Ezekiel 27:10 — Word Study
WLCפָּרַ֨ס וְל֤וּד וּפוּט֙ הָי֣וּ בְחֵילֵ֔ךְ אַנְשֵׁ֖י מִלְחַמְתֵּ֑ךְ מָגֵ֤ן וְכוֹבַע֙ תִּלּוּ־ בָ֔ךְ הֵ֖מָּה נָתְנ֥וּ הֲדָרֵֽךְ׃
BSAof PersiaPâraç [a vast territory from India to Egypt] LydiaLûwd [Lud, a nation of Lydian descendants] and PutPûwṭ [a son of Ham, in northern Africa, probably Libya] servedhâyâh■ as warriorsmilchâmâh [men of war, with strength and might] in your armychayil [military forces, with power and combat] They hungtâlâh■ [to hang, display, or suspend] their shieldsmâgên [a protective barrier] and helmetskôwbaʻ [a protective head covering, for battle] ◂theyhêm gavenâthan■ [to give, bestow, or grant] you splendorhâdâr [glory, beauty, or majesty, your excellence]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| פָּרַ֨ס | Persia | Noun proper |
| וְל֤וּד | and Lud | Conjunction, noun proper |
| וּפוּט֙ | and Put | Conjunction, noun proper |
| הָי֣וּ | they were | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| בְחֵילֵ֔ךְ | in army your | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| אַנְשֵׁ֖י | men of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| מִלְחַמְתֵּ֑ךְ | war your | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| מָגֵ֤ן | shield | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְכוֹבַע֙ | and helmet | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| תִּלּוּ־ | they hung up | Verb, Piel, perfect third person common plural |
| בָ֔ךְ | in you | Preposition, suffix |
| הֵ֖מָּה | they | Pronoun |
| נָתְנ֥וּ | they gave | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| הֲדָרֵֽךְ׃ | splendor your | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Men of Persia, Lydia, and Put served as warriors in your army. They hung their shields and helmets on your walls; they gave you splendor. |
| KJV | They of Persia and of Lud and of Phut were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness. |
| ASV | Persia and Lud and Put were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness. |
| YLT | Persian and Lud and Phut Have been in thy forces — thy men of war. Shield and helmet they hung up in thee, They — they have given out thine honour. |
| WEB | “‘“Persia, Lud, and Put were in your army, your men of war. They hung the shield and helmet in you. They showed your beauty. |
| BBE | Cush and Lud and Put were in your army, your men of war, hanging up their body-covers and head-dresses of war in you: they gave you your glory. |
Where they part company is הֵ֖מָּה — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has one main clause followed by two subordinate phrases that detail the actions and contributions of the warriors.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectהֵמָּה
verbהָיָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Ezekiel 27:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Glory of Tyregenerated
Ezekiel 27:10 describes the various nations that served Tyre as warriors, emphasizing their roles in enhancing the city's military might and splendor. This verse is part of a larger passage that illustrates the wealth and power of Tyre, which was a significant trading hub in the ancient world, as seen in the context of its maritime activities and alliances.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ezekiel 38:5 | Persia, Cush, and Put will accompany them, all with shields and helmets, |
| 2 | Daniel 5:28 | PERES means that your kingdom has been divided and given over to the Medes and Persians.” |
| 3 | Ezekiel 30:5 | Cush, Put, and Lud, and all the various peoples, as well as Libya and the men of the covenant land, will fall with Egypt by the sword. |
| 4 | Genesis 10:6–13 | The sons of Ham: Cush, Mizraim, Put, and Canaan. |
| 5 | 1 Chronicles 1:8–11 | The sons of Ham: Cush, Mizraim, Put, and Canaan. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 10 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — פָּרַס, pa.Rasgenerated
The term פָּרַס (pa.Ras) refers to Persia, an ancient empire known for its vast territory from India to Egypt. This word highlights the significance of Persia in the context of Tyre's military alliances, indicating the strength and influence that Persia brought to the coalition of nations.
As a proper noun, it signifies not just the geographical region but also the people, the Persians, who were known for their might and splendor. The parsing as a noun proper indicates its role as a key player in the military context presented in this verse.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb הָי֣וּ, they were, governs the sentence, linking the subject אַנְשֵׁ֖י (men of) to the predicate describing their role in Tyre's army. The structure emphasizes the collective identity of the warriors from various nations.
The sentence includes several noun phrases that detail the nations and their contributions, showing the complexity of Tyre's military alliances and the grandeur they provided.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates פָּרַס as πέρσαι, indicating a direct correspondence to the Persian people, maintaining the original meaning while adapting it to Greek.
This choice reflects the translators' intent to convey the same sense of power and identity associated with Persia, which was significant in the context of Tyre's military strength.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Ezekiel 27:10 describes how men from Persia, Lydia, and Put served as warriors in Tyre's army. They hung their shields and helmets on the city's walls, contributing to its splendor and military might.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that Persia, Lydia, and Put provided military support to Tyre, enhancing its strength and power in conflicts.
Shields and helmets symbolize protection and readiness for battle, emphasizing the military preparedness of Tyre's forces.
Splendor refers to the glory and beauty that these nations contributed to Tyre, highlighting its status as a powerful and majestic city.
These nations were part of a coalition that reinforced Tyre's military capabilities, showcasing its influence and reach in the ancient world.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about the importance of alliances from Tyre's relationships with these nations?
- How does the imagery of shields and helmets enhance our understanding of military strength?
- In what ways does the concept of splendor apply to our lives today?
- How can we recognize and appreciate the contributions of others in our own communities?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Jerome comments on this verse, noting the significance of the warriors from Persia, Lydia, and Put in enhancing Tyre's military might and splendor.
The Persians, Lydians (commonly known as Lydia), and Libyans were in your army, your mighty warriors. They hung their shields and helmets on you for your adornment (or they themselves hung up their shields and helmets,Early Church Fathers on Ezekiel 27 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 27:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThey of Persia, and of Lud, and of Phut, were in thine army, thy men of war,.... As the Tryrians were a trading people, they hired foreign troops into their service, to fill their garrisons, defend
Read John Gill on Ezekiel 27 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThey of Persia and of Lud and of Phut were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness. They of Persia and of Lud and of Phut - warriors from the extreme east and west.
Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 27 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThey of Persia; Persians, excellent archers. Of Lud; Lydians; not those Croesus was king over, but those that dwelt in Egypt about the lake Marcotis, or higher towards Ethiopia, if they were not of that country, Ethiopians themselves. Of Phut; Libyans, a people of Africa; these were the hired soldiers, and ever served in their army under Tyrian commanders. Men of war; stationary soldiers in time of peace, and who were sent out by sea or land as occasion required in a time of war. They hanged the shield, in time of peace; or might they not, so often as they came off the guard, bring each man his armour, and hang it up in the public armoury? The shield, which defended the body, and helmet…
Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 27 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsEzekiel 27:10 They of Persia and of Lud and of Phut were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness.Ver. 10. They set forth thy comeliness.] They were to thee both for muniment and for ornament.
Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 27 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(10) Of Persia and of Lud and of Phut.—Tyre, like most commercial nations, depended chiefly on mercenaries for the rank and file of its army. Persia, more anciently called Elam, was just now rising into prominence. Its soldiers were probably obtained by the Tyrians from their commerce in the Persian Gulf. Lud is not the one mentioned among the children of Shem (Genesis 10:22), but the Ludim (Lydians) of Hamite family, descended from Mizraim (Genesis 10:13). Phut was also an African tribe (Genesis 10:6). Both are repeatedly mentioned on the Egyptian monuments as furnishing mercenaries to the army.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 27 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 10. They of Persia] Lud, the Lydians; Phut, a people of Africa, see Genesis 10:6. From these places they had auxiliary troops; for as they traded with the then known world, were rich, and could afford to give good pay, they no doubt had soldiers and sailors from every part. Skilful and desperate men will go any where after their price.
Read AdamClarke on Ezekiel 27 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10. Her men of war. Her mercenaries were drawn from all quarters of the world. The people called here “they of Persia” appears along with Cush and Phut, African peoples, in the army of Gog, ch. Ezekiel 38:5, in which, however, northern nations as Gomer and Togarmah are also mustered. The host of Gog includes the nations lying on the outskirts of the known world, and Persia might be named among them, though the first certain mention of that country is in Ezra 4:5; Ezra 9:9, &c. Others have thought here of some African people. Lud is named, ch. Ezekiel 30:5, along with Cush and Phut, as allies of Egypt (Jeremiah 46:9); and in Genesis 10:13 Ludim is the firstborn of Mizraim (Egypt). In Isaiah…
Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 27 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe prophet here leaves the allegory of the ship to describe the armies of the Tyrians composed of mercenary soldiers.
Read Albert Barnes on Ezekiel 27 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Men of Persia, Lydia, and Put served as warriors in your army. They hung their shields and helmets on your walls; they gave you splendor.
“‘“Persia, Lud, and Put were in your army, your men of war. They hung the shield and helmet in you. They showed your beauty.
Men of Persia, Lydia, and Put served as warriors in your army. They hung their shields and helmets on your walls; they gave you splendor.
Men of Persia, Lud, and Put were in your army, men of war. They hung shield and helmet on you; they gave you your splendor.
Tyndale line
They of Persia and of Lud and of Phut were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness.
Persia and Lud and Put were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness.
Persia and Lud and Put were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness.
They of Persia and of Lud and of Phut were in thy army, thy military men: they hung the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness.
They of Persia, and of Lud and of Phut were in thine armie: thy men of warre they hanged the shielde and helmet in thee: they set foorth thy beautie.
Strictly literal
Persia and Lud and Phut were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged shield and helmet in thee; they gave splendour to thee.
Persian and Lud and Phut Have been in thy forces — thy men of war. Shield and helmet they hung up in thee, They — they have given out thine honour.
Persia and Lud and Phut || Have been in your forces—your men of war. They hung up shield and helmet in you, || They have given out your honor.
They of Persia and of Lud and of Put were in thy army, thy men of war: the shield and the helmet did they hang up in thee; these gave thee thy elegance.
Persia, Lydia, and Libya were in your army, your men of war. they hung shield and helmet within you; they showed your splendor.
From the Latin
The Persians, and Lydians, and the Libyans were thy soldiers in thy army: they hung up the buckler and the helmet in thee for thy ornament.
Simplified
Men from Persia, Lydia, and Put were soldiers in your army. They lived among you, hanging up their shields and helmets with you, making you famous.
Cush and Lud and Put were in your army, your men of war, hanging up their body-covers and head-dresses of war in you: they gave you your glory.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with all 14 words matched in the Hebrew and Greek texts. This consistency highlights the shared understanding of Tyre's military alliances across these traditions.
פָּרַ֨ס וְל֤וּד וּפוּט֙ הָי֣וּ בְחֵילֵ֔ךְ אַנְשֵׁ֖י מִלְחַמְתֵּ֑ךְ מָגֵ֤ן וְכוֹבַע֙ תִּלּוּ־ בָ֔ךְ הֵ֖מָּה נָתְנ֥וּ הֲדָרֵֽךְ׃
14 of the 14 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 27:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
פָּרַס (Parac) refers to Persia, an ancient empire known for its vast territory stretching from India to Egypt and Thrace. The term is derived from a foreign origin and signifies the inhabitants of this region, the Persians. The name is associated with meanings like 'pure' or 'splendid'.
פָּרַס 28 n.pr.terr. Persia
base
H6539 פָּרַס
6539 Parac paw-ras'
of foreign origin; Paras (i.e. Persia), an Eastern country,
including its inhabitants:--Persia, Persians.
פָּרַס (pa.ras) — Persia.
§ Persia = "pure" or "splendid"
the empire Persia; encompassed the territory from India on the east to Egypt and Thrace on the west, and included, besides portions of Europe and Africa, the whole of western Asia between the Black Sea, the Caucasus, the Caspian and the Jaxartes on the north, the Arabian desert, the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean on the south
Persia proper was bounded on the west by Susiana or Elam, on the north by Media, on the south by the Persian Gulf and on the east by Carmania
Persian, of Persia "pure" or "splendid"
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
pur'-sha, (parats; Persia; in Assyrian Parsu, Parsua; in Achemenian Persian Parsa, modern Fars): In the Bible (2Ch 36:20,22,23; Ezr 1:1,8; Es 1:3,14,18; 10:2; Eze 27:10; 38:5; Da 8:20; 10:1; 11:2) this name denotes properly the modern province of Fars, not the whole Persian empire. The latter was by its people called Airyaria, the present Iran (from the Sanskrit word arya, "noble"); and even now the Persians never call their country anything but Iran, never "Persia." The province of Persis lay to the East of Elam (Susiana), and stretched from the Persian Gulf to the Great Salt Desert, having Carmania on the Southeast. Its…
Persia
An ancient empire, extending from the Indus to Thrace, and from the Caspian Sea to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. The Persians were originally a Medic tribe which settled in Persia, on the eastern side of the Persian Gulf. They were Aryans, their language belonging to the eastern division of the Indo-European group. One of their chiefs, Teispes, conquered Elam in the time of the decay of the Assyrian Empire, and established himself in the district of Anzan. His descendants branched off into two lines, one line ruling in Anzan, while the other remained in Persia. Cyrus II., king of Anzan, finally united the divided power, conquered Media, Lydia, and Babylonia, and carried his arms into the far East. His son, Cambyses, added Egypt to the empire, which, however, fell to pieces after his death. It was reconquered and thoroughly organized by Darius, the son of Hystaspes, whose…
(pure, splended), Per’sians. Persia proper was a tract of no very large dimensions on the Persian Gulf, which is still known as Fars or Farsistan , a corruption of the ancient appellation. This tract was bounded on the west by Susiana or Elam, on the north by Media on the south by the Persian Gulf and on the east by Carmania. But the name is more commonly applied, both in Scripture and by profane authors to the entire tract which came by degrees to be included within the limits of the Persian empire. This empire extended at one time from India on the east to Egypt and Thrace on the west, and included. besides portions of Europe and Africa, the whole of western Asia between the Black Sea, the Caucasus, the Caspian and the Jaxartes on the north, the Arabian desert the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean on the south. The only passage in Scripture where Persia designates the tract which has…
In Hebrew Paras, Eze 27:10, a vast region in Asia, the southwestern province of which lying between ancient media on the north and the Persian Gulf on the south, appears to have been the ancient Persia, and is still called Pharsistan, or Fars. The Persians, who became so famous after Cyrus, the founder of their more extended monarchy, were anciently called Elamites; and later, in the time of the Roman emperors, Parthians. See PARTHIA.
The early history of the Persians, like that of most of the oriental nations, is involved in doubt and perplexity. Their descent is traced to Shem, through his son Elam, after whom they were originally named. It is probable that they enjoyed their independence for several ages, with a monarchical succession of their own; until they were subdued by the Assyrians and their country attached as a province…
לוּד (lud) refers to Lud, a name associated with a people in northeastern Africa and also linked to Lydia. It is mentioned in the context of the genealogies in Genesis, where Lud is identified as a son of Shem and a progenitor of the Lydians. The name may signify 'strife'.
לוּד, לוּדִים n.pr.m. et gent.
Lud, Lydia
appar. a people in NE. Africa
base
H3865 לוּד, לוּדִים . Lud, Lydia
. appar. a people in NE. Africa
3865 Luwd lood
probably of foreign derivation; Lud, the name of two
nations:--Lud, Lydia.
לוּד (lud) — Lud.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.22;
son of: Shem (H8035);
brother of: Asshur (H0804H), Elam (H5867C), Arpachshad (H0775) and Aram (H0758)
Also named: lu.di (לוּדִי "Lydian" H3866H)
§ Lud or Lydia = "strife"
1) the 4th listed son of Shem and supposed progenitor of the Lydians
n patr
2) descendants of Lud the son of Shem who settled in northern Africa
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
Lud
(1.) The fourth son of Shem (Gen. 10:22; 1 Chr. 1:17), ancestor of the Lydians probably.
(2.) One of the Hamitic tribes descended from Mizraim (Gen. 10:13), a people of Africa (Ezek. 27:10; 30:5), on the west of Egypt. The people called Lud were noted archers (Isa. 66:19; comp. Jer. 46:9).
(strife) the fourth name in the list of the children of Shem, (Genesis 10:22) comp. 1Chr 1:17 Supposed to have been the ancestor of the Lydians.
A son of Shem, Ge 10:22, and ancestor, it is thought, of the Lydians in Asia Minor.
