Philippians 4

Hendriksen

‹ Chapter 3 Philippians — All Chapters Chapter 5 ›

-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 7 StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size -9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 jBiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 16 2 8 0 0 CHAPTER IV) Summary of Chapter 4) Verses 1 9) Paul, the Tactful Pastor) in general, exhorting the brothers at Philippi to remain firm; and in particular, entreating Euodia and Syntyche to be of the same mind, and Syzygus to help these gospel-women;) urging the Philippians to rejoice in the Lord, to be big-hearted to all, and instead of worrying to bring everything to God in prayer that brings peace; finally, admonishing the addressees to meditate only on praiseworthy things, practising these in imitation of Paul and with promise of rich reward.) 4:1 3 Exhortations: to all, Remain firm; to two women, Live in harmony; to Syzygus, Help these women.) 4:4 7 The secret of true blessedness: Rejoice, Be big-hearted, Instead of worrying pray.) 4:8, 9 Summary of Christian Duty: proper meditation, proper action.) ) 4:1 3) I. Various Exhortations: General and Specific) 4 1 So then, my brothers, beloved and longed for, my joy and crown, so stand fast in the Lord, beloved.) 2 I entreat Eudia and I entreat Syntyche to be of the same mind in the Lord. 3 Yes, I request you also, Syzygus (Yoke-fellow), in deed as well as in name,��169�� lend these women a hand, for they strove side by side with me in the gospel, along with Clement and the rest of my fellow-workers, whose names (are) in the book of life.) ) 1. Here we are face to face with Paul, the tactful pastor. The opening words of the chapter, So then, clearly indicate that there is the closest connection with what precedes. That connection may be stated as follows: Because the believers homeland is in heaven and not on earth, and because a glorious inheritance awaits them at Christ s Return, when even their bodies will be made to resemble Christ s body both outwardly and inwardly, let nothing sway them from their firm foundation. Let them always remain steadfast and sure, so that these glories may be theirs indeed.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Very touching is the manner in which the tactful pastor addresses his charges. Note: my brothers just as in 3:1 , beloved, with a love that is deep-seated, self-sacrificing, thorough, intelligent, and purposeful, a love in which the entire personality takes part,��170�� and longed for, with the deeply-felt affection of Christ Jesus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.3-50.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ), my joy and crown. The Philippians are the joy of the apostle s heart because the fruits of the Holy Spirit are clearly evident in their lives. Hence, he praises them again and again, and thanks God for them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.3-50.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:3 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.29|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.29|AUTODETECT|” 29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.30|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.30|AUTODETECT|” 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.12|AUTODETECT|” 2:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.10|AUTODETECT|” 4:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.14-50.4.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.14-50.4.20|AUTODETECT|” 14 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.16|AUTODETECT|” ). For the same reason they are also his crown, his adorning-wreath or festive garland. This is true, in a sense, even now but will become even more clearly evident at the coming of the Lord, when it will become manifest to all that these are the fruits of Paul s missionary labors, showing that he did not run in vain or labor in vain 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.16|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.19|AUTODETECT|” ). The passage should be compared with similar language in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.19|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.6|AUTODETECT|” . It is evident from these words that this was, indeed, a fine congregation, and that the heart of the prisoner went out to them. He pours out his affection upon them, without any attempt to hold back. His exhortation to them all is: So stand fast in the Lord, beloved. In view of their high calling, the blessings they have already received, and the inheritance that awaits them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.20|AUTODETECT|” 3:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), let them remain ever firm and steadfast, over against hostile pagans, merely nominal Christians such as legalists and libertines, and the promptings of their own sinful hearts. Let them do so by the continued exercise of their faith in the Lord Jesus Christ.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.27|AUTODETECT|” 2. After such an endearing introduction addressed to each and to all, the needed admonition intended for two individuals cannot seem harsh: I entreat Euodia the name means prosperous journey and I entreat Syntyche meaning fortunate��171�� to be of the same mind in the Lord. Here once again as so often before 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.27|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.28|AUTODETECT|” 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.2-50.2.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.2-50.2.4|AUTODETECT|” 2:2 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.14-50.2.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.14-50.2.16|AUTODETECT|” 2:14 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.1|AUTODETECT|” 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) the apostle stresses the idea of militant unity in a world of unbelief and hostility. This time, however, the admonition is given a particular application.) 1 6 2 8 0 0 With respect to Euodia and Syntyche the following facts only can be safely affirmed:) (1) They were, at this writing, and had been for some time, members of the church at Philippi.) (2) When the church was founded and/or at a later visit of Paul to Philippi, they had been the apostle s fellow-workers, and as such had co-operated harmoniously and enthusiastically with each other and with Paul and his companions (verse 3).) (3) An important disagreement, related to kingdom-work, had arisen between them, which called forth this apostolic admonition.) (4) They are still the object of Paul s high regard and deep-rooted, Christian love. They are Christians!) Views which are highly speculative and fanciful are the following:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.14|AUTODETECT|” (1) One of them was Lydia 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.14|AUTODETECT|” Acts 16:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 3 2 8 0 0 (2) The two names represent the Jewish and the Gentile section of the church at Philippi (F. C. Baur and the T�bingen School).) (3) The two are the Philippian jailer and his wife. Objection: these women, verse 3.) Paul tenderly pleads with as it were, calls to his side each of these women, begging each to return to a harmonious disposition so as to work together as a team. Note the tactful repetition of the verb. The apostle does not say I entreat Euodia and Syntyche, but, as if to emphasize his tender solicitude and high regard for each, he says, I entreat Euodia and I entreat Syntyche.

A wonderful hint for pastors here! Let Euodia and let Syntyche reflect on the fact that their Lord has been and still is very gracious to them, and that their present open disharmony does not further his cause. The result of this pious reflection will be that in the Lord praying together and leaning hard on him they will again become of the same mind.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=57.1.11|AUTODETECT|”
3. Paul now enlists the aid of another member of the church at Philippi, namely, Syzygus, in order that he may help these women to compose their difference: Yes, I request you also, Syzygus (Yoke-fellow) in deed as well as in name, lend these women a hand. Literally, the original has here, Yes, I request you also, genuine Syzygus. In all probability, however, the apostle is making use here of a play on a name, for Syzygus means Yoke-fellow, a person who pulls well in a harness for two, and Paul is saying that Syzygus was true to his name. A similar pun occurs in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=57.1.11|AUTODETECT|”
Philem. 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0: Onesimus (Useful) who once was useless to you but now is useful to you and to me . It is safe to infer that Syzygus, about whom we have no further information, was one of Paul s comrades or associates in the work of the gospel. When this letter was written he was a prominent member of the church at Philippi, a man of influence who was highly esteemed by his people. Like the apostle himself, he must have been a man of extraordinary tact. Otherwise Paul would not have requested him to lend a hand in restoring harmony between two women.��172��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.27|AUTODETECT|” Speaking of these women Paul continues, For they��173�� strove side by side with me in the gospel. These women deserve to be assisted. They were, after all, noble women. Well does the apostle remember the time when they contended at his side 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.27|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.10.32|AUTODETECT|” ) against a common foe and in the gospel-cause. Eagerly they had worked together, and this not only with Paul but also, says the apostle, along with Clement, not otherwise known,��174�� and the rest of my fellow-workers, whose names (are) in the book of life. Why are not these other fellow-workers mentioned by name? Were there too many to mention? Is the apostle unable at this moment to recall all their names? Or is he implying that some had already died and their names had been forgotten?

