Isaiah 54:12 — Word Study
WLCוְשַׂמְתִּ֤י כַּֽדְכֹד֙ שִׁמְשֹׁתַ֔יִךְ וּשְׁעָרַ֖יִךְ לְאַבְנֵ֣י אֶקְדָּ֑ח וְכָל־ גְּבוּלֵ֖ךְ לְאַבְנֵי־ חֵֽפֶץ׃
BSAI will makesûwm■ your pinnaclesshemesh [of valuable red stones, rubies] of rubieskadkôd your gatesshaʻar [carbuncles] of sparklingʼeqdâch△ jewelsʼeben and allkôl your wallsgᵉbûwl [borders, boundaries] of preciouschêphets [pleasant, delightful] stonesʼeben
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְשַׂמְתִּ֤י | and I will make | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect first person common singular |
| כַּֽדְכֹד֙ | ruby | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| שִׁמְשֹׁתַ֔יִךְ | battlements your | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| וּשְׁעָרַ֖יִךְ | and gates your | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| לְאַבְנֵ֣י | stones of | Preposition, noun common masculine plural construct |
| אֶקְדָּ֑ח | beryl | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְכָל־ | and all | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| גְּבוּלֵ֖ךְ | border your | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| לְאַבְנֵי־ | stones of | Preposition, noun common masculine plural construct |
| חֵֽפֶץ׃ | delight | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | I will make your pinnacles of rubies, your gates of sparkling jewels, and all your walls of precious stones. |
| KJV | And I will make thy windows of agates, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy borders of pleasant stones. |
| ASV | And I will make thy pinnacles of rubies, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy border of precious stones. |
| YLT | And have made of agate thy pinnacles, And thy gates of carbuncle stones, And all thy border of stones of delight, |
| WEB | I will make your pinnacles of rubies, your gates of sparkling jewels, and all your walls of precious stones. |
| BBE | I will make your towers of rubies, and your doors of carbuncles, and the wall round you will be of all sorts of beautiful stones. |
The translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse, focusing on God's promise to beautify the city.
The sentence has a main clause followed by two noun phrases that describe the objects of God's making.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbשׂים
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 10 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 54:12
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — God's Promise of Restorationgenerated
Isaiah 54:12 is part of a larger passage where God reassures the afflicted city of its restoration. God promises to adorn the city with precious materials, indicating a transformation from desolation to beauty. This promise is meant to uplift and encourage those who have suffered, showing that God values His people and will restore them.
Cross References
The Key Word — שׂים, ve.sam.Tigenerated
The verb שׂים (sim) means to set, place, or make, indicating an action of creation or arrangement. It is used in various contexts throughout the Bible, often to denote God's creative power or His ability to appoint and establish.
In this verse, the first-person form ve.sam.Ti emphasizes God's direct involvement in the restoration process. The choice of this verb highlights the intentionality behind God's actions, as He actively makes and transforms the city into a place of beauty and splendor.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses make for שׂים.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb שַׂמְתִּ֤י governs the entire verse, indicating God's action of making. The structure is straightforward, with a series of noun phrases following the verb, describing what God will make.
The phrases are organized to highlight the various elements of the city's beautification: pinnacles of rubies, gates of sparkling jewels, and walls of precious stones. This structure emphasizes the richness and variety of the materials God will use.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שׂים as θήσω (thēsō), which means 'I will place' or 'I will set.' This choice reflects a similar meaning but may carry a slightly different nuance in terms of emphasis on placement rather than creation.
The use of a different verb in the Septuagint suggests a focus on the act of positioning the beauty of the city, aligning with the overall theme of restoration.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 54:12 expresses God's promise to restore a city that has suffered. He will make its pinnacles of rubies, its gates of sparkling jewels, and its walls of precious stones. This signifies a transformation from a state of affliction to one of beauty and value.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
God is promising to beautify the city, indicating that it will be a place of splendor and value, reflecting His glory.
The variety of stones symbolizes richness and beauty, showing that God will restore the city in a magnificent way.
This verse is part of a broader message of hope and restoration for Israel, assuring them that their suffering will be replaced with glory and beauty.
We learn that God cares for His people and has the power to transform their circumstances, bringing beauty from ashes.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I need to experience God's restoration?
- How can I reflect the beauty of God's promises in my own life?
