Genesis 10:22 — Word Study
WLCבְּנֵ֥י שֵׁ֖ם עֵילָ֣ם וְאַשּׁ֑וּר וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁ֖ד וְל֥וּד וַֽאֲרָֽם׃
BSAThe sonsbên [children, descendants] of ShemShêm [Noah's eldest son, ancestor of many Semitic tribes] ElamʻÊylâm [a son of Shem and his descendants] AsshurʼAshshûwr [the ancestor of the Assyrians] ArphaxadʼArpakshad [a son of Shem, ancestor of a region] LudLûwd [the ancestor of the Lydians] and AramʼĂrâm [a region, also known as Syria, and its people, the Arameans]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| בְּנֵ֥י | [the] sons of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| שֵׁ֖ם | Shem | Noun proper masculine |
| עֵילָ֣ם | [were] Elam | Noun proper masculine |
| וְאַשּׁ֑וּר | and Asshur | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁ֖ד | and Arphaxad | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְל֥וּד | and Lud | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וַֽאֲרָֽם׃ | and Aram | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram. |
| KJV | The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram. |
| ASV | The sons of Shem: Elam, and Asshur, and Arpachshad, and Lud, and Aram. |
| YLT | Sons of Shem [are] Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram. |
| WEB | The sons of Shem were: Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram. |
| BBE | These are the sons of Shem: Elam and Asshur and Arpachshad and Lud and Aram. |
Where they part company is בְּנֵ֥י — see How Translations Differ.
The structure is straightforward, with a main clause followed by a list of names that serve as the predicate.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Genesis 10:22
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Genealogy of Shemgenerated
Genesis 10:22 provides a genealogy of Shem, Noah's eldest son, listing his descendants who became the ancestors of various nations. This genealogy is part of a broader narrative that traces the lineage of humanity after the Flood, emphasizing the importance of family lines in the biblical context. The descendants mentioned here, including Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram, play significant roles in the history of the ancient Near East.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 9:26 | He also declared: “Blessed be the LORD, the God of Shem! May Canaan be the servant of Shem. |
| 2 | 1 Chronicles 1:17–27 | The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram. The sons of Aram: Uz, Hul, Gether, and Meshech. |
| 3 | Genesis 14:1–9 | In those days Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim |
| 4 | 2 Kings 15:19 | Then Pul king of Assyria invaded the land, and Menahem gave Pul a thousand talents of silver in order to gain his support and strengthen his own grip on the kingdom. |
| 5 | Job 1:17 | While he was still speaking, another messenger came and reported: “The Chaldeans formed three bands, raided the camels, and took them away. They put the servants to the sword, and I alone have escaped to tell you!” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 13 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — בְּנֵ֥י, be.Neigenerated
The word בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'child' and signifies not only immediate offspring but also descendants and broader familial connections. It highlights the importance of lineage and inheritance in biblical texts.
In this verse, it is used in the construct state, indicating a direct relationship to Shem, thus emphasizing his role as the patriarch of these nations. The plural form indicates multiple descendants, underscoring the growth of Shem's lineage.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
Translations agree on the meaning of בְּנֵ֥י as 'the sons of'.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb structure is absent here, as this is a straightforward listing of names. The sentence comprises a noun phrase that identifies the subject, בְּנֵי שֵׁ֖ם (the sons of Shem), followed by a series of proper nouns that serve as the predicate.
The order of names emphasizes the lineage from Shem, establishing a clear connection among the descendants.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates בְּנֵי as υἱοὶ (huioi), meaning 'sons'. This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, maintaining the focus on familial relationships.
The use of υἱοὶ reflects the Greek understanding of lineage, similar to the Hebrew context, emphasizing the descendants of Shem.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Genesis 10:22 lists the sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram. These names represent the ancestors of various nations, showing the importance of Shem's lineage in biblical history.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Shem was Noah's eldest son and the ancestor of many Semitic tribes, playing a crucial role in the genealogies of the Bible.
Elam means 'eternity' and refers to both a son of Shem and a region associated with his descendants.
Asshur is the ancestor of the Assyrians, a significant ancient empire mentioned throughout the Bible.
Genealogy establishes lineage, inheritance, and the fulfillment of God's promises through specific families and nations.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How does understanding Shem's descendants help us grasp the biblical narrative of nations?
- What can we learn about family and heritage from the genealogies in the Bible?
- In what ways do the descendants of Shem influence biblical history?
- How does this genealogy connect to the broader themes of the Old Testament?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentators, including Jerome and Bede, reference this verse to discuss the geographical and genealogical implications of Shem's descendants.
The sons of Shem, Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram. These hold the part of Asia from the Euphrates River to the Indian Ocean. Now Elam, from whom the Elamite princes of Persia descend.Early Church Fathers on Genesis 10 →
The sons of Shem: Elam, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram. "These occupied part of Asia from the Euphrates river to the Indian Ocean. Now, Elam is from whom the Elamites, the chiefs of Persia, come.Early Church Fathers on Genesis 10 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Genesis 10:22 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe children of Shem,.... Whose names are Elam and Ashur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram; and who, as Josephus (f) says, inhabited Asia, from Euphrates to the Indian ocean: his first born, Elam, was
Read John Gill on Genesis 10 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram. Elam - Elymais, Susiana, the name of a Persian province, of which the capital was Susa. The word is used in the early books of Scripture for Persia.
Read Robert Jamieson on Genesis 10 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleOf Elam came the Elamites or Persians: see . Asshur was father of the Assyrians: see . Of Arphaxad the Chaldeans, as many conceive; or, as others, the inhabitants of that part of Assyria, from him called Arphaxitis, which Ptolemy corruptly calls Arrapachitis. Lud was father of the Lydians, a well-known people in Asia the Less. Of Aram the Syrians, known by the name of Aramites, both in sacred and other authors: compare with this .
Read Matthew Poole on Genesis 10 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsGenesis 10:22 The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.Ver. 22. Elam.] Father of the Persians, that warlike people, but worshippers of the sun. We read of a Persian ambassador, who, when he was among Christians, would have these words much in his mouth, Soli Deo gloria , cunningly, under that covert, giving honour to the sun.
Read John Trapp on Genesis 10 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(21-23) shem . . . the brother of Japheth the elder.—Really, the elder brother of Japheth. Though the rules of Hebrew grammar will admit of no other rendering, it is remarkable that both the Syriac and the Vulg. make the same mistake as our own version. In designating Shem as “the father of all the children of Eber,” attention is called to the fact that the descendants of Peleg, his elder son, are omitted from this table, and reserved for the Tôldôth Shem. (See Genesis 11:10.) The nations descended from Shem were:— 1. Elam.—According to Mr. Sayce (Chald. Gen., p. 196), “the primitive inhabitants of Elam were a race closely allied to the Accadians, and spread over the whole range of country…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Genesis 10 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 22. Elam] From whom came the Elamites, near to the Medes, and whose chief city was Elymais. Asshur] Who gave his name to a vast province (afterwards a mighty empire) called Assyria. Arphaxad] From whom Arrapachitis in Assyria was named, according to some; or Artaxata in Armenia, on the frontiers of Media, according to others. Lud] The founder of the Lydians. In Asia Minor; or of the Ludim, who dwelt at the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris, according to Arias Montanus. Aram.] The father of the Arameans, afterwards called Syrians.
Read AdamClarke on Genesis 10 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges22. The sons of Shem] This is the account by P, corresponding to the previous mention of “the sons of Japheth,” Genesis 10:2, and “the sons of Ham,” Genesis 10:6. Elam] The name of a people and a country east of the Tigris and north of the Persian Gulf. The Elamites were at one time supreme in Western Asia (see note on Genesis 14:1). They do not appear to have been a Semitic race; but the place of Elam in this verse probably indicates the easternmost people with which the descendants of Shem were brought into contact. Asshur] See note on Genesis 10:11. The Assyrians were the most powerful of the Semitic peoples. Arpachshad] This name used to be identified with Ἀῤῥαπαχῖτις, a mountainous…
Read Cambridge on Genesis 10 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible22. Elam — The Elymaeans who originally peopled the country west of Persia, between it and Mesopotamia, Elymais, stretching from the Caspian to the Persian Gulf; called Susiana by the old geographers, the Cissia of Herodotus.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Genesis 10 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram.
The sons of Shem were: Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram.
The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram.
The sons of Shem were Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram.
Tyndale line
The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.
The sons of Shem: Elam, and Asshur, and Arpachshad, and Lud, and Aram.
The sons of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arpachshad, and Lud, and Aram.
The children of Shem; Elam, and Ashur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.
The sonnes of Shem were Elam and Asshur, and Arpachshad, and Lud, and Aram.
Strictly literal
The sons of Shem: Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.
Sons of Shem [are] Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.
Sons of Shem [are] Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.
The sons of Shem: Elam, and Asshur, and Arpachshad, and Lud, and Aram.
The sons of Shem were Elam, Ashur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram.
From the Latin
The sons of Sem: Elam and Assur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.
Simplified
The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram.
These are the sons of Shem: Elam and Asshur and Arpachshad and Lud and Aram.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely, with all seven names matching. The Samaritan Pentateuch differs slightly by using 'Lud' instead of 'Lud' as in the Masoretic Text, but the overall genealogy remains consistent.
בְּנֵ֥י שֵׁ֖ם עֵילָ֣ם וְאַשּׁ֑וּר וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁ֖ד וְל֥וּד וַֽאֲרָֽם׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
בני שׁם עילם ואשׁור וארפכשׁד ולד וארם
1 word differs from the Masoretic Text: לד (Lud)
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Genesis 10:22
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
See SON, SONS.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שֵׁם (shem) refers to Shem, the first son of Noah, and is associated with his descendants, the Semitic tribes. The word also means 'name' in Hebrew. It appears in the context of the genealogies in Genesis, specifically noted in Genesis 5:32.
שֵׁם n.pr.m. first son of Noah
base
H8035 שֵׁם first son of Noah
8035 Shem shame
the same as 8034; name; Shem, a son of Noah (often includ.
his posterity):--Sem, Shem.
see HEBREW for 08034
שֵׁם (shem) — Shem.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.5.32;
son of: Noah (H5146);
brother of: Ham (H2526) and Japheth (H3315);
father of: Asshur (H0804H), Elam (H5867C), Arpachshad (H0775), Lud (H3865) and Aram (H0758)
Also named: Sēm (Σήμ "Shem" G4590)
§ Shem = "name"
the eldest son of Noah and progenitor of the Semitic tribes
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
shem (shem; Sem):
1. Position in Noah's Family: His Name:
The eldest son of Noah, from whom the Jews, as well as the Semitic ("Shemitic") nations in general have descended. When giving the names of Noah's three sons, Shem is always mentioned first (Ge 9:18; 10:1, etc.); and though "the elder" in "Shem the brother of Japheth the elder" (Ge 10:21 margin) is explained as referring to Shem, this is not the rendering of Onkelos. His five sons peopled the greater part of West Asia's finest tracts, from Elam on the East to the Mediterranean on the West. Though generally regarded as meaning "dusky" (compare the Assyr-Babylonian samu--also Ham--possibly = "black," Japheth, "fair"), it is considered possible that Shem may be the usual Hebrew word for "name" (shem), given him because he was…
Shem
A name; renown, the first mentioned of the sons of Noah (Gen. 5:32; 6:10). He was probably the eldest of Noah’s sons. The words “brother of Japheth the elder” in Gen. 10:21 are more correctly rendered “the elder brother of Japheth,” as in the Revised Version. Shem’s name is generally mentioned first in the list of Noah’s sons. He and his wife were saved in the ark (7:13). Noah foretold his preeminence over Canaan (9:23-27). He died at the age of six hundred years, having been for many years contemporary with Abraham, according to the usual chronology. The Israelitish nation sprang from him (Gen. 11:10-26; 1 Chr. 1:24-27).
(name), the eldest son of Noah. (Genesis 5:32) He was 98 years old, married, and childless at the time of the flood. After it, he, with his father, brothers, sisters-in-law and wife, received the blessing of God, (Genesis 9:1) and entered into the covenant. With the help of his brother Japheth, he covered the nakedness of their father and received the first blessing. (Genesis 9:25-27) He died at the age of 630 years. The portion of the earth occupied by the descendants of Shem, (Genesis 10:21,31) begins at its northwestern extremity with Lydia, and includes Syria (Aram), Chaldaea (Arphaxad), parts Of Assyria (Asshur), of Persia (Elam), and of the Arabian peninsula (Joktan).…
A son of Noah, Ge 5:32 6:10, always named before Ham and Japheth, as the eldest son; or, as some think, because he was the forefather of the Hebrews. In Ge 10:21, the word elder may be applied to Shem, instead of Japheth. He received a blessing from his dying father, Ge 9:26, and of his line the Messiah was born. He had five sons, and their posterity occupied the central regions between Ham and Japheth, and peopled the finest provinces of the East. The languages of some of these nations are still called the Shemitic languages, including the Hebrew, Chalee, Syriac, Arabic, Ethiopic, etc.; but in this general class are found several languages spoken by nations descended from Ham.
The Hebrew word עֵילָם (*Eylam*) refers primarily to Elam, a region and its people, descendants of Shem. It encompasses various individuals, including heads of families among the exiles, a chief in Benjamin, and a Levite. The term is linked to the concept of 'eternity' and appears in contexts related to the Exile and Return, as well as genealogies from the time of the Patriarchs.
עֵילָם n.pr.gent. et terr. Elam
base
עֵילָם n.pr.m.
heads of families of returned exiles
a chief of people
name in Benjamin
Levite name
a priest
base
H5867a עֵילָם n. pr. gent. et terr. Elam H5867b עֵילָם . heads of families of returned exiles
. a chief of people
. name in Benjamin
. Levite name
. a priest
5867 `Eylam ay-lawm'
or mOwlam (Ezra 10:2; Jeremiah 49:36) {o-lawm'}; probably
from 5956; hidden, i.e. distant; Elam, a son of Shem and his
descendants, with their country; also of six
Israelites:--Elam.
see HEBREW for 05956
עֵילָם (e.lam) — Elam.
§ Elam = "eternity"
a province east of Babylon and northeast of the lower Tigris
עֵילָם (e.lam) — Elam.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.2.7
§ Elam = "eternity"
1) a Korhite Levite in the time of David
2) a chief man of the tribe of Benjamin
3) ancestor of a family of exiles who returned with Zerubbabel
4) a chief of the people who signed the covenant with Nehemiah
5) another ancestor of another family of exiles who returned with Zerubbabel
6) a priest who assisted at the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah
7) another head of a family of returning exiles
עֵילָם (e.lam) — Elam.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.22;
son of: Shem (H8035);
brother of: Asshur (H0804H), Arpachshad (H0775), Lud (H3865) and Aram (H0758)
§ Elam = "eternity"
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Elam
Highland, the son of Shem (Gen. 10:22), and the name of the country inhabited by his descendants (14:1, 9; Isa. 11:11; 21:2, etc.) lying to the east of Babylonia, and extending to the shore of the Mediterranean, a distance in a direct line of about 1,000 miles. The name Elam is an Assyrian word meaning “high.”
“The inhabitants of Elam, or ‘the Highlands,’ to the east of Babylon, were called Elamites. They were divided into several branches, speaking different dialects of the same agglutinative language. The race to which they belonged was brachycephalic, or short-headed, like the pre-Semitic Sumerians of Babylonia.
“The earliest Elamite kingdom seems to have been that of Anzan, the exact site of which is uncertain; but in the time of Abraham, Shushan or Susa appears…
(eternity). This seems to have been originally the name of a man, the son of Shem. (Genesis 10:22; 1 Chronicles 1:17) Commonly, however, it is used as the appellation of a country. (Genesis 14:1,9; Isaiah 11:11; 21:2) The Elam of Scripture appears to be the province lying south of Assyria and east of Persia proper, to which Herodotus gives the name of Cissia (iii. 91, v. 49, etc.), and which is termed Susis or Susiana by the geographers. Its capital was Susa. This country was originally people by descendants of Shem. By the time of Abraham a very important power had been built up in the same region. It is plain that at this early time the predominant power in lower Mesopotamia was Elam, which for a while held the place…
1. The region afterwards called Persia, Ge 14:1. It was called Elam after a son of Shem, Ge 10:22. It corresponded to the Elymais of Greek and Roman writers, which comprehended a part of Susiana, now Khusistan or more probably included the whole of Susiana. The city Susa, or Shushan, was in it, Da 8:2. See also Ac 2:9.
אַשּׁוּר (Ashshuwr) refers to Assyria, the ancient empire and its people, as well as Asshur, the second son of Shem. The term encompasses the region, the nation, and the descendants of Asshur. It is linked to the notion of success and is first mentioned in Genesis 10:22.
אַשּׁוּר n.pr.gent. & terr. Asshur, Assyria
base
H804 אַשּׁוּר Asshur, Assyria
804 'Ashshuwr ash-shoor'
or iAshshur {ash-shoor'}; apparently from 833 (in the sense
of successful); Ashshur, the second son of Shem; also his
descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e. Assyria),
its region and its empire:--Asshur, Assur, Assyria,
Assyrians. See 838.
see HEBREW for 0833
see HEBREW for 0838
אַשּׁוּר (ash.shur) — Assyria.
§ Asshur or Assyria = "a step"
the nation, Assyria
the land, Assyria or Asshur
אַשּׁוּר (ash.shur) — Asshur.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.22;
son of: Shem (H8035);
brother of: Elam (H5867C), Arpachshad (H0775), Lud (H3865) and Aram (H0758)
§ Asshur or Assyria = "a step"
1) the second son of Shem, eponymous ancestor of the Assyrians
2) the people of Assyria
3) the nation, Assyria
4) the land, Assyria or Asshur
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
Asshur
Second son of Shem (Gen. 10:22; 1 Chr. 1:17). He went from the land of Shinar and built Nineveh, etc. (Gen. 10:11,12). He probably gave his name to Assyria, which is the usual translation of the word, although the form Asshur is sometimes retained (Num. 24:22, 24; Ezek. 27:23, etc.). In Gen. 2:14 “Assyria” ought to be “Asshur,” which was the original capital of Assyria, a city represented by the mounds of Kalah Sherghat, on the west bank of the Tigris. This city was founded by Bel-kap-kapu about B.C. 1700. At a later date the capital was shifted to Ninua, or…
second son of Shem, (Genesis 10:22) also the Hebrew form for Assyria. [ASSYRIA, ASSHUR]
אַרְפַּכְשַׁד (Arpakshad) is the name of a biblical figure, specifically the third son of Shem, mentioned in Genesis 10:22. He is also referred to as Arphaxad in some contexts, including the New Testament. The name may have foreign origins and is associated with a region settled by him.
אַרְפַּכְשַׁד n.pr.m. 3rd son of Shem
base
H775 אַרְפַּכְשַׁד 3rd son of Shem
775 'Arpakshad ar-pak-shad'
probably of foreign origin; Arpakshad, a son of Noah; also
the region settled by him:--Arphaxad.
אַרְפַּכְשַׁד (ar.pakh.shad) — Arpachshad.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.22;
son of: Shem (H8035);
brother of: Asshur (H0804H), Elam (H5867C), Lud (H3865) and Aram (H0758);
father of: Cainan (G2536); also called Arphaxad at Luk.3.36;
Also named: Arphaxad (Ἀρφαξάδ "Arphaxad" G0742)
§ Arphaxad = "I shall fail as the breast: he cursed the breast-bottle"
third son of Shem
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
Arphaxad
Son of Shem, born the year after the Deluge. He died at the age of 438 years (Gen. 11:10-13; 1 Chr. 1:17, 18; Luke 3:36). He dwelt in Mesopotamia, and became, according to the Jewish historian Josephus, the progenitor of the Chaldeans. The tendency is to recognize in the word the name of the country nearest the ancient domain of the Chaldeans. Some regard the word as an Egypticized form of the territorial name of Ur Kasdim, or Ur of the Chaldees.
(stronghold of the Chaldees). The son of Shem and ancestor of Eber. (Genesis 10:22,24; 11:10) Arphaxad, a king "who reigned over the Medes in Ecbatana," Judith 1:1-4; perhaps the same as Phraortes, who fell in a battle with the Assyrians, 633 B.C.
A son of Shem, two years after the flood, Ge 10:22; 11:10. Seven generations followed him before Abraham, while he lived till after the settlement of Abraham in the land of promise and the rescue of Lot from the four kings. He died A. M. 2096, aged four hundred and thirty-eight.
לוּד (lud) refers to Lud, a name associated with a people in northeastern Africa and also linked to Lydia. It is mentioned in the context of the genealogies in Genesis, where Lud is identified as a son of Shem and a progenitor of the Lydians. The name may signify 'strife'.
לוּד, לוּדִים n.pr.m. et gent.
Lud, Lydia
appar. a people in NE. Africa
base
H3865 לוּד, לוּדִים . Lud, Lydia
. appar. a people in NE. Africa
3865 Luwd lood
probably of foreign derivation; Lud, the name of two
nations:--Lud, Lydia.
לוּד (lud) — Lud.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.22;
son of: Shem (H8035);
brother of: Asshur (H0804H), Elam (H5867C), Arpachshad (H0775) and Aram (H0758)
Also named: lu.di (לוּדִי "Lydian" H3866H)
§ Lud or Lydia = "strife"
1) the 4th listed son of Shem and supposed progenitor of the Lydians
n patr
2) descendants of Lud the son of Shem who settled in northern Africa
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
Lud
(1.) The fourth son of Shem (Gen. 10:22; 1 Chr. 1:17), ancestor of the Lydians probably.
(2.) One of the Hamitic tribes descended from Mizraim (Gen. 10:13), a people of Africa (Ezek. 27:10; 30:5), on the west of Egypt. The people called Lud were noted archers (Isa. 66:19; comp. Jer. 46:9).
(strife) the fourth name in the list of the children of Shem, (Genesis 10:22) comp. 1Chr 1:17 Supposed to have been the ancestor of the Lydians.
A son of Shem, Ge 10:22, and ancestor, it is thought, of the Lydians in Asia Minor.
Ludim, same as Lod
אֲרָם (Aram) refers to both a person and a region. It denotes the fifth son of Shem, a grandson of Nahor, and a descendant of Asher. The term also encompasses the Aramean people and their territory, primarily in Mesopotamia and northern Syria. The word is often associated with the meaning 'exalted' and appears in various contexts, including references to the land of Mesopotamia.
