you by his delighting��98�� in humility & Now sincere humility, is, indeed, a precious virtue 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.12|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.3|AUTODETECT|” , and see N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.3|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), but the humility of which this false teacher boasted was nothing but a thin disguise for insufferable pride, as is clear also from verse 23. This person was as umble as Uriah Heep in David Copperfield.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Paul continues, and (also delighting in) the worship of the angels. The question arises, Just what is the relation between humility and the worship of angels? The answer is not given. Perhaps the suggestion that has been offered by more than one commentator is correct, namely, that the teacher of error was trying to create the impression that he considered himself too insignificant to approach God directly, hence sought to contact Deity through the mediation of angels, and since the angels were willing to perform this service for him or, in order that they might oblige worshiped them.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.16|AUTODETECT|” With respect to the words here translated the worship of the angels there is much difference of opinion among commentators. Some prefer the rendering, angelic piety or worship as practised by angels. But the fact that Paul in this epistle constantly emphasizes Christ s pre-eminence above all creatures, including the angels 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|” 2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.10|AUTODETECT|” ) and that he says of the angels, seems to indicate that he was combating angel-worship. Not only this, but there is evidence tending to support the theory that angel-worship was practised in the general region in which Colosse was located. Did not the Holy Spirit through John, the disciple whom Jesus loved, strongly condemn angel-worship? See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.10|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 19:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.8|AUTODETECT|” 22:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.18|AUTODETECT|” . And did not John, during a considerable portion of his ministry, have Ephesus, only a little over one hundred miles to the west of Colosse, as his headquarters? Moreover, as has been pointed out in footnote 76, the Essenes, whose doctrine in certain respects resembled the one here attacked (though the Colossian errorists may not have been Essenes!), required of those who were about to be admitted to full membership an oath carefully to guard & the names of the angels. The Synod of Laodicea one of the three cities of the Lycus Valley; see Introduction II A in the year a.d. 363 declared, It is not right for Christians to abandon the church of God and go away to invoke angels (Canon XXV). A century afterward Theodoret, commenting on this very Scripture-passage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.18|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), states, The disease which St. Paul denounces, continued for a long time in Phrygia and Pisidia. Irenaeus, himself from Asia Minor but widely traveled, in his work Against Heresies (a.d. 182 188), implies both the widespread presence of angel-worship in the camp of the emissaries of error and the firm stand of the primitive church against this evil practice when he states, Nor does she [i.e. the church] perform anything by means of angelic invocations, or by incarnations, or by any other wicked curious art; but directing her prayers to the Lord who made all things & and calling on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, she has been accustomed to work miracles for the advantage of mankind, and not to lead men into error (II.xxxii.5). It is known that Michael, a leader of the host of angels, was worshiped widely in Asia Minor, and this worship, too, continued for centuries. So, for example, as late as a.d. 739 the scene of a great victory over the Saracens was dedicated to him. His worship is also implied in inscriptions found in Galatia. And he was given credit for miraculous cures.��99��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.16|AUTODETECT|” From all this it would seem that the rendering the worship of the angels is correct. For the theory according to which these angels were astral spirits, rulers of the planetary spheres, see footnote 83 above. And for Paul s own teaching respecting angels see not only above, on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.15|AUTODETECT|” 2:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , but also N.T.C. on I and II Timothy, and Titus, pp. 183 185.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Paul continues, taking his stand��100�� on the things he has seen.��101��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.8.1|AUTODETECT|” This man pretends (perhaps even believes) to have seen something, and he presumes on this experience he has had. He makes the most of it. If any one ventures to contradict him or to question the truth of his theories, he will answer, But I have seen such and such a vision. In saying this and in relating the vision he will, of course, assume an air of deep insight into divinely revealed mysteries. He prides himself on what he regards as his superior knowledge. He forgets that Knowledge puffs up but love builds up 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.8.1|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 8:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.12.1-47.12.14|AUTODETECT|” ). He is, continues Paul, without cause puffed up by his fleshly mind. Note without cause, that is, though he is filled with an exalted opinion of himself, he has no good reason to feel this way. His mind, moreover, is distinctly the mind of the flesh, the attitude or disposition of heart and mind apart from regenerating grace.��102�� It is important in this connection to observe that for the mind to be fleshly or of the flesh it is not necessary that it be fixed on purely physical things. ��103�� On the contrary, it is of the flesh if it bases its hope for salvation on anything apart from Christ, as verse 19 clearly indicates. Whether the ground or which it bases this confidence be physical strength, charm, good works, or, as here, transcendental visions, makes no difference. It is the mind of the flesh all the same.

Note how Paul exposes this individual who pretends to take such pleasure in humility or self-abasement. He says, as it were, This man who pretends to be so very humble is in reality unbearably proud. His mind is inflated with the sense of his own importance, as he brags about the things he has seen. Contrast this tawdry behavior with respect to questionable visions with Paul s own sensible reaction in regard to real visions 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.1-47.12.14|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 12:1 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 )) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.3|AUTODETECT|” 19. The trouble with this combination philosopher-ritualist-angel worshiper-ascetic-visionary is that he is taking his stand on the things he has seen & and not keeping firm hold on the Head. He does not cling to Christ. He fails to see that Christ is all-sufficient for salvation, and that all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hidden in him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.3|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.18|AUTODETECT|” ). Hence, Paul continues, from whom the entire body, supported and held together by joints and ligaments, grows with a growth (that is) from God. It should not be necessary to defend the proposition that when the apostle, having just referred to Christ as the Head, now speaks about the entire body, he is thinking about the church. That, in such a connection, this is the only possible meaning is clearly implied in such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.24|AUTODETECT|” 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.15|AUTODETECT|” 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.22|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.23|AUTODETECT|” 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.16|AUTODETECT|” 4:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .��104��) 1 2 2 8 0 0 The underlying figure in this passage is that of the growth of the human body. The aptness of Paul s metaphor has been questioned, and this for two reasons:) Objection No. 1. The apostle implies that in a human body the head is the source of growth. This is faulty, ancient physiology.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Answer. As was indicated in connection with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , the hormone that is closely related to the growth of connective tissue, cartilage, and bone structure of the body originates in the pituitary gland which is housed in a small cavity in the base of the skull. And that is only one of several ways in which the head influences the growth of the body.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Objection No. 2. According to Paul nourishment is ministered (A.V.) to the body by joints and ligaments. Lightfoot similarly states that one of the two functions of the joints and ligaments is to supply nutriment (op. cit., p. 200). But we now know that it is not joints and ligaments but the bloodstream that carries nourishment to the various cells and tissues of the human body. Therefore, Paul was in error.) Answer. The proper rendering is the entire body supported and held together by joints and ligaments. ��105�� Now the fact that the body is, indeed, thus supported and held together is common knowledge.

It is not refuted by the most up to date science. Therefore, instead of hinting that the apostle is basing his argument on loose physiology (Moule, op. cit., p. 107), the question may well be asked whether the rendering according to which joints and ligaments supply nutriment to the body is not loose translation. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.0|AUTODETECT|” So much for the underlying figure. Now as to the real message which the apostle is here conveying, in the light of the context it is clear that the main idea is that to Christ the entire church owes its growth. The church need not and must not look for any other source of strength to overcome sin or to increase in knowledge, virtue, and joy. Just as the human body, when properly supported and held together by joints and ligaments, experiences normal growth, so also the church, when each of its members supports and maintains loving contact with the others, will, under the sustaining care of God, proceed from grace to grace and from glory to glory 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.0|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.16|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 6 2 8 0 0 ) 2:20 23) IV. Warning against Asceticism) 20 If with Christ you died to the rudiments of the world, why, as though you were (still) living in the world, do you submit to regulations, 21 Do not handle, Do not taste, Do not touch 22 referring to things that are meant for destruction by their consumption according to the precepts and doctrines of men? 23 Regulations of this kind, though to be sure having a reputation for wisdom because of their self-imposed ritual, humility, and unsparing treatment of the body, are of no value whatever, (serving only) to indulge the flesh.) ) 20 22. In this paragraph Paul condemns the program of austerity recommended by the proponents of error. The connection between these verses and the immediately preceding warning against the worship of the angels (vss. 18, 19) is obscure. Did the impostors perhaps use their presumed contact with the angelic world as a basis for imposing ascetic restrictions on themselves and on others? Did they say, It must be true that by following these rules you will achieve the victory over fleshly indulgence and obtain fulness of salvation, for an angel showed me this in a vision ?

We do not know. One fact is certain. It is this, that the apostle teaches that asceticism, no less than the worship of the angels, does more harm than good. Instead of being a remedy against fleshly indulgence, it fosters and promotes the latter.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.4|AUTODETECT|” The apostle has already warned against the persuasive arguments of the deceivers 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.18-48.2.21|AUTODETECT|” ). He has described this type of propaganda as philosophy and vain deceit according to the tradition of men (2:8). He has shown that if even the law of God, as a code of ceremonial ordinances and rules and as a means unto salvation, was blotted out and nailed to the cross, then surely man-made instructions regarding eating, drinking, etc., must be discarded (2:14, 16). Such added rules and regulations and the teachings of which they are the outgrowth are nothing but puerile notions, worldly rudiments. They amount to no more than high-sounding nonsense that is distinctly worldly in its origin and character. Continuing, therefore, along this line, and directing his attention now to an extreme form of this error, namely, to rigid abstinence, Paul says, If with Christ you died to the rudiments of the world, why, as though you were (still) living in the world, do you submit to regulations. If you died with Christ, as, of course, you did, for you were buried with him (see on verse 12 above) and you were raised with him (verse 12 again; also 3:1), then you have also in that very act made a complete break with all such rudimentary instruction that bases its hope upon anything apart from Christ and fulness of salvation in him. (For the meaning of the expression rudiments of the world see on verse 8; also footnote 83.) What is, perhaps, the most beautiful explanation, in Paul s own words, of the basic meaning of this passage is found in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.18-48.2.21|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:18 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.6.14|AUTODETECT|” . There Paul is speaking about building (verse 18). He is building by faith, the faith that is in the Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself up for me. He continues, I do not nullify the grace of God: for if righteousness [or: justification] were through the law, then Christ died to no purpose. And surely if basing one s hope upon the law was contrary to the principle of salvation solely on the basis of the redemptive merits of Christ, then this would be true all the more with respect to trusting in purely human ordinances. By reliance on them the Colossians would be acting as though they were still living in the world, that is, in the sphere of life that is separated from Christ.

But to this world Paul and all true believers have been crucified. Says he, But far be it from me to glory except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.6.14|AUTODETECT|”

Gal. 6:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.4.9|AUTODETECT|”

). Away, therefore, with all such weak and beggarly rudiments, such teachings and regulations which draw the heart away from Christ as the only Savior 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.4.9|AUTODETECT|”

Gal. 4:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

)!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.4.3|AUTODETECT|”

With scornful and stinging ridicule Paul now summarizes these regulations, using for this purpose pithy, sparkling, proverbial language: Do not handle, Do not taste, Do not touch. He says, as it were, Why submit to a series of Dont s, as if by adding enough negatives you would ever obtain a positive, or as if victory over sin and progress in sanctification would ever be achieved by basing all your confidence in sheer avoidance. Says Lightfoot, Some [of these prohibitions] were doubtless re-enactments of the Mosaic law; while others would be exaggerations or additions of a rigorous asceticism, such as we find among the Essene prototypes of these Colossian heretics; e.g., the avoidance of oil, of wine, or of flesh-meat, the shunning of contact with a stranger or a religious inferior, and the like (op. cit., p. 203). Of course, in reality we do not know exactly what ascetic rules Paul had in mind when he issued this warning, nor do we know precisely what was their background.��106�� That restrictions as to the use of foods and beverages were included is implied in the terse commands. Note especially Do not taste. It is also clear from the parenthetical statement which follows in verse 22. Whether marriage was also forbidden 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.4.3|AUTODETECT|”

I Tim. 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

) or at least subjected to rigorous restrictions we do not know. It would seem, however, that the prohibitions concerned themselves especially with eating and drinking, for the apostle continues & referring to things that are meant for destruction by their consumption according to the precepts and doctrines of men?��107��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.6.13|AUTODETECT|”

What Paul stresses here is that it is certainly most foolish to base one s hope for victory over sin and for complete salvation on anything pertaining to that which in the process of nature is doomed to destruction. Food and drink regulations (here probably especially the former), having as their purpose the betterment of man s moral and spiritual condition, are based on purely human precepts and doctrines. The parenthetical clause referring to things that are meant for destruction by their consumption 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.6.13|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 6:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.15.17|AUTODETECT|”

) corresponds exactly to the teaching of Jesus in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.15.17|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 15:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.15.9|AUTODETECT|”

Do you not understand that whatever goes into the mouth passes into the stomach, and is discharged into the latrine? The description of the regulations as being in accordance with the precepts and doctrines of men also immediately reminds one of what Jesus said as reported in another verse of that same chapter of Matthew, namely, teaching (as their) doctrines precepts of men 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.9|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 15:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.29.13|AUTODETECT|” ), which, in turn, is a quotation from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.29.13|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 29:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.6|AUTODETECT|” . The point of all this teaching, both in Isaiah and in the words of Jesus, is not only to show that such man-made ordinances and the doctrines from which they spring are worthless, but also and emphatically that they are worse than worthless, that is, actually harmful. Hence, according to the Isaiah passage a woe is pronounced upon those who substitute the commandment of men for the heart-centered fear of Jehovah, and in the context of the Matthew passage Jesus sharply denounces those in his day who nullified the word of God for the sake of their tradition 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.15.6|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 15:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0

23. Entirely in line with this the apostle concludes this section as follows: Regulations of this kind,��108�� though, to be sure, having a reputation��109�� for wisdom because of their self-imposed ritual,��110�� humility, and unsparing treatment of the body, are of no value whatever, (serving only) to indulge the flesh.��111��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.6.19|AUTODETECT|” Here sell-imposed ritual refers to the worship of the angels of which Paul had spoken in verse 18, and humility repeats what he said in that same verse about the sham self-abasement of the teachers of error. The unsparing treatment of the body has been explained in verses 20, 21. The home-made piety of these cultists made a deep impression on some people. How serious and godly these propagandists seemed to be, and how humble! Perhaps by copying their example the Colossians, striving against sins of the flesh such as are mentioned in 3:5, 8, 9, would be able to achieve the moral and spiritual victory they were seeking. Not at all, says Paul.

Neglect of the body will never cure the soul. Man s body as well as his soul is dear to the Lord, being a temple of the Holy Spirit 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.19|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 6:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The soul-body contrast, as if the body were evil and for that reason had to be punished, while the soul was divine, smacks of gnostic dualism or hellenism. The worship of the angels reminds one of polytheism. The humility is definitely faked. In reality these teachers of falsehood are proud. If people are deceived by them and accept their worse than worthless advice, this will flatter the pride of these philosophers. Any system of religion which is unwilling to accept Jesus Christ as the only and all-sufficient Savior is an indulgence of the flesh, a giving in to man s sinful conceit, as if he, by his own contrivances, were able to perfect Christ s imperfect (?) work. It makes matters worse instead of better.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.18|AUTODETECT|” Again and again Paul condemns sinful pride. In addition to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.18|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.23|AUTODETECT|” 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.21|AUTODETECT|” , see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.22|AUTODETECT|” 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.30|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.30|AUTODETECT|” 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.16|AUTODETECT|” 12:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.8.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.8.1|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 8:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.8.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.8.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.6|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.4|AUTODETECT|” 6:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.4.6|AUTODETECT|” . Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.4.6|AUTODETECT|” James 4:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.5|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 5:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.16.18|AUTODETECT|” . It is the haughty spirit that goes before a fall 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.16.18|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 16:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.1|AUTODETECT|” ). Not only those who actually swagger before men 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.1|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 6:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.10-42.18.12|AUTODETECT|” ), nor only those who strut in the presence of the Almighty 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.10-42.18.12|AUTODETECT|” Luke 18:10 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.16.5|AUTODETECT|” ), but also those who conceal their revolting conceit behind a mask of humility are an abomination to Jehovah 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.16.5|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 16:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.3.5|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.3.5|AUTODETECT|” 3:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.16.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.16.18|AUTODETECT|” 16:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.26.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.26.12|AUTODETECT|” 26:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.29.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.29.23|AUTODETECT|” 29:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.101.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.101.5|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 101:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.0|AUTODETECT|” b). Is there a danger that the Colossians will slip back into their former fleshly life? There is a far better solution than that which is offered by the false teachers. In harmony with all that Paul has so far been saying see especially 1:9 23, 27, 28; 2:2, 3, 6 10 that solution is pointed out in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.0|AUTODETECT|” Colossians 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.0|AUTODETECT|” Summary of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.0|AUTODETECT|” Colossians 2) 1 8 2 8 0 0 Paul concluded the last paragraph by saying, I am laboring, striving by his energy working powerfully within me. In a new paragraph which begins in what we now call Chapter 2 he once more picks up this idea of striving, and writes, For I want you to know how greatly I strive for you, etc. He is wrestling in prayer, in planning, in dictating this letter, and perhaps in other ways, being deeply concerned over the dangers that are threatening the churches located in the Lycus Valley. These dangers do not touch merely the intellect; no, they touch the heart! Paul writes, I strive for all who have not seen my face in the flesh & that their hearts may be strengthened. Heresy is usually a matter of the heart, and so is true soundness.

