Genesis 36:43 — Word Study
WLCאַלּ֥וּף מַגְדִּיאֵ֖ל אַלּ֣וּף עִירָ֑ם אֵ֣לֶּה׀ אַלּוּפֵ֣י אֱד֗וֹם לְמֹֽשְׁבֹתָם֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֲחֻזָּתָ֔ם ה֥וּא עֵשָׂ֖ו אֲבִ֥י אֱדֽוֹם׃ פ
BSAMagdielMagdîyʼêl [prince of God] and IramʻÎyrâm [belonging to a city] Theseʼêl-leh [specific leaders] [were] the chiefsʼallûwph [governors, leaders] of EdomʼĔdôm [the region of Esau's descendants] according to their settlementsmôwshâb [habitats, dwelling places] in the landʼerets [earth, territory] they possessedʼăchuzzâh [inherited, owned] EsauʻÊsâv [hairy, the twin brother of Jacob] was the fatherʼâb [ancestor, progenitor] of the EdomitesʼĔdôm [the people of Edom]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| אַלּ֥וּף | chief | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| מַגְדִּיאֵ֖ל | Magdiel | Noun proper masculine |
| אַלּ֣וּף | chief | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| עִירָ֑ם | Iram | Noun proper masculine |
| אֵ֣לֶּה׀ | these | Particle |
| אַלּוּפֵ֣י | [were] [the] chiefs of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| אֱד֗וֹם | Edom | Noun proper masculine |
| לְמֹֽשְׁבֹתָם֙ | to dwelling places their | Preposition, noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| בְּאֶ֣רֶץ | in [the] land of | Preposition, noun common feminine singular construct |
| אֲחֻזָּתָ֔ם | possession their | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| ה֥וּא | that | Pronoun |
| עֵשָׂ֖ו | [was] Esau | Noun proper masculine |
| אֲבִ֥י | [the] ancestor of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| אֱדֽוֹם׃ פ | Edom | Noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Magdiel, and Iram. These were the chiefs of Edom, according to their settlements in the land they possessed. Esau was the father of the Edomites. |
| KJV | Duke Magdiel, duke Iram: these be the dukes of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession: he is Esau the father of the Edomites. |
| ASV | chief Magdiel, chief Iram: these are the chiefs of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession. This is Esau, the father of the Edomites. |
| YLT | chief Magdiel, chief Iram: these [are] chiefs of Edom, in reference to their dwellings, in the land of their possession; he [is] Esau father of Edom. |
| WEB | chief Magdiel, and chief Iram. These are the chiefs of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession. This is Esau, the father of the Edomites. |
| BBE | Magdiel, Iram; these are the Edomite chiefs, in their places in their heritage; this is Esau, the father of the Edomites. |
Where they part company is אֵלֶּה — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause identifies the chiefs, supported by their names and the description of their settlements.
6 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, AdamClarke & more — read them ›
clause
subjectאֵלֶּה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Genesis 36:43
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Chiefs of Edomgenerated
Genesis 36:43 concludes a list of Edomite leaders, detailing their names and the territories they governed. This passage emphasizes the lineage of Esau and the establishment of his descendants in the region known as Edom, which is significant in the history of Israel and its neighbors. The preceding verses outline the names and families of these chiefs, showing the organization of Edom's society.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 36:15–18 | These are the chiefs among the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: Chiefs Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz, |
| 2 | Exodus 15:15 | Then the chiefs of Edom will be dismayed; trembling will seize the leaders of Moab; those who dwell in Canaan will melt away, |
| 3 | Numbers 20:14 | From Kadesh, Moses sent messengers to tell the king of Edom, “This is what your brother Israel says: You know all the hardship that has befallen us, |
| 4 | Genesis 36:7–8 | For their possessions were too great for them to dwell together; the land where they stayed could not support them because of their livestock. |
| 5 | Genesis 25:12 | This is the account of Abraham’s son Ishmael, whom Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah’s maidservant, bore to Abraham. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 10 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — אַלּוּף, 'a.Lufgenerated
The word אַלּוּף (al-luph) is a noun meaning 'chief' or 'leader'. It is derived from a root that conveys notions of tameness and familiarity, indicating someone in a position of authority. In this context, it refers specifically to the chiefs of Edom, who were leaders among Esau's descendants.
This term also carries connotations of friendship and governance, suggesting a close-knit leadership structure within the Edomite community. The parsing as a masculine singular noun indicates that it refers to individual leaders, emphasizing their roles in the society of Edom.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb is implicit in the structure, with the noun phrases outlining the subject and predicate. The clause structure identifies the chiefs and their association with Edom, with the prepositional phrases detailing their settlements and possessions.
The word order highlights the chiefs as the central focus, with their names preceding the description of their territories, which emphasizes their leadership roles within Edom.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates אַלּוּף as ἡγεμὼν — leader — which underscores the authority of these figures in Edom. This choice reflects a consistent understanding of their roles as leaders, aligning with the Hebrew meaning.
The Greek term carries a similar connotation of governance, indicating that the translators recognized the importance of leadership in the Edomite context.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Genesis 36:43 lists the names of two chiefs, Magdiel and Iram, and states that these were the leaders of Edom. It explains that they lived in specific settlements in the land they possessed, and it identifies Esau as the father of the Edomites.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The chiefs mentioned are Magdiel and Iram, leaders among the descendants of Esau.
The term 'chiefs' refers to leaders or governors who held authority in Edom, guiding their communities.
Esau is identified as the father of the Edomites, establishing the lineage and heritage of the Edomite people.
This verse concludes a genealogical account that highlights the descendants of Esau and their establishment in the land of Edom, contributing to the historical context of Israel's neighboring nations.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about leadership from the chiefs of Edom?
- How does understanding Esau's lineage help us comprehend the relationship between Israel and Edom?
- In what ways do the settlements of the Edomites reflect their identity as a people?
- How might the concept of inheritance influence our understanding of land and possessions in biblical times?
Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Genesis 36:43 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleDuke Magdiel, Duke Iram,.... Magdiel also, Jerom (w) says, was in the country of Gabalena, formerly possessed by the dukes of Edom; and the Targum of Jonathan says, this duke was called Magdiel from
Read John Gill on Genesis 36 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd these are the names of the dukes that came of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timnah, duke Alvah, duke Jetheth, These are the names of the dukes ...
Read Robert Jamieson on Genesis 36 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsGenesis 36:43 Duke Magdiel, duke Iram: these [be] the dukes of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession: he [is] Esau the father of the Edomites.Ver. 43. These be the dukes of Edom.] As the principality of Edom began with dukes, and rose to kings; so it returneth to dukes again, after the death of Hadad, in Moses’ s time. It is likely, saith an interpreter, that, upon the unkind dealing of that Hadad, in denying to let Israel pass through his land, the Lord removed the dignity of kings from that commonwealth, and let it be ruled by dukes again; whereof eleven are here by name rehearsed. So sensible is God, and so severe, in punishing the least unkindness done to…
Read John Trapp on Genesis 36 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 43. He is Esau the father of the Edomites.] That is, The preceding list contains an account of the posterity of Esau, who was the father of Edom. Thus ends Esau's history; for after this there is no farther account of his life, actions, or death, in the Pentateuch. 1. As Esau is so considerable a person in polemic divinity, it may be necessary, in this place especially, to say something farther of his conduct and character. I have already, in several places, endeavoured, and I hope successfully, to wipe off the odium that has been thrown upon this man, (see the notes on chap. xxvii. and chap. xxxiii.), without attempting to lessen his faults; and the unprejudiced reader must see that…
Read AdamClarke on Genesis 36 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges43. the Edomites] Heb. Edom; cf. Genesis 36:9.
Read Cambridge on Genesis 36 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleThe Generations of Jacob, Genesis 36:37-43. This is the last section of the Book of Genesis headed by the special designation, úìãåú, generations. See Introduction, p. 49.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Genesis 36 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Magdiel, and Iram. These were the chiefs of Edom, according to their settlements in the land they possessed. Esau was the father of the Edomites.
chief Magdiel, and chief Iram. These are the chiefs of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession. This is Esau, the father of the Edomites.
