Psalms 18:19 — Word Study
WLCוַיּוֹצִיאֵ֥נִי לַמֶּרְחָ֑ב יְ֝חַלְּצֵ֗נִי כִּ֘י חָ֥פֵֽץ בִּֽי׃
BSAto meetqâdam dayyôwm calamityʼêyd to behâyâh The LordYᵉhôvâh supportmishʻên
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיּוֹצִיאֵ֥נִי | and he brought out me | Verb hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine singular, suffix |
| לַמֶּרְחָ֑ב | to roomy place | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| יְ֝חַלְּצֵ֗נִי | he rescued me | Verb piel imperfect third person masculine singular, suffix |
| כִּ֘י | for | Particle |
| חָ֥פֵֽץ | he delighted | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| בִּֽי׃ | in me | Preposition, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | He brought me out into the open; He rescued me because He delighted in me. |
| KJV | He brought me forth also into a large place; he delivered me, because he delighted in me. |
| ASV | He brought me forth also into a large place; He delivered me, because he delighted in me. |
| YLT | And He bringeth me forth to a large place, He draweth me out, because He delighted in me. |
| WEB | He brought me out also into a large place. He delivered me, because he delighted in me. |
| BBE | He took me out into a wide place; he was my saviour because he had delight in me. |
Where they part company is חָ֥פֵֽץ — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause is followed by a reason clause, indicating the motivation behind God's actions.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbיהוה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 18:19
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Song of Deliverancegenerated
Psalm 18:19 recounts how the psalmist was brought out from a place of distress into a broad and spacious area, symbolizing freedom and safety. This passage emphasizes God's active role in rescuing those who trust in Him, as He delights in their well-being. The surrounding verses illustrate the contrast between the psalmist's struggles and God's unwavering support, culminating in a declaration of divine favor and righteousness in Psalm 18:20.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 18:36 | You broaden the path beneath me so that my ankles do not give way. |
| 2 | Psalm 31:8 | You have not delivered me to the enemy; You have set my feet in the open. |
| 3 | Psalm 40:2 | He lifted me up from the pit of despair, out of the miry clay; He set my feet upon a rock, and made my footsteps firm. |
| 4 | Psalm 118:5 | In my distress I called to the LORD, and He answered and set me free. |
| 5 | Job 36:16 | Indeed, He drew you from the jaws of distress to a spacious and broad place, to a table full of richness. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יְ֝חַלְּצֵ֗נִי, ye.cha.le.Tze.nigenerated
The verb יְ֝חַלְּצֵ֗נִי (ye.cha.le.Tze.ni) is a piel imperfect form, meaning 'he rescued me.' It implies an active, ongoing action of deliverance, suggesting that the psalmist is not only recalling a past event but also affirming a continuous state of being rescued by God.
This verb encompasses the idea of being drawn out from danger or distress, often associated with military or physical rescue. The psalmist's use of this verb highlights a personal relationship with God, who intervenes in times of need.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure centers around two main verbs: יּוֹצִיאֵ֥נִי (he brought me out) and יְ֝חַלְּצֵ֗נִי (he rescued me). The first verb establishes the action of bringing out, while the second emphasizes the act of rescue, both of which are crucial to understanding the psalmist's experience.
The sentence flows from the action of being brought out into a broad space, leading to the declaration of rescue, which is motivated by God's delight in the psalmist. This sequence highlights the relationship between divine action and the psalmist's state of being.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew verb יְ֝חַלְּצֵ֗נִי is rendered with the Greek word ἐγένετο, which suggests a focus on the occurrence of the action rather than the ongoing aspect of rescue. This choice may indicate a different emphasis in the Greek translation, possibly highlighting the moment of deliverance.
The broader context of the Septuagint often reflects themes of divine intervention and support, aligning with the original Hebrew intent but presenting it in a way that resonates with a Hellenistic audience.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 18:19 describes how God brought the psalmist out of trouble into a safe and open space. This verse emphasizes God's rescue and delight in the psalmist, showing a personal relationship where God intervenes in times of need.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
A broad place symbolizes freedom and safety, indicating that God not only rescues but also provides a spacious and secure environment for His people.
God's delight signifies His favor and pleasure in the psalmist, suggesting that this relationship is foundational to the psalmist's experience of deliverance.
The verse reflects a common theme in the Psalms where the psalmist recounts God's faithfulness in delivering them from distress, emphasizing trust in God's character.
The psalmist's experience teaches us about the importance of relying on God for deliverance and recognizing His favor in our lives.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I need to trust God for deliverance?
- How can I recognize and appreciate God's delight in me?
- What does it mean for me to experience freedom in my relationship with God?
- How can I share my experiences of God's rescue with others?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early Church Fathers reflect on this verse to illustrate God's favor and deliverance, drawing from their theological insights to expound its meaning.
“He will deliver me because he has pleasure in me”; indeed, it was not that I had repented, or had been convicted concerning my sin or had a prophet sent to me, but it was because he took pleasure to deliver me.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 18 →
"And has brought Me forth into a broad place" [Psalms 18:19]. And since I was enduring the straits of the flesh, He brought Me forth into the spiritual breadth of faith.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 18 →
Now, if someone does not wish, whether like the sinful woman to embrace the feet of Christ [Luke 7:38],Early Church Fathers on Psalms 18 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 18:19 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHe brought me forth also into a large place,.... Into heaven, a place of the glorious liberty of Christ, after his captivity to death and the grave, whither he ascended leading captivity captive, and
Read John Gill on Psalms 18 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHe brought me forth also into a large place; he delivered me, because he delighted in me.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 18 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHe brought me forth out of my straits and difficulties, out of the little caves in which I was shut up and imprisoned. Into a large place; into a state of freedom, and plenty, and comfort. Because he delighted in me, or loved me, or had a good will to me, as this phrase commonly signifies; whereby he ascribes all his mercies and blessings to God’ s good pleasure and free grace, as the first spring of them; which he thought fit to premise, lest the following expressions should seem to favour of boasting of his own merits, which he oft disclaims.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 18 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 18:19 He brought me forth also into a large place; he delivered me, because he delighted in me.Ver. 19. He brought me forth also, &c.] He freed me out of all straits, and stated me in a most happy condition. He delivered, because he delighted in me] All was of free grace and favour, not of any merit. And this he purposely premiseth as a caution to the ensuing profession of his inherency.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 18 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(19) A large place.—Comp. Psalms 4:1. But there is direct historical allusion to the settlement of Israel in Canaan, as will be seen by a comparison of the Hebrew with Exodus 3:8, and Numbers 14:8.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 18 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 19. He brought me forth also into a large place] He enabled me to clear the country of my foes, who had before cooped me up in holes and corners. This appears to be the allusion.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 18 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges19. From the straits of peril he is brought forth into the freedom of safety. Cp. Psalms 4:1, Psalms 31:8. because he delighted in me] This was the ground of God’s deliverance, and it now becomes the leading thought of the Psalm. Cp. Psalms 22:8, Psalms 41:11; 2 Samuel 15:26; and also Matthew 3:17. The latter reference gains fresh significance if it is remembered that the theocratic king was called Jehovah’s son (Psalms 2:7; 2 Samuel 7:14).
Read Cambridge on Psalms 18 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHe brought me forth also into a large place - Instead of being hemmed in by enemies, and straitened in my troubles, so that I seemed to have no room to move, he brought me into a place where I had
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 18 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
He brought me out into the open; He rescued me because He delighted in me.
He brought me out also into a large place. He delivered me, because he delighted in me.
He brought me out into the open; He rescued me because He delighted in me.
He brought me out into a wide open place; he delivered me because he was pleased with me.
Tyndale line
He brought me forth also into a large place; he delivered me, because he delighted in me.
He brought me forth also into a large place; He delivered me, because he delighted in me.
He brought me forth also into a large place; he delivered me, because he delighted in me.
He brought me forth also in a large place; he delivered me, because he delighted in me.
Hee brought mee foorth also into a large place: hee deliuered mee because hee fauoured me.
Strictly literal
And he brought me forth into a large place; he delivered me, because he delighted in me.
And He bringeth me forth to a large place, He draweth me out, because He delighted in me.
And He brings me forth to a large place, || He draws me out, because He delighted in me.
(18:20) And he brought me forth into a large space; he delivered me, because he had delight in me.
He set me free in a wide open place; he saved me because he was pleased with me.
Simplified
He set me free, he rescued me because he's my friend.
He took me out into a wide place; he was my saviour because he had delight in me.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint align closely, with all six words matched in the Hebrew text. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some variation, with three words intact and four supplied by an editor, indicating a degree of textual preservation despite the damage.
וַיּוֹצִיאֵ֥נִי לַמֶּרְחָ֑ב יְ֝חַלְּצֵ֗נִי כִּ֘י חָ֥פֵֽץ בִּֽי׃
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[יקדמו׳ני] ביום איד׳י [ויהי] [יהוה] [למשען] ל׳י
3 words on the leather — 4 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 18:19
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יָצָא (yatsa') is a Hebrew verb meaning to go or come out, with various applications including departure, escape, and emergence. It can refer to both animate and inanimate subjects and emphasizes the idea of origin or source. The verb appears in different forms, such as Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating actions like leading out or being brought forth.
יָצָא 1068 vb. go or come out
Qal
go or come out or forth
from (מִן) a place
go forth from (the presence of) a person
in technical senses
of flight, involving escape
depart
of inanimate things
with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source
of children as going forth from loins (of father)
go forth to a place
go forward, proceed to or toward something
come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result
of combinations
Hiph.
cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.
bring out animals
inanimate obj.
fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)
Hoph. be brought forth
base
H3318 יָצָא go or come out .. go or come out or forth . from (מִן) a place
. go forth from (the presence of) a person
. in technical senses
. of flight, involving escape
. depart
. of inanimate things
. with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source
. of children as going forth from loins (of father)
. . go forth to a place
. go forward, proceed to or toward something
. come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result
. of combinations
. . cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
. fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.
. bring out animals
. inanimate obj.
. fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)
. be brought forth
3318 yatsa' yaw-tsaw'
a primitive root; to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great
variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct
and proxim.:--X after, appear, X assuredly, bear out, X
begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come
(abroad, out, thereat, without), + be condemned,
depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact,
fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence,
out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out),
going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out,
lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, X
scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring
out, stand out, X still, X surely, take forth (out), at any
time, X to (and fro), utter.
יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: come.
: come/go_out/escape
1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart
1a2) to go forth (to a place)
1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)
1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)
1a5) to come out of
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
1b2) to bring out of
1b3) to lead out
1b4) to deliver
1c) (Hophal) to be brought out or forth
יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: send.
: send/take_out/release
1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart
1a2) to go forth (to a place)
1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)
1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)
1a5) to come out of
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
1b2) to bring out of
1b3) to lead out
1b4) to deliver
Hc/Vhw3ms/Sp1bs — Verb hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine singular · suffixHc/Vhw3ms/Sp1bs
מֶרְחָב (merchab) refers to a broad or roomy place, indicating an open space that can be understood both literally and figuratively as an area of liberty or expansiveness. The word is derived from a root meaning 'enlargement' and is associated with concepts of breadth and wide expanses.
מֶרְחָב n.[m.] broad, roomy, place
base
H4800 מֶרְחָב broad, roomy, place
4800 merchab mer-khawb'
from 7337; enlargement, either literally (an open space,
usually in a good sense), or figuratively
(liberty):--breadth, large place (room).
see HEBREW for 07337
מֶרְחָב (mer.chav) — broad.
broad or roomy place, wide, expanses
HRd/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
plas: Normally for maqom, Old Testament, and topos, New Testament, but in the King James Version "place" represents a great number of Hebrew and Greek words, often used with no difference in force (e.g. 2Ch 35:10,15). the Revised Version (British and American) has made few changes, but occasionally has attempted to specialize the meaning (Ge 40:13; Job 37:8; Ac 8:32; Jas 3:11, etc.).
