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Job 19:6 — Word Study

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WLCדְּֽעוּ־ אֵ֭פוֹ כִּי־ אֱל֣וֹהַּ עִוְּתָ֑נִי וּ֝מְצוּד֗וֹ עָלַ֥י הִקִּֽיף׃

BSAthenʼêphôw [at this point, now] understandyâdaʻ thatkîy it is Godʼĕlôwahh [Eloah, the one true deity] who has wronged meʻâvath [perverted, twisted] aroundnâqaph meʻal [upon, above, and enclosing me]

Word
Listen & take awayJob 19
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 6 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (hi.Kif) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Job 19:6quick helps
In a sentenceJob acknowledges his suffering and asserts that God is the one who has wronged him.
Who is speakingJob, expressing his deep distress and confusion.
Where we areIn a lament where Job confronts his friends about their accusations.
The hard wordעִוְּתָ֑נִי
Take awayJob feels trapped and wronged by God.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectאֱלֹוהַּ verbיָדַע The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Job 19:6

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Job's Lamentgenerated

5If indeed you would exalt yourselves above me and use my disgrace against me,
6then understand that it is God who has wronged me and drawn His net around me.
7Though I cry out, ‘Violence!’ I get no response; though I call for help, there is no justice.
8He has blocked my way so I cannot pass; He has veiled my paths with darkness.

Job 19:6 captures Job's plea amidst his suffering, as he calls for understanding regarding his plight. He feels wronged by God and expresses his anguish over the perceived injustice he faces. This verse is part of a larger discourse where Job grapples with the accusations of his friends and seeks to clarify his relationship with God, emphasizing his innocence in the face of their judgments.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Job 7:20If I have sinned, what have I done to You, O watcher of mankind? Why have You made me Your target, so that I am a burden to You ?
2Job 16:11–14God has delivered me to unjust men; He has thrown me to the clutches of the wicked.
3Psalm 44:9–14But You have rejected and humbled us; You no longer go forth with our armies.
4Psalm 66:10–12For You, O God, have tested us; You have refined us like silver.
5Job 18:8–10For his own feet lead him into a net, and he wanders into its mesh.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 9 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word יָדַע, de.'u-generated

The Hebrew verb יָדַע (yada`) means 'to know,' encompassing a wide range of meanings such as perception, recognition, and experience. In this imperative form, Job urges his listeners to understand his situation, emphasizing the need for awareness and acknowledgment of his suffering.

This word is foundational in Hebrew thought, often relating to knowledge that comes from experience or relationship. Job's use of it here is a call to recognize the truth of his circumstances and the role of God in his affliction.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which has understand for the imperative יָדַע. Other translations, such as the KJV and ASV, also use know, maintaining the imperative tone.

Where they part company is in the rendering of אֵפוֹ. The BSB uses then, while others like the ASV and KJV opt for now, indicating a slight difference in temporal emphasis.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb דְּֽעוּ (know) governs the entire verse, with the subject אֱל֣וֹהַּ (God) following it, indicating who has wronged Job. The structure emphasizes Job's call for his listeners to recognize the truth of his suffering.

The sentence unfolds with Job's imperative followed by a causal clause introduced by כִּי־ (that), linking his understanding to the actions of God, and concluding with a description of his entrapment.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יָדַע as γνῶτε (gnōte), which also means 'to know' but carries a slightly different nuance in Greek, often implying a deeper or more philosophical understanding.

This choice reflects a broader interpretation of Job's plea, suggesting a call not just for awareness but for a profound recognition of divine justice in his suffering.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Job 19:6 expresses Job's anguish as he calls for understanding from his friends regarding his suffering. He asserts that it is God who has wronged him and surrounded him with troubles, highlighting his feeling of entrapment and injustice.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does Job mean when he says God has wronged him?

Job feels that God has treated him unjustly, leading to his suffering and despair, which he struggles to understand.

How does Job's plea for understanding relate to his friends' accusations?

Job's call for understanding emphasizes his innocence and challenges the assumptions made by his friends about his suffering being a result of sin.

What is the significance of the word 'know' in this context?

The word 'know' signifies a deeper awareness and recognition of the truth of Job's situation, urging his friends to see beyond their judgments.

How does Job's expression of feeling trapped relate to the overall theme of the book?

Job's feeling of entrapment reflects the broader theme of suffering and the quest for justice and understanding in the face of divine silence.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I experienced feelings of injustice in my life, and how can I articulate them like Job?
  2. How can I better understand the suffering of others and respond with compassion rather than judgment?
  3. What does it mean to me to recognize God's role in my circumstances, both good and bad?
  4. How can I seek deeper understanding in my relationship with God during difficult times?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

The early church fathers referenced this verse to discuss the nature of suffering and divine justice, highlighting Job's plea for understanding amidst his trials.

Gregory the DialogistMorals on the Book of Job, Book XIV c. 540–604
Know now at least that God hath afflicted me with no just judgment. O, how hard does the voice of the righteous man sound, suffering under the infliction of the rod! Which same, however, not pride,
Early Church Fathers on Job 19 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Job 19:6 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Know now that God hath overthrown me,.... He would have them take notice that all his afflictions were from the hand of God; and therefore should take care to what they imputed any acts of his, whose

Read John Gill on Job 19 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Know now that God hath overthrown me, and hath compassed me with his net. Compassed ... net - alluding to Bildad's words (Job 18:8).

Read Robert Jamieson on Job 19 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Know now; consider what I am now saying. Hath overthrown me; hath grievously afflicted me in all kinds; therefore it ill becomes you to aggravate my miseries; and if my passions, hereby raised, have broken forth into some extravagant and unmeet expressions, I might expect your pity and favourable construction, and not such severe censures and reproaches. Heb. God hath perverted me, i.e. either my state or condition, as was now said, or my right and cause. He oppresseth me with power, and will not give me a fair hearing, as it follows, . He giveth me very hard measure, and dealeth worse with me than I might in reason and justice expect from so wise and good a God. This is a harsh reflection…

Read Matthew Poole on Job 19 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Job 19:6 Know now that God hath overthrown me, and hath compassed me with his net.Ver. 6. Know that God hath overthrown me] Do not you therefore add affliction to the afflicted, which is so odious a thing to God, Psalms 41:2; Psalms 69:26; but regard the greatness of mine evils, which draw these complaints from me that seem so immoderate to you. See Job 6:2 (Diodati). And hath compassed me with his net] Hath encompassed me round with affliction, that I can get out no way. A hunting term, Job 10:16 Lamentations 1:13 Ezekiel 12:13 Hosea 7:12. Bildad had made much mention of nets and gins, wherein God ensnareth and ensnarleth the wicked, Job 18:8-9. Job granteth that God’ s net had encompassed…

Read John Trapp on Job 19 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(6) Know now that God hath overthrown me.—Bildad had spoken a great deal about the wicked being snared by his own sin, and now Job, without actually quoting his words—for he uses a word for net that Bildad had not used—speaks to their substance. It is God who has taken him in His net and compassed him about therewith. This is the assertion he has made before (Job 16:7; Job 13:27, &c.).

Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 19 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 6. Know now that God hath overthrown me] The matter is between him and me, and he has not commissioned you to add reproaches to his chastisements. And hath compassed me with his net.] There may be an allusion here to the different modes of hunting which have been already referred to in the preceding chapter. But if we take the whole verse together, and read the latter clause before the former, thus, "Know, therefore, that God hath encompassed me with his net, and overthrown me;" the allusion may be to an ancient mode of combat practised among the ancient Persians, ancient Goths, and among the Romans. The custom among the Romans was this: "One of the combatants was armed with a sword…

Read AdamClarke on Job 19 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

6. Know now] Or, as we say, know then. The word God is emphatic. overthrown me] More probably, perverted my right (Job 19:7); this, not his guilt, is the explanation of his afflictions. By his reference to the “net” of God Job repudiates the statements of Bildad, ch. Job 18:8 seq.; it was not his own feet that led him into the net, God had thrown it about him.

Read Cambridge on Job 19 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Know now that God - Understand the case; and in order that they might, he goes into an extended description of the calamities which God had brought upon him.

Read Albert Barnes on Job 19 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

then understand that it is God who has wronged me and drawn His net around me.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

know now that God has subverted me, and has surrounded me with his net.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

then understand that it is God who has wronged me and drawn His net around me.

NETBNew English Translation2006

know then that God has wronged me and encircled me with his net.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Know now that God hath overthrown me, and hath compassed me with his net.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Know now that God hath subverted me in my cause, And hath compassed me with his net.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Know now that God hath subverted me in my cause, and hath compassed me with his net.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Know now that God hath overthrown me, and hath encompassed me with his net.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Know nowe, that God hath ouerthrowen me, and hath compassed me with his net.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Know now that God hath overthrown me, and hath surrounded me with his net.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Know now, that God turned me upside down, And His net against me hath set round,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Know now, that God turned me upside down, || And has set around His net against me,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Then know for certain that God hath bent me down, and hath laid his net all around me.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

then you should know that God has done wrong to me and has caught me in his net.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

At least now understand, that God hath not afflicted me with an equal judgment, and compassed me with his scourges.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

But you should realize that it's God who has wronged me, he has trapped me in his net.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Be certain that it is God who has done me wrong, and has taken me in his net.

Word by word, the decisions they made

אֵ֭פוֹ'e.fo then H645 2 different renderings
nowASV DBY DRA KJV LSV NWB RVA WEB YLT
thenBSB ILT MSB NETB ULB

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbדְּֽעוּknowadverbialאֵ֭פוֹthenclause · objectכִּי(dm).thatclauseclausesubjectאֱל֣וֹהַּGodverbעִוְּתָ֑heobjectנִיhas.subverted.meוּ֝andclausenoun phrase · objectמְצוּד֗netוֹhisprepositional phrase · prepositionalעָלַ֥overיmeverbהִקִּֽיףhe.has.closed

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree on the wording of Job 19:6, with six of the eight Hebrew words matched in the Greek translation. This consistency indicates a shared understanding of Job's lament across these texts.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

דְּֽעוּ־ אֵ֭פוֹ כִּי־ אֱל֣וֹהַּ עִוְּתָ֑נִי וּ֝מְצוּד֗וֹ עָלַ֥י הִקִּֽיף׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
דְּֽעוּ־γνῶτεאֵ֭פוֹοὖνכִּי־ὅτιוּ֝מְצוּד֗וֹαὐτοῦעָלַ֥יἐμὲהִקִּֽיף׃ὕψωσεν

6 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Job 19:6יָדַעknowknowיָדַעאֵפוֹthenthenאֵפוֹכִּיthatthatכִּיאֱלֹהַּGodGodאֱלֹהַּעָוַתhe has wronhe has wronged עָוַתמָצוֹדand net hisand net hisמָצוֹדעַלover meover meעַלנָקַףhe has closhe has closedנָקַףפֹּהherehereפֹּהאֵלgodgodאֵלצוּדto huntto huntצוּדעַלheightheightעַלשַׁדַּיAlmightyAlmightyשַׁדַּיאֲנִיIIאֲנִיבִּיןto understto understandבִּיןתִּקְוָהcordcordתִּקְוָהאַיֵּהwhere?where?אַיֵּהיָדַעto knowto knowיָדַערֵעַneighborneighborרֵעַתָּקַןbe straighbe straightתָּקַןאָחַזto graspto graspאָחַזרַעbad: harmfbad: harmfulרַעכִּפֶּרto atoneto atoneכִּפֶּרכִּסֵּאthronethroneכִּסֵּאפַּ֫עַםbeatbeatפַּ֫עַםעֶשֶׂרtentenעֶשֶׂר
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Job 19:6

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

know then that God he has wronged me and net his over me he has closed
דְּֽעוּ־de.'u- know H3045 Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine plural
945× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for to know means to ascertain by seeing, and is used in many senses, including to learn, perceive, and recognize, as seen in various KJV translations.
Tyndale gloss
to know
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָדַע (yada`) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to know,' encompassing a wide range of senses including perception, recognition, and experience. It can refer to knowing someone intimately or being skilled in a task. The word has various forms, indicating actions such as making known or being made known. Lexicons note its use in both literal and figurative contexts, but there is no significant disagreement among them.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָדַע 943 vb. know

Qal

know, learn to know

perceive

perceive and see; find out and discern

discriminate, distinguish

know by experience

recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess

consider

not know = not expect

know a person, be acquainted with

know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse

know how, to do a thing, be able to do it

be skilful in

abs. have knowledge, be wise

Niph.

be made known, be or become known, of things

make oneself known of pers.

be perceived

be instructed

Pi. cause to know

Pu. known

Hiph. make known, declare

Hoph. made known

Hithp. make oneself known

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3045 יָדַע know .. . know, learn to know

. perceive

. perceive and see; find out and discern

. discriminate, distinguish

. know by experience

. recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess

. consider

. not know = not expect

. know a person, be acquainted with

. know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse

. . know how, to do a thing, be able to do it

. be skilful in

. abs. have knowledge, be wise

. . be made known, be or become known, of things

. make oneself known of pers.

. be perceived

. be instructed

. cause to know

. known

. make known, declare

. made known

. make oneself known

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3045 yada` yaw-dah'

a primitive root; to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing);

used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally,

euphemistically and inferentially (including observation,

care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation,

punishment, etc.) (as follow):--acknowledge, acquaintance(-ted

with), advise, answer, appoint, assuredly, be aware,

(un-)awares, can(-not), certainly, comprehend, consider, X

could they, cunning, declare, be diligent, (can, cause to)

discern, discover, endued with, familiar friend, famous, feel,

can have, be (ig-)norant, instruct, kinsfolk, kinsman, (cause

to let, make) know, (come to give, have, take) knowledge, have

(knowledge), (be, make, make to be, make self) known, + be

learned, + lie by man, mark, perceive, privy to, X

prognosticator, regard, have respect, skilful, shew, can (man

of) skill, be sure, of a surety, teach, (can) tell,

Read the full entry →
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָדַע (ya.da) — to know.

1) to know

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to know

1a1a) to know, learn to know

1a1b) to perceive

1a1c) to perceive and see, find out and discern

1a1d) to discriminate, distinguish

1a1e) to know by experience

1a1f) to recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess

1a1g) to consider

1a2) to know, be acquainted with

1a3) to know (a person carnally)

1a4) to know how, be skilful in

1a5) to have knowledge, be wise

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be made known, be or become known, be revealed

1b2) to make oneself known

1b3) to be perceived

1b4) to be instructed

1c) (Piel) to cause to know

1d) (Poal) to cause to know

1e) (Pual)

1e1) to be known

1e2) known, one known, acquaintance (participle)

1f) (Hiphil) to make known, declare

1g) (Hophal) to be made known

1h) (Hithpael) to make oneself known, reveal oneself

Aramaic equivalent: ye.da (יְדַע "to know" H3046)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Impv-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine plural
HVqv2mp
know then that God he has wronged me and net his over me he has closed
אֵ֭פוֹ'e.fo then H645 Particle
15× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is used to point to a specific time or place, often translated as then or now. In Genesis 26:22, Isaac uses this word to mark the time when he finally finds success and prosperity.
Amplified meaning
at this point, now
Tyndale gloss
then
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵפוֹ ('ephow) is a demonstrative particle primarily meaning 'then' or 'now.' It can indicate time or serve as an interrogative. The entries consistently describe its use in contexts of time, such as 'here' or 'where,' but do not provide any significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵפוֹ, elsewh. אֵפוֹא enclitic part. then

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H645 אֵפוֹ, elsewh. אֵפוֹא then

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

645 'ephow ay-fo'

or hephowe {ay-fo'}; from 6311; strictly a demonstrative

particle, here; but used of time, now or then:--here, now,

where?

see HEBREW for 06311

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵפוֹ (e.pho) — then.

1) then, now, so

1a) (who) then, (what) then (with interrog)

1b) then (with imperative-i.e. know then)

1c) if...then (with adv)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adv — Particle
HTj
know then that God he has wronged me and net his over me he has closed
כִּי־ki- that H3588 Particle
4,483× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Tyndale gloss
for
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי conj. that, for, when

that

Of time, when, of the past

elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

Because, since

base

כִּי אם־

each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:

that if

for if

(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—

limiting the prec. clause, except

the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

after an oath, surely

base

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that

. . Of time, when, of the past

. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

. Because, since

H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if

. for if

. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except

. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

. after an oath, surely

H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3588 kiy kee

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional

prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent

or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative

conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by

other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,

where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,

even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +

nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,

therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,

whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כִּי (ki) — for.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if

1f) but rather, but

1g) except that

1h) only, nevertheless

1i) surely

1j) that is

1k) but if

1l) for though

1m) forasmuch as, for therefore

כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.

1) except if

1a) but if

1b) even though

כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj — Particle
HTc
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
know then that God he has wronged me and net his over me he has closed
אֱל֣וֹהַּ'e.Lo.ah God H433 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
57× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Eloah refers to God or a deity, and is used to describe the one true God or false gods. It is often translated as God in the KJV, and is related to the word Elohim, which also refers to God.
Amplified meaning
Eloah, the one true deity
Tyndale gloss
god
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֱלֹהַּ (*'elowahh*) refers to a deity or the Deity, translating to 'God' or 'god.' It is derived from a root meaning 'to be strong' and can also denote a false god. The term appears in various contexts, including ancient poetry and references to heathen gods.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֱלֹהַּ 67; elsewhere אֱלוֹהַּ n.m. god, God

a heathen god, late usage

God, used in ancient poems

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H433 אֱלֹהַּ; elsewhere אֱלוֹהַּ god, God

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

433 'elowahh el-o'-ah; rarely (shortened) >eloahh {el-o'-ah

probably prolonged (emphat.) from 410; a deity or the

Deity:--God, god. See 430.

see HEBREW for 0410

see HEBREW for 0430

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֱלֹהַּ (e.lo.ah) — god.

1) God

2) false god

Aramaic equivalent: e.lah (אֱלָהּ "god" H0426)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

god ('Elohim, 'El, [`Elyon], Shadday, Yahweh; Theos):

I. INTRODUCTION TO THE GENERAL IDEA

1. The Idea in Experience and in Thought

2. Definition of the Idea

3. The Knowledge of God

4. Ethnic Ideas of God

(1) Animism

(2) Fetishism

(3) Idolatry

(4) Polytheism

(5) Henotheism

(6) Pantheism

(7) Deism

(8) Semitic Monolatry

(9) Monotheism

II. THE IDEA OF GOD IN THE OLD TESTAMENT

1. The Course of Its Development

2. Forms of Its Manifestation

(1) The Face or Countenance of God

(2) The Voice and Word of God

(3) The Glory of God

(4) The Angel of God

(5) The Spirit of God

(6) The Name of God

(7) Occasional Forms

3. The Names of God

(1) Generic

(2) Attributive

(3) Yahweh

4. Pre-prophetic Conceptions of God

(1) Yahweh Alone Is the God of Israel

(a) His Early Worship

(b) Popular Religion

(c) Polytheistic Tendencies

(i) Coordination

(ii) Assimilation

(iii) Disintegration

(d) No Hebrew Goddesses

(e) Human Sacrifices

Easton's Bible Dictionary

God

(A.S. and Dutch God; Dan. Gud; Ger. Gott), the name of the Divine Being. It is the rendering (1) of the Hebrew ’El, from a word meaning to be strong; (2) of ’Eloah_, plural _’Elohim. The singular form, Eloah, is used only in poetry. The plural form is more commonly used in all parts of the Bible, The Hebrew word Jehovah (q.v.), the only other word generally employed to denote the Supreme Being, is uniformly rendered in the Authorized Version by “LORD,” printed in small capitals. The existence of God is taken for granted in the Bible. There is nowhere any argument to prove it. He who disbelieves this truth is spoken of as one devoid of understanding (Ps. 14:1).

The arguments generally adduced by theologians in proof of the being of God are:

(1.) The a priori argument, which is the testimony afforded by reason.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(good). Throughout the Hebrew Scriptures two chief names are used for the one true divine Being--ELOHIM, commonly translated God in our version, and JEHOVAH, translated Lord . Elohim is the plural of Eloah (in Arabic Allah); it is often used in the short form EL (a word signifying strength , as in EL-SHADDAI, God Almighty, the name by which God was specially known to the patriarchs. (Genesis 17:1; 28:3; Exodus 6:3) The etymology is uncertain, but it is generally agreed that the primary idea is that of strength, power of effect , and that it properly describes God in that character in which he is exhibited to all men in his works, as the creator, sustainer and supreme governor of the world. The plural form of Elohim has given rise to much discussion. The fanciful idea that it…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

This name, the derivation of which is uncertain, we give to that eternal, infinite, perfect, and incomprehensible Being, the Creator of all things, who preserves and governs all by his almighty power and wisdom, and is the only proper object of worship. The proper Hebrew name for God is JEHOVAH, which signifies He is. But the Jews, from a feeling of reverence, avoid pronouncing this name, substituting for it, wherever it occurs in the sacred test, the word ADONAI, Lord; except in the expression, ADONAI JEHOVAH, Lord Jehovah, for which they put, ADONAI ELOHIM, Lord God. This usage, which is not without an element of superstition, is very ancient, dating its origin some centuries before Christ; but there is no good ground for assuming its existence in the days of the inspired Old Testament writers. The proper word for God is ELOHIM, which is plural in its form, being thus used to signify…

know then that God he has wronged me and net his over me he has closed
עִוְּתָ֑נִי'i.ve.Ta.ni he has wronged me H5791 Verb piel perfect third person masculine singular · suffix
11× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to pervert or twist something, and it is used to describe bending or making something crooked. It can also mean to falsify or subvert something, and it is used in the book of Proverbs to describe turning away from what is right.
Amplified meaning
perverted, twisted
Tyndale gloss
to pervert
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עָוַת (*avath*) is a primitive root meaning to wrest or make crooked. It covers actions like perverting, falsifying, and subverting, often in contexts related to justice or morality. The entries indicate various forms, including making something crooked or bending oneself.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[עָוַת] vb. be bent, crooked

Pi.

make crooked = falsify scales; pervert justice

bend, make crooked

Pu. what is bent

Hithp. and the strong men bend themselves.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5791 עָוַת

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5791 `avath aw-vath'

a primitive root; to wrest:--bow self, (make) crooked.,

falsifying, overthrow, deal perversely, pervert, subvert, turn

upside down.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָוַת (a.vat) — to pervert.

1) to be bent, be crooked, bend, make crooked, pervert

1a)(Piel)

1a1) to make crooked, falsify, pervert, subvert

1a2) to bend, make crooked

1b) (Pual) thing bent (participle)

1c) (Hithpael) to bend oneself

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Piel-Perf-3ms | Suff — Verb piel perfect third person masculine singular · suffix
HVpp3ms/Sp1bs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
know then that God he has wronged me and net his over me he has closed
וּ֝מְצוּד֗וֹu.me.tzu.Do and net his H4685 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Matsod is a stronghold or fortress, like a tower or bulwark, providing protection and defense, as described in 2 Samuel 22:51. It is a safe and secure place.
Tyndale gloss
siegework
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מָצוֹד (matsowd) refers to a range of concepts including siege-works, hunting implements like nets, and strongholds. It is built from the root meaning to capture or ensnare. The entries indicate that it can denote both a physical net for catching animals and a fortified position. Notably, the lexicons mention its use in Ecclesiastes 9:14.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מָצוֹד] n.m. in pl., dub., usu. siege-works;—Ec 9:14

ref

[מָצוֹד] n.[m.] hunting implement, specif. net

base

מְצוֹדָה n.f. net

base

[מְצוֹדָה] n.f. fastness, stronghold

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4685a מָצוֹד in pl., dub., usu. siege-works H4685b מָצוֹד hunting implement H4685c מְצוֹדָה net H4685d מְצוֹדָה fastness, stronghold

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4685 matsowd maw-tsode'

or (feminine) mtsowdah {mets-o-daw'}; or mtsodah

{mets-o-daw'}; from 6679; a net (for capturing animals or

fishes):--also (by interchange for 4679) a fastness or

(beseiging) tower:--bulwark, hold, munition, net, snare.

see HEBREW for 06679

see HEBREW for 04679

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מָצוֹד (ma.tsod) — siegework.

siege-works, bulwark

מָצוֹד (ma.tsod) — net.

hunting implement, net

Also means: me.tso.dah (מְצוֹדָה "net" H4685C)

מְצוֹדָה (me.tso.dah) — net.

net

Another spelling of ma.tsod (מָצוֹד "net" H4685B)

מְצוֹדָה (me.tso.dah) — stronghold.

fastness, stronghold

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Ncmsc/Sp3ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HC/Ncmsc/Sp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hiz: Used often in the King James Version with reference to a neuter or inanimate thing, or to a lower animal (Ge 1:11, "after his kind"; Le 1:16, "pluck away his crop"; Ac 12:10, "of his own accord"; 1Co 15:38, "his own body"), etc. the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "its."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
know then that God he has wronged me and net his over me he has closed
עָלַ֥י'a.Lai over me H5921 Preposition · suffix
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Amplified meaning
upon, above, and enclosing me
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp1bs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
know then that God he has wronged me and net his over me he has closed
הִקִּֽיף׃hi.Kif he has closed H5362 Verb · Hiphil · perfect third person masculine singular
19× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to surround or go around something, like making a circle or enclosing an area. It can also imply a sense of violence or attack, like beating or knocking something down. In the Bible, it is used to describe God's presence surrounding his people.
Tyndale gloss
to strike
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָקַף (naqaph) is a Hebrew verb with meanings related to striking and surrounding. It can denote striking off or going around, encompassing, or completing a circuit. The entries suggest it covers both violent actions, like cutting down, and more passive ones, like surrounding or encompassing. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נָקַף] vb. strike off

Niph. and the thickets of the forest shall be struck away

Pi. after my skin, which they have struck off

base

[נָקַף] vb. go around (intrans.)

Qal let feasts go around

Hiph.

go around, surround, encompass

make the round, i.e. complete the circuit

make round, round off (lit.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5362a נָקַף strike off H5362b נָקַף go around (intrans.) .let feasts go around

. . go around, surround, encompass

. make the round, i.e. complete the circuit

. make round, round off (lit.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5362 naqaph naw-kaf'

a primitive root; to strike with more or less violence (beat,

fell, corrode); by implication (of attack) to knock together,

i.e. surround or circulate:--compass (about, -ing), cut down,

destroy, go round (about), inclose, round.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָקַף (na.qaph) — to strike.

1) to strike, strike off

1a) (Piel) to strike off skin

Aramaic equivalent: ne.qash (נְקַשׁ "to knock" H5368)

נָקַף (na.qaph) — to surround.

1) to go around, compass, round

1a) (Qal) to go around

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to go around, surround, encompass, enclose

1b2) to make the round, complete the circuit

1b3) to make round, round off

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil-Perf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · perfect third person masculine singular
HVhp3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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