Magdiel, and Iram. These were the chiefs of Edom, according to their settlements in the land they possessed. Esau was the father of the Edomites.
chief Magdiel, chief Iram. These were the chiefs of Edom, according to their settlements in the land they possessed. This was Esau, the father of the Edomites.
Tyndale line
Duke Magdiel, duke Iram: these be the dukes of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession: he is Esau the father of the Edomites.
chief Magdiel, chief Iram: these are the chiefs of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession. This is Esau, the father of the Edomites.
duke Magdiel, duke Iram: these be the dukes of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession. This is Esau the father of the Edomites.
Duke Magdiel, duke Iram; these are the dukes of Edom, according to their habitations, in the land of their possession: he is Esau the father of the Edomites.
Duke Magdiel, Duke Iram: these bee the Dukes of Edom, according to their habitations, in the lande of their inheritance. This Esau is the father of Edom.
Strictly literal
chief Magdiel, chief Iram. These are the chiefs of Edom, according to their dwelling-places in the land of their possession. This is Esau, the father of Edom.
chief Magdiel, chief Iram: these [are] chiefs of Edom, in reference to their dwellings, in the land of their possession; he [is] Esau father of Edom.
Chief Magdiel, Chief Iram: these [are] chiefs of Edom, in reference to their dwellings, in the land of their possession; he [is] Esau father of Edom.
Duke Magdiel, duke Iram; these are the dukes of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession: this is Esau the father of the Edom.
Magdiel, and Iram. These were the clan heads of Edom, according to their settlements in the land they possessed. This was Esau, the father of the Edomites.
From the Latin
Duke Magdiel, duke Hiram: these are the dukes of Edom dwelling in the land of their government; the same is Esau the father of the Edomites.
Simplified
Magdiel, and Iram. These were the tribal leaders of Edom, listed according to the places where they lived in the country. Esau was the ancestor of the Edomites.
Magdiel, Iram; these are the Edomite chiefs, in their places in their heritage; this is Esau, the father of the Edomites.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint, which matches 12 of the 14 words. The Samaritan Pentateuch differs in two words, using מגדאל (Magdiel) and משׁפחותם (clan), while the Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration but align closely with the Masoretic Text.
אַלּ֥וּף מַגְדִּיאֵ֖ל אַלּ֣וּף עִירָ֑ם אֵ֣לֶּה׀ אַלּוּפֵ֣י אֱד֗וֹם לְמֹֽשְׁבֹתָם֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֲחֻזָּתָ֔ם ה֥וּא עֵשָׂ֖ו אֲבִ֥י אֱדֽוֹם׃ פ
12 of the 14 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
אלוף מגדאל אלוף עירם אלה אלופי אדום למשׁפחותם בארץ אחזתם הוא עשׂו אבי אדום
2 words differ from the Masoretic Text: מגדאל (Magdiel), משׁפחותם (clan)
[אלוף] מגדיאל אלוף [עירם] [אלה] [אלופי] [אדום] [למשבת׳ם] [בארץ] [אחזת׳ם] [הוא] עשו אבי אדום
4 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 9 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Genesis 36:43
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אַלּוּף (al-luph) has meanings related to both tameness and leadership. It can refer to something that is tame or docile, as well as to a friend or chief. The word is built from the root associated with familiarity and gentleness, and it can denote a captain or governor in a leadership context.
אַלּוּף adj. tame
tame, docile
n.m. friend, intimate
i.q.
base
אַלּוּף n.m. chief, chiliarch
base
H441a אַלּוּף tame H441b אַלּוּף chief, chiliarch
441 'alluwph al-loof'
or (shortened) talluph {al-loof'}; from 502; familiar; a
friend, also gentle; hence, a bullock (as being tame; applied,
although masculine, to a cow); and so, a chieftain (as
notable, like neat cattle):--captain, duke, (chief) friend,
governor, guide, ox.
see HEBREW for 0502
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — tame.
1) tame, docile
2) friend, intimate
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — chief.
chief
N-mp — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
chef: The English word is in the King James Version of Old Testament the translation of some 17 different Hebrew words, most frequently of ro'sh, "head," sar, "prince," and re'shith, "beginning." The principal changes made by the Revised Version (British and American) are:
(1) Hebrew beth'abh, "house of a father," being recognized as a technical term denoting a subdivision of a tribe, ro'sh is rendered literally "head," when it occurs in connection with this phrase, so that "chief fathers" (Num 31:26) and "chief of the fathers" (Ezr 1:5) become "heads of fathers' houses";
(2) Hebrew naghidh and nasi' are more accurately translated "prince" in such passages as 1Ch 5:2; Nu 3:32;
מַגְדִּיאֵל (Magdiy'el) refers to a chief of Edom, a descendant of Esau, and is noted in Genesis 36:43. The name is derived from roots meaning 'preciousness of God' and translates to 'prince of God.' The entries consistently identify Magdiel as a significant figure in the lineage of Edom.
מַגְדִּיאֵל n.pr.m. a chief of Edom
base
H4025 מַגְדִּיאֵל a chief of Edom
4025 Magdiy'el mag-dee-ale'
from 4022 and 410; preciousness of God; Magdiel, an
Idumaean:--Magdiel.
see HEBREW for 04022
see HEBREW for 0410
מַגְדִּיאֵל (mag.di.el) — Magdiel.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.43
§ Magdiel = "prince of God"
a descendant of Esau and one of the chiefs of Edom
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
(prince of God), one of the "dukes" of Edom, descended from Esau. (Genesis 36:43; 1 Chronicles 1:54)
declaring God; chosen fruit of God
אַלּוּף (al-luph) has meanings related to both tameness and leadership. It can refer to something that is tame or docile, as well as to a friend or chief. The word is built from the root associated with familiarity and gentleness, and it can denote a captain or governor in a leadership context.
אַלּוּף adj. tame
tame, docile
n.m. friend, intimate
i.q.
base
אַלּוּף n.m. chief, chiliarch
base
H441a אַלּוּף tame H441b אַלּוּף chief, chiliarch
441 'alluwph al-loof'
or (shortened) talluph {al-loof'}; from 502; familiar; a
friend, also gentle; hence, a bullock (as being tame; applied,
although masculine, to a cow); and so, a chieftain (as
notable, like neat cattle):--captain, duke, (chief) friend,
governor, guide, ox.
see HEBREW for 0502
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — tame.
1) tame, docile
2) friend, intimate
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — chief.
chief
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
chef: The English word is in the King James Version of Old Testament the translation of some 17 different Hebrew words, most frequently of ro'sh, "head," sar, "prince," and re'shith, "beginning." The principal changes made by the Revised Version (British and American) are:
(1) Hebrew beth'abh, "house of a father," being recognized as a technical term denoting a subdivision of a tribe, ro'sh is rendered literally "head," when it occurs in connection with this phrase, so that "chief fathers" (Num 31:26) and "chief of the fathers" (Ezr 1:5) become "heads of fathers' houses";
(2) Hebrew naghidh and nasi' are more accurately translated "prince" in such passages as 1Ch 5:2; Nu 3:32;
עִירָם (Iyram) refers to a man associated with Edom, specifically a leader of the Edomites. The name is derived from a root meaning 'city-wise' and is linked to the concept of belonging to a city. He is first mentioned in Genesis 36:43.
עִירָם n.pr.m. in Edom
base
H5902 עִירָם in Edom
5902 'Iyram ee-rawm'
from 5892; city-wise; Iram, an Idumaean:--Iram.
see HEBREW for 05892
עִירָם (i.ram) — Iram.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.43
§ Iram = "belonging to a city"
a leader of the Edomites
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Iram
Citizen, chief of an Edomite tribe in Mount Seir (Gen. 36:43).
(belonging to a city), a leader of the Edomites, (Genesis 36:43; 1 Chronicles 1:54) i.e. the chief of a family or tribe. No identification of him has been found.
the effusion of them; a high heap
אֵ֫לֶּה (el-leh) means 'these' and is used in various grammatical contexts, often in apposition to a noun with a pronoun suffix. It can appear with or without the definite article and is sometimes paired with other terms like וְאֵלֶּה (and these). The word conveys a sense of proximity or specification, referring to particular items or people.
אֵ֫לֶּה pr.pl.m. & f. these
in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
with preps.
base
H428 אֵ֫לֶּה these . in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
. repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
. with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
. with preps.
428 'el-leh ale'-leh
prolonged from 411; these or those:--an- (the) other; one
sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those,
thus, which, who(-m).
see HEBREW for 0411
אֵ֫לֶּה (el.leh) — these.
1) these
1a) used before antecedent
1b) used following antecedent
Aramaic equivalent: el.leh (אֵלֶּה "these" H0429)
Pron — ParticleHTm
אַלּוּף (al-luph) has meanings related to both tameness and leadership. It can refer to something that is tame or docile, as well as to a friend or chief. The word is built from the root associated with familiarity and gentleness, and it can denote a captain or governor in a leadership context.
אַלּוּף adj. tame
tame, docile
n.m. friend, intimate
i.q.
base
אַלּוּף n.m. chief, chiliarch
base
H441a אַלּוּף tame H441b אַלּוּף chief, chiliarch
441 'alluwph al-loof'
or (shortened) talluph {al-loof'}; from 502; familiar; a
friend, also gentle; hence, a bullock (as being tame; applied,
although masculine, to a cow); and so, a chieftain (as
notable, like neat cattle):--captain, duke, (chief) friend,
governor, guide, ox.
see HEBREW for 0502
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — tame.
1) tame, docile
2) friend, intimate
אַלּוּף (al.luph) — chief.
chief
HNcmpc — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֱדוֹם (Edom) refers to both a person and a region. It is derived from the Hebrew word for 'red' and is associated with Esau, Jacob's brother. The term encompasses the Edomites, descendants of Esau, and the land of Edom, located southeast of Palestine. It is first mentioned in Genesis 25:25.
אֱדוֹם († אֱדֹם Ez 25:11) n.pr.m.
Edom
coll. Edomites, Idumeans as descend. of Esau
land of Edom, Idumaea
base
H123 אֱדוֹם . Edom
. coll. Edomites, Idumeans as descend. of Esau
. land of Edom, Idumaea
123 'Edom ed-ome'
or (fully) oEdowm {ed-ome'}; from 122; red (see Gen. 25:25);
Edom, the elder twin-brother of Jacob; hence the region
(Idumaea) occupied by him:--Edom, Edomites, Idumea.
see HEBREW for 0122
אֱדוֹם (e.dom) — Edom.
Edom = "red"
land of Edom, Idumea-land south and south east of Palestine
אֱדוֹם (e.dom) — Edom.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.25;
son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259);
brother of: Israel (H3478); married to Oholibamah (H0173), Judith (H3067), Adah (H5711H) and Mahalath (H4258);
father of: Eliphaz (H0464), Reuel (H7467), Jeush (H3266), Jalam (H3281) and Korah (H7141); also called Edom at Gen.25.30; 36.1,8,19,21; 1x,54;
Another name of e.sav (עֵשָׂו "Esau" H6215G)
§ Edom = "red"
1) Edom
2) Edomite, Idumean-descendants of Esau
3) land of Edom, Idumea-land south and south east of Palestine
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Edom
(1.) The name of Esau (q.v.), Gen. 25:30, “Feed me, I pray thee, with that same red pottage [Heb. haadom, haadom, i.e., ‘the red pottage, the red pottage’] ...Therefore was his name called Edom”, i.e., Red.
(2.) Idumea (Isa. 34:5, 6; Ezek. 35:15). “The field of Edom” (Gen. 32:3), “the land of Edom” (Gen. 36:16), was mountainous (Obad. 1:8, 9, 19, 21). It was called the land, or “the mountain of Seir,” the rough hills on the east side of the Arabah. It extended from the head of the Gulf of Akabah, the Elanitic gulf, to the foot of the Dead Sea (
Red, a name of Esau, Isaac’s eldest son, appropriate on account of his natural complexion, but given, it would seem, from the current name of food for which he sold his birthright-"that same red," Ge 25:25,30. See ESAU and IDUMEA.
red, earthy; of blood
→ (Signifies red)
1. A name of Esau, possibly on account of his being covered with red hair Ge 25:25,30; 36:1,8,19
2. A name of the land occupied by the descendants of Esau
It extended from the Elanitic Gulf to the Red Sea, and was also called IDUMEA Ge 32:3; 36:16,17,21; Jer 40:11
Noted for its wise men Ob 1:8
Sins of Ob 1:10-14
Prophecies concerning Jer 25:21-23; 27:1-11; Da 11:41
See EDOMITES
FIGURATIVE of the foes of Zion Isa 63:1
מוֹשָׁב (mowshab) refers to a seat or dwelling-place, encompassing meanings such as assembly, location, and the act of dwelling. It can denote both a physical site and an abstract concept of a session or time of dwelling. The word suggests a community of dwellers or those who sit together.
מוֹשָׁב n.m. seat, assembly, dwelling-place, dwelling, dwellers
seat
sitting = those sitting, sitting company or assembly
dwelling-place of people, tribe, etc.
alm. = abstr. dwelling
= house
situation of city; location of image
time of dwelling
coll. = those dwelling
base
H4186 מוֹשָׁב seat, assembly, dwelling-place, dwelling, dwellers . . seat
. sitting = those sitting, sitting company or assembly
. . dwelling-place of people, tribe, etc.
. alm. = abstr. dwelling
. = house
. situation of city; location of image
. time of dwelling
. coll. = those dwelling
4186 mowshab mo-shawb'
or moshab {mo-shawb'}; from 3427; a seat; figuratively, a
site; abstractly, a session; by extension an abode (the place
or the time); by implication, population:--assembly, dwell
in, dwelling(-place), wherein (that) dwelt (in), inhabited
place, seat, sitting, situation, sojourning.
see HEBREW for 03427
מוֹשָׁב (mo.shav) — seat.
1) seat, assembly, dwelling-place, dwelling, dwellers
1a) seat, sitting, those sitting, sitting company or assembly
1b) dwelling place, dwelling
1c) situation, location
1d) time of dwelling
1e) those dwelling, dweller
Prep | N-mp | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHR/Ncfpc/Sp3mp
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular constructHR/Ncfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֲחֻזָּה (achuzzah) refers to possession, particularly in the context of land or property, and can imply ownership by inheritance. It is derived from the root word for seizing or holding, indicating something that is held or owned.
אֲחֻזָּה 66 n.f. possession
base
H272 אֲחֻזָּה possession
272 'achuzzah akh-ooz-zaw'
feminine passive participle from 270; something seized, i.e.
a possession (especially of land):--possession.
see HEBREW for 0270
אֲחֻזָּה (a.chuz.zah) — possession.
1) possession, property
1a) land
1b) possession by inheritance
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp3mp
הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.
הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it
an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)
It resumes the subj. with emph.
Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible
It anticipates (as it seems) the subject
As an emph. predicate, of God
In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)
With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.
base
H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)
. It resumes the subj. with emph.
. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible
. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject
. As an emph. predicate, of God
. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)
. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.
1931 huw' hoo
of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a
primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or
it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also
(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;
sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally
(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),
it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,
this, those, which (is), who.
הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.
pron 3p s
1) he, she, it
1a) himself (with emphasis)
1b) resuming subj with emphasis
1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)
1d) (anticipating subj)
1e) (emphasising predicate)
1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron
2) that (with article)
HPp3ms — PronounHPp3ms
עֵשָׂו (Esav) refers to Esau, the hairy eldest son of Isaac and Rebekah, and the twin brother of Jacob. He is noted for selling his birthright for food and is considered the progenitor of the Arab peoples. The name is also associated with Edom, and the entries indicate that it derives from a root meaning 'rough' or 'sensibly felt.'