אֲרָם n.pr.m. Aram
5th son of Shem
grandson of Nahor
a descendant of Asher
—Elsewhere only of Aramæan people & land (= 1 supr.)
people, sg. coll. = the Aramæans, a leading branch of the Shemitic stock inhabiting Mesopotamia & northern Syria, in many tribes & settlements
less often clearly of land; also of particular divisions of territory א׳ נַהֲרַיִם ‘Mesopotamia,’ i.e. prob. land between Euphrates & Chaboras; cf. פַּדַּן א׳ Paddan-Aram
often indeterminate
base
H758 אֲרָם Aram . 5th son of Shem
. grandson of Nahor
. a descendant of Asher
—Elsewhere only of Aramæan people & land (= 1 supr.) . people, sg. coll. = the Aramæans, a leading branch of the Shemitic stock inhabiting Mesopotamia & northern Syria, in many tribes & settlements
. less often clearly of land; also of particular divisions of territory א׳ נַהֲרַיִם ‘Mesopotamia,’ i.e. prob. land between Euphrates & Chaboras; cf. פַּדַּן א׳ Paddan-Aram
. often indeterminate
758 'Aram arawm'
from the same as 759; the highland; Aram or Syria, and its
inhabitants; also the name of the son of Shem, a grandson of
Nahor, and of an Israelite:--Aram, Mesopotamia, Syria,
Syrians.
see HEBREW for 0759
אֲרָם (a.ram) — Aram.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.22;
son of: Shem (H8035);
brother of: Asshur (H0804H), Elam (H5867C), Arpachshad (H0775) and Lud (H3865);
father of: Uz (H5780), Hul (H2343), Gether (H1666) and Mash (H4851)
§ Aram or Arameans = "exalted"
1) Aram or Syrian nation
2) the Syrian or Aramean people
Aram = "exalted"
n m
3) fifth son of Shem
4) a grandson of Nahor
5) a descendant of Asher
אֲרָם (a.ram) — Aram.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, only mentioned at Gen.22.21;
son of: Kemuel (H7055)
§ Aram or Arameans = "exalted"
1) Aram or Syrian nation
2) the Syrian or Aramean people
Aram = "exalted"
n m
3) fifth son of Shem
4) a grandson of Nahor
5) a descendant of Asher
אֲרָם (a.ram) — Syria.
§ Aram or Arameans = "exalted"
Aram or Syrian nation
אֲרָם (a.ram) — Aram.
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
Aram
The son of Shem (Gen. 10:22); according to Gen. 22:21, a grandson of Nahor. In Matt. 1:3, 4, and Luke 3:33, this word is the Greek form of Ram, the father of Amminadab (1 Chr. 2:10).
The word means high, or highlands, and as the name of a country denotes that elevated region extending from the northeast of Palestine to the Euphrates. It corresponded generally with the Syria and Mesopotamia of the Greeks and Romans. In Gen. 25:20; 31:20, 24; Deut. 26:5, the word “Syrian” is properly “Aramean” (R.V., marg.).…
(high). The name by which the Hebrews designated, generally, the country lying to the northeast of Palestine; the great mass of that high tableland which, rising with sudden abruptness from the Jordan and the very margin of the Lake of Gennesaret, stretched at an elevation of no less than 2000 feet above the level of the sea, to the banks of the Euphrates itself. Throughout the Authorized Version the word is, with only a very few exceptions, rendered, as in the Vulgate and LXX., SYRIA. Its earliest occurrence in the book of Genesis is in the form of Aram-naharaim , i.e. the "highland of or between the two rivers." (Genesis 24:10) Authorized Version "Mesopotamia." In the later history we meet with a number of small nations or kingdoms forming parts of the general land of Aram; but as Damascus increased in importance it gradually…
1. The name of three men in the Bible: a son of Shem, Ge 10:22, a grandson of Nahor, Ge 22:21, and an ancestor of our Lord, Ru 4:19 1Ch 2:10 Mt 1:3 Lu 3:33 2. Nearly synonymous with Syria; the Hebrew name of the whole region northeast of Palestine, extending from the Tigris on the east nearly to the Mediterranean on the west, and to the Taurus range on the north. It was named after Aram the son of Shem. Thus defined, it includes also Mesopotamia, which the Hebrews named Aram-naharaim, Aram of the two rivers, Ge…