Isaiah 16:2 — Word Study
WLCוְהָיָ֥ה כְעוֹף־ נוֹדֵ֖ד קֵ֣ן מְשֻׁלָּ֑ח תִּֽהְיֶ֙ינָה֙ בְּנ֣וֹת מוֹאָ֔ב מַעְבָּרֹ֖ת לְאַרְנֽוֹן׃
BSALike fluttering birdsʻôwph [wandering, as a bird fleeing away] pushedshâlach out of the nestqên [a nest forsaken, a place from which the young birds have gone in flight] so arehâyâh▸ the daughtersbath [female children, women] of MoabMôwʼâb [the land and descendants of the son of Lot] at the fordsmaʻăbâr [crossing places, passages] of the ArnonʼArnôwn [a river east of the Jordan, also referring to its surrounding territory]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְהָיָ֥ה | and it will be | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person masculine singular |
| כְעוֹף־ | like a bird | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| נוֹדֵ֖ד | fluttering | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine singular |
| קֵ֣ן | a nest | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| מְשֻׁלָּ֑ח | sent away | Verb, Pual, participle (passive) masculine singular |
| תִּֽהְיֶ֙ינָה֙ | they will be | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine plural |
| בְּנ֣וֹת | [the] daughters of | Noun common, feminine plural construct |
| מוֹאָ֔ב | Moab | Noun proper |
| מַעְבָּרֹ֖ת | [the] fords | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| לְאַרְנֽוֹן׃ | of Arnon | Preposition, noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Like fluttering birds pushed out of the nest, so are the daughters of Moab at the fords of the Arnon: |
| KJV | For it shall be, that, as a wandering bird cast out of the nest, so the daughters of Moab shall be at the fords of Arnon. |
| ASV | For it shall be that, as wandering birds, as a scattered nest, so shall the daughters of Moab be at the fords of the Arnon. |
| YLT | And it hath come to pass, As a wandering bird, a nest cast out, Are daughters of Moab, [at] fords of Arnon. |
| WEB | For it will be that as wandering birds, as a scattered nest, so will the daughters of Moab be at the fords of the Arnon. |
| BBE | For the daughters of Moab will be like wandering birds, like a place from which the young birds have gone in flight, at the ways across the Arnon. |
Translations agree on the metaphor of fluttering birds — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence begins with a simile, establishing the main comparison before identifying the subject and location.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbהָיָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 16:2
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Lament for Moabgenerated
Isaiah 16:2 uses the metaphor of birds to illustrate the desperate situation of the daughters of Moab, who are seeking safety at the fords of the Arnon. This passage reflects the broader context of Moab's struggle and their need for assistance, as seen in the preceding and following verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 13:14 | Like a hunted gazelle, like a sheep without a shepherd, each will return to his own people, each will flee to his native land. |
| 2 | Proverbs 27:8 | Like a bird that strays from its nest is a man who wanders from his home. |
| 3 | Numbers 21:13–15 | From there they moved on and camped on the other side of the Arnon, in the wilderness that extends into the Amorite territory. Now the Arnon is the border between the Moabites and the Amorites. |
| 4 | Deuteronomy 2:36 | From Aroer on the rim of the Arnon Valley, along with the city in the valley, even as far as Gilead, not one city had walls too high for us. The LORD our God gave us all of them. |
| 5 | Deuteronomy 3:8–12 | At that time we took from the two kings of the Amorites the land across the Jordan, from the Arnon Valley as far as Mount Hermon— |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — נוֹדֵ֖ד, no.Dedgenerated
The word נָדַד (nadad) is a participle meaning 'fluttering' or 'wandering.' It describes movement that is often aimless or in response to fear, capturing the essence of fleeing or being displaced. The use of this word emphasizes the vulnerability of the daughters of Moab, likening them to birds that have lost their home.
This term is often associated with fleeing or being driven away, which fits the context of Moab's plight. The imagery suggests a sense of urgency and instability, as the daughters of Moab find themselves in a precarious position.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
Translations generally agree on the imagery of fluttering birds, with the BSB, KJV, ASV, YLT, WEB, and BBE all reflecting this metaphor.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb וְהָיָ֥ה (ve.ha.Yah), 'and it will be,' governs the structure of the verse, indicating a future state. The sentence begins with a simile, comparing the daughters of Moab to birds, which sets the tone for the imagery that follows.
The prepositional phrase 'at the fords of the Arnon' provides a specific location, grounding the metaphor in a real geographical context. The structure emphasizes the relationship between the daughters of Moab and their desperate situation.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew word נוֹדֵ֖ד is rendered as ἀνιπταμένου, which conveys a sense of being driven away or fluttering. This choice highlights the urgency and distress of the situation, aligning with the original Hebrew intent.
The translation choice indicates a slight narrowing of the focus on the action of being pushed away, emphasizing the plight of the daughters of Moab.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 16:2 compares the daughters of Moab to birds that have been pushed out of their nest, illustrating their vulnerability as they seek refuge at the fords of the Arnon. This imagery captures their desperate situation and need for protection.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This imagery suggests that they are vulnerable and in a state of distress, seeking safety after being displaced.
The fords of the Arnon represent a crossing place where they seek refuge, highlighting their need for safety during a time of crisis.
The metaphor emphasizes themes of vulnerability and the instinct to flee from danger, illustrating the plight of the Moabites.
This verse is part of a lament over Moab, reflecting their struggles and need for assistance amid impending threats.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How can I relate to the feelings of vulnerability expressed in this verse?
- What are some ways I can seek refuge or support in times of distress?
- How does understanding the plight of the Moabites help me empathize with others in difficult situations?
- In what ways can I offer help to those who are feeling displaced or vulnerable?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early Church Fathers, including Jerome, draw on this verse to illustrate themes of prophecy and the plight of Moab, providing insights into its interpretation.
Send forth the lamb, the ruler of the earth, from the rock of the desert to the mount of the daughter of Zion.” The interpretation that we provide is not history but prophecy.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 16 →
Then, as for Job, that pattern of patience, what mysteries are there not contained in his discourses? Commencing in prose the book soon glides into verse and at the end once more reverts to prose.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 16 →
And it shall be, like a flying bird, and like young birds flying from the nest, so shall the daughters of Moab be in the crossing of the Arnon.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 16 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 16:2 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleFor it shall be,.... Or, "otherwise it shall be" (z); if ye do not pay this tribute: [that] as a wandering bird cast out of the nest: or, "as a wandering bird, the nest sent out": that is, as a bird
Read John Gill on Isaiah 16 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryFor it shall be, that, as a wandering bird cast out of the nest, so the daughters of Moab shall be at the fords of Arnon.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 16 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleFor; or, otherwise, as this particle is sometimes used; if you do not follow my advice. As a wandering bird cast out of the nest; which knows not whither to go, nor what to do. At the fords of Arnon; which was the border of the land of Moab, where they were, either being carried that way into captivity, or rather with design to flee out of their own land, although they knew not whither, as the foregoing metaphor showeth.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 16 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 16:2 For it shall be, [that], as a wandering bird cast out of the nest, [so] the daughters of Moab shall be at the fords of Arnon.Ver. 2. For it shall be, that, as a wandering bird, &c.] Or, Otherwise it shall be that as, &c., i.e., except ye do as I have advised you, a double mischief shall befall you. (1.) Dissipation, as a wandering bird, &c.; (2.) Deportation, at the fords of Arnon, where ye shall be carried captive. As a wandering bird.] See Proverbs 27:8. Alioqui fiet. - Jun.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 16 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(2) As a wandering bird cast out of the nest.—Better as in the margin, a forsaken nest. The “daughters of Moab” either literally, the women driven from their homes, or figuratively (as in Isaiah 16:1) the whole population of its towns and villages, are represented as fluttering in terror, like birds whose nests are spoiled (comp. Isaiah 10:14), like the fledglings in the nest, on the fords of Arnon, uncertain whether to return to their old homes or to cross into a strange land. The imagery reminds us of Psa 11:1, Proverbs 27:8, so also of Æsch. Agam. 49-52.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 16 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges2. The verse gives no good sense in its present position. Not only does it obscure the connexion between Isaiah 16:1 and Isaiah 16:3, but its language of prediction reveals an affinity with Isaiah 15:9. It has probably been misplaced (so Duhm), and the fact that the Moabites are represented as at “the fords of Arnon,” instead of in Edom, confirms the impression that we have here an addition to the original prophecy. The images of the wandering birds and the scattered nest (render as in R.V.) remind us of Isaiah (ch. Isaiah 10:14, Isaiah 31:5). The daughters of Moab are the provincial towns of Moab, or their inhabitants (cf. Psalms 48:11).