חָלַץ (chalats) is a Hebrew verb that encompasses a range of meanings related to drawing out or withdrawing, as well as rescuing or delivering. It can also imply equipping for war or strengthening. The entries indicate that it can be used in various forms, including to arm oneself or to be delivered. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
חָלַץ vb. draw off or out, withdraw
Qal
draw, draw off
intrans. withdraw
Niph. be delivered
Pi.
pull out, tear out
rescue, deliver
base
[חָלַץ] vb. equip for war
Qal only Pt. pass.—equipped
as adj.
as subst. sg. coll.
Niph. be or go equipped
Hiph. will brace up, invigorate, thy bones
base
H2502a חָלַץ draw off or out, withdraw .. draw, draw off
. intrans. withdraw
. be delivered
. . pull out, tear out
. rescue, deliver
H2502b חָלַץ equip for war .only Pt. pass.—equipped . as adj.
. as subst. sq. coll.
. be or go equipped
. will brace up, invigorate, thy bones
2502 chalats khaw-lats'
a primitive root; to pull off; hence (intensively) to strip,
(reflex.) to depart; by implication, to deliver, equip (for
fight); present, strengthen:--arm (self), (go, ready) armed (X
man, soldier), deliver, draw out, make fat, loose, (ready)
prepared, put off, take away, withdraw self.
חָלַץ (cha.lats) — to rescue.
1) to draw off or out, withdraw
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to draw, draw off
1a2) to withdraw
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be delivered
1b2) to be saved
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to pull out, tear out
1c2) to rescue, deliver, set free
1c3) to take away, plunder
חָלַץ (cha.lats) — to arm.
1) to equip (for war), arm for war, rescue, be rescued
1a) (Qal) equipped (participle)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be equipped
1b2) to go equipped
1b3) to be armed
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to make strong, brace up
1c2) to invigorate
HVpi3ms/Sp1bs — Verb piel imperfect third person masculine singular · suffixHVpi3ms/Sp1bs
כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'
כִּי conj. that, for, when
that
Of time, when, of the past
elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
Because, since
base
כִּי אם־
each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
that if
for if
(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—
limiting the prec. clause, except
the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
after an oath, surely
base
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that
. . Of time, when, of the past
. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
. Because, since
H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if
. for if
. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except
. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
. after an oath, surely
H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
3588 kiy kee
a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional
prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent
or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative
conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by
other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,
where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,
even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +
nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,
therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,
whether, while, whom, yea, yet.
כִּי (ki) — for.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if
1f) but rather, but
1g) except that
1h) only, nevertheless
1i) surely
1j) that is
1k) but if
1l) for though
1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.
1) except if
1a) but if
1b) even though
כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
HTc — ParticleHTc
for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.
In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…
חָפֵץ (chaphets) is a Hebrew verb meaning to delight in or take pleasure in something. It can refer to both human desire and divine pleasure, indicating a sense of inclination or favor. The word is also noted to mean to bend down, though this usage is rare. The entries suggest a range of meanings focused on desire and pleasure.
ref
H2654a חָפֵץ delight in H2654b חָפֵץ bend down
2654 chaphets khaw-fates'
a primitive root; properly, to incline to; by implication
(literally but rarely) to bend; figuratively, to be pleased
with, desire:--X any at all, (have, take) delight, desire,
favour, like, move, be (well) pleased, have pleasure, will,
would.
חָפֵץ (cha.phets) — to delight in.
1) to delight in, take pleasure in, desire, be pleased with
1a) (Qal)
1a1) of men
1a1a) to take pleasure in, delight in
1a1b) to delight, desire, be pleased to do
1a2) of God
1a2a) to delight in, have pleasure in
1a2b) to be pleased to do
חָפַץ (ch.ph) — to sway.
1) to move, bend down
1a) (Qal) to bend down
HVqp3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
נִי (ni) — me.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular
HR/Sp1bs — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs