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Numbers 21:30 — Word Study

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WLCוַנִּירָ֛ם אָבַ֥ד חֶשְׁבּ֖וֹן עַד־ דִּיב֑וֹן וַנַּשִּׁ֣ים עַד־ נֹ֔פַח אֲשֶׁ֖רׄ עַד־ מֵֽידְבָֽא׃

BSABut we have overthrown themyârâh [defeated, shot at] HeshbonCheshbôwn [the capital of the Amorites] is destroyedʼâbad [perished, lost] as far asʻad [till, unto] DibonDîybôwn [a town in Moab] We demolished themshâmêm [laid waste, made desolate] asʻad far as NophahNôphach [till, unto, a place in Moab, also known as Kenath] whichʼăsher [a conjunction connecting ideas] reaches toʻad [stretches out] MedebaMêydᵉbâʼ [a town in ancient Moab, meaning water of rest]

Word
Listen & take awayNumbers 21
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 30 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Mei.de.Va') — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Numbers 21:30quick helps
In a sentenceThe Israelites report their victories over the Amorites, detailing the destruction of Heshbon and the extent of their conquest.
Who is speakingThe Israelites, recounting their military successes.
Where we areIn the narrative of Israel's conquest of the Amorite territory.
The hard wordוַנִּירָ֛ם
Take awayThe Israelites have decisively defeated their enemies and claimed their land.
7 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectחֶשְׁבּוֹן verbאָבַד The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 11 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Numbers 21:30

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Conquest of the Amoritesgenerated

29Woe to you, O Moab! You are destroyed, O people of Chemosh! He gave up his sons as refugees, and his daughters into captivity to Sihon king of the Amorites.
30But we have overthrown them; Heshbon is destroyed as far as Dibon. We demolished them as far as Nophah, which reaches to Medeba. ”
31So Israel lived in the land of the Amorites.
32After Moses had sent spies to Jazer, Israel captured its villages and drove out the Amorites who were there.

Numbers 21:30 describes the Israelites' victories over the Amorites, emphasizing their military strength and the extent of their conquests. The passage highlights the destruction of Heshbon, a significant city, and the territory they claimed, which included Dibon and Nophah. This context illustrates the fulfillment of God's promise to Israel as they take possession of the land.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Genesis 49:23The archers attacked him with bitterness; they aimed at him in hostility.
22 Samuel 11:24Then the archers shot at your servants from the wall, and some of the king’s servants were killed. And your servant Uriah the Hittite is dead as well.”
3Psalm 18:14He shot His arrows and scattered the foes; He hurled lightning and routed them.
4Numbers 32:34And the Gadites built up Dibon, Ataroth, Aroer,
5Joshua 13:17to Heshbon and all its cities on the plateau, including Dibon, Bamoth-baal, Beth-baal-meon,

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word וַנִּירָ֛ם, va.ni.Ramgenerated

The verb יָרָא (*yarah*) means 'to shoot' and is used here in a military context, indicating that the Israelites have attacked or defeated their enemies. The parsing indicates a sequential imperfect form, suggesting an ongoing action in the past.

This word carries both a literal meaning of shooting and a figurative sense of directing or teaching. In this context, it emphasizes the active role of the Israelites in their military campaign.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

In this study, the verse is read in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses overthrown for וַנִּירָ֛ם.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb of the verse is וַנִּירָ֛ם, we have overthrown, which governs the subsequent clauses detailing the cities affected: חֶשְׁבּ֖וֹן and דִּיב֑וֹן. The structure emphasizes the actions taken by the Israelites and the geographical extent of their victories.

The sentence is organized with a series of prepositional phrases that specify the locations involved in the conquest, culminating in the description of Nophah and Medeba, which serves to highlight the breadth of their military success.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates וַנִּירָ֛ם as καὶ, indicating a straightforward rendering without additional interpretation. This choice reflects a direct correspondence to the Hebrew action of attacking.

The Greek word for אָבַ֥ד is ἀπολεῖται, which carries a similar meaning of destruction or loss, aligning closely with the Hebrew sense of perishing.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Numbers 21:30 recounts how the Israelites defeated the Amorites, stating that Heshbon was destroyed and that they extended their conquest to Dibon and Nophah, reaching as far as Medeba. This passage illustrates their military success and the taking of the land.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that Heshbon is destroyed?

It signifies that the city was completely defeated and no longer held by the Amorites, marking a significant victory for the Israelites.

Who were the Amorites?

The Amorites were a group of people who inhabited the land east of the Jordan River, often in conflict with the Israelites during their conquest of Canaan.

What is the significance of the cities mentioned?

Heshbon, Dibon, Nophah, and Medeba were important locations in Moab, and their conquest represented a strategic gain for the Israelites in their campaign.

How does this verse connect to the larger narrative of Israel's conquest?

This verse highlights the ongoing military successes of the Israelites as they fulfill God's promise to take possession of the land, showcasing their strength and the divine support behind their victories.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What can we learn about God's support for His people in their struggles?
  2. How does the destruction of Heshbon illustrate the consequences of opposing God's will?
  3. In what ways can we apply the concept of overcoming obstacles in our own lives?
  4. How might understanding the historical context of these cities enhance our reading of this passage?

Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Numbers 21:30 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

We have shot at them,.... Either the Amorites at the Moabites, or else the Israelites at the Amorites; for, according to Aben Ezra, these are the words of Moses, though they, with Numbers 21:29, seem

Read John Gill on Numbers 21 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Wherefore they that speak in proverbs say, Come into Heshbon, let the city of Sihon be built and prepared: Wherefore they that speak in proverbs , [ hamoshªliym (H4911)] - parables, sententious

Read Robert Jamieson on Numbers 21 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Though you feeble Moabites, and your god too, could not resist Sihon, we Israelites, by the help of our God, have shot, to wit, with success and victory, as the following words show, at them, to wit, at Sihon and his Amorites; which is easily and plainly understood, both from the foregoing and following words. Heshbon, the royal city of Sihon, and by him lately repaired, is perished, is taken away from Sihon, and so is all his territory or country, even as far as Dibon, which, as some think is called Dibon-gad, . Which reached unto Medeba, i.e. whose territory extendeth to Medeba. Or, yea, even to Medeba; for the Hebrew word asher is sometimes used for yea, or moreover, as 95:11. The sense…

Read Matthew Poole on Numbers 21 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Numbers 21:30 We have shot at them; Heshbon is perished even unto Dibon, and we have laid them waste even unto Nophah, which [reacheth] unto Medeba.Ver. 30. We have shot at them.] Great swelling words of vanity, uttered by the conquering Amorites. How much better our Henry V, who, after his victory at Agincourt, gave strait order, that no ballad or song should be made or sung, more than of thanksgiving to God for his happy victory; and that nothing that might tend to ostentation or boasting of the valiant, or cowardly act of any, should be set forth. Dan., Hist., p. 101.

Read John Trapp on Numbers 21 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(27-30) Come into Heshbon.—These verses appear to commemorate first the victory of the Amorites over the Moabites, and then that of the Israelites over the Amorites. They may be rendered thus:— “Come ye to Heshbon! Let the city of Sihon be built up and restored! For a fire went out from Heshbon— A flame from the city of Sihon: It devoured Ar (or, the city) of Moab— The lords of the high places of Arnon. Woe to thee, Moab!Thou art perished, O people of Chemosh: He (i.e., Chemosh) gave up his sons as fugitives,And his daughters into captivity,Unto Sihon, the King of the Amorites. We cast them down; Heshbon is perished even unto Dibon: Yea, we laid them waste even unto Nophah, Which (reacheth)…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Numbers 21 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

30. And we shot at them] So the Heb. text. An extremely doubtful clause, which represents a single word in the Heb. (εַ ?πִּ ?ιψָ ?ν). If it is correct, the taunt has now ceased, and the words are those of the Israelites who triumph over the Amorites. But the sudden introduction of the first person is strange, the form of the Heb. verb is unusual, and the rhythmical division of the line is disturbed. Heshbon is perished even unto Dibon] A very awkward expression, if it means that the people of all the towns from Heshbon to Dibon perished. Both these clauses require emendation. LXX. has καὶτὸσπέρμααὐτῶνἀπολεῖται, ἙσεβὼνἕωςΔαιβών, which may preserve the true reading, ‘and their posterity (εְ…

Read Cambridge on Numbers 21 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

30. Dibon — See Joshua 13:17, note. Which reacheth — Here there is supposed to be an error in the Hebrew ΰωׁ ?ψ, which, being written for ΰωׁ ςγ, with fire unto. Thus the Masoretic mark. The Seventy render it πυρεπι, fire upon.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Numbers 21 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

But we have overthrown them; Heshbon is destroyed as far as Dibon. We demolished them as far as Nophah, which reaches to Medeba. ”

WEBWorld English Bible2000

We have shot at them. Heshbon has perished even to Dibon. We have laid waste even to Nophah, Which reaches to Medeba.”

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

But we have overthrown them; Heshbon is destroyed as far as Dibon. We demolished them as far as Nophah, which reaches to Medeba.”

NETBNew English Translation2006

We have overpowered them; Heshbon has perished as far as Dibon. We have shattered them as far as Nophah, which reaches to Medeba.”

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

We have shot at them; Heshbon is perished even unto Dibon, and we have laid them waste even unto Nophah, which reacheth unto Medeba.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

We have shot at them; Heshbon is perished even unto Dibon, And we have laid waste even unto Nophah, Which reacheth unto Medeba.

RVARevised Version, American1894

We have shot at them; Heshbon is perished even unto Dibon, And we have laid waste even unto Nophah, Which reacheth unto Medeba.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

We have shot at them; Heshbon has perished even to Dibon, and we have laid them waste even to Nophah, which reacheth to Medeba.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Their empire also is lost from Heshbon vnto Dibon, and wee haue destroyed them vnto Nophah, which reacheth vnto Medeba.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And we have shot at them; Heshbon is perished even unto Dibon; and we have laid [them] waste even unto Nophah, which reacheth unto Medeba.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And we shoot them, Perished hath Heshbon unto Dibon, And we make desolate unto Nophah, Which [is] unto Medeba.'

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And we shoot them; Heshbon has perished as far as Dibon, || And we make desolate as far as Nophah, || Which [is] as far as Medeba.”

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

We have thrown them down; lost is Cheshbon even unto Dibon, and we have laid waste [all] up to Nophach, which reacheth unto Medeba.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

But we have conquered Sihon. Heshbon is devastated all the way to Dibon. We have defeated them all the way to Nophah, which reaches to Medeba.”

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Their yoke is perished from Hesebon unto Dibon, they came weary to Nophe, and unto Medaba.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

But now we have defeated the Amorites! Heshbon's rule has been destroyed all the way to Dibon. We wiped them out all the way to Nophah and on to Medeba.”

BBEBible in Basic English1949

They are wounded with our arrows; destruction has come on Heshbon, even to Dibon; and we have made the land waste as far as Nophah, stretching out to Medeba.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וַandclauseverbנִּירָ֛weobjectםshot.at.themclauseverbאָבַ֥דit.has.perishedsubjectחֶשְׁבּ֖וֹןHeshbonprepositional phrase · prepositionalעַדtoדִּיב֑וֹןDibonוַandclauseverbנַּשִּׁ֣יםwe.have.devastatedprepositional phrase · prepositionalעַדtonoun phraseנֹ֔פַחNophahrelpאֲשֶׁ֖רׄwhichclauseprepositional phrase · predicateעַד[is].toמֵֽידְבָֽאMedeba

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show a complete agreement in wording for this verse, with all words matched. However, the Samaritan Pentateuch differs in four words, notably using אבדה (perish) instead of אָבַ֥ד, indicating a variation in the understanding of the destruction.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וַנִּירָ֛ם אָבַ֥ד חֶשְׁבּ֖וֹן עַד־ דִּיב֑וֹן וַנַּשִּׁ֣ים עַד־ נֹ֔פַח אֲשֶׁ֖רׄ עַד־ מֵֽידְבָֽא׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וַנִּירָ֛םκαὶאָבַ֥דἀπολεῖταιחֶשְׁבּ֖וֹןεσεβωνעַד־ἕωςדִּיב֑וֹןδαιβωνוַנַּשִּׁ֣יםγυναῖκεςעַד־ἔτιנֹ֔פַחπροσεχέκαυσανאֲשֶׁ֖רׄπῦρעַד־ἐπὶמֵֽידְבָֽא׃μωαβ

11 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Samaritan Pentateuchthe Torah as the Samaritan community kept it

ונירם אבדה חשׁבון עד דיבון ונשׁים עד הנפח אשׁ על מידבא

4 words differ from the Masoretic Text: אבדה (perish), ה (the), אשׁ (fire), על (upon)

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Numbers 21:30יָרָאand we shotand we shot at יָרָאאָבַדit has periit has perishedאָבַדחֶשְׁבּוֹןHeshbonHeshbonחֶשְׁבּוֹןעַדtotoעַדדִּיבֹןDibonDibonדִּיבֹןשָׁמֵםand we haveand we have devשָׁמֵםעַדtotoעַדנֹ֫פַחNophahNophahנֹ֫פַחאֲשֶׁרwhichwhichאֲשֶׁרעַד[is] to[is] toעַדמֵידְבָאMedebaMedebaמֵידְבָאעַדperpetuityperpetuityעַדדּוּבto pineto pineדּוּבנָפַחto breatheto breatheנָפַחמַיWater (GatWater (Gate)מַיחֶשְׁבּוֹןexplanatioexplanationחֶשְׁבּוֹןמָתַיhowhowמָתַיעֶ֫רֶבeveningeveningעֶ֫רֶבחֵץarrowarrowחֵץתִּקְוָהcordcordתִּקְוָהשָׁמַדto destroyto destroyשָׁמַדאֶלְעָלֵאElealehElealehאֶלְעָלֵאסִיחוֹןSihonSihonסִיחוֹןעֲטָרוֹתAtarothAtarothעֲטָרוֹתקִרְיַתolder nameolder name of Hקִרְיַתשָׁרַקto whistleto whistleשָׁרַקנָוֶהpasturepastureנָוֶהצָוָהto commandto commandצָוָהמִישׁוֹרplainplainמִישׁוֹר
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Numbers 21:30

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and we shot at them it has perished Heshbon to Dibon and we have devastated to Nophah which [is] to Medeba
וַנִּירָ֛םva.ni.Ram and we shot at them H3384 Verb qal sequential imperfect first person common plural · suffix
80× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To show or teach something, like pointing it out or shooting an arrow. It is used in Psalms and Proverbs to describe instructing or directing others.
Amplified meaning
defeated, shot at
Tyndale gloss
to shoot
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word יָרָא (*yarah*) encompasses meanings related to shooting, pouring, and throwing. It can refer to actions like shooting arrows or casting water, as well as figurative uses such as teaching or directing. The entries indicate that it has both a literal and a figurative range, with roots in the idea of flowing or pointing out.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[יָרָא] vb. shoot, pour

Qal shoot with arrows

Hiph. and they shot at; Pt. pl. the shooters, archers

Hoph. he that watereth shall himself also be watered

base

יָרָה vb. throw, shoot

Qal

throw, cast

cast (= lay, set), corner-stone; pillar

shoot arrows

throw water, rain

Niph. shot through (with arrows)

Hiph.

throw, cast

shoot (arrows)

throw water, rain

point out, shew

direct, teach, instruct

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3384a יָרָא shoot, pour H3384b יָרָה throw, shoot .. throw, cast

. cast (= lay, set), corner-stone; pillar

. shoot arrows

. throw water, rain

. shot through (with arrows)

. . throw, cast

. shoot (arrows)

. throw water, rain

. point out, shew

. direct, teach, instruct

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3384 yarah yaw-raw'

or (2 Chr. 26:15) yara; {yaw-raw'}; a primitive root;

properly, to flow as water (i.e. to rain); transitively, to

lay or throw (especially an arrow, i.e. to shoot);

figuratively, to point out (as if by aiming the finger), to

teach:--(+) archer, cast, direct, inform, instruct, lay, shew,

shoot, teach(-er,-ing), through.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָרָא (ya.ra) — to shoot.

1) to shoot, pour

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to shoot arrows

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to shoot at

1b2) part. shooter, archer

1c) to throw water, rain

יָרָה (ya.rah) — to show.

1) to point out, show

1b) to direct, teach, instruct

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-1cp | Suff — Verb qal sequential imperfect first person common plural · suffix
Hc/Vqw1cp/Sp3mp
and we shot at them it has perished Heshbon to Dibon and we have devastated to Nophah which [is] to Medeba
אָבַ֥ד'a.Vad it has perished H6 Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
184× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To perish means to be destroyed or lost, whether it's a person, animal, or thing, like the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah in Genesis 19.
Amplified meaning
perished, lost
Tyndale gloss
to perish
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָבַד (abad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to perish or be lost. It encompasses a range of meanings, including dying, vanishing, and destruction, often in a moral or judgment context. The word appears in various forms in the Old Testament, with uses related to individuals, nations, and inanimate objects. The lexicons indicate that it can also imply causing something to perish or stray.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָבַד vb. perish (M I אבד, As. abâtu Dl W 184 Aram אֲבַד, Syriac).—

Qal Pf. א׳ Nu 21:30 +; אָבְדוּ ψ 10:16 + (+ Ez 6:3 𝔊 Co) etc.; Impf. יֹאבַד Jb 3:3 Je 4:9; יֹאבֵ֑ד Jb 20:7 + 2t.; 3fs. תֹּאבַד Dt 22:3 + 4t.; תֹּאבֵ֑ד Jb 8:13 + 3t.; יֹאבְדוּ Ju 5:31 + 3t.; יֹאבֵ֑דוּ Jb 4:9 +; 3fpl. וַתֹּאבַדְנָה֙ I S 9:3; תֹּאבֵדוּן Dt 4:26 +; נֹאבֵ֑ד Jon 1:6

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6 אָבַד perish .. perish, die, of individuals

. fig. perish, vanish, subj. memory

. be lost, strayed

. . cause to perish, destroy, kill

. fig. cause to vanish, blot out, do away with

. cause to stray, lose

. . destroy, put to death, in judgment

. fig. obj. name of kings; hope; voice of mirth etc.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6 'abad aw-bad'

a primitive root; properly, to wander away, i.e. lose

oneself; by implication to perish (causative,

destroy):--break, destroy(- uction), + not escape, fail,

lose, (cause to, make) perish, spend, X and surely, take, be

undone, X utterly, be void of, have no way to flee.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָבַד (a.vad) — to perish.

1) perish, vanish, go astray, be destroyed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) perish, die, be exterminated

1a2) perish, vanish (fig.)

1a3) be lost, strayed

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to destroy, kill, cause to perish, to give up (as lost), exterminate

1b2) to blot out, do away with, cause to vanish, (fig.)

1b3) cause to stray, lose

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to destroy, put to death

1c1a) of divine judgment

1c2) object name of kings (fig.)

Aramaic equivalent: a.vad (אֲבַד "to destroy" H0007)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVqp3ms
and we shot at them it has perished Heshbon to Dibon and we have devastated to Nophah which [is] to Medeba
חֶשְׁבּ֖וֹןchesh.Bon Heshbon H2809 Noun proper
38× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Heshbon was a city east of the Jordan River, serving as the capital of the Amorites under King Sihon, and later becoming part of the tribes of Reuben and Gad.
Amplified meaning
the capital of the Amorites
Tyndale gloss
Heshbon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֶשְׁבּוֹן (Cheshbown) refers to a city associated with Sihon, the king of the Amorites. It is described as a stronghold and is located east of the Jordan River, marking the boundary between the tribes of Reuben and Gad. The name suggests a connection to the concept of strength.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חֶשְׁבּוֹן n.pr.loc. of the city of Sihon king of the Amorites

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2809 חֶשְׁבּוֹן of the city of Sihon king of the Amorites

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2809 Cheshbown khesh-bone'

the same as 2808; Cheshbon, a place East of the

Jordan:--Heshbon.

see HEBREW for 02808

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֶשְׁבּוֹן (chesh.bon) — Heshbon.

§ Heshbon = "stronghold"

the capital city of Sihon, king of the Amorites, located on the western border of the high plain and on the border line between the tribes of Reuben and Gad

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hesh'-bon (cheshbon; Hesebon): The royal city of Sihon king of the Amorites, taken and occupied by the Israelites under Moses (Nu 21:25 f, etc.). It lay on the southern border of Gad (Jos 13:26), and was one of the cities fortified by Reuben (Nu 32:37). It is reckoned among the cities of Gad given to the Merarite Levites (Jos 21:39). In later literature (Isa 15:4; 16:8 f; Jer 48:2,34,45; 49:3) it is referred to as a city of Moab. It passed again into Jewish hands, and is mentioned by Josephus (Ant., XIII, xv, 4) as among their possessions in the country of Moab…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Heshbon

Intelligence, a city ruled over by Sihon, king of the Amorites (Josh. 3:10; 13:17). It was taken by Moses (Num. 21:23-26), and became afterwards a Levitical city (Josh. 21:39) in the tribe of Reuben (Num. 32:37). After the Exile it was taken possession of by the Moabites (Isa. 15:4; Jer. 48:2, 34, 45). The ruins of this town are still seen about 20 miles east of Jordan from the north end of the Dead Sea. There are reservoirs in this district, which are probably the “fishpools” referred to in Cant. 7:4.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(stronghold), the capital city of Sihon king of the Amorites. (Numbers 21:26) It stood on the western border of the high plain --Mishor, (Joshua 13:17) --and on the boundary line between the tribes of Reuben and Gad. The ruins of Hesban , 20 miles east of the Jordan, on the parallel of the northern end of the Dead Sea mark the site, as they bear the name; of the ancient Heshbon. There are many cisterns among the ruins. Comp. (Solomon 7:4)

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A celebrated city of the Amorites, twenty miles east of the mouth of the Jordan, Jos 3:10; 13:17. It was given to Reuben; but was afterwards transferred to Gad, and then to the Levites. It had been conquered from the Moabites by Sihon, and because his capital; and was taken by the Israelites a little before the death of Moses, Nu 21:25; Jos 21:39. After the ten tribes were transplanted into the country beyond the Euphrates, the Moabites recovered it, Isa 15:4; Jer 48:2,34,45. Its ruins are still called Hesban, and cover the sides of a hill seven miles north of Medeba.

and we shot at them it has perished Heshbon to Dibon and we have devastated to Nophah which [is] to Medeba
עַד־'ad- to H5704 Preposition
1,261× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means until or as far as, describing a point in time or space. It's used in the Bible to set boundaries or limits, like in Exodus when describing the Israelites' journey.
Amplified meaning
till, unto
Tyndale gloss
till
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while

prep.

of space

Of time

Of degree

conj.

until

While

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus

of space

Of time

Of degree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

. conj. . until

. While

. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5704 `ad ad

properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or

conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,

or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,

while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,

at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),

(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,

till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַד (ad) — till.

prep

1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

1a) of space

1a1) as far as, up to, even to

1b) in combination

1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)

1c) of time

1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end

1d) of degree

1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like

conj

2) until, while, to the point that, so that even

Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
and we shot at them it has perished Heshbon to Dibon and we have devastated to Nophah which [is] to Medeba
דִּיב֑וֹןdi.Von Dibon H1769 Noun proper
11× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Dibon was a town in Moab that the Israelites took over and rebuilt, as described in Numbers. It was also known as Dibon-gad when the tribe of Gad lived there. The KJV translates it as 'Dibon'.
Amplified meaning
a town in Moab
Tyndale gloss
Dibon(-gad)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דִּיבֹן (Diybown) refers to a city in Moab and a place in southern Judah. The name means 'wasting' and is associated with multiple locations in Palestine, including Dibon-gad. The entries indicate that the term is derived from a root meaning 'pining' and highlight its historical significance, particularly regarding its rebuilding by the Israelites.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דִּיבֹן, דִּיבוֹן n.pr.loc.

city in Moab

place in Judah, toward south

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1769 דִּיבֹן, דִּיבוֹן . city in Moab

. place in Judah, toward south

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1769 Diybown dee-bome'

or (shortened) Diybon {dee-bone'}; from 1727; pining:--Dibon,

the name of three places in Palestine:--Dibon. (Also, with

1410 added, Dibon-gad.)

see HEBREW for 01727

see HEBREW for 01410

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דִּיבֹן, דִּימוֹן (di.von) — Dibon.

§ Dibon = "wasting"

a town in Moab on the east side of the Jordan which was taken over by the Israelites and rebuilt by the children of Gad

דִּיבֹן (di.von) — Dibon.

§ Dibon = "wasting"

a place in south Judah reinhabited by the men of Judah after the return from captivity

דִּיבֹן (di.von) — Dibon(-gad).

Dibon = "wasting"

a town in Moab on the east side of the Jordan which was taken over by the Israelites and rebuilt by the children of Gad

Another name of di.von (דִּיבֹן, דִּימוֹן "Dibon" H1769G)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Dibon

Pining; wasting. (1.) A city in Moab (Num. 21:30); called also Dibon-gad (33:45), because it was built by Gad and Dimon (Isa. 15:9). It has been identified with the modern Diban, about 3 miles north of the Arnon and 12 miles east of the Dead Sea. (See Moabite Stone.)

(2.) A city of the tribe of Judah, inhabited after the Captivity (Neh. 11:25); called also Dimonah (Josh. 15:22). It is probably the modern ed-Dheib.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(wasting). A town on the east side of Jordan, in the rich pastoral country, which was taken possession of and rebuilt by the children of Gad. (Numbers 32:3,34) From this circumstance it possibly received the name of DIBON-GAD. (Numbers 33:45,46) Its first mention is in (Numbers 21:30) and from this it appears to have belonged originally to the Moabites. We find Dibon counted to Reuben in the lists of Joshua. (Joshua 13:9,17) In the time of Isaiah and Jeremiah, however, it was again in possession of Moab. (Isaiah 15:2; Jeremiah 48:18,22) comp. Jere 48:24 In modern times the name Dhiban has been discovered as attached to…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

DIMON, Isa 15:9, and DI-BON-GAD, Nu 33:45,46, a town of Gad, Nu 32:34, but afterwards of Reuben, Jos 13:17. It lay in a plain just north of the Arnon, and was the first encampment of the Israelites upon crossing that river. Later we find it in the hands of the Moabites, Isa 15:2 Jer 48:22. Traces of it remain at a place now called Diban.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

abundance of knowledge

and we shot at them it has perished Heshbon to Dibon and we have devastated to Nophah which [is] to Medeba
וַנַּשִּׁ֣יםva.na.Shim and we have devastated H8074 Verb · Hiphil · sequential imperfect first person common plural
86× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The word 'shamem' means to be desolate or devastated, like a place left empty and destroyed, often used to describe the aftermath of war or disaster.
Amplified meaning
laid waste, made desolate
Tyndale gloss
be desolate: destroyed
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁמֵם (shamem) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be desolated or appalled. It is built from a primitive root and encompasses a range of meanings including to stun, devastate, and cause horror. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances like being made desolate or causing desolation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שָׁמֵם] vb. be desolated, appalled

Qal

be desolated

be appalled, awestruck

Niph.

be desolated

be appalled

Pō‛.

I sat appalled

transit. appalling, causing horror

Hiph.

devastate, ravage

appal

inwardly trans., shewing horror

Hoph. all the days of (its) being desolate

Hithpō‛.

be appalled, astounded

cause oneself desolation, ruin

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8074 [שָׁמֵם] be desolated, appalled

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8074 shamem shaw-mame'

a primitive root; to stun (or intransitively, grow numb),

i.e. devastate or (figuratively) stupefy (both usually in a

passive sense):--make amazed, be astonied, (be an)

astonish(-ment), (be, bring into, unto, lay, lie, make)

desolate(-ion, places), be destitute, destroy (self), (lay,

lie, make) waste, wonder.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁמֵם (sha.mem) — be desolate: destroyed.

: destroyed/deserted

1) to be desolate, be appalled, stun, stupefy

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be desolated, be deflowered, be deserted, be appalled

1a2) to be appalled, be awestruck

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be desolated, be made desolate

1b2) to be appalled

1c) (Polel)

1c1) to be stunned

1c2) appalling, causing horror (participle)

1c2a) horror-causer, appaller (subst)

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to devastate, ravage, make desolated

1d2) to appal, show horror

1e) (Hophal) to lay desolate, be desolated

1f) (Hithpolel)

1f1) to cause to be desolate

1f2) to be appalled, be astounded

1f3) to cause oneself desolation, cause oneself ruin

שָׁמֵם (sha.mem) — be desolate: appalled.

: appalled

1) to be desolate, be appalled, stun, stupefy

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be desolated, be deflowered, be deserted, be appalled

1a2) to be appalled, be awestruck

1b) (Niphal)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-1cp — Verb · Hiphil · sequential imperfect first person common plural
Hc/Vhw1cp
and we shot at them it has perished Heshbon to Dibon and we have devastated to Nophah which [is] to Medeba
עַד־'ad- to H5704 Preposition
1,261× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means until or as far as, describing a point in time or space. It's used in the Bible to set boundaries or limits, like in Exodus when describing the Israelites' journey.
Tyndale gloss
till
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while

prep.

of space

Of time

Of degree

conj.

until

While

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus

of space

Of time

Of degree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

. conj. . until

. While

. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5704 `ad ad

properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or

conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,

or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,

while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,

at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),

(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,

till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַד (ad) — till.

prep

1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

1a) of space

1a1) as far as, up to, even to

1b) in combination

1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)

1c) of time

1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end

1d) of degree

1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like

conj

2) until, while, to the point that, so that even

Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
and we shot at them it has perished Heshbon to Dibon and we have devastated to Nophah which [is] to Medeba
נֹ֔פַחNo.fach Nophah H5302 Noun proper
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Nophach refers to a place in Moab, also known as Kenath, meaning blast. It is mentioned in the Bible as a location. The name is associated with a strong wind or blast.
Amplified meaning
till, unto, a place in Moab, also known as Kenath
Tyndale gloss
Nophah
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נֹ֫פַח (Nophach) refers to a place in Moab, noted for its meaning related to a 'blast.' It is derived from the root word for 'gust' and appears in Numbers 21:30. The entries consistently identify it as a proper noun without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נֹ֫פַח appar. n.pr.loc. Nu 21:30

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5302 נֹ֫פַח

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5302 Nophach no'-fakh

from 5301; a gust; Nophach, a place in Moab:--Nophah.

see HEBREW for 05301

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נֹ֫פַח (no.phach) — Nophah.

Nophah = "blast"

a place in Moab

Another name of qe.nat (קְנָת "Kenath" H7079)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

no'-fa (nophach; the Septuagint does not transliterate): A city mentioned only in Nu 21:30 (see NOBAH). Septuagint reads: kai hai gunaikes eti prosexekausan pur epi Moab, "and the women besides (yet) kindled a fire at (against) Moab." The text has evidently suffered corruption.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Nophah

Blast, a city of Moab which was occupied by the Amorites (Num. 21:30).

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

fearful; binding

Nave's Topical Bible

→ A city of Sihon Nu 21:30

and we shot at them it has perished Heshbon to Dibon and we have devastated to Nophah which [is] to Medeba
אֲשֶׁ֖רׄ'a.Sher which H834 Particle
5,500× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Amplified meaning
a conjunction connecting ideas
Tyndale gloss
which
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.

base

בַאֲשֶׁר

in (that) which

adv. in (the place) where

conj. in that, inasmuch as

on account of whom?

base

מֵאֲשֶׁר

from (or than) that which

adv. from (the place) where

conj. from (the fact) that …, since

base

כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when

according to that which, according as, as

with a causal force, in so far as, since

with a temporal force, when

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which

. adv. in (the place) where

. conj. in that, inasmuch as

. on account of whom?

H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which

. adv. from (the place) where

. conj. from (the fact) that …, since

H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as

. with a causal force, in so far as, since

. with a temporal force, when

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

834 'aher ash-er'

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)

when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X

alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +

from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,

wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where

(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +

whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is

indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun

expletively, used to show the connection.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.

A: 1) (relative part.)

1a) which, who

1b) that which

2) (conj)

2a) that (in obj clause)

2b) when

2c) since

2d) as

2e) conditional if

B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

D: Kaph+

1) (conj.), according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since

1c) with a temporal force: when

בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.

1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.

1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.

conj

1) according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Rel — Particle
HTr
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and we shot at them it has perished Heshbon to Dibon and we have devastated to Nophah which [is] to Medeba
עַד־'ad- [is] to H5704 Preposition
1,261× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means until or as far as, describing a point in time or space. It's used in the Bible to set boundaries or limits, like in Exodus when describing the Israelites' journey.
Amplified meaning
stretches out
Tyndale gloss
till
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while

prep.

of space

Of time

Of degree

conj.

until

While

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus

of space

Of time

Of degree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

. conj. . until

. While

. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5704 `ad ad

properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or

conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,

or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,

while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,

at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),

(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,

till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַד (ad) — till.

prep

1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

1a) of space

1a1) as far as, up to, even to

1b) in combination

1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)

1c) of time

1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end

1d) of degree

1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like

conj

2) until, while, to the point that, so that even

Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
and we shot at them it has perished Heshbon to Dibon and we have devastated to Nophah which [is] to Medeba
מֵֽידְבָֽא׃Mei.de.Va' Medeba H4311 Noun proper
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Medeba was a town in ancient Moab, assigned to the tribe of Reuben and located near Heshbon. Its name means water of rest, and it is still a place today, about 4 miles southwest of Heshbon.
Amplified meaning
a town in ancient Moab, meaning water of rest
Tyndale gloss
Medeba
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מֵידְבָא (Meydba') refers to a city in Moab, known as Medeba, which means 'water of quiet' or 'water of rest.' It is located southwest of Heshbon and was assigned to the tribe of Reuben. The entries consistently describe it as a significant location, particularly in the context of its historical and geographical relevance.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֵידְבָא n.pr.loc. city in Moab—assigned to Reuben; meeting-place of Ammonites

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4311 מֵידְבָא city in Moab

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4311 Meydba' may-deb-aw'

from 4325 and 1679; water of quiet; Medeba, a place in

Palestine:--Medeba.

see HEBREW for 04325

see HEBREW for 01679

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֵידְבָא (me.de.va) — Medeba.

§ Medeba = "water of rest"

a town in Moab assigned to Reuben and located 4 miles (6 km) southwest of Heshbon; still extant

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

med'-e-ba (medhebha'; Maidaba, Medaba): The name may mean "gently flowing water," but the sense is doubtful. This city is first mentioned along with Heshbon and Dibon in an account of Israel's conquests (Nu 21:30). It lay in the Mishor, the high pastoral land of Moab. The district in which the city stood is called the Mishor or plain of Medeba in the description of the territory assigned to Reuben (Jos 13:9), or the plain by Medeba (Jos 13:16). Here the Ammonites and their Syrian allies put the battle in array against Joab, and were signally defeated (1Ch 19:7). This must have left the place definitely in the possession of Israel. But it must have changed hands several…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Medeba

Waters of quiet, an ancient Moabite town (Num. 21:30). It was assigned to the tribe of Reuben (Josh. 13:16). Here was fought the great battle in which Joab defeated the Ammonites and their allies (1 Chr. 19:7-15; comp. 2 Sam. 10:6-14). In the time of Isaiah (15:2) the Moabites regained possession of it from the Ammonites. (See HANUN.)

The ruins of this important city, now Madeba or Madiyabah, are seen about 8 miles south-west of Heshbon, and 14 east of the Dead Sea. Among these are the ruins of what must have been a large temple, and of three cisterns of considerable extent, which are now dry. These cisterns may have originated the name Medeba, “waters of quiet.” (See…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(water of rest), a town on the eastern side of Jordan, first alluded to in (Numbers 21:30) Here it seems to denote the limit of the territory of Heshbon. It next occurs in the enumeration of the country divided among the transjordanic tribes, (Joshua 13:9) as giving its name to a district of level downs called "the Mishor of Medeba" or "the Mishor on Medeba." At the time of the conquest Medeba belonged to the Amorites, apparently one of the towns taken from Moab by them. In the time of Ahaz Medeba was a sanctuary of Moab. (Isaiah 15:2) It has retained its name down, our own times, and lies four miles southeast of Heshbon, on it rounded but rocky hill.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A town east of the Jordan in the tribe of Reuben, Jos 13:9,16. Near it the army of David gained a great victory, 1Ch 19:7. Long afterwards, it fell again into the hands of the Moabites its ancient masters, Nu 21:30; Isa 15:2. Its ruins, on rising ground a few miles southeast of Heshbon, still retain the old name.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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