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 16 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleFor it shall be - It shall happen in the time of the calamity that shall come upon Moab.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 16 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible2, 3. For — Not for, but and, it shall be — If they comply, then this shall follow: that, as a wandering bird cast… nest — Moab must acquire favour from Israel or Judah right early, (Isaiah 16:1,)
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 16 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Like fluttering birds pushed out of the nest, so are the daughters of Moab at the fords of the Arnon:
For it will be that as wandering birds, as a scattered nest, so will the daughters of Moab be at the fords of the Arnon.
Like fluttering birds pushed out of the nest, so are the daughters of Moab at the fords of the Arnon:
At the fords of the Arnon the Moabite women are like a bird that flies about when forced from its nest.
Tyndale line
For it shall be, that, as a wandering bird cast out of the nest, so the daughters of Moab shall be at the fords of Arnon.
For it shall be that, as wandering birds, as a scattered nest, so shall the daughters of Moab be at the fords of the Arnon.
For it shall be that, as wandering birds, as a scattered nest, so shall the daughters of Moab be at the fords of Arnon.
For it shall be, that , as a wandering bird cast out of the nest, so the daughters of Moab shall be at the fords of Arnon.
For it shall be as a birde that flieth, and a nest forsaken: the daughters of Moab shall be at the foordes of Arnon.
Strictly literal
And it shall be [that] as a wandering bird, [as] a scattered nest, so shall the daughters of Moab be at the fords of the Arnon.
And it hath come to pass, As a wandering bird, a nest cast out, Are daughters of Moab, [at] fords of Arnon.
And it has come to pass, || As a wandering bird, cast out of a nest, || Are daughters of Moab, [at] fords of Arnon.
For it shall be, that, as a fugitive bird, as a chased nest, so shall be the daughters of Moab at the fords of Arnon.
As wandering birds, as a scattered nest, so the women of Moab are at the fords of the Arnon River.
From the Latin
And it shall come to pass, that as a bird fleeing away, and as young ones flying out of the nest, so shall the daughters of Moab be in the passage of Arnon.
Simplified
The Moabite women at the fords of the Arnon are like birds fluttering around when their nest is destroyed.
For the daughters of Moab will be like wandering birds, like a place from which the young birds have gone in flight, at the ways across the Arnon.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Dead Sea Scrolls largely agree in wording, with the Dead Sea Scrolls providing partial restorations. The Septuagint matches eight out of ten words, indicating a strong alignment in the message conveyed across these texts.
וְהָיָ֥ה כְעוֹף־ נוֹדֵ֖ד קֵ֣ן מְשֻׁלָּ֑ח תִּֽהְיֶ֙ינָה֙ בְּנ֣וֹת מוֹאָ֔ב מַעְבָּרֹ֖ת לְאַרְנֽוֹן׃
8 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
והיא כעופ נודד קן משלח תהינה בנות מואב מעברת לארנון
10 words on the leather.