Fully realizing that impostors are placing great stress on such matters as knowledge, philosophy, (abstract and worldly!), Paul emphasizes love. He fervently hopes and prays that the Colossians and their neighbors may be welded together in love. Such a unity results in praying together, discussing matters together, worshiping together, the result being that the entire company of believers will obtain a clear knowledge of the mystery of God, even Christ. Having discovered this mystery, no further discoveries need be attempted. Christ cannot be supplemented, for in him, all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hidden ; hidden, yes, but with a view to being revealed to every believer and fully appropriated. Continue to cling to Christ Jesus, the Lord, says Paul, just as you sometime ago made that wonderful decision to accept him.

Continue in what you were taught, and let no one carry you off as spoil by means of his philosophy and empty deceit, according to the tradition of men, according to the rudiments of the world, and not according to Christ. Watch out for those worldly rudiments, those puerile notions advanced by worldly people. Remember that not only divinity dwells in Christ but deity. Being God in the fullest sense of the term, he is able and eager to supply your every need. He is higher than all the angels in the sky, and overrules every sinister device of Satan and his helpers.) In order to gain victory over sin and fulness of salvation it will not be necessary for you to be circumcised. In fact, you have already received a circumcision that far excels the literal kind.

You received the circumcision of the heart. It is yours because of your vital union with Christ, having been buried with him and having been raised with him. You received the sign and seal of this in your baptism. Let not the law of Moses with its many ordinances frighten you. When Christ died, the law, with all its ceremonial regulations, died with him. It was nailed to his cross!

Both the law and Satan have lost all legal claim against you. By means of Christ s death on the cross the law lost its hold on you (as a means of salvation), and the principalities and powers (angels) that might wish to accuse you were openly exposed to disgrace. This holds too with respect to regulations concerning food or drink, festivals, new moon, and sabbath. When once the object that projected its shadow arrives, it is foolish to keep clinging to the shadow. The types are fulfilled in Christ.) Don t be impressed by those people who make a show of their humility, pretending that they are too unworthy to contact God directly and must therefore seek to reach God by the mediation of angels whom they adore and worship. [It is not certain, however, that this was their real reason for worshiping the angels. It is a suggestion that has been offered by many.] Do not allow those pretenders to disqualify you, as if your manner of worshiping God (or Christ) is not good enough.

Remember, instead of being really humble, these impostors are puffed up by their fleshly mind. They are not keeping firm hold on the Head, from whom the entire body, supported and held together by joints and ligaments, grows with a growth (that is) from God. ) And finally, if with Christ you died to the world s puerile notions, why then do you submit to ordinances, Do not handle, Do not taste, Do not touch. Such man-made regulations have merely a show of wisdom. If you obey them, thinking that conquest over evil and fulness of salvation lies in that direction, you will be worse off than ever before. Such self-imposed ritual serves only to indulge the flesh. It feeds man s pride.

It will but lead you away from Christ and fulness of salvation in him.) ) ) ) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.29|AUTODETECT|”

71 The rendering of the A.V., what great conflict I have for you, is more literal, but fails to show the closeness of the connection between ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.29|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 1:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

and 2:1. In the original for these two verses the apostle uses two words derived from the same stem, which could almost be rendered agonizing (1:29), and agony (2:1). See footnote 70.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.4.6|AUTODETECT|”

72 Clearly E��� here, as in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.4.6|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 4:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.18.17|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.18.17|AUTODETECT|”

Rev. 18:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

, includes those previously mentioned. This E��� is reflected in �P��� of verse 2 and even in Q��� of verse 4.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.28.20|AUTODETECT|”

73 The basic meaning of the verb ��������� is I call to my side; hence, I summon 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.28.20|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 28:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.2|AUTODETECT|”

). But a person may be summoned for various purposes. Hence, the word has a great variety of derived meanings, the exact sense in any given case to be determined by the context. When used, as here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.2|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 2:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.4.8|AUTODETECT|”

, with hearts it is best translated strengthen, encourage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.4.8|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 4:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.6.22|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.6.22|AUTODETECT|”

Eph. 6:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=53.2.17|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=53.2.17|AUTODETECT|”

II Thess. 2:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.1|AUTODETECT|”

active). Cf. also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.1|AUTODETECT|”

Phil. 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

if therefore (there is) any encouragement in Christ. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.16|AUTODETECT|” 74 Basic meaning of the verb ��������� is I cause to come together; I bring, hold, knit, or weld together, unite 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.16|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.2|AUTODETECT|” , literally; here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.2|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.13|AUTODETECT|” fig.). It is easy to see how this basic meaning developed into other connotations: I teach 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.13|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 40:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.14|AUTODETECT|”

14. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.16|AUTODETECT|” : Who has taught him? quoted in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.16|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 2:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.22|AUTODETECT|” ), I prove 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.22|AUTODETECT|” Acts 9:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.10|AUTODETECT|” ), or I conclude 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.10|AUTODETECT|” Acts 16:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.2|AUTODETECT|” 75 Literally, all the riches of the assurance of the understanding. Assurance is the meaning that fits every New Testament passage in which ���������� is used 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.2|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.5|AUTODETECT|” also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.5|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.11|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 6:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.22|AUTODETECT|” 10:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 3 2 8 0 0 N.T.C. W. Hendriksen, New Testament Commentary) 76 ) The word for hidden is pl. of �������� from which we have derived our words apocrypha and apochryphal. According to Josephus (Jewish War II.viii.7) before being admitted to the full privileges of the order of the Essenes the novice was made to swear tremendous oaths & to conceal nothing from the members of the sect and to report none of their secrets to others, even though he should be tortured to death & and likewise carefully to guard the books of their sect and the names of the angels. Irenaeus (Against Heresies I.xx.1) reports that the Marcosians adduce an unspeakable number of apocryphal and spurious writings, which they themselves have forged. And Clement of Alexandria (Stromata or Miscellanies I.15) states, of the secret books of this man, those who follow the heresy of Prodicus boast to be in possession.

The false teachers who vexed the Colossians with their dangerous doctrines may similarly have boasted about their secret, hidden writings. Lightfoot says, Thus the word apocrypha in the first instance was an honorable appellation applied by the heretics themselves to their esoteric doctrine and their secret books; but owing to the general character of these works the term, as adopted by orthodox writers, got to signify false, spurious (op. cit., p. 174).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|” It is possible, therefore, although it cannot be proved, that when the apostle here refers to Christ s hidden treasures, and implies that they are freely offered to those who would accept them by faith 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), he is contrasting these real and inexhaustible treasures with the worthless secrets of the false teachers, and this glorious hiding with the concealment practised by the heretics.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.26|AUTODETECT|” 77 In my 36 page booklet, And So All Israel Shall Be Saved, I have given what I consider to be the correct interpretation of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.26|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 11:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 a and its context.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 78 In agreement with many commentators I cannot see any good reason for accepting Lightfoot s suggestion that Paul is using a military metaphor: your orderly array and close phalanx. The context does not require this interpretation.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.7.8|AUTODETECT|” 79 Three kinds of tradition are mentioned in the New Testament: (a) the Jewish oral law. Said Josephus, the Pharisees have handed down to the people a great many observances by succession from their fathers which are not written in the law of Moses (Antiq. XIII.x.6). Jesus reflects on these man-made additions in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.7.8|AUTODETECT|” Mark 7:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.7.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.7.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.8|AUTODETECT|” ; (b) the tradition of men 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.8|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.6|AUTODETECT|” ; see on that verse); and (c) the true God-given gospel, as taught by Christ and his apostles, sometimes called the apostolic tradition. The reference in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.6|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 is to (c).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.24.6|AUTODETECT|” 80 The combination plant and building is also found in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.24.6|AUTODETECT|” Jer. 24:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.15|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.15|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.16|AUTODETECT|” 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Is it correct to speak of a mixed metaphor here? Is it not rather a case of one underlying figure following another in rapid succession? I can see no confusion here.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.23|AUTODETECT|” 81 I take �� ������ to be dative of respect or reference, not (with Lightfoot) instrumental. Also, in contrast with Lenski, I believe that this faith is to be taken in the subjective sense, although here, as in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.23|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , there is a very close connection between this faith-activity and its object, as the following clause indicates.) 1 5 2 8 0 0 R.S.V. Revised Standard Version) A.V. Authorized Version (King James)) A.R.V. American Standard Revised Version) 82 ) Note what a difference a single letter makes:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|” (1) ������ used here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.20|AUTODETECT|” (nowhere else in the New Testament) means deity; ������� used in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.20|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 (and there alone in the New Testament) indicates divinity. Cf. German: Gottheit und G�ttlichkeit; Dutch: godheid en goddelijkheid. The difference has been expressed beautifully by E. K. Simpson in these words: The hand of omnipotence may be traced in the countless orbs that bespangle the heavens, and in the marvelous coadjustments of our comparatively tiny globe; but in the Son we behold the face of God unveiled, the express image and transcript of his very being (Words Worth Weighing in the Greek New Testament. See also R. C. Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament, par. ii.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 (2) A��������, as the Nicene Creed declared, means of the same substance or essence, the Son being consubstantial with the Father, while the weaker A���������, preferred by the Arians, means similar in substance or essence. Though the difference seems to be trivial only one letter! it is actually nothing less than that between declaring that Jesus is God and saying that he is man, a very divine man, to be sure, but man nevertheless. Was not the slogan of these heretics, There was a time when he was not ?) 83 Because of its length this footnote has been placed at the end of the chapter, page 135.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.22|AUTODETECT|” 84 Objective genitive after ������� as in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.22|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 3:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.26|AUTODETECT|” 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.22|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.12|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 3:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.9|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.13|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 85 ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.2|AUTODETECT|” As to discarding circumcision Paul uses language that is definite and strong: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.2|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.11|AUTODETECT|” . In Colossians he opposes this rite for believers from the Gentiles in this new dispensation. In a religious sense circumcision was, indeed, a blessing in the old dispensation. For a person living in that era to receive the sign of entrance into the covenant was certainly not bad in itself. On the contrary, it was a blessing as a sign and a seal of the righteousness of faith 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.11|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 4:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It was, however, never to be regarded as being in and by itself a vehicle of grace or indispensable to salvation. It stands to reason that with the shedding of Christ s blood on Calvary these bloody signs and seals (circumcision and the killing of the Passover lamb) attained their fulfilment, and were rendered moribund. The grievous error of the false teachers was therefore twofold: a. the attempt to force this obsolescent rite upon believers from the Gentiles; b. the view that circumcision was in and by itself a vehicle of grace, imparting to the recipient a blessing which mere (?) faith in Christ could never have given him. The error was therefore a denial of Christ s all-sufficiency! For more about this see on verses 16, 17.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 This entire discussion, however, moves in the realm of moral and spiritual values. It has nothing to do with the physical or health value of circumcision in any age. S. I. McMillen, M.D., in his most interesting book, None of These Diseases, published by the Fleming H. Revell Co., has high praise for circumcision as a health measure, especially in the prevention of cervical cancer (pp. 19 21). His remarks and statistics are most interesting and instructive. But that is the physical side. Paul discusses the moral and spiritual question.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.11-51.2.13|AUTODETECT|” 86 I am speaking here about a clear implication. The surface contrast is that between literal circumcision and circumcision without hands, namely, the circumcision of the heart, as explained. But the implication also is clear. Hence, the following statement is correct: Since, then, baptism has come in the place of circumcision 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.11-51.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:11 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.17.1-1.17.14|AUTODETECT|” ), the children should be baptized as heirs of the kingdom of God and of his covenant (Form for the Baptism of Infants in Psalter Hymnal of the Christian Reformed Church, Grand Rapids, Mich., 1959, p. 86). When God made his covenant with Abraham the children were included 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.17.1-1.17.14|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 17:1 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.38|AUTODETECT|” ). This covenant, in its spiritual aspects, was continued in the new dispensation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.38|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.39|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.39|AUTODETECT|” 39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.9-45.4.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.9-45.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 4:9 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.7|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.29|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.29|AUTODETECT|” 29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ). Therefore the children are still included and should still receive the sign, which in the present dispensation, as Paul makes clear in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.14-41.10.16|AUTODETECT|” , is baptism. Surely, God is not less generous now than he was in the old dispensation! Further evidence in support of this position can be found in passages such as the following: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.14-41.10.16|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:14 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.15-42.18.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.15-42.18.17|AUTODETECT|” Luke 18:15 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.15|AUTODETECT|” Acts 16:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.33|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.33|AUTODETECT|” 33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.16|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.11|AUTODETECT|” 87 This discussion would hardly be complete if nothing were said with reference to the mode of baptism, since it is especially upon passages such as this that immersionists base their claim that baptism by immersion is the only valid baptism. They see in the words having been buried with him in your baptism an endorsement of immersion into the water; and in the words, in which you were also raised with him solid support for emersion out of the water. With all love and respect for our brothers in Christ I venture to say, however, that in connection with baptism Scripture also uses other expressions which, on the basis of this kind of reasoning, would then also have to be regarded as indicating the proper mode of baptism. If being buried with Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 6:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.6|AUTODETECT|” ) means that baptism must be by immersion, why should not being crucified with Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.6|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 6:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.5|AUTODETECT|” ) indicate that baptism should be by crucifixion, being planted with him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.6.5|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 6:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.27|AUTODETECT|” A.V. and original) that it should be by implantation, and putting on Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.27|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) that it should be by habilitation? As I see it, John Murray is right when he says, When all of Paul s expressions are taken into account we see that burial with Christ can be appealed to as providing an index to the mode of baptism no more than can crucifixion with him. And since the latter does not indicate the mode of baptism there is no validity to the argument that burial does. The fact is that there are many aspects to our union with Christ. It is arbitrary to select one aspect and find in the language used to set it forth the essence of the mode of baptism (Christian Baptism, p. 31).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 88 The original has given rise to various interpretations, and is difficult. The difficulty concerns two phrases: ���� !��� and ���� ��������. If ���� !��� is rendered against us and ���� �������� is construed with handwriting the result may be a translation that is open to the charge of tautology: the handwriting with its ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us (cf. somewhat similar rendering in A.V. and A.R.V., text). J. A. T.

Robinson avoids this difficulty by taking ���� !��� to mean in our name (The Body, p. 43 n.). But it is difficult to find substantiation for that meaning. E. Percy (op. cit., pp. 88, 89), followed by Ridderbos (op. cit., pp. 186, 187), construes ���� ������� with the following clause; hence, the handwriting that was against us, which by means of its ordinances testified against us. This rendering, in substance, I can adopt. Bruce (op. cit., p. 237) states his objection to it in these words: It is rather awkward to construe ���� �������� with the following adjective clause, in spite of the parallels which he [Percy] adduces.

It cannot be denied, however, that there are these parallels, adduced not only by Percy (op. cit., p. 88, footnote 43) but also by Gram.N.T. (Bl.-Debr), par. 475,1. Though placing a modifier in front of the relative clause to which it belongs may be regarded as exceptional, it is not so very exceptional, as the evidence which Percy and Bl.-Debr. supply, indicates. Besides, is there not, after all, a good reason for this advanced position of the modifier? Is it not true that, over against the false teachers with their love for ordinances and still more ordinances, the apostle desired to stress the idea that it was exactly because of these ordinances that the law had become our adversary, constantly testifying against us, transgressors? If that be borne in mind, the word-order does not seem so strange.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.27|AUTODETECT|” 89 Q���������, where ��� has the adversative sense. In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.27|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 10:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ��z� Q���������� means the adversaries. Also in the LXX this ���-compound is the equivalent of the Hebrew Mybh (enemy) and �ar (adversary, foe). Apart from Christ, the law is the sinner s adversary, bearing testimony against him.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.27.14-5.27.26|AUTODETECT|” 90 It is true that �����������, which basically handwriting, and so in its general sense, any document, frequently has the technical meaning bond, certificate of indebtedness. See A. Deissmann, Light from the Ancient East, pp. 331, 332. Taken in the latter sense the Jewish people might be said to have signed the contract when they bound themselves by a curse to observe all the enactments of the law 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.27.14-5.27.26|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 27:14 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.24.3|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.24.3|AUTODETECT|” Ex. 24:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.15|AUTODETECT|” ). Thus Lightfoot (op. cit., p. 187). But since the apostle speaks about a handwriting that testified against us, and he is obviously writing to Christians from among the Gentiles, a way must now be found to make this technical sense of the term fit the Gentiles also. Lightfoot offers as a solution the moral assent of the conscience which, as it were, signs and seals the obligation. Many commentators, in one way or another, follow this line of interpretation. It is a very attractive theory and lends itself beautifully to sermonizing. It is, however, very difficult to fit into the present context which has in view a document containing regulations or ordinances. Moreover, in the clearly parallel passage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.15|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” ) what has been abolished through the cross is not a certificate of indebtedness with our signature on it but the law of commandments with its requirements. I agree, therefore, with Beare when he states (op. cit., p. 198), It represents simply the law as a written code. Cf. also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.13|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.6|AUTODETECT|” , Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.6|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 7:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , But now we are discharged from the law. ) 1 6 2 8 0 0 91 The synonymous expression, he took it out of the way, meaning he has completely abrogated it indicates that the literal sense of ������� must not be pressed. Not the literal washing out of a signature or of an acknowledgment of debt is meant here but the complete destruction of the law, regarded as a code of rules and regulations.) 92 Note the symmetrical structure of verses 14 and 15, in both of which in the original the leading verb occurs between two modifying participles.) 93 Ridderbos rejects this idea as being unsupported by the context (op. cit., p. 189). I would rather leave room for this possibility, for the reasons stated in the text.) 94 ) Here I agree with Ridderbos as against Lightfoot and others. See Lightfoot s lengthy argumentation to the effect that ������������ must be translated as a true middle, so that the sense would be that Christ divested himself of the powers of evil which had clung like a Nessus robe about his humanity (op. cit., p. 190). Over against this note:) (1) In the New Testament the middle is occasionally used where the active is expected. See Gram.N.T. (Bl.-Debr), par. 316.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.11|AUTODETECT|” (2) In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.11|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.8|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.15|AUTODETECT|” the verb ���� is used in the middle voice with the meaning I put on armor. Hence, here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.15|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ������������ middle voice, could well mean disarming.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 (3) The subject of this sentence is still God. It is difficult to think of God as divesting himself of the evil angels as if they were clinging about him like a cloak.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.8|AUTODETECT|” 95 Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.8|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.14|AUTODETECT|” , and for a favorable application of the metaphor see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.14|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 2:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 3 2 8 0 0 96 ) On the basis of the rendering, But the body is Christ, some are of the opinion that the meaning is, But it is the body of Christ (the church) that must pass judgment in all such matters. However, the words ���� (shadow) and ���� (body or object) clearly belong together, and to introduce the church at this point is wholly arbitrary. Also, the reading of the original is: �x �r ���� ��� �������, literally, & but the body (or: the object) & of Christ, probably meaning, & but the object is to be found with Christ. ) The translation, But the substance or the reality is Christ is very popular. It may not be missing the truth by much. Nevertheless, it would seem to me that because of the close relation between ���� and ����, which are counterparts, Paul was thinking of a shadow and an object casting the shadow. The real contrast drawn by the apostle is not precisely between that which was unreal and that which is real the Old Testament regulations regarding these matters, and also the matters themselves, were real enough , but rather between that which was passing and should therefore be discarded and that which is abiding.

The shadow preceded the object casting it: the law with its regulations concerning foods, feasts, etc., fore-shadowed salvation in Christ. Why cling to the shadow when the shadow-casting object has itself arrived?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.15|AUTODETECT|” 97 The word ������������� is related to �������, judge, umpire, referee. Though the verb is rare, and in the New Testament occurs only here 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.15|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 for the simple �������), there seems to be no good reason to depart from the etymological meaning: to make an umpire s decision against a person, to judge against someone, to declare (someone) disqualified. Thus also R.S.V., NEV, and Moule.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.18.22|AUTODETECT|” 98 For the meaning of ����� � cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.18.22|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 18:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.10.9|AUTODETECT|” (LXX), The king delights in you. Cf. also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.10.9|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 10:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.112.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.112.1|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 112:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 (LXX 111:1).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 99 Cf. W. M. Ramsay, The Church in the Roman Empire, pp. 477 480.) 100 ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.18|AUTODETECT|” The words ������ �������� have led to well-nigh endless discussion. Light-foot fairly gives up the attempt to explain them. He states, The combination is so harsh and incongruous as to be barely possible; and there was perhaps some corruption in the text prior to existing authorities. By detaching ��� from the word ������, prefixing it to ��������, and making a slight change in the word from which ��� was subtracted, he arrives at the result: ��� (or �0���) ������������, treading the void while suspended in air, that is, indulging airily in vain speculations. J. R. Harris, in his article, St. Paul and Aristophanes, ET 34 (1922, 1923), pp. 151 156, saw a parallel between ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.18|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 and line 225 of The Clouds of Aristophanes, where Socrates, suspended in a basket, when asked what he was doing, replies, I tread on air and contemplate the sun. According to this view Paul, having read The Clouds, is here ridiculing the Colossian philosophizers as Aristophanes had satirized Socrates.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.18|AUTODETECT|” The question may well be asked, however, whether such and similar interpretations, all of them based on emendation of the text, are necessary. After all, the basic meaning of ������� seems to be I step upon, set foot upon (for illustrations of this use see Liddell and Scott, Greek-English Lexicon, Vol. I, p. 539); hence, I enter into, go deeply into, investigate, and so take my stand on. See G. G. Findlay, The Reading and Rendering of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.18|AUTODETECT|” Colossians 2:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.18|AUTODETECT|” , Exp, first series, 11 (1880), pp. 385 398. W. M. Ramsay, on the basis of an inscription from the temple of Apollo of Klaros, dating from the second century a.d., accordingly translates ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.18|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.19|AUTODETECT|” b, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 a as follows, taking his stand on what he has seen (in the mysteries), vainly puffed up by his unspiritual mind, and not keeping firm hold on the Head. See The Teaching of Paul in Terms of the Present Day, pp. 283 ff. This explanation of the expression is favored by M.M., pp. 205, 206, by Bruce, op. cit., pp. 248 250, and also by R.S.V., A.R.V. (margin), and the New American Standard Bible. I believe it also is clearly supported by the context: the man who takes his stand on hence, brags about (as the Berkeley Version puts it) what he has seen, is described as being vainly inflated by his fleshly mind. Cf. also the entry ������� in L.N.T. (A. and G.), p. 253. Ridderbos (op. cit., p. 194), on the other hand, favors (though with commendable caution) the rendering: as an initiate entering into that which he claims to have seen.

This entering into may be compared with the rendering intruding into of the A.V. Though by no means denying the possibility that Ridderbos is right, since there is definite evidence in support of this use of the word, I regard the translation taking his stand on as probably more nearly in harmony with the context in this instance, as has been indicated.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.9.39|AUTODETECT|” 101 The insertion not does not rest on the best textual evidence in the original. Perhaps sonic copyist who did not understand that when Paul said, with reference to this false teacher, taking his stand on the things he has seen, he meant, On the things he pretends (or even believes) to have seen, inserted this not in his copy, thinking that otherwise the ritualist would receive too much credit. But the idiom which the apostle uses is very transparent. We may compare Paul s expression the things he has seen with Christ s & that those that see may become blind 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.9.39|AUTODETECT|” John 9:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.9.41|AUTODETECT|” b), meaning, that those who pretend to see, and are constantly saying, We see, may become blind 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.9.41|AUTODETECT|” John 9:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 102 See summary of the meanings of ���� in Paul s epistles, N.T.C. on Philippians, p. 77, footnote 55. Meaning g. is indicated here.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.18|AUTODETECT|” 103 As L.N.T. (A. and G.), p. 547), wrongly interprets this word as used here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.18|AUTODETECT|” 104 It is, indeed, somewhat amazing that Dibelius tries to defend the theory that the body is here the cosmos. See his interpretation of this passage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 and 2:10) M. Dibelius-H. Greeven, An die Kolosser, Epheser, An Philemon, 1953 (in Handbuch zum Neuen Testament).) 1 9 2 8 0 0 105 See L.N.T. (A. and G.), p. 305, entry ���������, which furnishes the evidence for the use of the word in that sense. And see also N.T.C. on Philippians, p. 74, footnote 50 with reference to the meaning of the simple verb.) 106 What really was the origin and background of this asceticism? For a discussion of this question see the Introduction III B 2. Whether the Colossian errorists had at one time been Essenes we do not know. Resemblance does not necessarily mean identity or even descent.) 107 With most translators and commentators I take the question to be, If with Christ you died to the rudiments of the world, why, as though you were (still) living in the world, do you submit to regulations, Do not handle, Do not taste, Do not touch, according to the precepts and doctrines of men? (vss. 20, 21, 22b). The clause referring to things that are meant for destruction by their consumption (verse 22a) is then construed as a parenthesis within the question.

It shows that the regulations in this case prohibitions refer mainly to that which is consumed by the body. Therefore, the phrase according to the precepts and doctrines of men (verse 22b) is construed as modifying verses 20, 21. Others, however, would connect this phrase with the immediately preceding words, which are then no longer construed as a parenthesis. The result then reads as follows: & referring to things that are meant for destruction by their consumption, along with (or: as happens also to) the precepts and doctrines of men. Foods and human regulations are both doomed to perish. Cf.

H. Ridderbos, op. cit., p. 197, though he adds that the connection is rather loose. The reason I favor the more widely held view is that the words by their consumption can hardly be considered to apply not only to foods but also to the precepts and doctrines of men.) 108 Literally, such as, but the reference is to the regulations and the teaching from which they spring.) 109 The meaning of ����� depends on the context. Here it seems to have the connotation reputation, which is akin to that which it frequently has, namely, report.) 110 The compound ����������� has been called a Christian term. Paul may have coined it himself. No examples of its use before Paul have been found.

It reminds one of �����������, voluntary service, but in the present context the word used by Paul probably means self-chosen worship, self-imposed cult or ritual, self-made religion (hence, in reality, would-be religion).) 111 ) Meaning: but serve only to indulge the flesh. Lightfoot, followed by Moule, has serious objections to this and similar adversative renderings. His main objections are: (1) there is no indication that an adversative clause begins with ��x� �������t� �.�.�.; and (2) it makes the apostle say what he could not have said. Such language would defeat its own object by its extravagance. He renders ���� to check, so that the meaning of the sentence becomes, All such teaching is powerless to check indulgence of the flesh. ) Along with H. Ridderbos (op. cit., p. 198) and many other commentators I believe, however, that the adversative sense is correct, and that we have here a �r� & �� (implied) sequence.

In favor of this rendering and in opposition to Lightfooot s arguments I present the following:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.23|AUTODETECT|” (1) When the contrast is easily supplied from the context, ��� need not always be followed by �� (expressed). L.N.T. (A. and G.), p. 504) cites the following New Testament instances of this omission: besides ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.23|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.7|AUTODETECT|” also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.7|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 6:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.12|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.12|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 12:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . This answers Lightfoot s first objection.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 (2) This translation is in line with what the apostle has already said in verse 18, where he spoke about the fleshly mind, that is, the mind inflated or puffed up with sinful pride. The language of verse 23, when the adversative rendering is adopted, is therefore not much more extravagant than is that of verse 18. This in reply to Lightfoot s second argument.) (3) The preposition ���� is far more naturally translated with a view to (the indulgence of the flesh); hence, serving (to indulge the flesh).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.29.13|AUTODETECT|” (4) As was pointed out in connection with verses 20 22, both in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.29.13|AUTODETECT|” Isaiah 29:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.9|AUTODETECT|” and in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.9|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 15:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 such man-made teaching and the regulations which flow forth from it are described as being definitely harmful. They are not only powerless to check indulgence, but they actually promote the desires of the flesh.)