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Isaiah 54:11 — Word Study

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WLCעֲנִיָּ֥ה סֹעֲרָ֖ה לֹ֣א נֻחָ֑מָה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י מַרְבִּ֤יץ בַּפּוּךְ֙ אֲבָנַ֔יִךְ וִיסַדְתִּ֖יךְ בַּסַּפִּירִֽים׃

BSAO afflicted cityʻânîy [troubled, storm-crushed] lashed by stormsçâʻar [tossed, tempests] withoutlôʼ [lacking] solacenâcham [comfort] surelyhinnêh Iʼânôkîy [the Lord] will setrâbats your stonesʼeben [precious gems] in antimonypûwk [fair colors, a type of eye makeup] and lay your foundationsyâçad [establish, sit down together] with sapphiresçappîyr [valuable blue stones]

Word
Listen & take awayIsaiah 54
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 11 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ba.sa.pi.Rim) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Isaiah 54:11quick helps
In a sentenceGod speaks to a troubled city, promising to restore it with precious materials.
Who is speakingThe Lord addresses the afflicted city directly.
Where we areThis verse is part of a message of hope and restoration in a larger passage.
The hard wordעֲנִיָּה
Take awayThe promise of restoration comes amidst affliction.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectאָנֹכִי verbסָעַר The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Isaiah 54:11

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Promise of Restorationgenerated

10Though the mountains may be removed and the hills may be shaken, My loving devotion will not depart from you, and My covenant of peace will not be broken,” says the LORD, who has compassion on you.
11“O afflicted city, lashed by storms, without solace, surely I will set your stones in antimony and lay your foundations with sapphires.
12I will make your pinnacles of rubies, your gates of sparkling jewels, and all your walls of precious stones.
13Then all your sons will be taught by the LORD, and great will be their prosperity.

Isaiah 54:11 is part of a prophetic message where God reassures His people, who are depicted as an afflicted city. This verse follows a declaration of God's unwavering love and commitment to His covenant, emphasizing that despite their current struggles, restoration and beauty are on the horizon. The surrounding verses further elaborate on the transformation that awaits the city, promising a future filled with splendor and peace.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Isaiah 54:6For the LORD has called you back, like a wife deserted and wounded in spirit, like the rejected wife of one’s youth,” says your God.
2Isaiah 49:14But Zion said, “The LORD has forsaken me; the Lord has forgotten me!”
3Isaiah 51:17–19Awake, awake! Rise up, O Jerusalem, you who have drunk from the hand of the LORD the cup of His fury; you who have drained the goblet to the dregs— the cup that makes men stagger.
4Isaiah 52:1–5Awake, awake, clothe yourself with strength, O Zion! Put on your garments of splendor, O Jerusalem, holy city! For the uncircumcised and unclean will no longer enter you.
5Isaiah 60:15Whereas you have been forsaken and despised, with no one passing through, I will make you an everlasting pride, a joy from age to age.

The Key Word עֲנִיָּ֥ה, 'a.ni.Yahgenerated

The word עָנִי (aniy) is an adjective that describes a state of being afflicted or humble. It conveys the idea of someone who is experiencing distress or hardship, often in a social or emotional context. The parsing indicates that it is used here in the feminine singular form, aligning with the city being personified as a female entity.

In this verse, the use of עֲנִיָּה highlights the city's suffering and vulnerability, setting the stage for God's promise of restoration. The Septuagint translates it as ταπεινὴ, meaning 'humble' or 'lowly', which reinforces the theme of God's compassion towards those in distress.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The translations of this verse generally agree on the depiction of the city as afflicted.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse is structured around a main clause introduced by the verb מַרְבִּ֤יץ (marbitz), meaning 'I will set'. This verb governs the action of restoration, with several phrases describing what will be set and how.

The order emphasizes the contrast between the city's current state of affliction and the future promise of beauty and stability, as seen in the arrangement of the phrases detailing the materials that will be used.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, עֲנִיָּ֥ה is rendered as ταπεινὴ, which conveys a sense of humility or lowliness. This choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning but also emphasizes the spiritual condition of the city.

The choice of ἑτοιμάζω for 'I will set' in the LXX suggests a deliberate act of preparation, reinforcing the theme of restoration and careful establishment of the city's foundations.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Isaiah 54:11 speaks to a city that is suffering and without comfort. God promises to restore it by setting precious stones and laying a strong foundation. This verse is part of a larger message of hope, where God reassures His people of their future beauty and stability.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean for the city to be 'afflicted'?

The term 'afflicted' indicates that the city is experiencing hardship and distress, often due to external circumstances or judgment.

What is the significance of using precious materials like sapphires?

Using precious materials symbolizes beauty, value, and the restoration of dignity to the city, contrasting its current state of affliction.

How does this verse relate to the surrounding verses?

This verse is part of a broader message of hope and restoration, where God reassures His people of His unwavering love and the promise of a glorious future.

What can we learn from God's promise to the afflicted city?

We learn that God sees our struggles and offers hope for restoration and beauty, regardless of our current circumstances.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I felt afflicted or troubled, and how can I seek God's comfort in those times?
  2. What does it mean to me that God promises restoration to those who are suffering?
  3. How can I apply the message of hope in this verse to my own life and the lives of others around me?
  4. What are some ways I can support those who are currently in a state of affliction?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early commentators have drawn from this verse to discuss God's promise of restoration and the significance of the materials mentioned, highlighting the beauty and value of what God intends for His people.

Eusebius of CaesareaCOMMENTARY ON Isaiah 2:43 c. 260–340
We should understand all these things of which Isaiah speaks as worthy and precious souls, with whom God commits himself to build the heavenly citizenry. He compares them with sapphire on the grounds of its likeness to the color of heaven.
Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 54 →
JeromeVerse 11, 12. c. 347–420
The poor thing, torn apart by the storm without consolation. Behold, I will lay your stones in order: and I will lay your foundations in sapphires.
Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 54 →
Cyril of AlexandriaCOMMENTARY ON Isaiah 5:2.54:11-13 c. 376–444
“I will place you as a carbon stone.” It is fitting to want to signify Jesus through this stone that was set, the Scriptures say, as the foundation of Zion. If anyone trusts in this foundation, he will not be ashamed.
Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 54 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Isaiah 54:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

O thou afflicted, tossed with tempests, and not comforted,.... Or, "O thou poor" (s) church; for the first Christian churches chiefly consisted of poor persons, not many mighty and noble being

Read John Gill on Isaiah 54 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, behold, I will lay thy stones with fair colours, and lay thy foundations with sapphires. O thou afflicted ... not comforted - by any one; none gave her help or comfort.

Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 54 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

O thou afflicted, tossed with tempests, and not comforted; O thou my poor church, frequently been, and wilt again and again be, in a most afflicted and comfortless condition for a time, be not discouraged thereby. I will lay thy stones with fair colours, and lay thy foundations with sapphires; I will make thee exceeding beautiful and glorious. Which yet is not to be understood of outward pomp and worldly glory, as is evident from many places of Scripture, which assure us that Christ’ s kingdom is of another nature, and that the external condition of God’ s church is, and for the most part will be, mean and calamitous in this world; but of a spiritual beauty and glory, consisting in the…

Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 54 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Isaiah 54:11 O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, [and] not comforted, behold, I will lay thy stones with fair colours, and lay thy foundations with sapphires.Ver. 11. O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted.] This is the Church’ s style and state in this present life: Ecclesia est haeres crucis, The church’ s cross clings, saith Luther. None out of hell have suffered more than saints. Behold, I will lay thy stones with fair colours.] So that thou shalt be a city of pearl, having for thy foundation the Lord Christ, for thy windows, the holy prophets, apostles, and other faithful preachers, by whose ministry thou shalt receive the light of true knowledge, and for thy walls…

Read John Trapp on Isaiah 54 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(11) I will lay thy stones with fair colours.—The first germ of the idealising symbolism of the new Jerusalem. The language of Tob 13:16-17, shows the impression which it made on the Jews of the captivity. It takes its highest form, excluding all thoughts of a literal fulfilment, in Revelation 21:19-21. The Hebrew word for “fair colours” indicates the kohl, the black powder of antimony, or manganese, used by women in the East on eyelids and eyebrows, so as to enhance the brilliancy of the eyes. (2 Kings 9:30, 1 Chronicles 29:2, Jeremiah 4:30.) Here, apparently, it is used in the same way as the setting of the sapphires and other gems. For “windows” read pinnacles.Sapphires . . .—As with the…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 54 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 11. Behold, I will lay thy stones - "Behold, I lay thy stones"] These seem to be general images to express beauty, magnificence, purity, strength, and solidity, agreeably to the ideas of the eastern nations; and to have never been intended to be strictly scrutinized, or minutely and particularly explained, as if they had each of them some precise, moral, or spiritual meaning. Tobit, in his prophecy of the final restoration of Israel, describes the New Jerusalem in the same oriental manner: "For Jerusalem shall be built up with sapphires, and emeralds, and precious stones; thy walls, and towers, and battlements, with pure gold. And the streets of Jerusalem shall be paved with beryl…

Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 54 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

11, 12. The outward splendour of the new Jerusalem described in highly figurative language; comp. Tob 13:16-17; Revelation 21:18-21. I will lay thy stones with fair colours] lit. in antimony (R.V. marg.). Antimony (pϋkh) was used by Oriental females as an eye-powder to blacken the edges of the eyelids and enhance the lustre of the eyes (2 Kings 9:30; Jeremiah 4:30; comp. the name of Job’s third daughter, Keren-hap-pukh, ‘horn of eye-powder,’ Job 42:14. see further Lane, Manners and Customs, &c. ed. 1890, pp. 29 ff.). In the figure the antimony would represent the costly mortar used to set off the brilliancy of the still more costly stones. The ἄνθρακα of the LXX. seems to stand for πτκ…

Read Cambridge on Isaiah 54 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

O thou afflicted - In the previous verses, Yahweh had merely promised protection, and had in general terms assured them of his favor.

Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 54 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

“O afflicted city, lashed by storms, without solace, surely I will set your stones in antimony and lay your foundations with sapphires.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

“You afflicted, tossed with storms, and not comforted, behold, I will set your stones in beautiful colors, and lay your foundations with sapphires.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

“O afflicted city, lashed by storms, without solace, surely I will set your stones in antimony and lay your foundations with sapphires.

NETBNew English Translation2006

“O afflicted one, driven away, and unconsoled! Look, I am about to set your stones in antimony and I lay your foundation with lapis-lazuli.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

¶ O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, behold, I will lay thy stones with fair colours, and lay thy foundations with sapphires.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, behold, I will set thy stones in fair colors, and lay thy foundations with sapphires.

RVARevised Version, American1894

O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, behold, I will set thy stones in fair colours, and lay thy foundations with sapphires.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Oh thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, behold, I will lay thy stones with fair colors, and lay thy foundations with sapphires.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

O thou afflicted and tossed with tempest, that hast no comfort, beholde, I wil lay thy stones with the carbuncle, and lay thy foundation with saphirs,

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

[Thou] afflicted, tossed with tempest, not comforted! Behold, I will set thy stones in antimony, and lay thy foundations with sapphires;

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

O afflicted, storm-tossed, not comforted, Lo, I am laying with cement thy stones, And have founded thee with sapphires,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

“O afflicted, storm-tossed, not comforted, || Behold, I am laying your stones with cement, || And have founded you with sapphires,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

O thou afflicted, tossed by the tempest, and not comforted, behold, I will lay thy stones with fair colors, and lay thy foundations with sapphires.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Afflicted one, storm-driven and uncomforted one, look, I will set your pavement in turquoise, and lay your foundations with sapphires.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

O poor little one, tossed with tempest, without all comfort, behold I will lay thy stones in order, and will lay thy foundations with sapphires,

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

My poor storm-damaged city that can't be comforted! Look, I'm going to reset your stones in cement made of antimony, I will use sapphires to lay your foundations.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

O troubled one, storm-crushed, uncomforted! see, your stones will be framed in fair colours, and your bases will be sapphires.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseclausenoun phrasenoun phraseעֲנִיָּ֥הO.afflicted.[one]clauseverbסֹעֲרָ֖ה[which].it.is.storm-tossedclauseadverbialלֹ֣א[which].notverbנֻחָ֑מָהit.has.been.comfortedclauseהִנֵּ֨הhere!clauseclausesubjectאָנֹכִ֜יIverbמַרְבִּ֤יץ[am].about.to.setprepositional phrase · prepositionalבַּinnoun phrase(the)פּוּךְ֙antimonynoun phrase · objectאֲבָנַ֔יִstonesךְyourוִandclauseverbיסַדְתִּ֖יIobjectךְwill.refound.youprepositional phrase · prepositionalבַּwithnoun phrase(the)סַּפִּירִֽיםsapphires

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree on the wording of this verse, with the Dead Sea Scrolls providing various fragments that confirm the core message. Some scrolls show minor variations or restorations, but the essential promise of restoration remains intact across the witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

עֲנִיָּ֥ה סֹעֲרָ֖ה לֹ֣א נֻחָ֑מָה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י מַרְבִּ֤יץ בַּפּוּךְ֙ אֲבָנַ֔יִךְ וִיסַדְתִּ֖יךְ בַּסַּפִּירִֽים׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
עֲנִיָּ֥הταπεινὴלֹ֣אοὐנֻחָ֑מָהπαρεκλήθηςהִנֵּ֨הἰδοὺאָנֹכִ֜יἐγὼמַרְבִּ֤יץἑτοιμάζωבַּפּוּךְ֙ἄνθρακαאֲבָנַ֔יִךְσουוִיסַדְתִּ֖יךְσουבַּסַּפִּירִֽים׃σάπφειρον

10 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Qisaaa copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

ענייה סחורה לוא נחמה הנה אנוכי מרביץ בפוך אבני׳ך ויסודותי׳ך בספירים

11 words on the leather.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q57a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

עניה [סערה] [לא] נוחמה הנה אנוכי [מרביץ] [בפוך] [אבני׳ך] [ויסדתי׳ך] [בספירים]

2 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 7 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q69aa copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[עניה] [סערה] [לא] [נחמה] [הנה] [אנכי] [מרביץ] [בפוך] אבני׳ך [ויסדתי׳ך] [בספירים]

1 word on the leather — 10 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q58a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

עניה סערה [לא] [נחמה] [הנה] [אנכי] [מרביץ] [בפוך] [אבני׳ך]

9 words of the verse are on this fragment — 2 partly restored, 7 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Isaiah 54:11עָנִיO afflictedO afflicted [onעָנִיסָעַרit is stormit is storm tosסָעַרלֹאnotnotלֹאנחםit has beenit has been comנחםהִנֵּהhere!here!הִנֵּהאָֽנֹכִ֫יIIאָֽנֹכִ֫ירָבַץ[am] about [am] about to sרָבַץפּוּךְin antimonyin antimonyפּוּךְאֶ֫בֶןstones yourstones yourאֶ֫בֶןיָסַדand I will and I will refoיָסַדסַפִּירwith sapphiwith sapphiresסַפִּירעָנָהbe occupiebe occupiedעָנָהסָפַרto recountto recountסָפַרהֵןlook!look!הֵןבָּנָהto buildto buildבָּנָהיָקָרpreciouspreciousיָקָרחָטַףto catchto catchחָטַףאֶבְיוֹןneedyneedyאֶבְיוֹןיָם(Mt. Ephro(Mt. Ephron in יָםהָלַךְto go: walto go: walkהָלַךְיָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹדרַעbad: harmfbad: harmfulרַענֶ֫גַעplagueplagueנֶ֫גַעחֲלוֹםdreamdreamחֲלוֹםצָוָהto commandto commandצָוָהמִצְוָהcommandmencommandmentמִצְוָהנָוֶהpasturepastureנָוֶהעֵ֫דֶרflockflockעֵ֫דֶר
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 54:11

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

O afflicted [one] it is storm tossed not it has been comforted here! I [am] about to set in antimony stones your and I will refound you with sapphires
עֲנִיָּ֥ה'a.ni.Yah O afflicted [one] H6041 Adj
74× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes someone who is depressed, humble, or weak, often due to difficult circumstances, as described in the Psalms and other biblical books.
Amplified meaning
troubled, storm-crushed
Tyndale gloss
afflicted
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָנִי (aniy) describes a state of being poor, afflicted, or humble. It is built from the root meaning to be depressed in mind or circumstances. The entries indicate it covers a range of meanings including needy, lowly, and wretched. There is a noted disagreement regarding its relationship to another word, עָנָה (anah), with some lexicons viewing one as subjective and the other as objective.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָנִי adj. poor, afflicted, humble

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6041 עָנִי poor, afflicted, humble

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6041 `aniy aw-nee'

from 6031; depressed, in mind or circumstances (practically

the same as 6035, although the margin constantly disputes

this, making 6035 subjective and 6041 objective):--afflicted,

humble, lowly, needy, poor.

see HEBREW for 06031

see HEBREW for 06035

see HEBREW for 06035

see HEBREW for 06041

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָנִי (a.ni) — afflicted.

1) poor, afflicted, humble, wretched

1a) poor, needy

1b) poor and weak

1c) poor, weak, afflicted, wretched

1d) humble, lowly

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAafsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

wun.

See NUMBER.

O afflicted [one] it is storm tossed not it has been comforted here! I [am] about to set in antimony stones your and I will refound you with sapphires
סֹעֲרָ֖הso.'a.Rah it is storm tossed H5590 Verb · Pual · perfect third person feminine singular
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to rage or storm, like a strong wind or a turbulent sea. It can describe a fierce emotion or a violent natural event, and it's translated in the KJV as 'tempest' or 'whirlwind'.
Amplified meaning
tossed, tempests
Tyndale gloss
to rage
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סָעַר (sa'ar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to storm or rage. It encompasses actions like rushing upon or tossing, often in a tempestuous manner. The word can describe both literal storms and figurative states of being enraged or troubled. The entries indicate various grammatical forms, including Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Pual, each reflecting different nuances of the root meaning.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[סָעַר] vb. storm, rage

Qal they [my foes] storm along to scatter me

Niph. and the heart of the king … was enraged

Pi. and storm them away (hurl them by a storm-wind) upon the nations.

Po. shall be like chaff (which) is storm-driven from a threshing-floor.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5590 סָעַר

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5590 ca`ar saw-ar'

a primitive root; to rush upon; by implication, to toss

(transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative):--be

(toss with) tempest(-uous), be sore, troubled, come out as a

(drive with the, scatter with a) whirlwind.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סָעַר (sa.ar) — to rage.

1) to storm, rage

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to storm

1a2) stormy, growing storm (participle)

1b) (Niphal) to be enraged

1c) (Piel) to storm away

1d) (Pual) to be driven by storm

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Pual-Perf-3fs — Verb · Pual · perfect third person feminine singular
HVPp3fs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
O afflicted [one] it is storm tossed not it has been comforted here! I [am] about to set in antimony stones your and I will refound you with sapphires
לֹ֣אlo' not H3808 Particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Amplified meaning
lacking
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
O afflicted [one] it is storm tossed not it has been comforted here! I [am] about to set in antimony stones your and I will refound you with sapphires
נֻחָ֑מָהnu.Cha.mah it has been comforted H5162 Verb · Pual · perfect third person feminine singular
108× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To comfort means showing pity or sympathy, as seen in God's actions throughout the Bible, such as in Isaiah 40. The word can also imply regret or remorse, like in the story of Jonah, who was sorry for his actions. It involves easing someone's pain or discomfort.
Amplified meaning
comfort
Tyndale gloss
to be sorry: comfort
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָחַם (nacham) is a Hebrew root that conveys a range of meanings related to feelings of sorrow, compassion, and comfort. It can signify being sorry, repenting, or consoling oneself, as well as avenging oneself in a more negative context. The verb appears in various forms, including Niph., Piel, Pual, and Hithpael, each reflecting different nuances of comfort and regret.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נחם] vb. Niph. be sorry, console oneself, etc.

Niph.

be sorry, moved to pity, have compassion, for others

be sorry, rue, suffer grief, repent, of one’s own doings

comfort oneself, be comforted

comfort oneself, ease oneself, by taking vengeance

Piel—comfort, console

Pual; be comforted, consoled

Hithpa.—

be sorry, have compassion

rue, repent of

comfort oneself, be comforted

ease oneself, by taking vengeance

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5162 נחם Niph. be sorry, console oneself, etc. .comfort, console

. be comforted, consoled

.— . be sorry, have compassion

. rue, repent of

. comfort oneself, be comforted

. ease oneself, by taking vengeance

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5162 nacham naw-kham'

a primitive root; properly, to sigh, i.e. breathe strongly;

by implication, to be sorry, i.e. (in a favorable sense) to

pity, console or (reflexively) rue; or (unfavorably) to avenge

(oneself):--comfort (self), ease (one's self),

repent(-er,-ing, self).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָחַם (na.cham) — to be sorry: comfort.

: comfort

1) to be sorry, console oneself, repent, regret, comfort, be comforted

1a) (Niphal)

1a1) to be sorry, be moved to pity, have compassion

1a2) to be sorry, rue, suffer grief, repent

1a3) to comfort oneself, be comforted

1a4) to comfort oneself, ease oneself

1b) (Piel) to comfort, console

1c) (Pual) to be comforted, be consoled

1d) (Hithpael)

1d1) to be sorry, have compassion

1d2) to rue, repent of

1d3) to comfort oneself, be comforted

1d4) to ease oneself

Also means: na.cham (נָחַם ": relent" H5162H)

נָחַם (na.cham) — to be sorry: relent.

: relent

1) to be sorry, console oneself, repent, regret, comfort, be comforted

1a) (Niphal)

1a1) to be sorry, be moved to pity, have compassion

1a2) to be sorry, rue, suffer grief, repent

1a3) to comfort oneself, be comforted

1a4) to comfort oneself, ease oneself

1b) (Piel) to comfort, console

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Pual-Perf-3fs — Verb · Pual · perfect third person feminine singular
HVPp3fs
O afflicted [one] it is storm tossed not it has been comforted here! I [am] about to set in antimony stones your and I will refound you with sapphires
הִנֵּ֨הhi.Neh here! H2009 Particle
843× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is an expression that means 'behold' or 'look', often used to draw attention to something. It appears in Genesis and Isaiah, and is translated as 'behold' or 'lo' in the KJV.
Tyndale gloss
behold
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הִנֵּה (hinneh) is a Hebrew word meaning 'behold' or 'lo!' It serves as a demonstrative particle used to draw attention, appearing in contexts such as Genesis 19:2. The word is derived from a prolongation of another Hebrew term, but the entries do not provide further details on its usage beyond this.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הִנֵּה, once הִנֶּה־ Gn 19:2, demonstr.part. lo!, behold!

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2009 הִנֵּה, הִנֶּה־ lo!, behold!

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2009 hinneh hin-nay'

prolongation for 2005; lo!:--behold, lo, see.

see HEBREW for 02005

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הִנֵּה (hin.neh) — behold.

behold, lo, see, if

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTj
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

her, in composition:

O afflicted [one] it is storm tossed not it has been comforted here! I [am] about to set in antimony stones your and I will refound you with sapphires
אָנֹכִ֜י'a.no.Khi I H595 Pronoun
359× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This simple Hebrew word just means 'I', referring to the speaker, like in Genesis 27 where Esau says 'I' when talking to his father Isaac.
Amplified meaning
the Lord
Tyndale gloss
I
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אָֽנֹכִ֫י (*anokiy*) is a first-person singular pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me.' It is a variant spelling of אֲנִי (*ani*), which also means 'I.' The entries confirm its use as a personal pronoun without significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָֽנֹכִ֫י, אָנֹ֑כִי pron. 1s. comm. I

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H595 אָֽנֹכִ֫י, אָנֹ֑כִי I

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

595 'anokiy aw-no-kee'

sometimes {aw-no'-kee}; a primitive pro.; I:--I, me, X

which.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָֽנֹכִ֫י (a.no.khi) — I.

I (first pers. sing.)

Another spelling of a.ni (אֲנִי, אָֽנֹכִ֫י "I" H0589)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Pronoun
HPp1bs
O afflicted [one] it is storm tossed not it has been comforted here! I [am] about to set in antimony stones your and I will refound you with sapphires
מַרְבִּ֤יץmar.Bitz [am] about to set H7257 Verb · Hiphil · participle (active) masculine singular
30× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To stretch or lie down, like an animal, and can imply resting or lurking, as in Exodus 23:5.
Tyndale gloss
to stretch
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָבַץ (rabats) is a Hebrew verb meaning to stretch out or lie down. It encompasses actions like reclining, brooding, or lurking, and can imply causing something to lie down as well. The entries indicate its use in various forms, including Qal and Hiphil, but do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָבַץ vb. stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out

Qal lie down, lie

Hiph. cause to lie down, or lie

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7257 רָבַץ stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7257 rabats raw-bats'

a primitive root; to crouch (on all four legs folded, like a

recumbent animal); be implication, to recline, repose, brood,

lurk, imbed:--crouch (down), fall down, make a fold, lay,

(cause to, make to) lie (down), make to rest, sit.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָבַץ (ra.vats) — to stretch.

1) to stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out

1a) (Qal) to lie down, lie

1b)(Hiphil) to cause to lie down

1b1) laying (stones)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil — Verb · Hiphil · participle (active) masculine singular
HVhrmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

Few words in the English language have such a rich variety of meaning and are used in so rich a variety of idiomatic expression as the word "set." A glance at any of the great dictionaries will convince anyone of the truth of this statement. The Standard Dictionary devotes three and a half columns to the word. In its primary meaning it there denotes 22 distinct things, in its secondary meaning 17 more, while 18 distinct phrases are given in which it is used, in some cases again in a variety of meanings. It is indeed a word calculated to drive a foreigner to despair. Some 70 Hebrew and about 30 Greek words in the original tongues of the Holy Scriptures have been rendered by the word "set," in the King James Version and also in the Revised Version (British and American). A careful comparative study of the original and of translations in other tongues will at once indicate that a lack of…

O afflicted [one] it is storm tossed not it has been comforted here! I [am] about to set in antimony stones your and I will refound you with sapphires
בַּפּוּךְ֙ba.puKh in antimony H6320 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means a type of eye makeup, specifically a black dye called stibium. In 2 Kings 9:30, it describes the makeup worn by Jezebel. The KJV translates it as paint or fair colors.
Amplified meaning
fair colors, a type of eye makeup
Tyndale gloss
color
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פּוּךְ (puk) refers to a substance associated with color, specifically antimony or stibium, which was used as a black paint or eye cosmetic. The word is built from an unused root meaning to paint or dye, and it covers the idea of fair colors and glistering effects.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פּוּךְ n.[m.] antimony, stibium

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6320 פּוּךְ

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6320 puwk pook

from an unused root meaning to paint; dye (specifically,

stibium for the eyes):--fair colours, glistering, paint(-ed)

(-ing).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פּוּךְ (pukh) — color.

1) antimony, stibium, black paint

1a) eye cosmetic

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HRd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

an'-ti-mo-ni. See COLOR.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
O afflicted [one] it is storm tossed not it has been comforted here! I [am] about to set in antimony stones your and I will refound you with sapphires
אֲבָנַ֔יִךְ'a.va.Na.yikh stones your H68 Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
273× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word refers to a stone, which could be a rock, a weight, or even a precious gem. It is used to describe a variety of objects, from building materials to hailstones. The KJV translates it as stone or weight.
Amplified meaning
precious gems
Tyndale gloss
stone: weight
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֶ֫בֶן (*eben*) means 'stone' and encompasses various types, including common stones, precious stones, and stones used as weights or tools. It can also refer to metaphorical uses, such as a hardened heart or sinking in water. The entries highlight its physical and symbolic significance, with no notable disagreements among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶ֫בֶן 274 n.f. stone

in natural state

stone, as material

precious stone, gen. with modifying word

stone containing metal, = ore

a weight, as orig. stone

plummet

objects like stone

in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water

In topogr. terms

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H68 אֶ֫בֶן stone . in natural state

. stone, as material

. precious stone, gen. with modifying word

. stone containing metal, = ore

. a weight, as orig. stone

. plummet

. objects like stone

. in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water

. In topogr. terms

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

68 'eben eh'-ben

from the root of 1129 through the meaning to build; a

stone:--+ carbuncle, + mason, + plummet, (chalk-, hail-,

head-, sling-)stone(-ny), (divers) weight(-s).

see HEBREW for 01129

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶ֫בֶן (e.ven) — stone.

: stone

1) stone (large or small)

1a) common stone (in natural state)

1b) stone, as material

1b1) of tablets

1b2) marble, hewn stones

1c) precious stones, stones of fire

1d) stones containing metal (ore), tool for work or weapon

1e) weight

1f) plummet (stones of destruction) also made of metal

1g) stonelike objects, eg hailstones, stony heart, ice

1h) sacred object, as memorial Samuel set up to mark where God helped Israel to defeat the Philistines

1i) (simile)

1i1) sinking in water, motionlessness

1i2) strength, firmness, solidity

1i3) commonness

1j) (metaph)

1j1) petrified with terror

1j2) perverse, hard heart

אֶ֫בֶן (e.ven) — stone: weight.

: weight

1) stone (large or small)

1a) common stone (in natural state)

1b) stone, as material

1b1) of tablets

1b2) marble, hewn stones

1c) precious stones, stones of fire

1d) stones containing metal (ore), tool for work or weapon

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
HNcfpc/Sp2fs
O afflicted [one] it is storm tossed not it has been comforted here! I [am] about to set in antimony stones your and I will refound you with sapphires
וִיסַדְתִּ֖יךְvi.sad.Tikh and I will refound you H3245 Verb qal sequential perfect first person common singular · suffix
43× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To found or establish something is the meaning of this Hebrew word. It also means to sit down together and consult, as in a meeting or council.
Amplified meaning
establish, sit down together
Tyndale gloss
to found
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָסַד (yacad) means to establish or found, with nuances of fixing and laying a foundation. It can refer to both literal and figurative settings, such as appointing or consulting. The verb appears in various forms, including Qal (to found), Niphal (to be founded), and Piel (to establish). The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָסַד vb. establish, found, fix

Qal found, establish

Niph.

fix or seat themselves close together, sit in conclave

be founded

Pi.

found

establish

Pu. be founded, be laid, of a foundation

Hoph. be founded

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3245 יָסַד establish, found, fix

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3245 yacad yaw-sad'

a primitive root; to set (literally or figuratively);

intensively, to found; reflexively, to sit down together, i.e.

settle, consult:--appoint, take counsel, establish, (lay the,

lay for a) found(-ation), instruct, lay, ordain, set, X sure.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָסַד (ya.sad) — to found.

1) to found, fix, establish, lay foundation

1a) (Qal) to found, establish, begin

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to fix or seat themselves close together, sit in conclave

1b2) to be founded

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to found

1c2) to establish, appoint, ordain

1d) (Pual) to be founded, be laid

1e) (Hophal) to be founded

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-1cs | Suff — Verb qal sequential perfect first person common singular · suffix
Hc/Vqq1cs/Sp2fs
O afflicted [one] it is storm tossed not it has been comforted here! I [am] about to set in antimony stones your and I will refound you with sapphires
בַּסַּפִּירִֽים׃ba.sa.pi.Rim with sapphires H5601 Preposition · noun common masculine plural absolute
11× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The sapphire is a precious gemstone mentioned in the Bible, possibly used to scratch other materials, as seen in Exodus 24:10. It is a blue gem, highly valued for its beauty and rarity. The KJV translates it as sapphire.
Amplified meaning
valuable blue stones
Tyndale gloss
sapphire
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סַפִּיר (sappir) refers to sapphire, and possibly lapis lazuli. It is identified as a gem, potentially used for scratching other materials. The word is derived from a root meaning to scratch, and it is noted in various lexicons for its association with these precious stones.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סַפִּיר n.[m.] sapphire, perh. also lapis lazuli

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5601 סַפִּיר sapphire, perh. also lapis lazuli

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5601 cappiyr sap-peer'

from 5608; a gem (perhaps used for scratching other

substances), probably the sapphire:--sapphire.

see HEBREW for 05608

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סַפִּיר (sap.pir) — sapphire.

sapphire, lapis lazuli

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absolute
HRd/Ncmpa
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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