Exodus 28:20 — Word Study
WLCוְהַטּוּר֙ הָרְבִיעִ֔י תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁ וְשֹׁ֖הַם וְיָשְׁפֵ֑ה מְשֻׁבָּצִ֥ים זָהָ֛ב יִהְי֖וּ בְּמִלּוּאֹתָֽם׃
BSAand in the fourthrᵉbîyʻîy [last of a series] rowṭûwr a beryltarshîysh [possibly a topaz or yellow jasper] an onyxshôham [a precious gemstone, possibly green or blue] and a jasperyâshᵉphêh [a valuable stone] Mount [these stones]hâyâh▸ in goldzâhâb [a valuable metal] filigree settingsmilluʼâh [intricately woven, embroidered, enclosures, frames]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְהַטּוּר֙ | and the row | Conjunction, particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| הָרְבִיעִ֔י | fourth | Particle |
| תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁ | [will be] a chrysolite | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְשֹׁ֖הַם | and an onyx | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וְיָשְׁפֵ֑ה | and a jasper | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| מְשֻׁבָּצִ֥ים | set | Verb, Pual, participle (passive) masculine plural |
| זָהָ֛ב | gold | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| יִהְי֖וּ | they will be | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| בְּמִלּוּאֹתָֽם׃ | in settings their | Preposition, noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | and in the fourth row a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper. Mount these stones in gold filigree settings. |
| KJV | And the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be set in gold in their inclosings. |
| ASV | and the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be inclosed in gold in their settings. |
| YLT | and the fourth row [is] beryl, and onyx, and jasper; embroidered with gold are they in their settings, |
| WEB | and the fourth row a chrysolite, an onyx, and a jasper. They shall be enclosed in gold in their settings. |
| BBE | The fourth, a topaz, a beryl, and a jasper; they are to be fixed in twisted frames of gold. |
Where they part company is in the translation of מְשֻׁבָּצִ֥ים — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause introduces the subject, followed by a verb phrase that describes the action of setting the stones, with a prepositional phrase detailing how they are set.
4 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
verbשָׁבַץ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Exodus 28:20
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Instructions for the High Priest's Garmentsgenerated
Exodus 28:20 provides details about the arrangement of precious stones on the breastplate of the high priest, emphasizing the significance of each stone and its connection to the tribes of Israel. This verse specifically highlights the fourth row, which includes a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper, all set in gold filigree settings, illustrating the beauty and craftsmanship of the high priest's attire.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ezekiel 1:16 | The workmanship of the wheels looked like the gleam of beryl, and all four had the same likeness. Their workmanship looked like a wheel within a wheel. |
| 2 | Ezekiel 10:9 | Then I looked and saw four wheels beside the cherubim, one wheel beside each cherub. And the wheels gleamed like a beryl stone. |
| 3 | Daniel 10:6 | His body was like beryl, his face like the brilliance of lightning, his eyes like flaming torches, his arms and legs like the gleam of polished bronze, and his voice like the sound of a multitude. |
| 4 | Revelation 21:20 | the fifth sardonyx, the sixth carnelian, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, the eleventh jacinth, and the twelfth amethyst. |
| 5 | Revelation 4:3 | The One seated there looked like jasper and carnelian, and a rainbow that gleamed like an emerald encircled the throne. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מְשֻׁבָּצִ֥ים, me.shu.ba.Tzimgenerated
The word מְשֻׁבָּצִ֥ים (me.shu.ba.Tzim) is a Pual participle, indicating that the stones are being set or woven into their settings. This implies a careful and skilled process of embedding the gems into gold, reflecting both artistry and value.
The root of this word, שָׁבַץ (shabats), means to weave or embroider, which aligns with the intricate craftsmanship required in the high priest's garments. The use of this term suggests that the setting of the stones is not merely functional but also aesthetic, enhancing the overall splendor of the breastplate.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is presented in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the word set to describe how the stones are arranged.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb יִהְי֖וּ (yih.Yu), meaning 'they will be,' governs the entire structure, with a noun phrase following that describes the subject — the stones — and their arrangement in gold settings. The order emphasizes the importance of the stones and their precious materials.
The sentence structure is straightforward, with a clear subject and predicate, allowing the reader to grasp the significance of the arrangement of the stones in relation to the high priest's attire.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מְשֻׁבָּצִ֥ים as a form of the Greek word for 'woven,' suggesting a focus on the craftsmanship involved in setting the stones. This choice indicates an interpretation that highlights the artistry of the breastplate's design.
The Greek term αὐτῶν (autōn) corresponds to the possessive nature of the settings, emphasizing that these settings belong to the stones, which adds a layer of meaning regarding their significance.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Exodus 28:20 describes the fourth row of the high priest's breastplate, which includes a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper. These stones are to be set in gold settings, highlighting their beauty and importance in the priestly garments.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The stones represent the twelve tribes of Israel, with each stone corresponding to a tribe, symbolizing their importance and connection to the high priest.
Gold signifies value and purity, reflecting the holiness of the high priest's role and the significance of the stones.
Setting the stones means they are intricately placed within the gold, showcasing both the craftsmanship and the importance of the stones in the priest's garments.
This verse connects to other descriptions of the high priest's garments and the symbolism of the stones, as seen in Revelation 21:20, where similar stones are mentioned in the context of the New Jerusalem.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What do the stones on the high priest's breastplate symbolize for the tribes of Israel?
- How does the use of gold in the settings enhance the meaning of the high priest's garments?
- In what ways can we appreciate the craftsmanship involved in sacred items today?
- How does understanding the significance of these stones deepen our knowledge of the Old Testament priesthood?
Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Exodus 28:20 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper,.... Whatever stone is meant by the first in this row, it must be of a sea green colour; for "tarshish", the word used, signifies the sea; and so
Read John Gill on Exodus 28 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd thou shalt make the breastplate of judgment with cunning work; after the work of the ephod thou shalt make it; of gold, of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine twined linen, shalt thou make it.
Read Robert Jamieson on Exodus 28 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(20) They shall be set in gold in their inclosings.—Or, in their settings. Every gem was to be enclosed in its own setting of gold.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Exodus 28 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges20. a beryl] Heb. tarshish, χρυσόλιθος (Revelation 21:10), chrysolithus: Ezekiel 1:16; Ezekiel 10:9; Ezekiel 28:13, Son 5:14, Daniel 10:6. The name tarshish apparently points to its being obtained from Tarshish (Tartessus) in Spain. The chrysolite (‘gold-stone’) of the later Greeks (which was also obtained from Spain, Pliny, H. N. xxxvii. 127) is probably our topaz1[208], but as this was unknown in earlier times, some other gold-coloured stone must be intended,—perhaps (Petrie) the yellow jasper. It is not however stated whether this stone is (or was) found in Spain. The rend. beryl is as old as Abarbanel (1437–1508): the chalcedony (RVm.; Revelation 21:19) of the ancients,—so called from…
Read Cambridge on Exodus 28 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
and in the fourth row a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper. Mount these stones in gold filigree settings.
and the fourth row a chrysolite, an onyx, and a jasper. They shall be enclosed in gold in their settings.
and in the fourth row a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper. Mount these stones in gold filigree settings.
and the fourth row, a chrysolite, an onyx, and a jasper. They are to be enclosed in gold in their filigree settings.
Tyndale line
And the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be set in gold in their inclosings.
and the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be inclosed in gold in their settings.
and the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be enclosed in gold in their settings.
And the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be set in gold in their inclosings.
And in the fourth rowe a chrysolite, an onix, and a iasper: and they shall be set in golde in their embossements.
Strictly literal
and the fourth row, a chrysolite, and an onyx, and a jasper; enclosed in gold shall they be in their settings.
and the fourth row [is] beryl, and onyx, and jasper; embroidered with gold are they in their settings,
and the fourth row [is] beryl, and onyx, and jasper; they are embroidered with gold in their settings,
And the fourth row, a chrysolite, and an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be fitted in golden casings when they are set in.
The fourth row must have a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper. They must be mounted in gold settings.
From the Latin
In the fourth a chrysolite, an onyx, and a beryl. They shall be set in gold by their rows.
Simplified
In the fourth row topaz, beryl, and jasper. Place these stones in ornamental gold settings.
The fourth, a topaz, a beryl, and a jasper; they are to be fixed in twisted frames of gold.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint, which aligns closely with the Hebrew text in meaning. However, the Samaritan Pentateuch presents variations in three words that suggest a different understanding of the setting and arrangement of the stones.