- What does it mean to me that God values His people enough to adorn them with beauty?
- How can I share the message of hope and restoration with others?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentators like Origen and Jerome reference this verse to discuss the beauty and value of precious stones, relating them to divine promises and restoration.
It seems to me also that that fancy of Plato, that those stones that we call precious stones which derive their luster from a reflection, as it were, of the stones in that better land,Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 54 →
All except the Septuagint translate, “I will cover your stones in eye paint,” in the likeness of an adorned woman who paints her eyes with mascara,Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 54 →
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 54:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd I will make thy windows of agates,.... Some sort of which stones, Pliny (x) says, were valued for their clearness like glass; but the stone which bears this name with us is not clear and lucid enough to make windows of.
Read John Gill on Isaiah 54 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd I will make thy windows of agates, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy borders of pleasant stones. And I will make thy windows of agates - or thy battlements [Hebrew, shimshotayik (H8121). The Septuagint, epalxeis.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 54 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleAgates; one kind of which stones was transparent like glass, as Pliny writes in his Natural History, b. 37. ch. 10. But some render this word crystal, and the LXX., and some other of the ancients, translate it jasper. But the proper signification of the Hebrew names of precious stones is unknown to the Jews themselves, as hath been noted before. It may suffice us to know that this was some very clear, and transparent, and precious stone. Thy borders; the utmost parts or walls. The church is here evidently compared to a building, whose foundation, pavement, gates, and windows were named before.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 54 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 54:12 And I will make thy windows of agates, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy borders of pleasant stones.Ver. 12. And I will make thy windows of agates.] Or, Of crystal, which is purus et durus. And thy gates of carbuncles.] Which are of a flame colour. And all thy borders.] That is, all thy bordering cities, say the Rabbis. As Plutarch saith of the neighbouring villages of Rome, in Numa’ s time, that sucking in the air of that city they breathed righteousness, may be much better affirmed as the Church.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 54 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges12. thy windows] Rather as R.V. pinnacles. The word is derived from that for “sun,” and appears to denote those parts of the building which glitter in the sun’s rays. (Comp. the Arab. “minaret,” used primarily of a lantern or a lighthouse.) agates] (Ezekiel 27:16) “sparkling” stone, perhaps rubies (so R.V.). carbuncles] (only here) “fiery” stones; although the LXX. renders “stones of crystal.” all thy borders] R.V. border, perhaps the outer wall (the περίτειχος, see on ch. Isaiah 26:1).
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 54 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd I will make thy windows - The word rendered here ‘windows’ is rendered by Jerome propugnacula - ‘fortresses,’ bulwarks, ramparts; and by the Septuagint, Επαλξεις Epalcheis - ‘Bulwarks,’ or rather, pinnacles on the walls.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 54 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible11, 12. Hitherto the Church, or Zion, has been a lone female, afflicted, or insulted; tossed with tempest, unprotected, jostled about, furious storms driving in upon her; but now, instead of ruined
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 54 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
I will make your pinnacles of rubies, your gates of sparkling jewels, and all your walls of precious stones.
I will make your pinnacles of rubies, your gates of sparkling jewels, and all your walls of precious stones.
I will make your pinnacles of rubies, your gates of sparkling jewels, and all your walls of precious stones.
I will make your pinnacles out of gems, your gates out of beryl, and your outer wall out of beautiful stones.
Tyndale line
And I will make thy windows of agates, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy borders of pleasant stones.
And I will make thy pinnacles of rubies, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy border of precious stones.
And I will make thy pinnacles of rubies, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy border of pleasant stones.
And I will make thy windows of agates, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy borders of pleasant stones.
And I will make thy windowes of emeraudes, and thy gates shining stones, and all thy borders of pleasant stones.
Strictly literal
and I will make thy battlements of rubies, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy borders of precious stones.
And have made of agate thy pinnacles, And thy gates of carbuncle stones, And all thy border of stones of delight,
And have made your pinnacles of agate, || And your gates of carbuncle stones, || And all your border of stones of delight,
And I will make of rubies thy battlements, and thy gates into carbuncle-stones, and all thy borders into precious stones.
I will make your pinnacles of rubies and your gates of sparkling stones, and your outer wall of beautiful stones.
From the Latin
And I will make thy bulwarks of jasper: and thy gates of graven stones, and all thy borders of desirable stones.
Simplified
I will make your fortifications out of rubies; I will make your gates out of sparkling beryl. All your walls will be made of precious stones,
I will make your towers of rubies, and your doors of carbuncles, and the wall round you will be of all sorts of beautiful stones.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Dead Sea Scrolls agree on the wording of this verse, with minor variations in the scrolls. The Septuagint provides a close translation but with its own grammatical structure, maintaining the overall message of restoration.
וְשַׂמְתִּ֤י כַּֽדְכֹד֙ שִׁמְשֹׁתַ֔יִךְ וּשְׁעָרַ֖יִךְ לְאַבְנֵ֣י אֶקְדָּ֑ח וְכָל־ גְּבוּלֵ֖ךְ לְאַבְנֵי־ חֵֽפֶץ׃
9 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ושמתי כדכוד שמשותי׳ך ושערי׳ך לאבני אוקדח וכול גבולי׳ך לאבני חפץ
10 words on the leather.
[ושמתי] [כדכד] שמשותי׳ך ושערי׳ך [לאבני] [אקדח] [וכל] [גבול׳ך] [לאבני] חפץ
2 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 7 supplied entire by an editor.
[ושמתי] [כדכד] [שמשתי׳ך] [ושערי׳ך] [לאבני] [אקדח] [וכל] [גבול׳ך] [לאבני] [חפץ]
nothing on the leather here — 10 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 54:12
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word שׂוּם (sum) is a verb meaning to put, place, or set, with a wide range of applications including appointing, establishing, and making. It can also refer to laying something upon or directing it. There is a related noun שׂוּמָה (sumah), which may denote a token of unluckiness. The entries do not present any significant disagreement.
שׂוּם, שִׂים 582 vb. put, place, set
Qal
put, set, in a place
put something upon
put, lay, set
put, c. בֵּין
set, direct
set, ordain, in a place
set, establish a law, statute
set, found a nation
set, appoint (as ruler, official)
set, constitute, make
set, determine, fix, bounds
set, station, at a post
put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars
set up altars
= plant, wheat
set, fix (countenance)
make a thing, or pers. (acc.), for, transform into
make, constitute
work, bring to pass
appoint, give
set, fix (countenance)
Hiph. I will make him for a sign
Hoph. there was set before him
base
שׂוּמָה perhaps n. f. token of unluckiness, scowl;—2 S 13:32
ref
H7760a שׂוּם, שִׂים put, place, set .. . put, set, in a place
. put something upon
. put, lay, set
. put, c. בֵּין
. set, direct
. . set, ordain, in a place
. set, establish a law, statute
. set, found a nation
. set, appoint (as ruler, official)
. set, constitute, make
. set, determine, fix, bounds
. . set, station, at a post
. put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars
. set up altars
. = plant, wheat
. set, fix (countenance)
. . make a thing, or pers. (acc.), for, transform into
. make, constitute
. work, bring to pass
. appoint, give
. set, fix (countenance)
. I will make him for a sign
. there was set before him
H7760b שׂוּמָה perhaps n. f. token of unluckiness, scowl
7760 suwm soom
or siym {seem}; a primitive root; to put (used in a great
variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially,
and elliptically):--X any wise, appoint, bring, call (a
name), care, cast in, change, charge, commit, consider,
convey, determine, + disguise, dispose, do, get, give, heap
up, hold, impute, lay (down, up), leave, look, make (out),
mark, + name, X on, ordain, order, + paint, place, preserve,
purpose, put (on), + regard, rehearse, reward, (cause to) set
(on, up), shew, + stedfastly, take, X tell, + tread down,
((over-))turn, X wholly, work.
שׂוּם (sum) — to set: make.
: make/establish
1) to put, place, set, appoint, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to put, set, lay, put or lay upon, lay (violent) hands on
1a2) to set, direct, direct toward
1a2a) to extend (compassion) (fig)
1a3) to set, ordain, establish, found, appoint, constitute, make, determine, fix
1a4) to set, station, put, set in place, plant, fix
1a5) to make, make for, transform into, constitute, fashion, work, bring to pass, appoint, give
1b) (Hiphil) to set or make for a sign
1c) (Hophal) to be set
שׂוּמָה (su.mah) — fate.
token of unluckiness, scowl
שׂוּם (sum) — to set: put.