At any rate their names were known to God! They are in the book of life. When earthly citizens die, their names are erased from the records; the names of the spiritual conquerors will never be blotted out; their glorious life will endure. Christ himself will publicly acknowledge them as his very own! He will do this before the Father and before his angels. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.32|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.8|AUTODETECT|” Luke 12:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.32.32|AUTODETECT|” . ��175�� With respect to this book of life see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.32.32|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 32:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.69.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.69.28|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 69:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.12.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.12.1|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 12:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.16|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.20|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.5|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 3:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.13.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.13.8|AUTODETECT|” 13:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.17.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.17.8|AUTODETECT|” 17:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.12|AUTODETECT|” 20:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.21.27|AUTODETECT|” 21:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.19|AUTODETECT|” 22:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 8 2 8 0 0 ) 4:4 7) II. The Secret of True Blessedness) 4 Rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, Rejoice. 5 Let your big-heartedness be known to everybody. The Lord (is) at hand. 6 In nothing be anxious, but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your petitions be made known before God.7 And the peace of God that surpasses all understanding will keep guard over your hearts and your thoughts in Christ Jesus.) ) 4:4 6) A. What to Do to Obtain It) (1) Let joy reign within) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.6|AUTODETECT|” 4. Once again, as so often before, the apostle stresses the duty of rejoicing. He says, Rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, Rejoice. The exhortation is repeated, probably because on the surface it seems so unreasonable to rejoice in obedience to a command, and perhaps even more unreasonable to rejoice always, under all circumstances no matter how trying. Can one truly rejoice when the memory of past sins vexes the soul, when dear ones are suffering, when one is being persecuted, facing possible death? But there is Paul, who does, indeed, remember his past sins 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.6|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.13|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.9|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.29|AUTODETECT|” ), whose friends are really suffering 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.29|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.30|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.30|AUTODETECT|” 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.22|AUTODETECT|” ), who is even now a prisoner facing possible death; yet, who rejoices and tells others to do likewise! It is evident from this that circumstances alone do not determine the condition of heart and mind. A Christian can be joyful within when without all is dark and dreary. He rejoices in the Lord, that is, because of his oneness with Christ, the fruit of whose Spirit is joy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.22|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.28|AUTODETECT|” ). This is reasonable, for in and through Christ all things also those that seem most unfavorable work together for good 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.28|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.28|AUTODETECT|” It was not unreasonable for Paul to exhort the Philippians to rejoice, for the disposition of joy can be and should be cultivated. This can be done, as the apostle indicates in the context (see verse 8), by meditating on the proper subjects, that is, by taking account of the things that should stand out in our consciousness. For Paul such reasons for joy, the joy unspeakable and full of glory, were the following: that he was a saved individual whose purpose was in his entire person to magnify Christ (1:19, 20); that this Savior, in whose cross, crown, and coming again he glories (2:5 11; 3:20, 21; 4:5), was able and willing to supply his every need (4:11 13, 19, 20); that others, too, were being saved (1:6; 2:17, 18), the apostle himself being used by God for this glorious purpose; that he had many friends and helpers in the gospel-cause, who together formed a glorious fellowship in the Lord (1:5; 2:19 30; 4:1, 10); that God was causing all things, even bonds, to work together for good 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.28|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), so that even death is gain when life is Christ (1:21, 23); and that at all times he has freedom of access to the throne of grace (4:6). Let the Philippians meditate on these things and rejoice, yes rejoice always.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 5a. (2) Let big-heartedness be shown all around.) A Christian should cultivate an outgoing personality. The secret of his happiness is not confined within the walls of his own meditation and reflection. He cannot be truly happy without striving to be a blessing to others. Hence, Paul continues, Let your big-heartedness be known to everybody. For big-heartedness one may substitute any of the following: forbearance, yieldedness, geniality, kindliness, gentleness, sweet reasonableness, considerateness, charitableness, mildness, magnanimity, generosity. All of these qualities are combined in the adjective-noun that is used in the original.

Taken together they show the real meaning. When each of these would-be-English-equivalents is taken by itself alone, it becomes clear that there is not a single word in the English language that fully expresses the meaning of the original.��176��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.7|AUTODETECT|” The lesson which Paul teaches is that true blessedness cannot be obtained by the person who rigorously insists on whatever he regards as his just due. The Christian is the man who reasons that it is far better to suffer wrong than to inflict wrong 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.6.7|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 6:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Sweet reasonableness is an essential ingredient of true happiness. Now such big-heartedness, such forbearance, the patient willingness to yield wherever yielding is possible without violating any real principle, must be shown to all, not only to fellow-believers.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.20|AUTODETECT|” This Christian magnanimity probably stands in very close connection with the comfort which the Christian derives from the coming of the Lord, which coming has already been mentioned 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.20|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) and is about to be mentioned once more . The idea seems to be: since Christ s coming is near, when all the promises made to God s people will become realities, believers, in spite of being persecuted, can certainly afford to be mild and charitable in their relation to others.��177��) 1 1 2 8 0 0 5b, 6. (3) Let there be no worry but prayerful trusting in God above.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.145.18|AUTODETECT|” Joy within, big-heartedness all around, and now prayerful trusting in God above. Says Paul, The Lord (is) at hand. In view of the immediate context (3:20, 21) the meaning is probably not, The Lord is always nearby or present, 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.145.18|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 145:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.39.5|AUTODETECT|” ) but rather, The Lord is coming very soon. This, of course, is strictly true with respect to every believer. If the Lord arrives from heaven before the believer dies, then no one surely will be able to doubt that this coming was, indeed, at hand. But if the death of the believer occurs before the day of Christ s coming, then two facts remain true both for the believer s own consciousness and according to the clear teaching of Scripture: a. The believer s life-span here on earth was very, very brief. In fact, it amounted to a mere breath 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.39.5|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 39:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.90.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.90.10|AUTODETECT|” 90:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.15|AUTODETECT|” 103:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.103.16|AUTODETECT|” 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.6.11|AUTODETECT|” ); and b. the interval between the entrance of his soul into heaven and the Lord s second coming was but a little season 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.6.11|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 6:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.1-52.5.3|AUTODETECT|” ), for in heaven he was geared to a different kind of time-scale.��178�� Hence, take it either way, Paul had every right to say, The Lord (is) at hand. Whatever happens in history is a preparation for this coming, which, as has been shown, will in either case be soon. This does not mean that the apostle excludes the possibility that by earthly reckoning there could still be an interval of many years before the Lord s arrival. He is not setting any dates 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.1-52.5.3|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.1-53.2.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.1-53.2.3|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.36|AUTODETECT|” ). In view of the fact that no one knows the day and the hour when Jesus will return 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.36|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.1-40.25.13|AUTODETECT|” ), it behooves every one to be ready, working, watching at all times 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.1-40.25.13|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:1 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.1-43.14.4|AUTODETECT|” ). At the coming of the Lord all wrongs will be righted, and the believer will stand in the presence of his Lord, fully vindicated. Hence, let him not make too much of disappointments, or unduly trouble himself about the future. So Paul continues, In nothing be anxious or stop being anxious about anything. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.1-43.14.4|AUTODETECT|” John 14:1 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.6|AUTODETECT|” .) There is such a thing as kindly concern, that is, genuine interest in the welfare of others. The verb 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.6|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 4:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.25-40.6.28|AUTODETECT|” , and here rendered be anxious ) can elsewhere have a favorable meaning, as it does, in fact, in this very epistle (2:20): Timothy was genuinely interested in the welfare of the Philippians. Often, however, it indicates to be unduly concerned about, to be filled with anxiety, to worry. Such worry may be about food or drink or clothes or one s life-span or the future or words to be spoken in self-defense or even about many things 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.25-40.6.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 6:25 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.34|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.34|AUTODETECT|” 34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.19|AUTODETECT|” 10:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.41|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.41|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.11|AUTODETECT|” 12:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The cure for worry is prayer. Hence, the apostle continues, but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your petitions be made known before God.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The cure for worry is not inaction. If one wishes to plant a garden, build a house, make a sermon, or do anything else, he cannot attain his objective by prayer alone. There must be careful planning. There must be reflection leading to action. Paul is not forgetting this. In fact, the reflection is stressed in verse 8, the action in verse 9. On the other hand, however, it is also true that reflection and action without prayer would be futile. In fact so very important is prayer to the Christian that it is mentioned first of all (verse 6b).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.81.10|AUTODETECT|” Neither is the cure for worry apathy. God never tells us to suppress every desire. On the contrary, he says, Open your mouth wide, and I will fill it 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.81.10|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 81:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Proper desires should be cultivated, not killed.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 The proper antidote for anxiety is the outpouring of the heart to God. Here questions occur:) a. In connection with what situations or circumstances should this take place?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.7|AUTODETECT|” Answer: in everything. Note the sharp contrast: In nothing be anxious but in everything & let your petitions be made known before God. Because of the specific context here, the emphasis is, nevertheless, on all such circumstances which might otherwise cause one to worry: Cast all your anxiety upon him, because he cares for you 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.7|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 5:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The outpouring of the heart to God should, of course, not be restricted to this.) 1 10 2 8 0 0 Sweet hour of prayer, sweet hour of prayer.) That calls me from a world of care,) And bids me at My Father s throne.) Make all my wants and wishes known! ) (W. W. Walford)) b. In what frame of mind should this be done?) Answer: with reverence and true devotion. That is implied in the words, by prayer. Prayer is any form of reverent address directed to God.) c. What is the nature of this activity?) Answer: it amounts to supplication. Note: and supplication. By this is meant the humble cry for the fulfilment of needs that are keenly felt.��179��) d. What is the condition of acceptance?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Answer: that this be done with thanksgiving. This implies humility, submission to God s will, knowing that this will is always best. There must be grateful acknowledgement for: a. past favors, b. present blessings, and c. firmly-grounded assurances for the future. Paul begins nearly every one of his epistles with an outpouring of thanksgiving to God. Throughout his writings he again and again insists on the necessity of giving thanks 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.6|AUTODETECT|” 14:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.11|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.4.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.4.15|AUTODETECT|” 4:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.9.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.9.11|AUTODETECT|” 9:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.9.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.9.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.20|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.15|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; etc.). Prayer without thanksgiving is like a bird without wings: such a prayer cannot rise to heaven, can find no acceptance with God.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 e. What are the contents?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.15|AUTODETECT|” Answer: not vague generalities. The prayer, Lord, bless all that awaiteth thy blessing may be proper at times but can be overdone. It is easy to resort to it when one has nothing definite to ask. Paul says, Let your petitions be made known before God. There must be definite, specific requests 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.15|AUTODETECT|” I John 5:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.9-40.6.13|AUTODETECT|” ). That is also clear from the example given us in what is commonly called The Lord s Prayer 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.9-40.6.13|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 6:9 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Note also the preposition before, in before God. One enters into the very presence of God, realizing that nothing is too great for his power to accomplish nor too small for his love to be concerned about. Is he not our Father who in Christ loves us with an infinite love?) 1 2 2 8 0 0 4:7) B. The Result) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.27|AUTODETECT|” 7. Now if joy in the Lord reigns within the heart, if magnanimity is shown all around to everybody with whom one comes into contact, and if there be constant prayer to God above, the result will be peace. Paul begins the next sentence by saying, And the peace of God that surpasses all understanding. This sweet peace originates in God who himself possesses it in his own being. He is glad to impart it to his children. It is, therefore, the gift of God s love. He not only gives it; he also maintains it at every step. Hence, it has every right to be called the peace of God. It is founded on grace. It is merited for believers by Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.27|AUTODETECT|” John 14:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.33|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.33|AUTODETECT|” 16:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.19|AUTODETECT|” 20:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.26|AUTODETECT|” 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.2|AUTODETECT|” ). Paul speaks of this peace in every one of his letters, often at the opening and at the close, sometimes also in the body of the epistle. In Philippians Paul mentions it, as almost always, immediately after grace (in I and II Timothy mercy is interposed between grace and peace). See on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.2|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.32|AUTODETECT|” . Peace is the smile of God reflected in the soul of the believer. It is the heart s calm after Calvary s storm. It is the firm conviction that he who spared not his own Son will surely also, along with him, freely give us all things 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.32|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.26.3|AUTODETECT|” ). Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on thee, because he trusts in thee 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.26.3|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 26:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). In the present context it is the God-given reward resulting from joyful reflection on God s bounties, magnanimity toward the neighbor, and trustful prayer to God.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 This peace passes all understanding. With respect to this modifier an interpretation favored by many is this: God s gift of peace will do far more for us than will any clever planning or calculating on our part. In that sense peace surpasses our understanding. Objections, which I share with many, are the following:) (1) This interpretation takes the word understanding in a too limited sense.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.19|AUTODETECT|” (2) The parallel, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.19|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 3:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.18|AUTODETECT|” , is clear. In that passage the love of Christ is said to surpass knowledge in the sense that, try as they may, believers will never succeed in measuring it in all its breadth, length, height, and depth 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.18|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 3:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Surely, if the passage about Christ s love means that this love is unfathomable, why should not the passage about God s peace have the same meaning?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.14|AUTODETECT|” By nature man is as totally unable to comprehend this wonderful peace as is a blind man to appreciate a glorious sunset 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.14|AUTODETECT|” I. Cor. 2:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.4.23|AUTODETECT|” ). And even the believer will never be able fully to grasp the beauty of this Christ-centered gift that surpasses in value all other gifts of God to man. One reason why it is justly esteemed to be very, very precious is that it will keep guard over your hearts and your thoughts in Christ Jesus. The Philippians were used to the sight of Roman sentinels standing guard. Thus also, only far more so, God s peace will mount guard at the door of heart and thought. It will prevent carking care from corroding the heart, which is the mainspring of life 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.4.23|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 4:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.21|AUTODETECT|” ), the root of thinking 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.37|AUTODETECT|” ), willing 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.7.37|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 7:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ), and feeling 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; see on that passage). It will also prevent unworthy reasonings from entering thought-life. Thus, if any one should tell the believer that God does not exist and that everlasting life is a mere dream, he would get nowhere, for at that very moment the child of God would be experiencing within himself the realities which the infidel is trying to reason out of existence. The man of trust and prayer has entered that impregnable citadel from which no one can dislodge him; and the name of that fortress is Christ Jesus .) 1 11 2 8 0 0 ) 4:8, 9) III. Summary of Christian Duty) 8 For the rest, brothers, whatever things are true, whatever things (are) honorable, whatever things (are) just, whatever things (are) pure, whatever things (are) lovely, whatever things (are) of good report; if (there be) any virtue and if (there be) any praise, be thinking about these things. 9 The things which you not only learned and received but also heard and saw in me, these things put into constant practice; and the God of peace will be with you.) ) A. Proper Meditation) 8. For the rest see on 3:1 brothers see on 1:12 whatever things are true. Many are of the opinion that the apostle is here copying a paragraph from a pagan book on morality or from this or that Manual of Discipline circulated by an Essenic sect. Objections:) (1) The definitely Christian character of this exhortation is clear from the reference to the peace of God which precedes it and the God of peace which follows it.) (2) It is also clear from the fact that the apostle states that these things have been heard and seen in himself.

Surely, the Philippians had seen Christian virtues displayed in Paul!) (3) Wherever possible, words used by Paul in any passage should be interpreted in the light of their true parallels in Scripture, especially in Paul s own letters.) Note the six occurrences of whatever, followed by two instances of any. Believers should exhibit not just this or that trait of Christian character but all the graces in choral order and festal array (Johnstone).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.25|AUTODETECT|” The apostle tells the Philippians to meditate on whatever things are true. Truth stands over against falsehood 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.25|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.4|AUTODETECT|” ). It has its norm in God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 3:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.24|AUTODETECT|” ), goes hand in hand with goodness, righteousness, and holiness 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.24|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.9|AUTODETECT|” 5:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.13|AUTODETECT|” ) and is climaxed in gospel-truth 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.21|AUTODETECT|” 4:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.5|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.14|AUTODETECT|” ). Truth belongs to the armor of the Christian soldier 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.14|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.2|AUTODETECT|” Paul adds, whatever things (are) honorable. In his speech and in his entire behavior believers should be dignified, serious. Proper motives, manners, and morals are very important. In an environment then as now characterized by frivolity whatever things are honorable surely merit earnest consideration. See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.2|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.4|AUTODETECT|” 3:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.2|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.8|AUTODETECT|” 3:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.15.3|AUTODETECT|” So also whatever things (are) just. Having received from God righteousness both of imputation and impartation, believers should think righteous thoughts. They should, in their mind, gratefully meditate on God s righteous Acts 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.15.3|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 15:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ), appreciate righteousness in others, and should plan righteous words and deeds. Masters, for example, should take account of what is fair and square in dealing with their servants. They should realize that they, too, have an Employer in heaven 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.1|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). In all his planning, let the Christian ask himself, Is this in harmony with God s will and law? ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.8|AUTODETECT|” Next, whatever things (are) pure. The Philippians, because of their background and surroundings 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.8|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.18|AUTODETECT|” , and antinomian, cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.18|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.2|AUTODETECT|” ) were being constantly tempted by that which was unchaste. Let them therefore fill their minds with whatever is pure and holy. See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.2|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 11:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.22|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.5|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.3.17|AUTODETECT|” . Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.3.17|AUTODETECT|” James 3:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.3|AUTODETECT|” I John 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.21|AUTODETECT|” . Let them overcome evil with good 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.21|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 12:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). A wonderful direction also for the present day!) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Whatever things (are) lovely follows immediately. The word lovely, though occurring only in this one instance in the New Testament, is rather common in epitaphs. That which is lovely, amiable, pleasing, breathes love and evokes love. Let believers meditate and take into account all such things.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.8|AUTODETECT|” Whatever things (are) of good report 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.8|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 6:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) closes this list of six whatever s. These things are well-sounding, appealing. Even upon non-Christians they may make a good impression. The main consideration is, however, that in their inner essence they are actually worthy of creating that impression.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8-49.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Paul summarizes: If (there be) any virtue and if (there be) any praise, be thinking about these things. Nothing that is really worthwhile for believers to ponder and take into consideration is omitted from this summarizing phrase. Anything at all that is a matter of moral and spiritual excellence, so that it is the proper object of praise, is the right pasture for the Christian mind to graze in. Nothing that is of a contrary nature is the right food for his thought. It is hardly necessary to repeat that the virtue of which the apostle speaks is the fruit which grows on the tree of salvation. The trunk of this tree is faith, and its roots are imbedded in the soil of God s sovereign, saving grace 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8-49.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:8 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.5|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.33|AUTODETECT|” ). To be sure, the believer is not at all blind to the fact that there remain in man, since the fall, the glimmerings of natural light, whereby he retains some knowledge of God, of natural things, and of the difference between good and evil, and shows some regard for virtue and for good outward behavior (Canons of Dort III and IV, article 4). In a sense even sinners do good 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.33|AUTODETECT|” Luke 6:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.46|AUTODETECT|” ), and even publicans love 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.46|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:46) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). To deny this, in the interest of this or that theological presupposition, would be to fly in the face of the clear teaching of Scripture and the facts of everyday observation and experience. But surely when Paul told the Philippians to be constantly thinking about anything that is virtuous and worthy of praise, he, great idealist that he was, could not have been satisfied with anything that was less than goodness in the highest, spiritual sense (that which proceeds from faith, is done according to God s law, and to his glory).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 This follows also from the continuation:) B. Proper Action) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.24|AUTODETECT|” 9. The things which you not only learned and received but also heard and saw in me these things put into constant practice. It becomes very clear now that the thinking or meditation of which the apostle spoke in the preceding passage was not of an abstractly theoretical character. It was thinking with a purpose, and that purpose lies in the sphere of action. This is also the teaching of The Sermon on the Mount and of Christ s parables 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.24|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 7:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.23|AUTODETECT|” 13:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.15|AUTODETECT|” Luke 8:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). True believers hear. They meditate until they understand. Then they act upon it, putting it into constant practice, thereby showing that their house was built upon a rock.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.17|AUTODETECT|” The learning and receiving of which the apostle speaks here in verse 9 represents one idea; the hearing and seeing the other. Paul and others had taught the Philippians the matters summarized in verse 8, and they had accepted them. But the apostle had also exemplified these virtues in his own daily conduct. The Philippians had heard about this from various sources and by the mouth of ever so many messengers. Even by means of the present letter they are hearing about it, and Epaphroditus will surely fill in the details. Moreover, both on his first visit and on subsequent stop-overs they have seen these graces displayed in Paul. Hence, the apostle had a right to say, Brothers, join in being imitators of me 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.17|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 25 2 8 0 0 The result of such constant Christian practice is stated in the words, And the God of peace will be with you. The expression the God of peace here in verse 9 complements and brings to a climax the phrase the peace of God of verse 7. Not only will the Philippians who obey these instructions receive God s most wonderful gift; they will also have as their constant Helper and Friend the Giver himself!) Synthesis of 4:1 9) Exhortations (general and specific) to remain firm and live in unity, an answer to the question how true blessedness can be obtained, and a summary of Christian duty: these thoughts fill the present section.) In a world of unbelief and hostility believers should continue to take a definite stand for their convictions. Theirs should be the attitude of militant unity. Very tactfully and lovingly Paul admonishes two women of the congregation to settle their dispute and live in harmony. While he administers a veiled rebuke, he yet praises them for their earnest and co-operative effort in days gone by.

In fact, he even honors them by mentioning them in one breath with other then-famous gospel-workers. He appoints Syzygus Yoke-fellow is his name and a true Yoke-fellow he is! to lend them a hand in arriving at the ideal of true, Christian unity.) He points out that the secret of true blessedness consists in permitting spiritual joy to reign within, showing magnanimity all around, and trustfully bringing every need to the attention of God above. Such taking hold on God must be reverent (it must be true praying), humble (supplicating), thankful (no prayer is complete without thanksgiving), and definite (making definite petitions or requests). Result: God s peace incomprehensible in its grandeur, will stand guard at the door of the believers hearts and thoughts, preventing the entrance of fears and doubts.) The summary of Christian duty may be expressed in this one thought that in all their thinking with a view to future deeds believers should strive to overcome evil with good; that is, that which is true, honorable, just, pure, lovely, and of good report must crowd out whatever is base. Let virtue conquer vice! Reward: not only the peace of God but the God of peace will be with them.) CHAPTER IV (CONTINUED)) Summary of Chapter 4) Verses 10 23) Paul, the Grateful Recipient) rejoicing in the generosity of the Philippians, and testifying that he has learned the secret of contentment and of readiness for every task;) resuming and completing his expression of appreciation for the generosity which the Philippians have shown both in the more recent and in the more distant past;) confessing his faith in God who will supply every need, and ascribing glory to him; and) concluding his letter with words of greeting and benediction.) 4:10 13 Thank-you note begun; testimony: the secret learned.) 4:14 18 Thank you note resumed and completed.) 4:19, 20 Assurance of God s loving care, Doxology.) 4:21 23 Conclusion.) ) 4:10 13) I.

Thank-you Note Begun. Testimony: the Secret Learned) 10 Now I rejoice in the Lord greatly that now at length you caused your concern for my welfare to bloom afresh; a matter with reference to which you were indeed concerned, but you lacked opportunity. 11 Not that I mention (this) because of want; for I have learned in whatever circumstances I am to be content. 12 I know what it means to live in straitened circumstances, and I also know what it means to have plenty; in any and all circumstances I have learned the secret, both to be filled and to be hungry, both to have plenty and to be in want. 13 I can do all things through him who infuses strength into me.) ) 10. One of Paul s purposes in writing Philippians was to give written expression to his gratitude for the gift received (see Introduction, IV). Says C. R. Erdman in his Exposition on Philippians, p. 131, This message of thanks is a rare blending of affection, of dignity, of delicacy, with a certain under undertone of gentle pleasantry.

It is an embodiment of ideal Christian courtesy. ��180�� It begins as follows, Now I rejoice��181�� in the Lord greatly that now at length��182�� you caused your concern for my welfare to bloom afresh.��183�� To be sure, there had been this concern, this interest, all along, just as throughout the winter-season the tree that seems to be dead is actually alive. But just as in spring-time the tree puts forth fresh shoots, thereby proving that it is alive, so also the Philippians interest in Paul had at last found a way to express and demonstrate itself concretely. In the Lord, that is, motivated by the highest possible considerations as being in the closest union with his Lord, Paul not only rejoices but, in consideration of the implications of this gift, even rejoices greatly. The apostle guards against misinterpretation by continuing, a matter with reference to which��184�� you were indeed concerned, but you lacked opportunity. The matter of which Paul speaks was, of course, that pertaining to his welfare. As soon as the news of Paul s imprisonment had become known in Philippi the desire had sprung up to do something to help him.

But at first no favorable opportunity had presented itself. It may have been that no messenger had been immediately available, or that for some reason or other it had been impossible to collect the gift from the various members. These are only two out of many possibilities. At any rate, for a while opportunity to send the gift had been lacking. As soon as this situation changed, the Philippians had acted with characteristic enthusiasm and devotion.) 11. Paul had been exuberant in his praise.

He had said, I rejoice greatly. Here, too, misinterpretation was possible. The question might be asked, Is not this a weakness in Paul, to go into such raptures over merely earthly goods, as if he were a child who had just received a new toy? Or were his remarks to be taken as an expression of dire want, a kind of complaint with the implication, Please send me another gift soon? To prevent any inferences of this nature the apostle continues, Not that��185�� I mention (this) because of want; for I have learned in whatever circumstances I am to be content. Meaning: The satisfaction of a material need must not be construed as being either the real reason for or the measure of my joy.

On the contrary, regardless of outward circumstances, I would still be satisfied. My conversion-experience, and also my subsequent trials for the sake of Christ and his gospel, have taught me a lesson. The path which I traveled led me ever closer to Christ, to his love, and to his power, yes to Christ and contentment in him. That very contentment is riches to me. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.6|AUTODETECT|” 12. It is to be noted that this contentment or soul-sufficiency 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.6|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) is derived not from any resources which the soul has in itself. Paul is no vain boaster who exclaims, I am the Captain of my soul. He is no Stoic who, trusting in his own resources, and supposedly unmoved by either joy or grief, endeavors with all his might to submit without complaining to unavoidable necessity. The apostle is no statue. He is a man of flesh and blood. He knows both joys and sorrows, yet is content.

But his contentment has its cause in One other than himself. The real Source or Fountain of Paul s soul-sufficiency is mentioned in verse 13. And that Fountain never runs dry, no matter what may be the circumstances. With reference to the latter Paul continues, I know what it means to live in straitened circumstances, and I also know what it means to have plenty. In any and all circumstances I have learned the secret, both to be filled and to be hungry, both to have plenty and to be in want.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.25.14|AUTODETECT|” Paul has learned the secret (a verb used only here in the New Testament and related to mystery).��186�� He has been thoroughly initiated into it by the experiences of life applied to the heart by the Holy Spirit. To those who fear him God reveals this mystery 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.25.14|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 25:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Those who reject Christ cannot understand how it is possible for a Christian to remain calm in adversity, humble in prosperity.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 The words in the present passage which require some elucidation are the following:) to live in straitened circumstances) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.8|AUTODETECT|” Again and again Paul had been brought low, same verb as used with reference to Christ in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.8|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.14.19|AUTODETECT|” , the Christ who humbled himself. That the apostle indeed knew what it meant to be reduced to such straitened circumstances is clear from the following passages: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.14.19|AUTODETECT|” Acts 14:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.22-44.16.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.22-44.16.25|AUTODETECT|” 16:22 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.13|AUTODETECT|” 17:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.12|AUTODETECT|” 18:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.3|AUTODETECT|” 20:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.4.11|AUTODETECT|” ; Chapters 21 27; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.4.11|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 4:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.4|AUTODETECT|” 6:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.27|AUTODETECT|” 11:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.33|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.33|AUTODETECT|” 33) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . He knew what was meant by hunger, thirst, fasting, cold, nakedness, physical suffering, mental torture, persecution, etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 to be hungry) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.20|AUTODETECT|” Hunger and thirst are often mentioned together 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.20|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 12:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.11|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 4:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.27|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 11:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.6|AUTODETECT|” ; and cf. for spiritual yearning, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.6|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.7.16|AUTODETECT|” ). In glory there will be neither hunger nor thirst 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.7.16|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 7:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.2|AUTODETECT|” ), and this because of Christ s submission to these afflictions for his own children 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.2|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 4 2 8 0 0 to be in want) The apostle had often fallen behind. He had suffered from lack of such comforts as many other people would have considered necessities. He had come short. Yet, none of these things had deprived him of his contentment.) Over against the expressions indicating poverty and affliction are those referring to riches and glory:) to have plenty) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.15|AUTODETECT|” Before his conversion Paul has been a prominent Pharisee. The future looked bright and promising. Paul had had plenty, and this in more ways than one. Yet, he had lacked the greatest boon of all: Christ-centered peace of soul. But even after his conversion there had been moments of refreshment when even physically he had experienced what it meant, in a sense, to have plenty 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.15|AUTODETECT|” Acts 16:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.40|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.40|AUTODETECT|” 40) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.33|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.33|AUTODETECT|” 16:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.34|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.34|AUTODETECT|” 34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.11|AUTODETECT|” 20:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.2|AUTODETECT|” 28:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.15|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 4:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.16|AUTODETECT|” 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.18|AUTODETECT|” 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.30.8|AUTODETECT|” ), and now no longer apart from but in connection with peace of soul. Now, to carry oneself properly in the midst of plenty is no easy matter 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.30.8|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 30:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.23-41.10.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.23-41.10.25|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:23 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). As the adage has it, In order to carry a full cup one must have a steady hand, Paul, however, by the grace of the Holy Spirit had been schooled to abundance as well as to want.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 to be filled) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.21|AUTODETECT|” This word, though used at first with respect to the feeding and fattening of animals (of which meaning there is an echo in the clause: all the birds gorged themselves with their flesh, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.21|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 19:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), and applied to men chiefly by the Comic poets, was gradually losing its depreciatory sense and is here simply used as a synonym for to have plenty.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.9|AUTODETECT|” 13. Paul, then, is saying that in every particular circumstance as well as in all circumstances generally he has learned the secret of contentment. The cause that accounts for this soul-sufficiency, that is, the Person who taught and is constantly teaching him this secret, is indicated in the words, I can do all things in him��187�� who infuses strength into me. Surely, a wonderful testimony! Whatever needs to be done Paul can do, for he is in Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.9|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.9|AUTODETECT|” ), being by the indwelling presence of Christ s Spirit and by Spirit-wrought faith in vital union and intimate fellowship with his Lord and Savior. Christ s grace is sufficient for him and his power rests on him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.9|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 12:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.17|AUTODETECT|” ). This wonderful Helper is standing by him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.17|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.12|AUTODETECT|” ) as the great Enabler 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.12|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.10|AUTODETECT|” ). The Lord is for Paul the Fountain of Wisdom, encouragement, and energy, actually infusing strength into him for every need. It is for that reason that the apostle is even able to say. Wherefore I take pleasure in infirmities, in insults, in distresses, in persecutions and frustrations, for when I am weak, then I am strong 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.10|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 12:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 9 2 8 0 0 ) 4:14 18) II. Thank-you Note Resumed and Completed) 14 Nevertheless, you did nobly in sharing my affliction. 15 Moreover, you Philippians yourselves also know that in the early days of the gospel, when I departed from Macedonia, not even a single church entered into partnership with me in an account of expenditures and receipts except you only; 16 for even when I was in Thessalonica you once and again sent me something to alleviate my need. 17 Not that I seek the gift, but I seek the fruit which increases to your credit. 18 But I have received payment in full and am enjoying abundance. I am amply supplied, having received from Epaphroditus the gifts (that came) from you, a fragrant odor, a sacrifice acceptable, well-pleasing to God.) ) The Thank-you note is now resumed (from verse 10) and completed. The apostle indicates the relation of the gift to:) (1) himself the recipient: it relieved his need and brought joy to his heart (verses 10, 14 16, 18a).) (2) the givers: it enriched them (verse 17).) (3) God: it was well-pleasing to him (verse 18b).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.6|AUTODETECT|” 14. Paul is careful not to leave the impression that the gift had been superfluous and that he did not appreciate it. On the contrary, he indicates that he was definitely pleased with it. Hence, he says, Nevertheless, you did nobly in sharing my affliction. It was, says Paul as it were, a noble, a beautiful deed, like that of Mary of Bethany 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.6|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.5|AUTODETECT|” ). Had the Philippians not been true sympathizers, so that they felt Paul s affliction as if it were their very own, they would not have performed their generous deed. The gift indicated that they had made common cause with Paul s affliction, were true sharers in it. Truly, the fellowship 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.5|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) was operating beautifully!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.14|AUTODETECT|” 15, 16. Paul continues, Moreover, you Philippians yourselves also know that in the early days of the gospel, when I departed from Macedonia, not even a single church entered into partnership with me in an account of expenditures and receipts but you only. Paul gratefully acknowledges the fact that the present gift was the continuation of a series of gifts. He mentions something well-known to both the Philippians and himself, namely, that when the Philippian church was in its infancy, having just been established this was at least a decade ago then already, in those early days of gospel-proclamation in their region, they, and they alone, had entered into partnership with himself in (and here follows a business-term) an account of expenditures and receipts, that is, an account in which the Philippians were the givers, Paul the receiver. Defining the occasion more exactly as to time, the apostle says that this generosity had been shown in connection with his departure from Macedonia (in which Philippi and nearby Thessalonica were located), a rather sudden departure, as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.14|AUTODETECT|” Acts 17:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.8|AUTODETECT|” indicates. The friends in Philippi had heard about Paul s troubles in Thessalonica and had immediately rushed to his aid in a material way, enabling him to continue his work elsewhere 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.8|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 11:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Nor was this all, for even when I was in Thessalonica you once and again sent me something to alleviate my need. This help which had been given during Paul s work in Thessalonica naturally even preceded his departure from Macedonia. So young a church, that of Philippi, yet so prompt and spontaneous in extending help! Truly the stamp of Luke s and Lydia s commendable generosity was upon this congregation! See Introduction, III.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.7|AUTODETECT|” 17. Paul s fear of being misunderstood when he speaks about receiving gifts appears again and again, no doubt because his enemies were constantly misconstruing his motives 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.7|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 11:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.14|AUTODETECT|” 12:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.3|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.11|AUTODETECT|” ). If he accepted a gift or if his enemies suspected that he did, they were ready to charge him with selfishness, greed; if he did not, they accused him of making a show of his humility. Yet, in the final analysis it was not the gift but the giver that was the object of Paul s concern. Hence, he says, Not that I seek the gift, but I seek the fruit which increases to your account. Note again the business-term account. The gift was really an investment entered as a credit on the account of the Philippians, an investment which is increasingly paying them rich dividends. These dividends or fruits in the lives of his friends are the object of Paul s concern. In this letter he has already mentioned fruits 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.11|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.13|AUTODETECT|” ), and he does so also elsewhere 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.7.4|AUTODETECT|” 7:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.22|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.23|AUTODETECT|” 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.9|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.11.25|AUTODETECT|” ). Right giving always enriches the giver. The liberal soul will be made fat 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.11.25|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 11:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.19.17|AUTODETECT|” ). He who pities the poor lends to the Lord 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.19.17|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 19:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.7|AUTODETECT|” ). Blessed are the merciful, for they will obtain mercy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.7|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.9.7|AUTODETECT|” ). God loves a cheerful giver 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.9.7|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 9:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.1-42.21.4|AUTODETECT|” ). And cf. also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.1-42.21.4|AUTODETECT|” Luke 21:1 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Among the fruits that are harvested by such givers may be mentioned the following: a good conscience, assurance of salvation, enriched fellowship with other believers, a broadened outlook into the needs and interests of the church universal, increased joy and love (both of these imparted and received), a higher degree of glory in heaven, Judgment Day praise.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.18|AUTODETECT|” 18. In all probability commercial phraseology is continued in the words, But I have received payment in full and am enjoying abundance. According to the evidence supplied by papyri and ostraca the term apecho (��) here used has the meaning I have received. The technical sense is, This is my receipt. A. Deissmann (Light From the Ancient East, fourth edition, pp. 111, 112, 331) also informs us that in receipts apecho is frequently 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.18|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 4:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.13|AUTODETECT|” ) combined with panta (��), meaning everything that was owed, full payment. In a more or less humorous manner, therefore, the apostle is here saying, I have received full payment, and even more (or and am affluent, thus Erdman). He continues, I am amply supplied, having received from Epaphroditus the gifts (that came) from you. Just what was included in those gifts we are not told. Possibilities: money to cover expenses, reading material, clothes 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.13|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.25-50.2.30|AUTODETECT|” for the last two items for which Paul asks at a later occasion). On Epaphroditus see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.25-50.2.30|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:25 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.4.4|AUTODETECT|” . The finest thing that can be said about these gifts is this: they are described as a fragrant odor, a sacrifice acceptable, well-pleasing to God. Higher praise even Paul could not have bestowed upon the givers. The gifts are an odor of a sweet smell, an offering presented to God, welcome and very pleasing to him. They are comparable to the thank-offering of Abel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.4.4|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 4:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.8.21|AUTODETECT|” ), of Noah 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.8.21|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 8:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ), of the Israelites when in the proper frame of mind they brought whole-burnt-offerings 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.1.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.1.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.1.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.1.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.15|AUTODETECT|” ), and of believers generally in dedicating their lives to God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.15|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 2:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.16|AUTODETECT|” 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.2|AUTODETECT|” ), as did also Christ, but he in a unique manner 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.2|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.1|AUTODETECT|” ). Whether or not an offering is really acceptable and well-pleasing to God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.1|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 12:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.4.1-1.4.15|AUTODETECT|” ) depends on the motive of the one who brings it 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.4.1-1.4.15|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 4:1 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.4|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 11:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 10 2 8 0 0 Not what we give hut what we share,) For the gift without the giver is bare. ) (Lowell)) The apostle credits the givers with the proper spirit, that is, the attitude of faith, love, and gratitude. He acknowledges that their deed was not merely an act of sympathy shown to a friend in need but a genuine offering presented to God to promote his cause, and thus to Paul as God s representative! That made the deed so grand and beautiful!) ) 4:19 20) III. Assurance of God s Loving Care. Doxology) 19 And my God will gloriously supply every need of yours according to his riches in Christ Jesus. 20 Now to our God and Father (be) the glory forever and ever. Amen.) ) A. Assurance of God s Loving Care) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.17|AUTODETECT|” 19. Approaching the end of his epistle Paul now assures the addressees that God will supply their every need: And my God will gloriously supply every need of yours according to his riches in Christ Jesus. Had not God s care rested in a marvelous manner upon the apostle himself, during this very imprisonment? Note Paul s later testimony regarding this care: But the Lord stood by my side and gave me strength in order that through me the message might be fully heralded, and all the Gentiles might hear it. And I was rescued out of (the) mouth of (the) lion 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.17|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ). So also this same compassion would bless the Philippians. Touching is the expression my God. See on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.32|AUTODETECT|” . It was the God who meant so very, very much to Paul. This God will not fulfill every wish but will supply every need! He will do this in glory, which in the sense of gloriously must in all probability be construed as modifying the verb supply; hence, God will gloriously supply. Paul is not primarily thinking of what God will do for believers when they have entered the glory of heaven, but what he will do for them in this earthly realm of needs, as they present these needs to him. These he will fulfill not merely out of his riches (as a millionaire might do when he donates a trifling sum to a good cause, subtracting the amount from his vast possessions) but according to his riches, so that the gift is actually in proportion to God s infinite resources!

Of course, this loving care, this glorious help in need, is based on the merits of Christ Jesus. How vast the benefits divine which we in Christ possess 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.32|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). It is only because believers are in vital union with him that they receive all these bounties.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The assurance of this manifestation of God s very special providence��188�� does not mean that the Philippians would now be justified in becoming lazy, disregarding or even rejecting every means and avenue of caring for themselves. God s word does not advocate fanaticism, nor does it say that one should throw his pocketbook into the nearest river and then announce that he is going to live by faith (Tenney). To be sure, God was taking care of Paul, but one of the ways in which he was providing for him was the gift from Philippi which Paul here acknowledges.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.28.15|AUTODETECT|” Among the many passages in which this tender and loving care of God for his children in the here and now is described, passages which have given comfort to God s people in many generations, are also the following: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.28.15|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 28:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.50.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.50.20|AUTODETECT|” 50:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.33.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.33.14|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 33:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.2.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.2.7|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 2:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.32.7-5.32.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.32.7-5.32.14|AUTODETECT|” 32:7 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.33.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.33.27|AUTODETECT|” 33:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=6.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=6.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Josh. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.7.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.7.12|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 7:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.17.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.17.6|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 17:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.17.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.17.16|AUTODETECT|” 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=14.20.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=14.20.17|AUTODETECT|” II Chron. 20:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.18.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.18.35|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 18:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.23.0|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.23.0|AUTODETECT|” 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.31.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.31.19|AUTODETECT|” 31:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.91.0|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.91.0|AUTODETECT|” 91) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.121.0|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.121.0|AUTODETECT|” 121) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.25.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.25.4|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 25:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.11|AUTODETECT|” , 32:2; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.11|AUTODETECT|” 40:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.41.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.41.10|AUTODETECT|” 41:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.43.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.43.1|AUTODETECT|” 43:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.43.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.43.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.46.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.46.3|AUTODETECT|” 46:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.46.4|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.46.4|AUTODETECT|” 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=29.2.21-29.2.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=29.2.21-29.2.27|AUTODETECT|” Joel 2:21 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.10|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 3:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.32|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.32|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 6:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.20|AUTODETECT|” 14:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.37|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.37|AUTODETECT|” 23:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.38|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.38|AUTODETECT|” Luke 6:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.7|AUTODETECT|” 12:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.35|AUTODETECT|” 22:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.27|AUTODETECT|” John 10:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.28|AUTODETECT|” 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.11|AUTODETECT|” 17:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.28|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.31-45.8.39|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.31-45.8.39|AUTODETECT|” 31 39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.18|AUTODETECT|” 4:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.7|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 5:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 2 2 8 0 0 4:20) B. Doxology) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.11|AUTODETECT|” 20. For Paul doctrine is never a dry matter. Whenever it occupies his mind it also fills his heart with praise. Hence, reflecting on this marvelous care which God bestows on his children he exclaims, Now to our God and Father (be) the glory forever and ever. Amen. Note our God and Father, through Christ, of course. To this God who in his Son is the Father of all believers Paul ascribes adoration. See on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.11|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.18|AUTODETECT|” for detailed word-study of the concept glory. The ardent yearning of the apostle s heart is that all God s redeemed children will do their utmost to give never-ending praises unto their God, praises for the ages of the ages, that is, forever and ever. The solemn Amen, a word of affirmation or confirmation, underscores the fact that the doxology is not merely a matter of the lips or of the pen but is the spontaneous utterance of the heart redeemed by grace. Paul s epistles abound in doxologies. For this see above, on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.18|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , under the heading Paul s Deeply Emotional Nature.) 1 8 2 8 0 0 ) 4:21 23) IV. Conclusion) 21 Greet every saint in Christ Jesus. The brothers (who are) with me greet you. 22 All the saints greet you, especially those of Caesar s household.) 23 The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ (be) with your spirit.) ) 4:21 22) A. Words of Greeting) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.17|AUTODETECT|” 21. It is entirely possible that Paul wrote these last three verses with his own hand 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.17|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 3:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). To every member of the church of Philippi who by virtue of union with Christ Jesus has been set apart to a life of consecration to the Lord the apostle sends his greeting as a token of brotherly love: Greet every saint in Christ Jesus. He adds, The brothers(who are) with me greet you. Paul s fellow-workers in Rome, having heard that Paul is sending a letter to the Philippians, have asked that their greetings, too, be extended. Some see here a discrepancy or inconsistency. They point to the fact that elsewhere in this same epistle them apostle has spoken disparagingly about this group of colleagues (see on 1:15a, 17; 2:21). So, how can he now convey their kind regards? The following, however, should be noted:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.1|AUTODETECT|” (1) One of the fellow-workers was Timothy. Paul has had nothing but good to say about him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.20|AUTODETECT|” 2:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.22|AUTODETECT|” 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 (2) There were also others, with reference to whom Paul had already said that they were heralding Christ from good will & out of love, knowing that I am appointed for the defense of the gospel (1:15b, 16a).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.21|AUTODETECT|” (3) The so-called contradiction results from a too absolutistic interpretation of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.21|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 (see on that passage).) 1 7 2 8 0 0 (4) And if even some of the envious colleagues (who nevertheless, preached soundly!) had joined in asking Paul to convey their greetings, would this have been refused?) 22. Paul continues, All the saints greet you. The circle of greeters widens now so that it includes all believers in Rome. They all tender their regards and good wishes, for) In Christ there is no East or West,) In him no South or North;) But one great fellowship of Love) Throughout the whole, wide earth. ) (John Oxenham)) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.0|AUTODETECT|” Paul believed very strongly in ecumenicity of the highest type, ecumenicity indeed, but without sacrifice of the truth. Did he not during this same imprisonment devote an epistle to the theme, The Unity of All Believers in Christ (Ephesians)? Had he not been the active promoter of a collection for the needy saints in Jerusalem (read II Cor., Chapters 8 and 9)? Was he not the author of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.12.0|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.20|AUTODETECT|” and 13? How he loved to send to the saints of Philippi the greetings from all the saints in Rome 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.20|AUTODETECT|” John 17:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.5|AUTODETECT|” ). Truly, this was not just a merely formal, polite, customary way of ending a letter. These greetings were from the heart to the heart. The fellowship was functioning 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.5|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.22|AUTODETECT|” ). Paul adds, especially those of Caesar s household.��189�� This expression does not as such refer to the emperor s blood-relatives. It refers rather to all persons in the emperor s service, whether slaves or freedmen. Such people who had been given employment in the domestic and administrative establishment of the emperor were found not only in Italy but even in the provinces. Nevertheless, it is rather questionable reasoning to base on this circumstance the conclusion that, therefore, the epistle to the Philippians may have originated outside of Rome, say in Ephesus or Caesarea. No matter how far and wide Caesar s household extended, its heart and center was in Rome and consisted of servants in and about the emperor s palace. Besides, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.22|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 4:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.13|AUTODETECT|” does not stand alone. There is, for example, also the reference to the whole praetorian guard 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.13|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Taken together and in connection with similar additional evidence which has been discussed in the Introduction everything points to Rome.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Why did especially these members of Caesar s household send their greetings? We simply do not know. The following are among the guesses that have been made. It is impossible to establish which (if any) of these reasons, or which combination of them, furnishes the true answer to thequestion.) (1) Philippi was a colony; hence, had many servants employed by the government. Because of the work they performed these were acquainted with similar government employees in Rome.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.0|AUTODETECT|” (2) These members of Caesar s household were earlier converts to Christianity. They had become believers before Paul arrived in Rome 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.0|AUTODETECT|” Romans 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ); hence, there had been more time for them to establish contact with believers elsewhere, particularly also in Philippi.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 (3) It is a known fact that a considerable percentage of those who become longed to Caesar s household in Rome had come from regions east of Rome. Hence, those or at least some of those who were sending these special greetings may have come from Macedonia, and therefore wished to be remembered to their friends and relatives.) Far more important is the fact that Christianity had entered even the circles of these palace-servants. Their position in the midst of a definitely pagan environment in which by many the emperor was worshiped as if he were a god, did not keep them from remaining true to their only Lord and Savior, from spreading the good news to others, and from strengthening the church in Philippi by means of their greetings. Eternity will tell what great blessings must have resulted from lives dedicated to Christ amid such worldly surroundings!) 4:23) B. Benediction) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.18|AUTODETECT|” 23. The best textual evidence supports the reading which can be rendered, The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ (be) with your spirit.��190�� One is reminded immediately of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.18|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 6:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.25|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.25|AUTODETECT|” Philem. 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.23|AUTODETECT|” ; but see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.23|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 16:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.28|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.18|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 3:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.22|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.22|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.1|AUTODETECT|” . Picture the situation when this letter, having been delivered by Epaphroditus to the overseers and deacons at Philippi 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), is at their order, read to the Philippian congregation, assembled for worship. Upon them all, thus gathered with God s Spirit in their midst, Paul the apostle, as God s official representative, pronounces God s grace, that is, God s unmerited favor in the Anointed Lord and Savior, based on his merits, conveyed by his Spirit. If this pronouncement is accepted with a believing heart, then from this basic blessing of grace all others flow forth, filling the very spirit, the inner personality viewed as contact-point between God and his child, with the peace of God that surpasses all understanding!) 1 20 2 8 0 0 Synthesis of 4:10 23) For this see the Summary at the beginning of this section.) Seed-thoughts of 4:10 23) (1) The Christian is neither too proud nor too thoughtless to say, Thank you (verse 10).) (2) Deeds of kindness resemble a tree putting forth fresh shoots (verse 10).) (3) It is easy to find excuses to cover real neglect on our own part; it requires grace to search out reasons for seeming neglect on the part of others (verse 10).) (4) One is not born with contentment; it must be learned (verse 11).) (5) Contentment is a jewel which no amount of gold or silver can buy and which does not depend on outward circumstances (verses 11, 12).) (6) The Author of true contentment is the indwelling, strength-imparting Christ (verse 13).) (7) Sharing your goods with a person in need is good and necessary. Sharing his affliction is even better. The first should be done in the spirit of the second (verse 14).) (8) Kindnesses which others have shown us in the past should be remembered and recalled (verses 15 and 16).) (9) The fruit is even more important than the gift (verse 17).) (10) The giver enriches two people: the recipient and himself (verse 17).) (11) True gifts are fragrant offerings (verse 18).) (12) When God gives us anything he does so according to (and not merely out of) his riches (verse 19).) (13) The climax of Christian speech, whether spoken or written, is the doxology. In fact, the Christian breathes doxologies (verse 20).) (14) If among the early Christians there were those who belonged to Nero s household, today s government-employees in far more favorable circumstances will have great difficulty when they try to find an excuse for failing to hear witness for Christ (verse 22).) (15) In the final analysis our entire salvation from start to finish depends on God s sovereign favor in Jesus Christ (verse 23).) 169 Or simply, genuine Syzygus (Yoke-fellow).) 170 For the meaning of the cognate verb �� see detailed discussion in N.T.C. on the Gospel of John, Vol. II, pp. 494 500, footnote 306.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.25|AUTODETECT|” 171 See on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.25|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , footnote 116 under C.) 1 5 2 8 0 0 172) The reading as proper name is preferable. Other views as to the identity of this individual:) (1) true yoke-fellow, not a proper name, merely descriptive. Objections: a. This is out of line with the other proper names here mentioned: Euodia, Syntyche, Clement. b. Nowhere else does Paul call his fellow-workers by the name yoke-fellows.) (2) Lydia. Objection: the adjective �� is vocative, sing., masc.) (3) Paul s wife. Objection: same as above, as well as other objections.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.1|AUTODETECT|” (4) Timothy. Objection: he was one of the senders of the letter 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 5 2 8 0 0 (5) Epaphroditus. Objection: he was in all probability the man who carried and delivered the letter. For the apostle to address him in the body of this letter would have been very unnatural.) (6) Other guesses, equally unnatural, or in some cases even more so: Silas, Luke, Christ!) 173 �5��: inasmuch as they, etc.) 174 That he is to be identified with Clement of Rome is mere fancy.) 175 Quoted from my book More Than Conquerors, p. 92.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.3|AUTODETECT|” 176 For the adjective �� see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.3|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.3.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.3.17|AUTODETECT|” James 3:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.2.18|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 2:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.4|AUTODETECT|” ; for the noun �� see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.4|AUTODETECT|” Acts 24:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.1|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 10:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 3 2 8 0 0 177 Thus also H. Preisker, article ��, ��, Th.W.N.T., Vol. II, pp. 585 587.) 178 See my book The Bible and the Life Hereafter, Chapter 14, Is There Time in Heaven? pp. 70 74.) N.T.C. W. Hendriksen, New Testament Commentary) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.18|AUTODETECT|” 179 �� is the more general term; �� the more particular. The two words occur together also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.18|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.5|AUTODETECT|” 5:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.1|AUTODETECT|” . The former is always addressed to God; the latter to either God or man. See R. C. Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament, paragraph li. Also N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 180 The question as to Paul s attitude toward accepting remuneration or gifts for gospel-work has been discussed under ten points in N.T.C. on I and II Thessalonians, pp. 66, 67.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.27.0|AUTODETECT|” 181 Thus to be rendered if �� is an epistolary aorist. Something can be said, however, in favor of the rendering, I rejoiced, simple historical aorist, going back to the moment when Paul, after a terrible voyage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.27.0|AUTODETECT|” Acts 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), had arrived in Rome, and then, at some later time, was heartened by the visit of Epaphroditus bringing not only the gift itself but, bound up with it, also the assurance that his dear friends in Philippi had by no means forgotten him, and, on the whole, were standing firm in their faith. It is, however, impossible to say definitely whether this aorist is a direct reference to the past or is epistolary, and this point is surely of very minor interest, as in either case the apostle must have rejoiced greatly whenever he thought of the Philippians and their gift.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.10|AUTODETECT|” 182 $�� r as in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.10|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Not because of late (Berkeley Version).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.17.24|AUTODETECT|” 183 This, it would seem to me, makes better sense than to interpret �� intransitively, You revived with respect to your concern for me. Transitive meaning also in LXX; e.g., ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=26.17.24|AUTODETECT|” Ezek. 17:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 3 2 8 0 0 184 Of the various ways in which �� can be rendered this yields the best sense.) 185 See on 3:12.) 186 On the verb �� see Bornkamm, Th.W.N.T., Vol. 4, p. 834. It is not necessary to suppose that the word was borrowed from the mystery-cults. Nor is it at all certain that Paul s frequent use of the cognate noun mystery has been taken over from these cults. To Paul a mystery is a truth which, had it not been for special divine revelation, would not have been known.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.9|AUTODETECT|” 187 The reading �� at the end of the sentence is wanting in the best manuscripts. It was probably added for the sake of clarity, influenced by such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.9|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 12:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.12|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.4.17|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 3 2 8 0 0 188 I am here using the familiar terminology favored by those theologians who distinguish between God s general providence over all his creatures, including even plants and animals; his special providence over all his rational creatures, including all men, both believers and unbelievers; and his very special providence of which believers are the objects. See L. Berkhof, Systematic Theology, p. 168.) 189 On this see the following: J. B. Lightfoot s Commentary on St. Paul s Epistle to the Philippians, pp. 171 178; entry �0�� in L.N.T. (A. and G.); and the article on this word in Th.W.N.T., Vol. 5, p. 136.) 190 p46, Aleph A, the Koine, D most witnesses, Vulgate, and important Syriac translations add Amen, which is wanting in B, G and some other mss.)

New Testament Commentary (Baker)

William Hendriksen (1900–1982) was a Dutch-American Reformed theologian and professor at Calvin Theological Seminary. His New Testament Commentary series, later completed by Simon J. Kistemaker, covers the entire New Testament and is one of the most highly regarded Reformed commentary sets of the …

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New Testament

MAT MRK LUK JHN ACT ROM 1CO 2CO GAL EPH PHP COL 1TH 2TH 1TI 2TI TIT PHM HEB JAS 1PE 2PE 1JN 2JN 3JN JUD REV

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