Job 15:28 — Word Study
WLCוַיִּשְׁכּ֤וֹן׀ עָ֘רִ֤ים נִכְחָד֗וֹת בָּ֭תִּים לֹא־ יֵ֣שְׁבוּ לָ֑מוֹ אֲשֶׁ֖ר הִתְעַתְּד֣וּ לְגַלִּֽים׃
BSAhe will dwellshâkan▸ [live, reside, or stay] in ruinedkâchad [desolate, abandoned, or cut off] citiesʻîyr [towns, or populated areas] in abandonedlôʼ [uninhabited, or deserted] housesbayith [homes, or dwelling places] destinedʻâthad■ [prepared, or ready] to become rubblegal [turn into, or be reduced to, heaps, or piles of stones]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיִּשְׁכּ֤וֹן׀ | and he dwelt | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| עָ֘רִ֤ים | cities | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| נִכְחָד֗וֹת | destroyed | Verb, Niphal, participle (active) feminine plural |
| בָּ֭תִּים | houses | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| לֹא־ | [which] not | Particle |
| יֵ֣שְׁבוּ | people will dwell | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| לָ֑מוֹ | themselves | Preposition, suffix |
| אֲשֶׁ֖ר | which | Particle |
| הִתְעַתְּד֣וּ | they are destined | Verb, Hithpael, perfect third person common plural |
| לְגַלִּֽים׃ | for heaps of stones | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | he will dwell in ruined cities, in abandoned houses destined to become rubble. |
| KJV | And he dwelleth in desolate cities, and in houses which no man inhabiteth, which are ready to become heaps. |
| ASV | And he hath dwelt in desolate cities, In houses which no man inhabited, Which were ready to become heaps; |
| YLT | And he inhabiteth cities cut off, houses not dwelt in, That have been ready to become heaps. |
| WEB | He has lived in desolate cities, in houses which no one inhabited, which were ready to become heaps. |
| BBE | And he has made his resting-place in the towns which have been pulled down, in houses where no man had a right to be, whose fate was to become masses of broken walls. |
Where they part company is in the description of the cities and houses — see How Translations Differ.
One main clause with two phrases that add detail about the dwelling and its surroundings.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbשָׁכַן
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 15:28
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Fate of the Wickedgenerated
Job 15:28 is part of a larger discourse where Eliphaz explains the consequences faced by the wicked. He emphasizes that those who turn away from God will find themselves in desolate places, devoid of life and prosperity. This reflects a common theme in the wisdom literature of the Old Testament, where the outcomes of righteousness and wickedness are contrasted.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Job 3:14 | with kings and counselors of the earth, who built for themselves cities now in ruins, |
| 2 | Job 18:15 | Fire resides in his tent; burning sulfur rains down on his dwelling. |
| 3 | Isaiah 5:8–10 | Woe to you who add house to house and join field to field until no place is left and you live alone in the land. |
| 4 | Micah 7:18 | Who is a God like You, who pardons iniquity and passes over the transgression of the remnant of His inheritance— who does not retain His anger forever, because He delights in loving devotion? |
| 5 | Jeremiah 9:11 | “And I will make Jerusalem a heap of rubble, a haunt for jackals; and I will make the cities of Judah a desolation, without inhabitant.” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — וַיִּשְׁכּ֤וֹן, vai.yish.Kongenerated
The verb שָׁכַן (shakan) means to dwell or reside, indicating a sense of permanence in a location. It carries the idea of making a home or resting place, often used in contexts where God dwells among His people.
In this verse, it suggests that the individual will find a home in places that are not only ruined but also abandoned, highlighting the stark contrast between the intended purpose of a city and its current desolation.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb וַיִּשְׁכּ֤וֹן (and he dwelt) governs the sentence, indicating the action of dwelling. The structure follows with several noun phrases describing the locations of this dwelling: ruined cities and abandoned houses.
The Hebrew word order emphasizes the desolation by placing the descriptions of the cities and houses immediately after the verb, creating a vivid image of the bleakness of the surroundings.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates וַיִּשְׁכּ֤וֹן as ἔσται (he will be), which shifts the focus slightly from the act of dwelling to the state of being in desolation. This choice reflects a broader interpretation of the Hebrew text.
The Greek word ἐρήμους for נִכְחָד֗וֹת indicates a state of emptiness or desolation, aligning closely with the Hebrew meaning but emphasizing the absence of life.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 15:28 describes how a person will live in cities that have become ruins and in houses that are empty. It warns of the fate of those who are wicked, showing that they will end up in desolate places instead of prosperous ones.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
To dwell in ruined cities suggests living in places that are no longer thriving or inhabited, representing a life of desolation and abandonment.
The houses are described as abandoned to illustrate the consequences of wickedness, where once lively homes are now empty and desolate.
Being destined for rubble indicates a finality to the destruction, emphasizing that these places will not return to their former glory.
This verse relates to the theme of justice by illustrating the ultimate fate of the wicked, contrasting their current state with the blessings of the righteous.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does it mean to you to dwell in a place that has been abandoned or ruined?
- How can we reflect on the consequences of our actions in light of this verse?
- In what ways do you see desolation in the world around you today?
- How can this verse encourage us to seek a life that avoids such desolation?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentators like Gregory the Dialogist and Olympiodorus of Alexandria reflect on this verse's implications about the fate of the wicked and the nature of desolation.
Ver. 28. And he dwelleth in desolate communities, and in deserted houses, which are become heaps. For as a 'community' has its name from the intercourse of persons living together in common,Early Church Fathers on Job 15 →
He describes the absolute solitude of the impious and says that because of their misery, they inhabit desolation instead of prosperous cities and houses. “In fact,” Eliphaz says, “their wealth will not last.”Early Church Fathers on Job 15 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 15:28 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd he dwelleth in desolate cities,.... This is either a continuation of the account of the wicked man's prosperity, which makes him haughty; such is his might and power, that he destroys cities and
Read John Gill on Job 15 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd he dwelleth in desolate cities, and in houses which no man inhabiteth, which are ready to become heaps.
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 15 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHe dwelleth in desolate cities: these words may note either, 1. His tyranny and cruelty, whereby he makes the places of his abode and dominion desolate by his frequent murders, spoils, and oppressions, wherewith he destroyeth great numbers of his people, and forceth others to flee out of his reach. Or, 2. His pride, and power, and wealth; which enabled and engaged him to build desolate houses and cities for his own glory, and safety, and conveniency; of which See Poole "". Or, 3. His punishment and misery; that for his impiety towards God, and oppression of men, he was driven out of his dominions and possessions, and forced to flee into desolate places for safety and a habitation. This…
Read Matthew Poole on Job 15 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 15:28 And he dwelleth in desolate cities, [and] in houses which no man inhabiteth, which are ready to become heaps.Ver. 28. And he dwelleth in desolate cities] Such as had been before desolated, but are now by him edified again, to get him a name and a renown amongst men, and to make himself formidable, as those do who build themselves strongholds upon high rocks, as if they would wage war against heaven, Ad numinis contemptum et hominum terrorem (Merlin). Peradventure, saith Diodati here, he meaneth those kings of violent empires, who repaired or built great cities after the deluge, as Nimrod, Ashur, and others, Genesis 10:8 Job 3:14 Isaiah 23:13, and raised themselves upon other men’…
Read John Trapp on Job 15 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(28) Which are ready to become heaps.—This completes the description of the haughty tyrant. He dwelt in cities that are to be desolate, or that are desolate, which are ready to become heaps. This may point either to what they were in his intention, or to what he had made them, or to what, in the opinion of the speaker, they were likely to become, notwithstanding his having fortified and dwelt in them.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 15 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 28. He dwelleth in desolate cities] It is sometimes the fate of a tyrant to be obliged to take up his habitation in some of those cities which have been ruined by his wars, and in a house so ruinous as to be ready to fall into heaps. Ancient and modern history afford abundance of examples to illustrate this.
Read AdamClarke on Job 15 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges28. and he dwelleth] and he dwelt. which no man inhabiteth] which should not be inhabited. are ready to become] which were destined to be heaps. The idea seems to be that the wicked man settled in and rebuilt places that were under the curse of God, and destined by Him for perpetual desolation. Such places in the East are those on which God’s judgment has fallen because of some great wickedness perpetrated there. To settle in and rebuild such ruins indicates the extreme of impiety, cf. Deuteronomy 13:13 seq.; Joshua 6:26; 1 Kings 16:34.
Read Cambridge on Job 15 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd he dwelleth - Or rather, “therefore he shall dwell.” As a consequence of his opposing God, and devoting himself to a life of sensuality and ease, he shall dwell in a desolate place.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 15 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
he will dwell in ruined cities, in abandoned houses destined to become rubble.
He has lived in desolate cities, in houses which no one inhabited, which were ready to become heaps.
he will dwell in ruined cities, in abandoned houses destined to become rubble.
he lived in ruined towns and in houses where no one lives, where they are ready to crumble into heaps.
Tyndale line
And he dwelleth in desolate cities, and in houses which no man inhabiteth, which are ready to become heaps.
And he hath dwelt in desolate cities, In houses which no man inhabited, Which were ready to become heaps;
And he hath dwelt in desolate cities, in houses which no man inhabited, which were ready to become heaps.
And he dwelleth in desolate cities, and in houses which no man inhabiteth, which are ready to become heaps.
Though he dwell in desolate cities, and in houses which no man inhabiteth, but are become heapes,
Strictly literal
And he dwelleth in desolate cities, in houses that no man inhabiteth, which are destined to become heaps.
And he inhabiteth cities cut off, houses not dwelt in, That have been ready to become heaps.
And he inhabits cities cut off, houses not dwelt in, || That have been ready to become heaps.
And he dwelt in abandoned cities, in houses which none inhabited, which were destined to be ruinous heaps.
and has lived in desolate cities; in houses which no man inhabits now and which were ready to become heaps.
From the Latin
He hath dwelt in desolate cities, and in desert houses that are reduced into heaps.
Simplified
But their cities will become desolate; they will live in abandoned houses that are crumbling into ruins.
And he has made his resting-place in the towns which have been pulled down, in houses where no man had a right to be, whose fate was to become masses of broken walls.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with eight of the ten words matching. This consistency indicates a shared understanding of the desolate state described in the verse, though the Septuagint's word order and phrasing differ.
וַיִּשְׁכּ֤וֹן׀ עָ֘רִ֤ים נִכְחָד֗וֹת בָּ֭תִּים לֹא־ יֵ֣שְׁבוּ לָ֑מוֹ אֲשֶׁ֖ר הִתְעַתְּד֣וּ לְגַלִּֽים׃
8 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 15:28
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שָׁכַן (shakan) is a Hebrew verb meaning to settle down, abide, or dwell. It encompasses various forms of residing, both literally and figuratively, and includes nuances of establishing or causing to dwell. The entries indicate its use in different grammatical forms, such as Qal, Piel, and Hiphil, which express actions related to dwelling and establishing habitation.
שָׁכַן, שָׁכֵ֑ן 129 vb. settle down, abide, dwell
Qal
settle down to abide
abide, dwell
Pi.
make settle down, establish
make to dwell
Hiph.
lay
cause birds to settle
cause to dwell
base
H7931 שָׁכַן, שָׁכֵ֑ן settle down, abide, dwell
7931 shakan shaw-kan'
a primitive root (apparently akin (by transmission) to 7901
through the idea of lodging; compare 5531, 7925); to reside or
permanently stay (literally or figuratively):--abide,
continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-er), have habitation,
inhabit, lay, place, (cause to) remain, rest, set (up).
see HEBREW for 05531
see HEBREW for 07925
שָׁכַן (sha.khan) — to dwell.
1) to settle down, abide, dwell, tabernacle, reside
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to settle down to abide
1a2) to abide, dwell, reside
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to make settle down, establish
1b2) to make or cause to dwell
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to lay, place, set, establish, settle, fix
1c2) to cause to dwell or abide
Aramaic equivalent: she.khan (שְׁכֵן "to dwell" H7932)
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
The Hebrew word עִיר (*'iyr*) has meanings related to both excitement and city. It can denote excitement, particularly of terror or rage, as well as refer to a city or town, indicating a place that is guarded or inhabited. The entries suggest a broad application, from fortified cities to simple encampments. There is a specific mention of a man named Ir in 1 Chronicles 4:12.
עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage
base
עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town
city, town, abode of men
of fortress in a city
appar. fortified place, of any size
base
H5892a עִיר excitement;—of terror; of rage H5892b עִיר city, town . city, town, abode of men
. of fortress in a city
. appar. fortified place, of any size
5892 `iyr eer
or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4)
{aw-yar'}; from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a
watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or
post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.
see HEBREW for 05782
עִיר (ir) — excitement.
1) excitement, anguish
1a) of terror
עִיר (ir) — city.
1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town
עִיר (ir) — City (of On).
Combined with on (אֹן "On" H0204)
This name means city, town
Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)
עִיר (ir) — Ir-.
#A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.12;
son of: Tehinnah (H8468)
N-fp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
The earliest notice in Scripture of city-building is of Enoch by Cain, in the land of his exile. (Genesis 4:17) After the confusion of tongues the descendants of Nimrod founded Babel, Erech, Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar, and Asshur, a branch from the same stock, built Nineveh, Rehoboth-by-the-river, Calah and Resen, the last being "a great city." The earliest description of a city, properly so called, is that of Sodom, (Genesis 19:1-22) Even before the time of Abraham there were cities in Egypt, (Genesis 12:14,15; Numbers 13:22) and the Israelites, during their sojourn there, were employed in building or fortifying the "treasure cities" of Pithom and Raamses.…
כָּחַד (kachad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to hide or conceal. It can also imply destruction or desolation, with various forms indicating actions like being hidden (Niphal) or actively hiding (Hiphil). The entries highlight its use in different contexts, but do not provide specific verse references.
[כָּחַד] vb. not in Qal; Pi. Hiph. hide, efface; Niph. (usu.) pass.
Niph.
be hidden
be effaced, destroyed
Pi. hide
Hiph.
hide
efface, annihilate
base
H3582 [כָּחַד] not in Qal; Pi. Hiph. hide, efface; Niph. (usu.) pass.
3582 kachad kaw-khad'
a primitive root; to secrete, by act or word; hence
(intensively) to destroy:--conceal, cut down (off), desolate,
hide.
כָּחַד (ka.chad) — to hide.
1) to hide, conceal, cut off, cut down, make desolate, kick
1a) (Niphal)
1a1) to be hidden
1a2) to be effaced, be destroyed, be cut off
1b) (Piel) to cover, hide
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to hide
1c2) to efface, annihilate
V-Niphal — Verb · Niphal · participle (active) feminine pluralHVNrfpa
The Hebrew word בַּיִת (*bayith*) means 'house' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including dwelling, family, and place. It can refer to physical structures, such as homes and temples, as well as metaphorical uses like the body or household affairs. The word is built from the root related to 'between' and appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament.
בֵּית fem. of בַּיִן, בֵּין prep. between
base
בַּ֫יִת 2034 n.m. house
house
place
receptacle
of house as containing a family
household, family (592 t.)
house, including household affairs
lit. housewards, hence metaph. inwards
מִבַּיִת
adv. on the inside
prep. within
base
H1004a בֵּית fem. of בַּיִן, בֵּין prep. between H1004b בַּ֫יִת house
1004 bayith bah'-yith
probably from 1129 abbreviated; a house (in the greatest
variation of applications, especially family, etc.):--court,
daughter, door, + dungeon, family, + forth of, X great as
would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter)house(-hold),
inside(-ward), palace, place, + prison, + steward, + tablet,
temple, web, + within(-out).
see HEBREW for 01129
בֵּית (bet) — place.
nm
place, origin, between
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — house: home.
: home/temple/building
nm
1) house
1a) house, dwelling habitation
1b) shelter or abode of animals
1c) human bodies (fig.)
1d) of Sheol
1e) of abode of light and darkness
1f) of land of Ephraim
2) place
3) receptacle
4) home, house as containing a family
5) household, family
5a) those belonging to the same household
5b) family of descendants, descendants as organized body
6) household affairs
7) inwards (metaph.)
8) (TWOT) temple
adv
9) on the inside
prep
10) within
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth-(ashbea).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
Combined with ash.be.a (אַשְׁבֵּעַ "Ashbea" H0791)
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth (Haggan).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
Combined with hag (גַּן "Haggan" H1588)
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth-(togarmah).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'
לֹא or לוֹא adv. not
base
H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not
3808 lo' lo
or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often
used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,
ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,
no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out
of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +
of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.
לֹא (lo) — not.
1) not, no
1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)
1b) not (with modifier-negation)
1c) nothing (subst)
1d) without (with particle)
1e) before (of time)
Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Part — ParticleHTn
יָשַׁב (yashab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to sit, remain, or dwell. It encompasses a range of actions from simply sitting down to more complex ideas like establishing a home or causing a place to be inhabited. The entries indicate various forms, including Qal (to sit), Niphal (to be inhabited), and Hiphil (to cause to dwell). There is an Aramaic equivalent, יְתִב (ye.tiv), meaning 'to dwell'.
יָשַׁב 1090 vb. sit, remain, dwell
Qal
sit
sit, sit down
sit down
sit = be set (as a jewel)
remain, stay, tarry
with special emphasis of qualifying phr.
dwell, have one’s abode
of a land or city, sit, abide, seated in its place, fig. for be inhabited
Niph. be inhabited, of land
Pi. and they shall set their encampments in thee
Hiph.
cause to sit
cause to abide
cause to dwell
cause cities to be inhabited
marry (prop. give a dwelling to)
Hoph. and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land
base
H3427 יָשַׁב sit, remain, dwell
3427 yashab yaw-shab'
a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as
judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to
remain; causatively, to settle, to marry:--(make to)
abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease
self, endure, establish, X fail, habitation, haunt, (make to)
inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, X marry(-ing),
(bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(- tle),
(down-)sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate),
take, tarry.
יָשַׁב (ya.shav) — to dwell.
1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to sit, sit down
1a2) to be set
1a3) to remain, stay
1a4) to dwell, have one's abode
1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited
1c) (Piel) to set, place
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to sit
1d2) to cause to abide, set
1d3) to cause to dwell
1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited
1d5) to marry (give an dwelling to)
1e) (Hophal)
1e1) to be inhabited
1e2) to make to dwell
Aramaic equivalent: ye.tiv (יְתִב "to dwell" H3488)
HVqi3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp
dwel:
(1) In the Old Testament "dwell" is a translation of 9 words, of which by far the most frequent is yashabh, "to sit down," translated "dwell" over 400 times (Ge 4:20; Jos 20:4; 1Ch 17:1,4,5, etc.); also very frequently "sit," and sometimes "abide," "inhabit," "remain." Another word often rendered "dwell" is shakhan or shakhen ("to settle down"), from which is derived the rabbinic word shekhinah (literally, "that which dwells"), the light on the mercy-seat which symbolized the Divine presence (Ex 25:8, etc.). In order to avoid appearing to localize the Divine Being, wherever God is said to "dwell" in a place, the Targum renders that He "causes His Shekinah to dwell"…
Dwell
Tents were in primitive times the common dwellings of men. Houses were afterwards built, the walls of which were frequently of mud (Job 24:16; Matt. 6:19, 20) or of sun-dried bricks.
God “dwells in light” (1 Tim. 6:16; 1 John 1:7), in heaven (Ps. 123:1), in his church (Ps. 9:11; 1 John 4:12). Christ dwelt on earth in the days of his humiliation (John 1:14). He now dwells in the hearts of his people (Eph.…
הֶם (hem) — them.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural
HR/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3mp
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
HTr — ParticleHTr
עָתֹד (athad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be ready or to prepare. It can denote making something fit or ready, with usages in the Piel form indicating an active preparation and in the Hithpael form suggesting a state of being prepared. The entries highlight its application in contexts related to readiness and preparation.
[עָתֹד] vb. be ready
Pi. and make it ready i.e. thy work
Hithp. which [houses] were prepared (destined) for (i.e. to be) heaps of ruins.
base
H6257 עָתֹד, עָתַד
6257 `athad aw-thad'
a primitive root; to prepare:--make fit, be ready to become.
עָתֹד (a.tad) — be ready.
1) to be ready, make ready, prepare
1a) (Piel) to make ready
1b) (Hithpael) to be prepared
V-Hithpael-Perf-3cp — Verb · Hithpael · perfect third person common pluralHVtp3cp
גַּל (gal) refers to a heap or pile, often of stones or dung, and can also denote waves or billows, particularly in a poetic context. It is derived from a root meaning something rolled and can signify a spring of water. The word is used in various contexts, including the ratification of covenants and metaphorically to describe the chastisement of Jehovah.
גַּל n.m. heap, wave, billow
heap of stones
waves (rollers) poet.
spring
base
H1530 גַּל heap, wave, billow
1530 gal gal
from 1556; something rolled, i.e. a heap of stone or dung
(plural ruins), by analogy, a spring of water (plural
waves):--billow, heap, spring, wave.
see HEBREW for 01556
גַּל (gal) — heap.
: heap/pile
1) heap, spring, wave, billow
1a) heap (of stones)
1a1) over dead body
1a2) alone
1a3) used in ratifying a covenant
1b) waves (fig. of chastisement of Jehovah)
1c) spring
Also means: gal (גַּל ": wave" H1530H)
גַּל (gal) — heap: wave.
: wave
1) heap, spring, wave, billow
1a) heap (of stones)
1a1) over dead body
1a2) alone
1a3) used in ratifying a covenant
1b) waves (fig. of chastisement of Jehovah)
1c) spring
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHR/Ncmpa
Besides the ordinary uses to which stones were applied, we may mention that large stones were set up to commemorate any remarkable event. (Genesis 28:18; 35:14; 31:45; Joshua 4:9; 1 Samuel 7:12) Such stones were occasionally consecrated By anointing. (Genesis 28:18) Heaps of stones were piled up on various occasions, as in token of a treaty, (Genesis 31:47) or over the grave of some notorious offender. (Joshua 7:26; 8:29; 2 Samuel 18:17) The "white stone" noticed in (