[והיה] [כעוף] [נודד] קן משלח תהיינה בנות [מואב] [מעברת] [לארנון]
2 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 6 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 16:2
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
V-Qal-Imperf-3fp — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqq3ms
עוֹף (owph) refers to flying creatures, including birds and insects. It is derived from the root meaning to cover with wings, emphasizing the aspect of flight. The term encompasses various types of fowl and winged insects, and it is noted in the Aramaic as well. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meaning.
עוֹף 70 n.m. coll. flying creatures, fowls, insects
fowl, birds
winged insects
base
H5775 עוֹף flying creatures, fowls, insects . fowl, birds
. winged insects
5775 `owph ofe
from 5774; a bird (as covered with feathers, or rather as
covering with wings), often collectively:--bird, that flieth,
flying, fowl.
see HEBREW for 05774
עוֹף (oph) — bird.
1) flying creatures, fowl, insects, birds
1a) fowl, birds
1b) winged insects
Aramaic equivalent: oph (עוֹף "bird" H5776)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
Bird
Birds are divided in the Mosaic law into two classes, (1) the clean (Lev. 1:14-17; 5:7-10; 14:4-7), which were offered in sacrifice; and (2) the unclean (Lev. 11:13-20). When offered in sacrifice, they were not divided as other victims were (Gen. 15:10). They are mentioned also as an article of food (Deut. 14:11). The art of snaring wild birds is referred to (Ps. 124:7; Prov. 1:17; 7:23; Jer. 5:27). Singing birds are mentioned in Ps. 104:12;
נָדַד (nadad) is a Hebrew verb that encompasses meanings related to movement, such as retreating, fleeing, departing, straying, and wandering. It can also refer to the fluttering of wings. The word has various forms, including Qal, Poal, Hiphil, Hophil, and Hithpolel, indicating different nuances of fleeing or being chased. Its Aramaic equivalent is נְדַד (H5075), meaning 'to flee.'
[נָדַד] vb. retreat, flee, depart, stray, wander, flutter
Qal
retreat, flee
flee, depart
wander, stray
trans. flutter wings
Po‛ēl the sun hath arisen and it (the locust swarm) fleeth away
Hiph. chase away
Hoph. be chased away
Hithpo‛l. flee away
base
H5074 [נָדַד] retreat, flee, depart, stray, wander, flutter
5074 nadad naw-dad'
a primitive root; properly, to wave to and fro (rarely to
flap up and down); figuratively, to rove, flee, or
(causatively) to drive away:--chase (away), X could not,
depart, flee (X apace, away), (re-)move, thrust away, wander
(abroad, -er, -ing).
נָדַד (na.dad) — to wander.
1) to retreat, flee, depart, move, wander abroad, stray, flutter
1a)(Qal)
1a1) to retreat, flee
1a2) to flee, depart
1a3) to wander, stray
1a4) to flutter (of birds)
1b) (Poal) to flee away, be chased
1c) (Hiphil) to chase away
1d) (Hophal) to be chased away
1e) (Hithpolel) to flee away
Aramaic equivalent: ne.dad (נְדַד "to flee" H5075)
HVqrmsa — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singularHVqrmsa
קֵן (qen) means 'nest' in Hebrew, specifically referring to a bird's nest. It can also denote cells resembling nests, as seen in Noah's ark. The word is derived from a root meaning to be fixed, and it can figuratively refer to a dwelling or chamber.
קֵן n.m. nest
nest, of bird
cells, like nests, in Noah’s ark
base
H7064 קֵן nest . nest, of bird
. cells, like nests, in Noah’s ark
7064 qen kane
contracted from 7077; a nest (as fixed), sometimes including
the nestlings; figuratively, a chamber or dwelling:--nest,
room.
see HEBREW for 07077
קֵן (qen) — nest.
1) nest
1a) nest (of bird)
1b) cells (like nests in Noah's ark)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
(qen; neossia, nossia; in the New Testament kataskenosis; Latin nidus): A receptacle prepared by a bird for receiving its eggs and young. Nests differ with species. Eagles use a large heap of coarse sticks and twigs on the cleft of a mountain (Job 39:27 ff; Jer 49:16; Ob 1:4); hawks prefer trees; vultures, hollow trees or the earth; ravens, big trees; doves and pigeons, trees or rocky crevices (Jer 48:28); hoopoes, hollow trees; swallows, mud nests under a roof, on cliffs or deserted temples; owls, hollow trees, dark places in ruins or sand burrows (on the qippoz of Isa 34:15 see OWL); cranes, storks and herons, either…
The Hebrew word שָׁלַח (shalach) is a primitive root meaning 'to send' with a wide range of applications. It can refer to sending away, stretching out (especially a hand), or letting go. The entries indicate various forms, including sending off, casting out, and setting free. Notably, it can also imply divorce or being sent away in a marital context.
שָׁלַח 814 vb. send
Qal
send: human subj.
send: subj. י׳ (God)
stretch out, esp. acc. hand
rarely send away: human subj.
let loose
Niph. letters were sent
Pi.
send off, away, human subj.
send away, subj. י׳
give over
cast out
send out, forth
let go, set free
shoot forth branches
let down
shoot
Phrases
Pu. be sent off (started on journey); be put away, divorced, of wife; be impelled(?)
Hiph. and I (י׳) will send
base
H7971 שָׁלַח send .. send: human subj.
. send: subj. י׳ (God)
. stretch out, esp. acc. hand
. rarely send away: human subj.
. let loose
. letters were sent
. . send off, away, human subj.
. . send away, subj. י׳
. give over
. cast out
. send out, forth
. let go, set free
. shoot forth branches
. let down
. shoot
. Phrases
. be sent off (started on journey); be put away, divorced, of wife; be impelled(?)
. and I (י׳) will send
7971 shalach shaw-lakh'
a primitive root; to send away, for, or out (in a great
variety of applications):--X any wise, appoint, bring (on the
way), cast (away, out), conduct, X earnestly, forsake, give
(up), grow long, lay, leave, let depart (down, go, loose),
push away, put (away, forth, in, out), reach forth, send
(away, forth, out), set, shoot (forth, out), sow, spread,
stretch forth (out).
שָׁלַח (sha.lach) — to send: depart.
: depart/send
1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to send
1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct
1a3) to send away
1a4) to let loose
1b) (Niphal) to be sent
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out
1c2) to let go, set free
1c3) to shoot forth (of branches)
1c4) to let down
1c5) to shoot
1d) (Pual) to be sent off, be put away, be divorced, be impelled
1e) (Hiphil) to send
שָׁלַח (sha.lach) — to send: let go.
: let_go/free
1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to send
1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct
1a3) to send away
1a4) to let loose
1b) (Niphal) to be sent
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out
1c2) to let go, set free
1c3) to shoot forth (of branches)
1c4) to let down
1c5) to shoot
V-Pual-Inf-c — Verb · Pual · participle (passive) masculine singularHVPsmsa
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
HVqi3fp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine pluralHVqi3fp
בַּת (bat) means 'daughter' and encompasses a range of meanings including female child, young women, and even personifications of cities or inhabitants. It can also refer to villages in certain contexts. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and is used in various figurative senses, such as 'branch' or 'apple of the eye.'
בַּת 587 n.f. daughter
daughter, female child
young women, women
with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants
pl. = villages, after name of city
in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.
ostrich
fig.
of vine = branch
as n. relat.
base
H1323 בַּת daughter . daughter, female child
. young women, women
. with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants
. pl. = villages, after name of city
. in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.
. ostrich
. fig.
. of vine = branch
. as n. relat.
1323 bath bath
from 1129 (as feminine of 1121); a daughter (used in the same
wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and
figuratively):--apple (of the eye), branch, company, daughter,
X first, X old, + owl, town, village.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01121
בַּת (bat) — daughter.
: daughter
1) daughter
1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin
1a1) as polite address
1a2) as designation of women of a particular place
2) young women, women
1a3) as personification
1a4) daughter-villages
1a5) description of character
Also means: bat (בַּת ": village" H1323H)
בַּת (bat) — daughter: village.
: village
1) daughter
1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin
1a1) as polite address
1a2) as designation of women of a particular place
2) young women, women
1a3) as personification
1a4) daughter-villages
1a5) description of character
בַּת (bat) — Bath (Shua).
A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.38.2;
daughter of: Shua (H7770); married to Judah (H3063);
mother of: Er (H6147), Onan (H0209) and Shelah (H7956)
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural constructHNcfpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מוֹאָב (Moab) refers to both a person and a territory. It denotes Moab, the son of Lot by his eldest daughter, and the nation and land descended from him. The name means 'of his father,' highlighting the incestuous origins of Moab. The term appears in various contexts in the Old Testament, including references to the Moabites and their territory.
מוֹאָב, מֹאָב 180 n.pr.gent. et terr. Moab
Moab as son of Lot by his elder daughter
Moab:
= nation of which Lot’s son is represented as ancestor
= territory of Moab
base
H4124 מוֹאָב, מֹאָב Moab
4124 Mow'ab mo-awb
from a prolonged form of the prepositional prefix m- and 1;
from (her (the mother's)) father; Moab, an incestuous son of
Lot; also his territory and descendants:--Moab.
see HEBREW for 01
מוֹאָב (mo.av) — Moab.
Moab = "of his father"
the nation descended from the son of Lot
Also named: mo.a.vi (מוֹאָבִי "Moab" H4125)
מוֹאָב (mo.av) — Moab.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.19.37;
son of: Lot (H3876) and his first daughter (H3876H);
half-brother of Ben-ammi (H1151);
§ Moab = "of his father"
1) a son of Lot by his eldest daughter
2) the nation descended from the son of Lot
3) the land inhabited by the descendants of the son of Lot
מוֹאָב (mo.av) — (Plains of) Moab.
Combined with a.ra.vah (עֲרָבָה " Plains" H6160I)
§ Moab = "of his father"
the land inhabited by the descendants of the son of Lot
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
Moab
The seed of the father, or, according to others, the desirable land, the eldest son of Lot (Gen. 19:37), of incestuous birth.
(2.) Used to denote the people of Moab (Num. 22:3-14; Judg. 3:30; 2 Sam. 8:2; Jer. 48:11, 13).
(3.) The land of Moab (Jer. 48:24), called also the “country of Moab” (Ruth 1:2, 6; 2:6), on the east of Jordan and the Dead Sea, and south of the Arnon (Num. 21:13, 26). In a wider sense it included the whole region that had been occupied by…
(of his father), Mo’abites. Moab was the son of the Lot’s eldest daughter, the progenitor of the Moabites. Zoar was the cradle of the race of Lot. From this centre the brother tribes spread themselves. The Moabites first inhabited the rich highlands which crown the eastern side of the chasm of the Dead Sea, extending as far north as the mountain of Gilead, from which country they expelled the Emims, the original inhabitants, (2:11) but they themselves were afterward driven southward by the warlike Amorites, who had crossed the Jordan, and were confined to the country south of the river Arnon, which formed their northern boundary. (Numbers 21:13; Judges 11:18) The territory occupied by Moab at the period of its greatest extent, before the invasion of the Amorites, divided itself…
of his father
מַעֲבָר (ma`abar) refers to a crossing place, specifically a ford or pass, where one can traverse a river or mountain. The term can also imply the act of passing or transit. Relatedly, מַעֲבָרָה (ma`abarah) carries the same meanings, emphasizing the concept of passage.
[מַעֲבָר] n.[m.] ford, pass, passing
base
מַעֲבָרָה n.f. ford, pass, passing
base
H4569a מַעֲבָר ford, pass, passing H4569b מַעֲבָרָה ford, pass, passing
4569 ma`abar mah-ab-awr'
or feminine mapabarah {mah-ab-aw-raw'}; from 5674; a
crossing-place (of a river, a ford; of a mountain, a pass);
abstractly, a transit, i.e. (figuratively)
overwhelming:--ford, place where...pass, passage.
see HEBREW for 05674
מַעֲבָר (ma.a.var) — ford.
1) ford, pass, passing
1a) ford
1b) pass
1c) passing, sweep
מַעֲבָרָה (ma.a.va.rah) — ford.
1) ford, pass, passing
1a) ford
1b) pass
1c) passing, sweep
Also means: ma.a.var (מַעֲבָר "ford" H4569A)
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
אָרְנוֹן (Arnon) refers to a river and valley in Moab, known for its brawling waters. It serves as a geographical marker between Moab and the Amorites, with its name meaning 'rushing stream.' The entries consistently identify it as a significant location east of the Jordan River.
אָרְנוֹן, אַרְנֹן n.pr.fl. Arnon, wady & stream in Moab
base
H769 אָרְנוֹן, אַרְנֹן Arnon, wady & stream in Moab
769 'Arnown ar-nohn'
or uArnon {ar-nohn'}; from 7442; a brawling stream; the
Arnon, a river east of the Jordan, also its territory:--
Arnon.
see HEBREW for 07442
אַרְנוֹן (ar.non) — Arnon.
§ Arnon = "rushing stream"
a river and surrounding valley in south Palestine, forms the border between Moab and the Amorites
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
ar'-non ('arnon; Arnon): Is first mentioned in Nu 21:24 as the border between Moab and the Amorites. "The valleys of Arnon" in the next verse undoubtedly indicate the numerous wadies contributary to the main stream. It formed the southern boundary of the land assigned to Reuben (De 3:12). The city of Aroer stood on the northern edge of the valley (De 2:36; Jud 12:2, etc.). Arnon was claimed by the Ammonites as having marked the southern limit of their territory when Israel invaded the land (Jud 11:13). They, however, had already been driven out by the Amorites, and the region north of Arnon was held by Sihon. From the…
Arnon
Swift, the southern boundary of the territory of Israel beyond Jordan, separating it from the land of Moab (Deut. 3:8, 16). This river (referred to twenty-four times in the Bible) rises in the mountains of Gilead, and after a circuitous course of about 80 miles through a deep ravine it falls into the Dead Sea nearly opposite Engedi. The stream is almost dry in summer. It is now called el-Mujeb. The territory of the Amorites extended from the Arnon to the Jabbok.
(roaring), the river or torrent which formed the boundary between Moab and the Amorites, on the north of Moab, (Numbers 21:13,14,24,26; Judges 11:22) and afterwards between Moab and Israel (Reuben). (2:24,36; 3:8,12,16; 4:48; Joshua 12:1,2; 13:9,16; Judges 11:13,26) There can be no doubt that the Wady el-Mojeb of the present day is the Arnon. Its principal source is near Katrane , on the Haj route.
A river rising in the mountains east of the Dead Sea, into which it flows. It is now called Wady Modjeb, and anciently divided the territories of the Moabites in turn from those of the Ammonites, Amorites, and Reubenites, Nu 21:13; Jos 13:16. It flows in a deep and wild ravine of the same name. Burckhardt, after reaching the ruins of Aroer, which stand on the edge of the precipice at the foot of which the Arnon flows, says, "From hence a footpath leads down to the river. The view which the Modjeb presents is very striking. From the bottom, where the river runs through a narrow stripe of verdant level about forty yards across, the steep and barren banks arise to a great height, covered with immense blocks of stone which have rolled down from the upper strata; so that, when viewed…