וְהַטּוּר֙ הָרְבִיעִ֔י תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁ וְשֹׁ֖הַם וְיָשְׁפֵ֑ה מְשֻׁבָּצִ֥ים זָהָ֛ב יִהְי֖וּ בְּמִלּוּאֹתָֽם׃
8 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
והטור הרביעי תרשׁישׁ שׁהם וישׁפה מוסבות משׁבצות זהב יהיו במלאותם
3 words differ from the Masoretic Text: מוסבות (turn), משׁבצות (weave), מלאותם (setting)
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Exodus 28:20
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
טוּר (tuhr) refers to a 'row' or 'course,' specifically in contexts like building stones in the temple or jewels on the high priest's breast-piece, as noted in Exodus 28:17. It is derived from an unused root meaning to arrange in a regular manner.
טוּר n.m. Ex 28:17 row
row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon’s house
row of jewels, on high priest’s breast-piece
base
H2905 טוּר n.m. Ex 28:17 row . row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon’s house
. row of jewels, on high priest’s breast-piece
2905 tuwr toor
from an unused root meaning to range in a regular manner; a
row; hence, a wall:--row.
טוּר (tur) — row.
1) row
1a) row, course (of building)
1b) row (of jewels)
Conj | Art | N-ms — Conjunction · particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Td/Ncmsa
רְבִיעִי (rbiy`iy) means 'fourth' and can also refer to a 'fourth part' or describe something as 'foursquare.' It is derived from the root word for 'four' and has both masculine and feminine forms. The term appears in contexts where ordinal numbers are used.
רְבִיעִי m., רְבִיעִית f., adj.num.ordin. fourth
base
H7243 רְבִיעִי, רְבִיעִית fourth
7243 rbiy`iy reb-ee-ee'
or rbiiy {reb-ee-ee'}; from 7251; fourth; also
(fractionally) a fourth:--foursquare, fourth (part).
see HEBREW for 07251
רְבִיעִי (re.vi.i) — fourth.
1) fourth
1a) fourth
1b) four square
1c) fourth part
Aramaic equivalent: re.vi.ay (רְבִיעִי "fourth" H7244)
Art | Adj — ParticleHTd/Aomsa
תַּרְשִׁישׁ (tarshiysh) refers to a precious or semi-precious stone, possibly yellow jasper or chrysolite. The entries suggest it may also denote a gem like topaz. There is some uncertainty regarding the exact type of stone it represents.
תַּרְשִׁישׁ n.m. a precious stone, perhaps yellow jasper, or other gold-coloured stone
base
H8658 תַּרְשִׁישׁ n.m. a precious stone, perhaps yellow jasper, or other gold-coloured stone
8658 tarshiysh tar-sheesh'
probably of foreign derivation (compare 8659); a gem, perhaps
the topaz:--beryl.
see HEBREW for 08659
תַּרְשִׁישׁ (tar.shish) — jasper.
1) a precious stone or semi-precious gem
1a) perhaps a chrysolite, yellow jasper, or other yellow coloured stone
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
See STONES, PRECIOUS.
one of the precious stones in the foundation of the heavenly Jerusalem. (Revelation 21:20) It has been already stated [BERYL] that the chrysolite of the ancients is identical with the modern oriental topaz the tarhish of the Hebrew Bible.
A transparent precious stone, having the color of gold with a mixture of green, and a fine luster, Re 21:20. Many suppose it to be the topaz of the moderns.
שֹׁ֫הַם (shoham) refers to a gem, with its exact identification being uncertain. It is likely associated with onyx, beryl, or chrysoprasus, and may also refer to malachite. The word is built from an unused root that probably means to blanch, indicating a pale color.
שֹׁ֫הַם n.m. a gem, identif. dubious; onyx or chrysoprasus, beryl, malachite (√ unknown)
base
H7718 שֹׁ֫הַם a gem, identif. dubious (√ unknown)
7718 shoham sho'-ham
from an unused root probably mean to blanch; a gem, probably
the beryl (from its pale green color):--onyx.
שֹׁ֫הַם (sho.ham) — onyx.
1) a precious stone or gem
1a) probably onyx, chrysoprasus, beryl, malachite
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
on'-iks o'-niks.
See STONES, PRECIOUS.
Onyx
A hail; claw; hoof, (Heb. shoham), a precious stone adorning the breast-plate of the high priest and the shoulders of the ephod (Ex. 28:9-12, 20; 35:27; Job 28:16; Ezek. 28:13). It was found in the land of Havilah (Gen. 2:12). The LXX. translates the Hebrew word by smaragdos, an emerald. Some think that the sardonyx is meant. But the onyx differs from the sardonyx in this, that while the latter has two layers (black and white) the former has three (black, white, and red).
(a nail) is the translation of the Hebrew shoham ; but there is some doubt as to its signification. Some writers believe that the "beryl" is intended; but the balance of authority is in favor of some variety of the onyx. ("The onyx is not a transparent stone, but as the color of the flesh appears through the nail (Greek onyx) on the human body, so the reddish mass which is below shines delicately through the whitish surface of the onyx. There are several varieties. White and reddish stripes alternating form the sardonyx; white and reddish gray, the chalcedony. When polished it has a fine lustre, and is easily wrought into a gem of great beauty."-Rosenmiller.
A nail, the eleventh stone in the high priest’s breastplate, Ex 28:20. The modern onyx has some resemblance to the agate; and the color of the body of the stone is like that of the human nail; hence its name. The Hebrew word so translated is not known with certainty to signify the onyx; but denoted some valuable stone, Ge 2:12; Ex 25:7; 28:9-12,20. A species of marble resembling the onyx was known to the Greeks, and may have been the "onyx-stones" stored up by David for the temple, 1Ch 29:2.
יָֽשְׁפֶה (yashpheh) refers to jasper, a precious stone. It is considered a loanword from Persian and is associated with a root meaning to polish. The entries consistently identify it as a type of gem without significant disagreement.
יָֽשְׁפֶה n.[m.] jasper (loan-word from Pers. Persian)
base
H3471 יָֽשְׁפֶה n.[m.] jasper (loan-word from Pers. Persian)
3471 yashpheh yaw-shef-ay'
from an unused root meaning to polish; a gem supposed to be
jasper (from the resemblance in name):--jasper.
יָֽשְׁפֶה (ya.she.pheh) — jasper.
jasper (a precious stone)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
Jasper
(Heb. yashpheh, “glittering”), a gem of various colours, one of the twelve inserted in the high priest’s breast-plate (Ex. 28:20). It is named in the building of the New Jerusalem (Rev. 21:18, 19). It was “most precious,” “clear as crystal” (21:11). It was emblematic of the glory of God (4:3).
a precious stone frequently noticed in Scripture. It was the last of the twelve inserted in the high priest’s breastplate, (Exodus 28:20; 39:13) and the first of the twelve used in the foundations of the new Jerusalem. (Revelation 21:19) The characteristics of the stone as far as they are specified in Scripture, (Revelation 21:11) are that it "was most precious," and "like crystal;" we may also infer from (Revelation 4:3) that it was a stone of brilliant and transparent light. The stone which we name "jasper" does not accord with this description. There can be no doubt that the diamond would more adequately answer to the description in the book of Revelation.
→ A precious stone, set in the high priest's breastplate Ex 28:20; 39:13
שָׁבַץ (shabats) is a Hebrew verb meaning to weave, particularly in a checkered or plaited pattern. It appears in contexts related to embroidery and setting gems in gold. The entries indicate its use in both the Piel and Pual forms, suggesting actions of weaving and being woven, respectively.
[שָׁבַץ] vb. Pi. prob. weave in chequer or plaited work (NH שָׁבַץ ornament a vessel with a pattern)
Pi. and thou shalt chequer (or plait) the tunic (in) byssus.
Pu. inwoven (i.e. set ina chequered or plaited mounting) with gold(-thread) shall they be (of gems).
base
H7660 [שָׁבַץ] vb. Pi. prob. weave in chequer or plaited work (NH שָׁבַץ ornament a vessel with a pattern) . and thou shalt chequer (or plait) the tunic (in) byssus.
. inwoven (i.e. set ina chequered or plaited mounting) with gold(-thread) shall they be (of gems).
7660 shabats shaw-bats'
a primitive root; to interweave (colored) threads in squares;
by implication (of reticulation) to inchase gems in
gold:--embroider, set.
שָׁבַץ (sha.vats) — to weave.
1) to weave in checkered or plaited work or pattern (meaning probable)
1a) (Piel) to weave, plait
1b) (Pual) inwoven, set (participle)
HVPsmpa — Verb · Pual · participle (passive) masculine pluralHVPsmpa
Few words in the English language have such a rich variety of meaning and are used in so rich a variety of idiomatic expression as the word "set." A glance at any of the great dictionaries will convince anyone of the truth of this statement. The Standard Dictionary devotes three and a half columns to the word. In its primary meaning it there denotes 22 distinct things, in its secondary meaning 17 more, while 18 distinct phrases are given in which it is used, in some cases again in a variety of meanings. It is indeed a word calculated to drive a foreigner to despair. Some 70 Hebrew and about 30 Greek words in the original tongues of the Holy Scriptures have been rendered by the word "set," in the King James Version and also in the Revised Version (British and American). A careful comparative study of the original and of translations in other tongues will at once indicate that a lack of…
זָהָב (zahab) means gold and is derived from an unused root that conveys the idea of shimmering. It encompasses various aspects of gold, including its value as a precious metal, its use as a measure of weight, and its figurative brilliance. The term appears in contexts related to wealth, merchandise, and gifts.
זָהָב 385 n.m. gold
= gold-ore, gold in raw state
gold as wealth
gold as spoil of war
gold as merchandise
gold as costly gift
gold as material
gold described by its source
gold defined by var. adj. and pts.
as measure of weight and value
= golden oil, from colour
often named with
the chief vbs. used
base
H2091 זָהָב gold
2091 zahab zaw-hawb'
from an unused root meaning to shimmer; gold, figuratively,
something gold-colored (i.e. yellow), as oil, a clear sky:--
gold(-en), fair weather.
זָהָב (za.hav) — gold.
1) gold
1a) as precious metal
1b) as a measure of weight
1c) of brilliance, splendour (fig.)
Aramaic equivalent: de.hav (דְּהַב "gold" H1722)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
gold (zahabh; chrusos):
1. Terms:
No metal has been more frequently mentioned in Old Testament writings than gold, and none has had more terms applied to it. Among these terms the one most used is zahabh. The Arabic equivalent, dhahab, is still the common name for gold throughout Palestine, Syria and Egypt. With zahabh frequently occur other words which, translated, mean "pure" (Ex 25:11), "refined" (1Ch 28:18), "finest" (1Ki 10:18), "beaten" (1Ki 10:17), "Ophir" (Ps 45:9).
Other terms occurring are: paz, "fine gold" (Job 28:17;
Gold
(1.) Heb. zahab, so called from its yellow colour (Ex. 25:11; 1 Chr. 28:18; 2 Chr. 3:5).
(2.) Heb. segor, from its compactness, or as being enclosed or treasured up; thus precious or “fine gold” (1 Kings 6:20; 7:49).
Gold was known from the very earliest times. (Genesis 2:11) It was at first used chiefly for ornaments, etc. (Genesis 24:22) Coined money was not known to the ancients till a comparatively late period; and on the Egyptian tombs gold is represented as being weighed in rings for commercial purposes. Comp. (Genesis 43:21) Gold was extremely abundant in ancient times, (1 Chronicles 22:14; 2 Chronicles 1:15; 9:9; Daniel 3:1; Nahum 2:9) but this did not depreciate its value, because of the enormous quantities consumed by…
A well-known valuable metal, found in many parts of the world, and obtained anciently in Ophir, Job 28:16; Parvaim, 2Ch 3:6; Sheba, and Raamah, Eze 27:22. Job alludes to gold in various forms, Job 22:24 28:15-19. Abraham was rich in it, and female ornaments were early made of it, Ge 13:2 24:22,35. It is spoken of throughout Scripture; and the use of it among and ancient Hebrews, in its native and mixed state, and for the same purposes as at present, was very common. The Ark of the Covenant was overlaid with pure gold; the mercy seat, the vessels and utensils belonging to the tabernacle, and those also of the house of…
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp
מִלֻּאָה (millu'ah) is a feminine noun meaning 'setting' or 'setting of a jewel.' It is derived from the root word for filling, indicating the context of enclosing or setting gems. The term appears in discussions of jewelry and adornment.
[מִלֻּאָה] n.f. setting of jewel (cf. vb. Pi. 2, Pu.)
base
H4396 [מִלֻּאָה] n.f. setting of jewel (cf. vb. Pi. 2, Pu.)
4396 millu'ah mil-loo-aw'
feminine of 4394; a filling, i.e. setting (of
gems):--inclosing, setting.
see HEBREW for 04394
מִלֻּאָה (mil.lu.ah) — setting.
setting (of jewel)
Prep | N-fp | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHR/Ncfpc/Sp3mp