Ludim, same as Lod
פּוּט (Puwt) likely refers to the Libyans or a Libyan tribe, originating from Put, a son of Ham. This term encompasses both the descendants of Put and their region in northern Africa. It is first mentioned in Genesis 10:6. Some sources suggest that 'Put' may also mean 'a bow'.
פּוּט n.pr.gent. prob. Libyans, or Lib. tribe; usu. named with African peoples
base
H6316 פּוּט prob. Libyans, or Lib. tribe; usu. named with African peoples
6316 Puwt poot
of foreign origin; Put, a son of Ham, also the name of his
descendants or their region, and of a Persian tribe:--Phut,
Put.
פּוּט (put) — Put.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.6;
son of: Ham (H2526);
brother of: Canaan (H3667), Cush (H3568) and Egypt (H4714)
§ Phut or Put = "a bow"
a nation and people of northern Africa; probably Libyans
פּוּט (put) — Put.
Phut or Put = "a bow"
a nation and people of northern Africa; probably Libyans
Also named: pul (פּוּל "Pul" H6322H)
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
put (puT; Phoud, in Genesis and Chronicles, variant for Genesis Phout, for Chronicles, Phouth):
1. Renderings:
In consequence of the identification at the time, the prophets have "Libya" (Libues), except Nab 3:9, where the Greek renders the word as phuge, "flight." The Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) has "Phut," "Phuth," and in the Prophets "Libyes" and "Libya"; the King James Version "Phut."
2. Son of Ham:
In the "Table of Nations" Put is the third son of Ham (Ge 10:6), the first and second being Cush and Misraim, and the fourth Canaan. Put is the only one of the sons of Ham who is not credited with descendants.
3. As Nationality:
In the Prophets, warriors from Put are referred to, principally in connection with the forces of Egypt. They appear as shield-bearers (Jer 46:9…
(1 Chronicles 1:8; Nahum 3:9) [PHUT, PUT]
→ See PHUT
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
The Hebrew word חַ֫יִל (*chayil*) encompasses meanings related to strength, efficiency, wealth, and army. It is derived from a root meaning force and can refer to physical might, moral virtue, or resources. The entries consistently highlight its application to soldiers and military forces, with no significant disagreement noted among the lexicons.
חַ֫יִל 244 n.m. strength, efficiency, wealth, army
strength, usu. physical
ability, efficiency, often involving moral worth
wealth
force, army
base
H2428 חַ֫יִל strength, efficiency, wealth, army
2428 chayil khah'-yil
from 2342; probably a force, whether of men, means or other
resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength:--able,
activity, (+) army, band of men (soldiers), company, (great)
forces, goods, host, might, power, riches, strength, strong,
substance, train, (+)valiant(-ly), valour, virtuous(-ly), war,
worthy(-ily).
see HEBREW for 02342
חַ֫יִל (cha.yil) — strength: soldiers.
: soldiers/army
1) strength, might, efficiency, wealth, army
1a) strength
1b) ability, efficiency
1c) wealth
1d) force, army
חֵילֵךְ (che.lek) — Helech.
§ Helech = "your army"
a place near Arvad and Gammad
חַ֫יִל (cha.yil) — strength.
: strong
1) strength, might, efficiency, wealth, army
1a) strength
1b) ability, efficiency
1c) wealth
1d) force, army, soldiers/army
חַ֫יִל (cha.yil) — strength: rich.
: rich/wealth
1) strength, might, efficiency, wealth, army
1a) strength
1b) ability, efficiency
1c) wealth
1d) force, army
חַ֫יִל (cha.yil) — strength: worthy.
: worthy
1) strength, might, efficiency, wealth, army
1a) strength
1b) ability, efficiency
1c) wealth
1d) force, army
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncmsc/Sp2fs
אֱנוֹשׁ (enowsh) refers to man or mankind, often used in a poetic context. It denotes a mortal individual, distinguishing humans from more dignified terms for man. The word encompasses both singular and collective meanings, indicating people or persons in general. Its Aramaic equivalent is אֱנָשׁ (e.nash), also meaning 'man'.
אֱנוֹשׁ n.m. man, mankind, mostly poet.
of individ.
coll. men
man, mankind
base
H582 אֱנוֹשׁ man, mankind, mostly poet.
582 'enowsh en-oshe'
from 605; properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the
more dignified 120); hence, a man in general (singly or
collectively):--another, X (blood-)thirsty, certain,
chap(-man); divers, fellow, X in the flower of their age,
husband, (certain, mortal) man, people, person, servant, some
( X of them), + stranger, those, + their trade. It is often
unexpressed in the English versions, especially when used in
apposition with another word . Compare 376.
see HEBREW for 0605
see HEBREW for 0120
see HEBREW for 0376
אֱנוֹשׁ (e.nosh) — human.
1) man, mortal man, person, mankind
1a) of an individual
1b) men (collective)
1c) man, mankind
Aramaic equivalent: e.nash (אֱנָשׁ "man" H0606)
HNcmpc — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מִלְחָמָה (milchamah) means 'battle' or 'war.' It is derived from the root word for fighting and encompasses both specific engagements and the broader concept of warfare. The entries consistently define it in this way, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
מִלְחָמָה 319 n.f. battle, war
base
H4421 מִלְחָמָה battle, war
4421 milchamah mil-khaw-maw'
from 3898 (in the sense of fighting); a battle (i.e. the
engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare):--battle,
fight(-ing), war((-rior)).
see HEBREW for 03898
מִלְחָמָה (mil.cha.mah) — battle.
battle, war
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp2fs
מָגֵן (magen) means 'shield' and can refer to both a small shield or buckler and a figurative protector. It can also denote the scaly hide of a crocodile. The word is feminine in plural form, מִגִּנָּה (mginnah), and is derived from a root meaning to cover or protect.
מָגֵן n.m. & f. shield
base
H4043 מָגֵן shield
4043 magen maw-gane'
also (in plural) feminine mginnah {meg-in-naw'}; from 1598; a
shield (i.e. the small one or buckler); figuratively, a
protector; also the scaly hide of the crocodile:--X armed,
buckler, defence, ruler, + scale, shield.
see HEBREW for 01598
מָגֵן (ma.gen) — shield.
shield, buckler
N-cs — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
sheld.
See ARMOR, IV, 1.
Shield
Used in defensive warfare, varying at different times and under different circumstances in size, form, and material (1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam. 1:21; 1 Kings 10:17; 1 Chr. 12:8, 24, 34; Isa. 22:6; Ezek. 39:9; Nahum 2:3).
Used figuratively of God and of earthly princes as the defenders of their people (Gen. 15:1; Deut. 33:29; Ps. 33:20; 84:11). Faith is…
The ordinary shield consisted of a framework of wood covered with leather; it thus admitted of being burnt. (Ezekiel 39:9) It was frequently cased with metal, either brass or copper; its appearance in this case resembled gold when the sun shone on it, 1 Macc. 6:39 and to this, rather than to the practice of smearing blood on the shield we may refer the redness noticed by. Nahum. (Nahum 2:3) The surface of the shield was kept bright by the application of oil as implied in (Isaiah 21:5) The shield was worn on the left arm, to which it was attached by a strap. Shields of state were covered with beaten gold. Shields were suspended about public buildings for ornamental purposes. (1 Kings 10:17) In the metaphorical language of the…
כּוֹבַע (kowba`) means 'helmet' and is derived from a root that suggests something high or rounded. The term appears in contexts related to protection, specifically in the form of a helmet. The entries consistently define it as a helmet without significant disagreement.
כּוֹבַע n.m. helmet (√ dub.)
base
H3553 כּוֹבַע helmet (√ dub.)
3553 kowba` ko'-bah
from an unused root meaning to be high or rounded; a helmet
(as arched):--helmet. Compare 6959.
see HEBREW for 06959
כּוֹבַע (ko.va) — helmet.
helmet
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
hel'-met.
See ARMS, ARMOR.
Helmet
(Heb. kob’a), a cap for the defence of the head (1 Sam. 17:5, 38). In the New Testament the Greek equivalent is used (Eph. 6:17; 1 Thess. 5:8). (See ARMS.)
[ARMS, ARMOR]
תָּלָה (talah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to hang. It encompasses various usages, including hanging objects, putting someone to death by hanging, and displaying items. The entries indicate its forms in different stems, such as Qal (to hang), Niphal (to be hanged), and Piel (to hang up for display).
תָּלָה vb. hang
Qal hang
Niph. princes have been hung up by their hands
Pi. hang up for display
base
H8518 תָּלָה hang
8518 talah taw-law'
a primitive root; to suspend (especially to gibbet):--hang
(up).
תָּלָה (ta.lah) — to hang.
1) to hang
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to hang
1a1a) to hang up (any object)
1a1b) to put to death by hanging
1b) (Niphal) to be hanged
1c) (Piel) to hang, hang up (for display)
V-Piel-Perf-3cp — Verb · Piel · perfect third person common pluralHVpp3cp
ךְ (kh) — you.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person feminine singular
HR/Sp2fs — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp2fs
הֵ֫מָּה (hemmah) is a masculine plural pronoun meaning 'they.' The entries indicate that it can also mean 'these,' 'the same,' or refer to people in an emphatic context. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its usage.
הֵ֫מָּה and הֵם (without appreciable distinction in usage, except prob. in so far as the longer or shorter form was better adapted to the rhythm of particular sentences) pron. 3 pl. masc. they
base
H1992 הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם (without appreciable distinction in usage, except prob. in so far as the longer or shorter form was better adapted to the rhythm of particular sentences) they
1992 hem haym
or (prolonged) hemmah {haym'-maw}; masculine plural from
1981; they (only used when emphatic):--it, like, X (how, so)
many (soever, more as) they (be), (the) same, X so, X such,
their, them, these, they, those, which, who, whom, withal, ye.
see HEBREW for 01981
הֵ֫מָּה (hem.mah) — they(masc.).
they, these, the same, who
Pron — PronounHPp3mp
The Hebrew word נָתַן (natan) means 'to give' and encompasses a wide range of applications such as putting, setting, and making. It can also indicate actions like bestowing, delivering, and assigning. The entries describe its use in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hophal, but do not present any significant disagreements among lexicons.
נָתַן 2007 vb. give, put, set
Qal 1917
give
Put, set
Make, constitute
Niph.
82be given
Be put, set
Hoph.
be given, bestowed
= be given to one for wife
be put upon
base
H5414 נָתַן give, put, set .. give
. Put, set
. Make, constitute
. . be given
. Be put, set
. . . be given, bestowed
. = be given to one for wife
. be put upon
5414 nathan naw-than'
a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of
application (put, make, etc.):--add, apply, appoint, ascribe,
assign, X avenge, X be ((healed)), bestow, bring (forth,
hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, +
cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, X doubtless, X
without fail, fasten, frame, X get, give (forth, over, up),
grant, hang (up), X have, X indeed, lay (unto charge, up),
(give) leave, lend, let (out), + lie, lift up, make, + O that,
occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, X
pull , put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send
(out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), + sing, + slander,
strike, (sub-)mit, suffer, X surely, X take, thrust, trade,
turn, utter, + weep, + willingly, + withdraw, + would (to)
God, yield.
נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: give.
: give/deliver/send/produce
1) to give, put, set
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to give, bestow, grant, permit, ascribe, employ, devote, consecrate, dedicate, pay wages, sell, exchange, lend, commit, entrust, give over, deliver up, yield produce, occasion, produce, requite to, report, mention, utter, stretch out, extend
1a2) to put, set, put on, put upon, set, appoint, assign, designate
1a3) to make, constitute
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be given, be bestowed, be provided, be entrusted to, be granted to, be permitted, be issued, be published, be uttered, be assigned
1b2) to be set, be put, be made, be inflicted
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be given, be bestowed, be given up, be delivered up
1c2) to be put upon
נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: put.
: put/set/apppoint
1) to give, put, set
1a) (Qal)
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
הָדָר (hadar) refers to concepts of ornament, splendour, and honour, primarily in a poetic context. It is derived from a root meaning magnificence and encompasses beauty, glory, and majesty. The term captures a range of meanings related to excellence and goodliness.
הָדָר n.m. ornament, splendour, honour (chiefly poet.)
base
H1926 הָדָר ornament, splendour, honour (chiefly poet.)
1926 hadar haw-dawr'
from 1921; magnificence, i.e. ornament or splendor:--beauty,
comeliness, excellency, glorious, glory, goodly, honour,
majesty.
see HEBREW for 01921
הָדָר (ha.dar) — glory.
1) ornament, splendour, honour
1a) ornament
1b) splendour, majesty
1c) honour, glory
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp2fs