עֵשָׂו 97 n.pr.m. Esau
base
H6215 עֵשָׂו Esau
6215 `Esav ay-sawv'
apparently a form of the passive participle of 6213 in the
original sense of handling; rough (i.e. sensibly felt); Esav,
a son of Isaac, including his posterity:--Esau.
see HEBREW for 06213
עֵשָׂו (e.sav) — Esau.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.25;
son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259);
brother of: Israel (H3478); married to Oholibamah (H0173), Judith (H3067), Adah (H5711H) and Mahalath (H4258);
father of: Eliphaz (H0464), Reuel (H7467), Jeush (H3266), Jalam (H3281) and Korah (H7141); also called Edom at Gen.25.30; 36.1,8,19,21; 1x,54;
Also named: e.dom (אֱדוֹם "Edom" H0123H)
§ Esau = "hairy"
eldest son of Isaac and Rebecca and twin brother of Jacob; sold the birthright for food when he was hungry and the divine blessing went to Jacob; progenitor of the Arab peoples
עֵשָׂו (e.sav) — Esau.
People descended from Esau = "hairy"
eldest son of Isaac and Rebecca and twin brother of Jacob; sold the birthright for food when he was hungry and the divine blessing went to Jacob; progenitor of the Arab peoples
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
e'-so (`esaw, "hairy"; Esau):
Son of Isaac, twin brother of Jacob. The name was given on account of the hairy covering on his body at birth: "all over like a hairy garment" (Ge 25:25). There was a prenatal foreshadowing of the relation his descendants were to sustain to those of his younger brother, Jacob (Ge 25:23). The moment of his birth also was signalized by a circumstance that betokened the same destiny (Ge 25:26).
The young Esau was fond of the strenuous, daring life of the chase--he became a skillful hunter, "a man of the field" ('ish sadheh). His father warmed toward him rather than toward Jacob, because Esau's hunting expeditions resulted in meats that appealed to the old man's taste (
Esau
Hairy, Rebekah’s first-born twin son (Gen. 25:25). The name of Edom, “red”, was also given to him from his conduct in connection with the red lentil “pottage” for which he sold his birthright (30, 31). The circumstances connected with his birth foreshadowed the enmity which afterwards subsisted between the twin brothers and the nations they founded (25:22, 23, 26). In process of time Jacob, following his natural bent, became a shepherd; while Esau, a “son of the desert,” devoted himself to the perilous and toilsome life of a huntsman. On a certain occasion, on returning from the chase, urged by the cravings of hunger, Esau sold his birthright to his brother, Jacob, who thereby obtained the covenant blessing (Gen. 27:28, 29, 36;
(hairy), the eldest son of Isaac, and twin-brother of Jacob. The singular appearance of the child at his birth originated the name. (Genesis 25:25) Esau’s robust frame and "rough" aspect were the types of a wild and daring nature. He was a thorough Bedouin, a "son of the desert." He was much loved by his father, and was of course his heir, but was induced to sell his birthright to Jacob. Mention of his unhappy marriages may be found in (Genesis 26:34) The next episode in the life of Esau is the loss of his father’s covenant blessing, which Jacob secured through the craft of his mother, and the anger of Esau, who vows vengeance. (Genesis 27:1) ... Later he marries a daughter of Ishmael, (
The son of Isaac, and twin brother of Jacob, Ge 25:1-34. He was the elder of the two, and was therefore legally the heir, but sold his birthright to Jacob. We have an account of his ill-advised marriages, Ge 26:34; of his loss of his father’s chief blessing, and his consequent anger against Jacob, Ge 27:1-46; of their subsequent reconciliation, Ge 32:1-33:20; and of his posterity, Ge 36:1-43. He is also called Edom; and settled in the mountains south of the Dead Sea, extending to the gulf of Akaba, where he became very powerful. This country was called from him the land of Edom, and afterwards IDUMAEA, which see.
אָב (av) means 'father' and encompasses various roles such as the literal father of an individual, God as the father of His people, and the head of a household or clan. It can also refer to an ancestor, originator of a profession, or a figure of respect and protection. Notably, it can imply a ruler or chief in later contexts.
אָב 1101 n.m. father
father of individual
of God as father of his people
head of household, family or clan
ancestor
originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
fig. of producer, generator
fig. of benevolence & protection
term of respect & honor
specif., ruler, chief (late)
base
H1 אָב father . father of individual
. of God as father of his people
. head of household, family or clan
. ancestor
. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
. fig. of producer, generator
. fig. of benevolence & protection
. term of respect & honor
. specif., ruler, chief (late)
1 'ab awb
a primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or
figurative and remote application):--chief,
(fore-)father(-less), X patrimony, principal. Compare names
in "Abi-".
אָב (av) — father.
1) father of an individual
2) of God as father of his people
3) head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan
4) ancestor
4a) grandfather, forefathers - of person
4b) of people
5) originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
6) of producer, generator (fig.)
7) of benevolence and protection (fig.)
8) term of respect and honour
9) ruler or chief (spec.)
Also means: av (אַב "father" H0002)
אָב (av) — (Huram)-abi.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.7.13; also called Huram-abi (KJV: "Huram my father's") at 2Ch.2.13; 4.16;
Combined with chi.ram (חִירָם "Hiram" H2438H)
אָב (av) — father of.
The father of Gibeon, also known as Abiel - a man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.9.1;
son of: Zeror (H6872C); married to Maacah (H4601N);
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֱדוֹם (Edom) refers to both a person and a region. It is derived from the Hebrew word for 'red' and is associated with Esau, Jacob's brother. The term encompasses the Edomites, descendants of Esau, and the land of Edom, located southeast of Palestine. It is first mentioned in Genesis 25:25.
אֱדוֹם († אֱדֹם Ez 25:11) n.pr.m.
Edom
coll. Edomites, Idumeans as descend. of Esau
land of Edom, Idumaea
base
H123 אֱדוֹם . Edom
. coll. Edomites, Idumeans as descend. of Esau
. land of Edom, Idumaea
123 'Edom ed-ome'
or (fully) oEdowm {ed-ome'}; from 122; red (see Gen. 25:25);
Edom, the elder twin-brother of Jacob; hence the region
(Idumaea) occupied by him:--Edom, Edomites, Idumea.
see HEBREW for 0122
אֱדוֹם (e.dom) — Edom.
Edom = "red"
land of Edom, Idumea-land south and south east of Palestine
אֱדוֹם (e.dom) — Edom.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.25;
son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259);
brother of: Israel (H3478); married to Oholibamah (H0173), Judith (H3067), Adah (H5711H) and Mahalath (H4258);
father of: Eliphaz (H0464), Reuel (H7467), Jeush (H3266), Jalam (H3281) and Korah (H7141); also called Edom at Gen.25.30; 36.1,8,19,21; 1x,54;
Another name of e.sav (עֵשָׂו "Esau" H6215G)
§ Edom = "red"
1) Edom
2) Edomite, Idumean-descendants of Esau
3) land of Edom, Idumea-land south and south east of Palestine
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Edom
(1.) The name of Esau (q.v.), Gen. 25:30, “Feed me, I pray thee, with that same red pottage [Heb. haadom, haadom, i.e., ‘the red pottage, the red pottage’] ...Therefore was his name called Edom”, i.e., Red.
(2.) Idumea (Isa. 34:5, 6; Ezek. 35:15). “The field of Edom” (Gen. 32:3), “the land of Edom” (Gen. 36:16), was mountainous (Obad. 1:8, 9, 19, 21). It was called the land, or “the mountain of Seir,” the rough hills on the east side of the Arabah. It extended from the head of the Gulf of Akabah, the Elanitic gulf, to the foot of the Dead Sea (
Red, a name of Esau, Isaac’s eldest son, appropriate on account of his natural complexion, but given, it would seem, from the current name of food for which he sold his birthright-"that same red," Ge 25:25,30. See ESAU and IDUMEA.
red, earthy; of blood
→ (Signifies red)
1. A name of Esau, possibly on account of his being covered with red hair Ge 25:25,30; 36:1,8,19
2. A name of the land occupied by the descendants of Esau
It extended from the Elanitic Gulf to the Red Sea, and was also called IDUMEA Ge 32:3; 36:16,17,21; Jer 40:11
Noted for its wise men Ob 1:8
Sins of Ob 1:10-14
Prophecies concerning Jer 25:21-23; 27:1-11; Da 11:41
See EDOMITES
FIGURATIVE of the foes of Zion Isa 63:1