: put/give
1) to put, place, set, appoint, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to put, set, lay, put or lay upon, lay (violent) hands on
1a2) to set, direct, direct toward
1a2a) to extend (compassion) (fig)
1a3) to set, ordain, establish, found, appoint, constitute, make, determine, fix
Conj | V-Qal-Perf-1cs — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect first person common singularHc/Vqq1cs
כַּדְכֹּד (kadkod) refers to a precious stone, likely a ruby or possibly an agate. The term is derived from a root meaning to strike fire from metal, suggesting a connection to sparkling qualities. The entries indicate that it is a singular term without significant variation in interpretation.
כַּדְכֹּד n.[m.] a precious stone, perh. ruby
base
H3539 כַּדְכֹּד
3539 kadkod kad-kobe'
from the same as 3537 in the sense of striking fire from a
metal forged; a sparkling gem, probably the ruby:--agate.
see HEBREW for 03537
כַּדְכֹּד (kad.kod) — ruby.
a precious stone (maybe ruby, agate)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
roo'-bi.
See STONES, PRECIOUS.
Ruby
(Heb. peninim), only in plural (Lam. 4:7). The ruby was one of the stones in the high priest’s breastplate (Ex. 28:17). A comparison is made between the value of wisdom and rubies (Job 28:18; Prov. 3:15; 8:11). The price of a virtuous woman is said to be “far above rubies” (Prov. 31:10). The exact meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain. Some render it “red coral;” others, “pearl” or “mother-of-pearl.”
The oriental ruby is next in value, as a gem, to the diamond. Indeed, a ruby of this kind, above a certain size, is more valuable than a diamond of the same weight. The oriental ruby is a red variety of the sapphire its color is usually between a vivid cochineal and crimson. The word "rubies" occurs several times in the English Bible, as Job 28:18; Pr 3:15; 8:11; but the corresponding word in Hebrew is thought to denote red coral, or perhaps pearls; while the true ruby is more naturally designated by the "agate" or "carbuncle" of Isa 54:12; Eze 27:16.
שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (shemesh) means 'sun' and is derived from a root meaning 'to be brilliant.' It encompasses various meanings, including directions like east and west, and can refer to the sun as an object of worship. Additionally, it can denote shining pinnacles or battlements.
שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ 133 n.f. et m. sun
sun
of direction: toward sun-rise, = East
obj. of worship
other phr.
pinnacle, as glittering, shining
base
H8121 שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ sun
8121 shemesh sheh'-mesh
from an unused root meaning to be brilliant; the sun; by
implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e. (arch.) a
notched battlement:--+ east side(-ward), sun ((rising)), +
west(-ward), window. See also 1053.
see HEBREW for 01053
שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (she.mesh) — sun.
1) sun
1a) sun
1b) sunrise, sun-rising, east, sun-setting, west (of direction)
1c) sun (as object of illicit worship)
1d) openly, publicly (in other phrases)
1e) pinnacles, battlements, shields (as glittering or shining)
N-cp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp2fs
שַׁ֫עַר (sha'ar) means 'gate' and is derived from a root that signifies an opening. It encompasses various types of gates, including those of cities, palaces, and temples, as well as metaphorical uses like 'gate of heaven.' The entries consistently highlight its role as an entrance or threshold.
שַׁ֫עַר 373 n.m. gate
base
H8179 שַׁ֫עַר gate
8179 sha`ar shah'-ar
from 8176 in its original sense; an opening, i.e. door or
gate:--city, door, gate, port (X -er).
see HEBREW for 08176
שַׁ֫עַר (sha.ar) — gate.
: gate
1) gate
1a) gate (of entrance)
1b) gate (of space inside gate, i.e. marketplace, public meeting place)
1b1) city, town
1c) gate (of palace, royal castle, temple, court of tabernacle)
1d) heaven
שַׁ֫עַר (sha.ar) — gate: town.
: town
1) gate
1a) gate (of entrance)
1b) gate (of space inside gate, i.e. marketplace, public meeting place)
1b1) city, town
1c) gate (of palace, royal castle, temple, court of tabernacle)
1d) heaven
Conj | N-mp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncmpc/Sp2fs
The Hebrew word אֶ֫בֶן (*eben*) means 'stone' and encompasses various types, including common stones, precious stones, and stones used as weights or tools. It can also refer to metaphorical uses, such as a hardened heart or sinking in water. The entries highlight its physical and symbolic significance, with no notable disagreements among lexicons.
אֶ֫בֶן 274 n.f. stone
in natural state
stone, as material
precious stone, gen. with modifying word
stone containing metal, = ore
a weight, as orig. stone
plummet
objects like stone
in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water
In topogr. terms
base
H68 אֶ֫בֶן stone . in natural state
. stone, as material
. precious stone, gen. with modifying word
. stone containing metal, = ore
. a weight, as orig. stone
. plummet
. objects like stone
. in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water
. In topogr. terms
68 'eben eh'-ben
from the root of 1129 through the meaning to build; a
stone:--+ carbuncle, + mason, + plummet, (chalk-, hail-,
head-, sling-)stone(-ny), (divers) weight(-s).
see HEBREW for 01129
אֶ֫בֶן (e.ven) — stone.
: stone
1) stone (large or small)
1a) common stone (in natural state)
1b) stone, as material
1b1) of tablets
1b2) marble, hewn stones
1c) precious stones, stones of fire
1d) stones containing metal (ore), tool for work or weapon
1e) weight
1f) plummet (stones of destruction) also made of metal
1g) stonelike objects, eg hailstones, stony heart, ice
1h) sacred object, as memorial Samuel set up to mark where God helped Israel to defeat the Philistines
1i) (simile)
1i1) sinking in water, motionlessness
1i2) strength, firmness, solidity
1i3) commonness
1j) (metaph)
1j1) petrified with terror
1j2) perverse, hard heart
אֶ֫בֶן (e.ven) — stone: weight.
: weight
1) stone (large or small)
1a) common stone (in natural state)
1b) stone, as material
1b1) of tablets
1b2) marble, hewn stones
1c) precious stones, stones of fire
1d) stones containing metal (ore), tool for work or weapon
Prep | N-fp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural constructHR/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֶקְדָּח (eqdach) refers to a carbuncle, a type of fiery gem known for its glowing appearance. The term suggests a connection to burning or a fiery sparkle, as noted in Isaiah 54:12. The lexicons indicate that it may also imply a general sense of brightness or glow.
אֶקְדָּח n.[m.] perh. fiery glow, sparkle; Is 54:12 i.e. carbuncles (?)
ref
H688 אֶקְדָּח
688 'eqdach ek-dawkh'
from 6916; burning, i.e. a carbuncle or other fiery
gem:--carbuncle.
see HEBREW for 06916
אֶקְדָּח (eq.dach) — carbuncle.
1) fiery glow, sparkle
2) (CLBL) the name of a gem-carbuncle
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
ber'-il.
See STONES, PRECIOUS.
Beryl
The rendering in the Authorized Version of the Hebrew word tarshish, a precious stone; probably so called as being brought from Tarshish. It was one of the stones on the breastplate of the high priest (Ex. 28:20; R.V. marg., “chalcedony;” 39:13). The colour of the wheels in Ezekiel’s vision was as the colour of a beryl stone (1:16; 10:9; R.V., “stone of Tarshish”). It is mentioned in Cant. 5:14; Dan. 10:6; Rev. 21:20. In Ezek. 28:13 the LXX. render the word by “chrysolite,” which the Jewish historian Josephus regards as its proper translation. This also is the rendering given in the Authorized Version in the…
(tarshish) occurs in (Exodus 28:20) It is generally supposed that the tarshish derives its name from the place so called, in Spain. Beryl is a mineral of great hardness, and, when transparent, of much beauty. By tarshish the modern yellow topaz is probably intended, while in (Revelation 21:20) a different stone is perhaps referred to, probably the mineral now called beryl, which is identical with the emerald except in color, being a light green or bluish-green.
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
גְּבוּל (gbuwl) refers to a border or boundary, often implying a defined territory. It can denote a physical limit, such as a coast or landmark, and can also have figurative uses, like a region of darkness. The word is derived from a root meaning 'cord' and encompasses various meanings related to boundaries and territories.
גְּבוּל 240 n.m. border, boundary, territory
border, boundary
territory (enclosed within boundary)
base
H1366 גְּבוּל border, boundary, territory
1366 gbuwl gheb-ool'
or (shortened) gbul {gheb-ool'}; from 1379; properly, a cord
(as twisted), i.e. (by implication) a boundary; by extens. the
territory inclosed:--border, bound, coast, X great, landmark,
limit, quarter, space.
see HEBREW for 01379
גְּבוּל (ge.vul) — border: boundary.
: boundary
1) border, territory
1a) border
1b) territory (enclosed within boundary)
1c) region, territory (of darkness) (fig.)
Also means: ge.vul (גְּבוּל ": area" H1366H)
גְּבוּל (ge.vul) — border: area.
: area
1) border, territory
1a) border
1b) territory (enclosed within boundary)
1c) region, territory (of darkness) (fig.)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp2fs
The Hebrew word אֶ֫בֶן (*eben*) means 'stone' and encompasses various types, including common stones, precious stones, and stones used as weights or tools. It can also refer to metaphorical uses, such as a hardened heart or sinking in water. The entries highlight its physical and symbolic significance, with no notable disagreements among lexicons.
אֶ֫בֶן 274 n.f. stone
in natural state
stone, as material
precious stone, gen. with modifying word
stone containing metal, = ore
a weight, as orig. stone
plummet
objects like stone
in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water
In topogr. terms
base
H68 אֶ֫בֶן stone . in natural state
. stone, as material
. precious stone, gen. with modifying word
. stone containing metal, = ore
. a weight, as orig. stone
. plummet
. objects like stone
. in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water
. In topogr. terms
68 'eben eh'-ben
from the root of 1129 through the meaning to build; a
stone:--+ carbuncle, + mason, + plummet, (chalk-, hail-,
head-, sling-)stone(-ny), (divers) weight(-s).
see HEBREW for 01129
אֶ֫בֶן (e.ven) — stone.
: stone
1) stone (large or small)
1a) common stone (in natural state)
1b) stone, as material
1b1) of tablets
1b2) marble, hewn stones
1c) precious stones, stones of fire
1d) stones containing metal (ore), tool for work or weapon
1e) weight
1f) plummet (stones of destruction) also made of metal
1g) stonelike objects, eg hailstones, stony heart, ice
1h) sacred object, as memorial Samuel set up to mark where God helped Israel to defeat the Philistines
1i) (simile)
1i1) sinking in water, motionlessness
1i2) strength, firmness, solidity
1i3) commonness
1j) (metaph)
1j1) petrified with terror
1j2) perverse, hard heart
אֶ֫בֶן (e.ven) — stone: weight.
: weight
1) stone (large or small)
1a) common stone (in natural state)
1b) stone, as material
1b1) of tablets
1b2) marble, hewn stones
1c) precious stones, stones of fire
1d) stones containing metal (ore), tool for work or weapon
Prep | N-fp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural constructHR/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word חֵ֫פֶץ (*chephets*) primarily means delight or pleasure. It encompasses concepts of desire and longing, as well as the good pleasure or purpose of Yahweh. The word can also refer to something valuable or a matter of interest. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
חֵ֫פֶץ n.m. delight, pleasure
delight
desire, longing
the good pleasure, will, purpose, of Yahweh
that in which one takes delight, his business (late), or matter
base
H2656 חֵ֫פֶץ delight, pleasure
2656 chephets khay'-fets
from 2654; pleasure; hence (abstractly) desire; concretely, a
valuable thing; hence (by extension) a matter (as something in
mind):--acceptable, delight(-some), desire, things desired,
matter, pleasant(-ure), purpose, willingly.
see HEBREW for 02654
חֵ֫פֶץ (che.phets) — pleasure.
1) delight, pleasure
1a) delight
1b) desire, longing
1c) the good pleasure
1d) that in which one takes delight
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
de-lit' (verb, chaphets, ratsah, sha`a`; sunedomai): "To delight" is most frequently expressed by chaphets, which means originally "to bend" (compare Job 40:17, "He moveth his tail"), hence, "to incline to," "take pleasure in." It is used of God's pleasure in His people (Nu 14:8; 2Sa 22:20; Ps 18:19, etc.), and in righteousness, etc. (Isa 66:4; Jer 9:24; Mic 7:18, etc.), also of man's delight in God and His will (Ps 40:8; 73:25; the King James Version and the…