Job 10:17 — Word Study
WLCתְּחַדֵּ֬שׁ עֵדֶ֨יךָ׀ נֶגְדִּ֗י וְתֶ֣רֶב כַּֽ֭עַשְׂךָ עִמָּדִ֑י חֲלִיפ֖וֹת וְצָבָ֣א עִמִּֽי׃
BSAYou produce newchâdash▸ [renew, restore] witnessesʻêd [testifiers, accusers] against meneged and multiplyrâbâh▸ [increase, grow] Your angerkaʻaç [vexation, frustration] toward meʻimmâd Hardshipstsâbâʼ [changes, warfare] assault meʻim [attack, oppress] in wave after wavechălîyphâh [army, campaign, succession, repetition]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| תְּחַדֵּ֬שׁ | you renew | Verb, Piel, imperfect second person masculine singular |
| עֵדֶ֨יךָ׀ | witnesses your | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| נֶגְדִּ֗י | before me | Suffix |
| וְתֶ֣רֶב | and you increase | Conjunction, verb hiphil jussive second person masculine singular |
| כַּֽ֭עַשְׂךָ | vexation your | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| עִמָּדִ֑י | with me | Preposition, suffix |
| חֲלִיפ֖וֹת | changes | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| וְצָבָ֣א | and an army | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| עִמִּֽי׃ | [are] with me | Preposition, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | You produce new witnesses against me and multiply Your anger toward me. Hardships assault me in wave after wave. |
| KJV | Thou renewest thy witnesses against me, and increasest thine indignation upon me; changes and war are against me. |
| ASV | Thou renewest thy witnesses against me, And increasest thine indignation upon me: Changes and warfare are with me. |
| YLT | Thou renewest Thy witnesses against me, And dost multiply Thine anger with me, Changes and warfare [are] with me. |
| WEB | You renew your witnesses against me, and increase your indignation on me. Changes and warfare are with me. |
| BBE | That you would send new witnesses against me, increasing your wrath against me, and letting loose new armies on me. |
The translations agree here, reflecting a consistent understanding of Job's lament and the nature of his suffering.
The structure consists of a main clause followed by two subordinate phrases, emphasizing the compounding nature of Job's distress.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbחָדַשׁ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 10:17
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Job's Lamentgenerated
Job 10:17 captures Job's anguish as he feels God is bringing forth new witnesses against him, intensifying His anger, while he is beset by relentless hardships. This passage illustrates Job's deep sense of injustice and his plea for understanding amidst his suffering. The surrounding verses show Job grappling with the meaning of his existence and the reasons for his pain, further emphasizing his emotional turmoil.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Job 16:8 | You have bound me, and it has become a witness; my frailty rises up and testifies against me. |
| 2 | Ruth 1:21 | I went away full, but the LORD has brought me back empty. Why call me Naomi? After all, the LORD has testified against me, and the Almighty has afflicted me.” |
| 3 | Psalm 55:19 | God will hear and humiliate them— the One enthroned for the ages— Selah because they do not change and they have no fear of God. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 48:11 | Moab has been at ease from youth, settled like wine on its dregs; he has not been poured from vessel to vessel or gone into exile. So his flavor has remained the same, and his aroma is unchanged. |
| 5 | Zephaniah 1:12 | And at that time I will search Jerusalem with lamps and punish the men settled in complacency, who say to themselves, ‘The LORD will do nothing, either good or bad.’ |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — תְּחַדֵּשׁ, te.cha.Deshgenerated
The verb חָדַשׁ (chadash) means to renew or repair, indicating an action of making something new again. In this context, it suggests that God is introducing new accusations against Job, which adds to his distress.
The Piel form of this verb indicates a more intensive action, highlighting the severity of Job's situation as he feels overwhelmed by these new witnesses. The idea of renewal here is not positive; it compounds Job's suffering, as he perceives these witnesses as adversaries.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verbs תְּחַדֵּשׁ and תֶ֣רֶב govern the main clauses, with the first verb indicating the action of God and the second describing the increase of anger. The structure emphasizes Job's perspective of being under attack.
The sentence is constructed with a series of phrases that build on each other, illustrating the compounding nature of Job's distress through new accusations and increasing hardships.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates תְּחַדֵּשׁ as ἐπανακαινίζων, which carries the sense of renewing or restoring. This choice reflects a broader interpretation, suggesting not just the introduction of new witnesses but an active renewal of Job's suffering.
This translation indicates an interpretation that sees God's actions as not merely punitive but also as a form of renewal in Job's life, albeit a painful one.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 10:17 shows Job feeling overwhelmed by new accusations from God and the increasing anger he perceives. He describes how hardships come at him like waves, illustrating his sense of being under constant attack.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Job refers to new accusations or testimonies against him, which he feels are unjust and add to his suffering.
He uses the metaphor of waves to describe the relentless and overwhelming nature of his troubles.
Job's plea highlights his deep sense of injustice and desire for understanding from God regarding his suffering.
This verse encapsulates Job's struggle with divine justice and human suffering, central themes throughout the Book of Job.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I felt overwhelmed by circumstances in my life, similar to Job's experience?
- How can I find hope amidst feelings of accusation or hardship?
- What does it mean to me that God is aware of my struggles, even when I feel attacked?
- How can I support others who are experiencing waves of hardship like Job?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Gregory the Dialogist interprets this verse in his work, discussing the implications of God's witnesses and Job's suffering.
Thou renewest Thy witnesses against me, and multipliest Thy wrath: and pains war in me. HISTORICAL INTERPRETATION For 'God's witnesses' are they, who bear witness by the practice of holy works,Early Church Fathers on Job 10 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 10:17 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThou renewest thy witnesses against me,.... Not the devils, as some, nor Job's friends, as others; but rather afflictions, which were daily renewed, and frequently repeated, new troubles coming
Read John Gill on Job 10 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThou renewest thy witnesses against me, and increasest thine indignation upon me; changes and war are against me. Thou renewest thy witnesses against me.
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 10 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThy witnesses, i.e. thy judgments, which are the witnesses and evidences, both of my sins, and of thy wrath. Thy indignation, i.e. my miseries, the effects of thine anger. These words are added to explain what he meant by renewing witnesses. Changes and war; or, changes and an army; which may be a figure called hendiadis, for the changes of an army, i.e. many miseries succeeding one another, like companies of the soldiers of an army in battle; or changes may note the various kinds, and an army the great numbers, of his afflictions.
Read Matthew Poole on Job 10 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 10:17 Thou renewest thy witnesses against me, and increasest thine indignation upon me; changes and war [are] against me.Ver. 17. Thou renewest thy witnesses against me] These fresh witnesses were devils, say some; Job’ s friends, say others; his dolorous sufferings rather, saith Austin; those open witnesses of some secret wickedness in Job, as the world would esteem them. See Job 16:8 Rth 1:21. Thus the Jews censured our Saviour, Isaiah 53:3-4; the barbarians Paul, Acts 28:4; and those in the Gospel them that perished by the fall of the tower of Siloam. And how many precious men as well as Job have been cast upon this evidence for traitors and rebels against the highest majesty? Junius…
Read John Trapp on Job 10 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(17) Thou renewest thy witnesses against me.—Some understand this of the sores on Job’s person, which his friends regarded as witnesses—proofs of his guilt; but it seems more probable that the figure is forensic: “Thou still bringest fresh witnesses against me, and multipliest thine anger against me, so that relays of them, even a host, are against me; for they come upon me host after host—these witnesses of Thine anger, the ministers of Thy vengeance.” The sublimity of this indictment against God is only equalled by the sense of terrific awe with which one reads it. The language is Job’s, and so far has the sanction of Holy Writ; but we may surely learn therefrom the condescension as well…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 10 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 17. Thou renewest thy witnesses] In this speech of Job he is ever referring to trials in courts of judicature, and almost all his terms are forensic. Thou bringest witnesses in continual succession to confound and convict me. Changes and war] I am as if attacked by successive troops; one company being wearied, another succeeds to the attack, so that I am harassed by continual warfare.
Read AdamClarke on Job 10 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges17. thou renewest] wouldst renew. Similarly, and increase. All the verbs in these verses (Job 10:14-17) are to be translated from the point of view of God’s intention cherished beforehand with regard to Job. This intention has, of course, been carried out, and has been fulfilled in Job’s present condition, and this condition supplies the colours in which the intention is painted. God’s “witnesses” are His plagues and afflictions, as the margin explains, which testified to Job’s guilt, cf. ch. Job 16:8. changes and war are against me] Or, changes and a host with me. The words are either an exclamation, in which the preceding statements of Job 10:17 are summed up; or are in apposition to…
Read Cambridge on Job 10 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThou renewest thy witnesses against me - Margin, “that is, plagues.” The Hebrew is, “thy witnesses” - עדיך ‛ēdeykā. So the Vulgate. The Septuagint is, “renewing against me my examination,” τὴνἐξέτασίνμου tēn ecetasin mou.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 10 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
You produce new witnesses against me and multiply Your anger toward me. Hardships assault me in wave after wave.
You renew your witnesses against me, and increase your indignation on me. Changes and warfare are with me.
You produce new witnesses against me and multiply Your anger toward me. Hardships assault me in wave after wave.
You bring new witnesses against me, and increase your anger against me; relief troops come against me.
Tyndale line
Thou renewest thy witnesses against me, and increasest thine indignation upon me; changes and war are against me.
Thou renewest thy witnesses against me, And increasest thine indignation upon me: Changes and warfare are with me.
Thou renewest thy witnesses against me, and increasest thine indignation upon me; changes and warfare are with me.
Thou renewest thy witnesses against me, and increasest thy indignation upon me; changes and war are against me.
Thou renuest thy plagues against me, and thou increasest thy wrath against me: changes and armies of sorowes are against me.
Strictly literal
Thou renewest thy witnesses before me and increasest thy displeasure against me; successions [of evil] and a time of toil are with me.
Thou renewest Thy witnesses against me, And dost multiply Thine anger with me, Changes and warfare [are] with me.
You renew Your witnesses against me, and multiply Your anger with me, || Changes and warfare [are] with me.
Thou ever renewest thy witnesses against me, and causest thy indignation to grow strong against me; changes and multitudes [of sufferings] are around me.
You bring new witnesses against me and increase your anger against me; you attack me with fresh armies.
From the Latin
Thou renewest thy witnesses against me, and multipliest thy wrath upon me, and pains war against me.
Simplified
You repeat your arguments against me, you pour out more and more of your anger against me, you send fresh armies against me.
That you would send new witnesses against me, increasing your wrath against me, and letting loose new armies on me.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree on the wording of this verse, with eight of the nine words matched. The Septuagint's rendering, while different in structure, conveys a similar meaning, emphasizing Job's plight.
תְּחַדֵּ֬שׁ עֵדֶ֨יךָ׀ נֶגְדִּ֗י וְתֶ֣רֶב כַּֽ֭עַשְׂךָ עִמָּדִ֑י חֲלִיפ֖וֹת וְצָבָ֣א עִמִּֽי׃
8 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 10:17
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
חָדַשׁ (chadash) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be new, renew, or repair. It is primarily used in the Piel and Hithpael forms, indicating actions like making something new or renewing oneself. The entries emphasize the idea of renewal and restoration, with a notable example of renewal likened to the rejuvenation of youth, as seen in the phrase about eagles.
[חָדַשׁ] vb. only Pi. (and Hithp.) renew, repair
Pi.
renew, make anew
repair
Hithp. thy youth reneweth itself, like the eagle.
base
H2318 [חָדַשׁ] only Pi. (and Hithp.) renew, repair
2318 chadash khaw-dash'
a primitive root; to be new; causatively, to rebuild:--renew,
repair.
חָדַשׁ (cha.dash) — to renew.
1) to be new, renew, repair
1a) (Piel)
1a1) to renew, make anew
1a2) to repair
1b) (Hithpael) to renew oneself
V-Piel-Imperf-2ms — Verb · Piel · imperfect second person masculine singularHVpi2ms
re-nu': The word is used in various senses:
(1) of material things, e.g. Ps 104:30; here it means to give a new appearance, to refresh, to restore the face of the earth;
(2) in 1Sa 11:14, to establish more firmly the kingdom by reinstalling King Saul;
(3) in 2Ch 15:8, to rebuild or repair the broken altar;
עֵד (ed) means 'witness' and encompasses both the act of witnessing and the person who testifies. It is derived from a root suggesting emphatic affirmation. The term can refer to evidence of things or to individuals providing testimony.
עֵד 69 n.m. witness (prob. fr. reiterating, hence emphatically affirming)
witness, testimony, evidence, of things
witness, a person
base
H5707 עֵד witness (prob. fr. reiterating, hence emphatically affirming) . witness, testimony, evidence, of things
. witness, a person
5707 `ed ayd
contracted from 5749 ; concretely, a witness; abstractly,
testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e. prince:--witness.
see HEBREW for 05749
עֵד (ed) — witness.
1) witness
1a) witness, testimony, evidence (of things)
1b) witness (of people)
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp2ms
נֶ֫גֶד (neged) refers to something that is conspicuous or in front, functioning as both a noun and an adverb. It denotes a position opposite or before someone, often used to indicate presence or visibility. The word can imply a counterpart or mate, and it appears in contexts emphasizing sight or proximity.
נֶ֫גֶד 151 subst. what is conspicuous or in front, always as adv. or prep. in front of, in sight of, opposite to
base
H5048 נֶ֫גֶד subst. what is conspicuous or in front, always as adv. or prep. in front of, in sight of, opposite to
5048 neged neh'-ghed
from 5046; a front, i.e. part opposite; specifically a
counterpart, or mate; usually (adverbial, especially with
preposition) over against or before:--about, (over) against,
X aloof, X far (off), X from, over, presence, X other side,
sight, X to view.
see HEBREW for 05046
נֶ֫גֶד (ne.ged) — before.
subst
1) what is conspicuous, what is in front of
adv
2) in front of, straight forward, before, in sight of
3) in front of oneself, straightforward
4) before your face, in your view or purpose
with prep
5) what is in front of, corresponding to
6) in front of, before
7) in the sight or presence of
8) parallel to
9) over, for
10) in front, opposite
11) at a distance
prep
12) from the front of, away from
13) from before the eyes of, opposite to, at a distance from
14) from before, in front of
15) as far as the front of
Aramaic equivalent: ne.ged (נֶ֫גֶד "before" H5049)
Prep | Suff — SuffixHAcmsc/Sp1bs
רָבָה (rabah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to increase or multiply, encompassing ideas of becoming great, numerous, or abundant. It has various forms, including Qal (to become many), Piel (to make large), and Hiphil (to make much). The word also appears in a context related to shooting in Genesis 21:20. There is a noted Aramaic equivalent, רְבָה.
[רָבָה] 225 vb. be, or become, much, many, great
Qal 59
become many, numerous
be great
grow great (Aramaism)
Pi. 4 make large, increase
Hiph. 162
H7235a רָבָה be, or become, much, many, great .. become many, numerous
. . be great
. grow great (Aramaism)
. make large, increase
. . make much or many
. make great, obj. pers.
H7235b רָבָה shoot
7235 rabah raw-baw'
a primitive root; to increase (in whatever respect):--(bring
in) abundance (X -antly), + archer (by mistake for 7232), be
in authority, bring up, X continue, enlarge, excel,
exceeding(-ly), be full of, (be, make) great(-er, -ly,
X -ness), grow up, heap, increase, be long, (be, give, have,
make, use) many (a time), (any, be, give, give the, have) more
(in number), (ask, be, be so, gather, over, take, yield) much
(greater, more), (make to) multiply, nourish, plenty(-eous), X
process (of time), sore, store, thoroughly, very.
see HEBREW for 07232
רָבָה (ra.vah) — to multiply.
1) be or become great, be or become many, be or become much, be or become numerous
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to become many, become numerous, multiply (of people, animals, things)
1a2) to be or grow great
1b) (Piel) to make large, enlarge, increase, become many
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to make much, make many, have many
1c1a) to multiply, increase
1c1b) to make much to do, do much in respect of, transgress greatly
1c1c) to increase greatly or exceedingly
1c2) to make great, enlarge, do much
Aramaic equivalent: re.vah (רְבָה "to grow great" H7236)
רָבָה (ra.vah) — to shoot.
(Qal) to shoot
Conj | V-Hiphil-Juss-2ms — Conjunction · verb hiphil jussive second person masculine singularHC/Vhj2ms
in'-kres, (noun), in-kres' (verb): Employed in the English Bible both as verb and as noun, and in both cases to represent a number of different words in the original. As a verb it is used in the ordinary sense of the term. As a noun it is usually used of plant life, or of the herds and flocks, to denote the fruitage or the offspring; more rarely of money, to denote the interest. As examples of the different terms translated by this word, students who read Hebrew or Greek may compare De 7:22; Pr 16:21; Job 10:16 the King James Version; Job 12:23; Nu 18:30; De 7:13…
כַּ֫עַס (ka.as) refers to feelings of vexation and anger, encompassing grief and provocation. It is derived from a root that suggests a sense of irritation or sorrow. The word appears in contexts relating to both human and divine emotions, indicating a range of feelings from frustration to wrath.
כַּ֫עַס n.m. vexation, anger
base
כַּ֫עַשׂ n.m.
vexation, grief
vexation, anger
base
H3708a כַּ֫עַס vexation, anger H3708b כַּ֫עַשׂ . vexation, grief
. vexation, anger
3708 ka`ac kah'-as
or (in Job) kaoas {kah'-as}; from 3707; vexation: -anger,
angry, grief, indignation, provocation, provoking, X sore,
sorrow, spite, wrath.
see HEBREW for 03707
כַּ֫עַס (ka.as) — vexation.
anger, vexation
Also means: ka.as (כַּ֫עַשׂ "vexation" H3708B)
כַּ֫עַשׂ (ka.as) — vexation.
1) anger, vexation, provocation, grief
1a) vexation
1a1) of men
1a2) of God
1b) vexation, grief, frustration
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp2ms
The Hebrew word עִם (*im*) means 'with' and is used to indicate companionship, aid, or joint actions. It can also imply opposition in contexts of contest or combat. The entries suggest a range of meanings, including proximity, possession, and metaphorical uses, such as 'in spite of.' There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.
עִם prep. with
of fellowship and companionship
of aid
Of actions done jointly with another
If the common action be of the nature of a contest or combat, with in the sense of against
Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another
Of a common lot together with the wicked
Of equality or resemblance generally aid
Of time, as long as
Of a locality, close to, beside
Of persons, עִם is spec.
in the house or family or service of
In possession of
In the custody or care of
Beside = except
With = friendly with
Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one
Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding
base
H5978 עִם with
5978 `immad im-mawd'
prol. for 5973; along with:--against, by, from, + me, +
mine, of, + that I take, unto, upon, with(-in.)
see HEBREW for 05973
עִמָּדִי (im.mad) — with me.
with
A grammatical form of im (עִם "with" H5973A)
§ 1) with
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs
חֲלִיפָה (chaliyphah) refers to a change or replacement, often associated with garments or life circumstances. It encompasses various meanings, including a change of raiment, relays, and even a figurative sense of relief from death. The term suggests the idea of alternation or substitution, reflecting a broader concept of change in life.
[חֲלִיפָה] n.f. a change (from the idea of replacing, changing, substituting)
change of raiment
relays
revival after death, under fig. of relief from milit. service
changing, varying, of course of life
base
H2487 [חֲלִיפָה] a change (from the idea of replacing, changing, substituting)
2487 chaliyphah khal-ee-faw'
from 2498; alternation:--change, course.
see HEBREW for 02498
חֲלִיפָה (cha.li.phah) — change.
1) a change, change (of garments), replacement
1a) change (of raiment)
1b) relays
1c) relief (from death)
1d) changing, varying (course of life)
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
The Hebrew word צָבָא (*tsaba'*) primarily means 'army' or 'warfare,' encompassing organized groups for battle, divine hosts, and even celestial bodies. It can also refer to service or duty in a military context. The term appears in various forms, including צְבָאוֹת (*tsaba'ot*), which denotes the 'hosts' of the Lord, particularly in relation to God's role in warfare.
צָבָא 485 n.m. army, war, warfare
army, host
war, warfare, service
service
צְבָאוֹת, in name of י׳ as God of war, prob. first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older)
base
H6635a צָבָא army, war, warfare . army, host
. war, warfare, service
. service
H6635b צְבָאוֹת army, war, warfare . army, host
. war, warfare, service
. service
. צְבָאוֹת, in name of י׳ as God of war, prob. first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older)
6635 tsaba' tsaw-baw'
or (feminine) tsbadah {tseb-aw-aw'}; from 6633; a mass of
persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized
for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or
figuratively (specifically, hardship, worship):--appointed
time, (+) army, (+) battle, company, host, service, soldiers,
waiting upon, war(-fare).
see HEBREW for 06633
צָבָא (tsa.va) — army.
: army
1) that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host
1a) army, host
1a1) host (of organised army)
1a2) host (of angels)
1a3) of sun, moon, and stars
1a4) of whole creation
1b) war, warfare, service, go out to war
1c) service
צָבָא (tsa.va) — Hosts.
The Hosts (of the Lord)
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
צָבָא (tsa.va) — army: war.
: war
1) that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host
1a) army, host
1a1) host (of organised army)
1a2) host (of angels)
1a3) of sun, moon, and stars
1a4) of whole creation
1b) war, warfare, service, go out to war
1c) service
צָבָא (tsa.va) — army: duty.
: duty
1) that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host
1a) army, host
1a1) host (of organised army)
1a2) host (of angels)
1a3) of sun, moon, and stars
1a4) of whole creation
1b) war, warfare, service, go out to war
1c) service
Conj | N-cs — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
ar'-mi (chayil, "army," tsabha', "host," ma`arakhah, "army in battle array" gedhudh, "troop"):
1. The First Campaign of History
2. In the Wilderness
3. The Times after the Conquest
4. In the Early Monarchy
5. From the Time of Solomon Onward
6. Organization of the Hebrew Army
7. The Army in the Field
8. The Supplies of the Army
9. In the New Testament
The Israelites were not a distinctively warlike people and their glory has been won on other fields than those of war. But Canaan, between the Mediterranean and the desert, was the highway of the East and the battle-ground of nations. The Israelites were, by the necessity of their geographical position, often involved in wars not of their own seeking, and their bravery and endurance even when worsted in their conflicts won for them the admiration and respect of their conquerors.
1. The First Campaign of History:
Army
The Israelites marched out of Egypt in military order (Ex. 13:18, “harnessed;” marg., “five in a rank”). Each tribe formed a battalion, with its own banner and leader (Num. 2:2; 10:14). In war the army was divided into thousands and hundreds under their several captains (Num. 31:14), and also into families (Num. 2:34; 2 Chr. 25:5; 26:12). From the time of their entering the land of Canaan to the time of the kings, the Israelites made little progress in military affairs, although often engaged in warfare. The kings introduced the custom of maintaining a bodyguard (the Gibborim; i.e., “heroes”), and thus the nucleus of…
I. JEWISH ARMY.--Every man above 20 years of age was a soldier, (Numbers 1:3) each tribe formed a regiment, with its own banner and its own leader (Numbers 2:2; 10:14) their positions in the camp or on the march were accurately fixed, Numb. 2; the whole army started and stopped at a given signal, (Numbers 10:5,6) thus they came up out of Egypt ready for the fight. (Exodus 13:18) On the approach of an enemy a conscription was made from the general body, under the direction of a muster-master, (20:5; 2 Kings 25:19) by whom also the officers were appointed. (20:9) The army had then divided into thousands and hundreds under…
עִם (im) is a preposition meaning 'with' and covers a range of relationships, including companionship, locality, and possession. It can imply actions done jointly, equality, or even opposition in contexts like combat. The related form מֵעִם (me.im) means 'from with' or 'beside.' The entries reflect various nuances but do not present significant disagreement.
עִם prep. with
of fellowship and companionship
of aid
Of actions done jointly with another
If the common action be of the nature of a contest or combat, with in the sense of against
Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another
Of a common lot together with the wicked
Of equality or resemblance generally aid
Of time, as long as
Of a locality, close to, beside
Of persons, עִם is spec.
in the house or family or service of
In possession of
In the custody or care of
Beside = except
With = friendly with
Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one
Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding
base
מֵעִם 72 from with or beside
base
H5973a עִם with . of fellowship and companionship
. Of a locality, close to, beside
. Of persons, עִם is spec. . in the house or family or service of
. In possession of
. In the custody or care of
. Beside = except
. With = friendly with
. Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one
. Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding
H5973b מֵעִם from with, beside
5973 `im eem
from 6004; adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction
with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with;
often with prepositional prefix (and then usually
unrepresented in English):--accompanying, against, and, as (X
long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from
(among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-)to,
with(-al).
see HEBREW for 06004
עִם (im) — with.
1) with
1a) with
1b) against
1c) toward
1d) as long as
מֵעִם (me.im) — from with.
1a) beside, except
1b) in spite of
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs
