1 Chronicles 4:14 — Word Study
WLCוּמְעוֹנֹתַ֖י הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־ עָפְרָ֑ה וּשְׂרָיָ֗ה הוֹלִ֤יד אֶת־ יוֹאָב֙ אֲבִי֙ גֵּ֣יא חֲרָשִׁ֔ים כִּ֥י חֲרָשִׁ֖ים הָיֽוּ׃ פ
BSA◂MeonothaiMᵉʻôwnôthay [an Israelite from Judah] was the father ofyâlad■ [ancestor, progenitor] OphrahʻOphrâh ◂and SeraiahSᵉrâyâh [Jehovah is ruler] was the father ofyâlad■ JoabYôwʼâb the fatherʼâb [leader, founder] of those living ingayʼ ◂Ge-harashimChărâshîym△ [valley of craftsmen, Charashim] [which was given this name] becausekîy [designated, appointed] [its people] werehâyâh■ [skilled as] ◂craftsmenchârâsh [artificers, skilled workers]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּמְעוֹנֹתַ֖י | and Meonothai | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| הוֹלִ֣יד | he fathered | Verb, Hiphil, perfect third person masculine singular |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| עָפְרָ֑ה | Ophrah | Noun proper masculine |
| וּשְׂרָיָ֗ה | and Seraiah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| הוֹלִ֤יד | he fathered | Verb, Hiphil, perfect third person masculine singular |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| יוֹאָב֙ | Joab | Noun proper masculine |
| אֲבִי֙ | [the] father of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| גֵּ֣יא | Ge | Noun common, both singular construct |
| חֲרָשִׁ֔ים | Harashim | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| כִּ֥י | for | Particle |
| חֲרָשִׁ֖ים | craftsmen | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| הָיֽוּ׃ פ | they were | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Meonothai was the father of Ophrah, and Seraiah was the father of Joab, the father of those living in Ge-harashim, which was given this name because its people were craftsmen. |
| KJV | And Meonothai begat Ophrah: and Seraiah begat Joab, the father of the valley of Charashim; for they were craftsmen. |
| ASV | And Meonothai begat Ophrah: and Seraiah begat Joab the father of Ge-harashim; for they were craftsmen. |
| YLT | And Meonothai begat Ophrah, and Seraiah begat Joab father of the valley of artificers, for they were artificers. |
| WEB | Meonothai became the father of Ophrah: and Seraiah became the father of Joab the father of Ge Harashim, for they were craftsmen. |
| BBE | And Meonothai was the father of Ophrah; and Seraiah was the father of Joab, the father of Ge-harashim; they were expert workmen. |
Where they part company is חֲרָשִׁ֖ים — see How Translations Differ.
The structure consists of two main clauses connected by a conjunction, with additional phrases providing context about the subjects and their significance.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectמְעוֹנֹתַי
verbיָלַד
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 14 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 4:14
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Genealogy of Judahgenerated
1 Chronicles 4:14 presents a genealogy that highlights the significance of Meonothai and Seraiah as ancestors of notable figures in Israel. This verse connects the lineage of Judah to the craftsmanship of the people living in Ge-harashim, emphasizing their skills and contributions to society.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Kings 24:14 | He carried into exile all Jerusalem—all the commanders and mighty men of valor, all the craftsmen and metalsmiths—ten thousand captives in all. Only the poorest people of the land remained. |
| 2 | Nehemiah 11:35 | Lod, and Ono; and in the Valley of the Craftsmen. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מְעוֹנֹתַי, u.me.'o.no.Taigenerated
The name מְעוֹנֹתַי (meonotai) means "my habitations" and refers to a man from the tribe of Judah, specifically mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:14. The word is a plural form derived from another Hebrew term, indicating a habitative context.
As a proper noun, it identifies Meonothai as an ancestor in the genealogical record, linking him to the tribe of Judah and his descendants. This establishes a familial connection that is significant in the historical narrative of Israel.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb הוֹלִ֣יד (he fathered) governs the structure, leading to two subjects: Meonothai and Seraiah, each followed by their respective objects, Ophrah and Joab. The sentence is built around these genealogical connections.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the lineage, with the subjects preceding the verbs, highlighting the significance of their roles as ancestors within the context of Israel's history.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מְעוֹנֹתַי as μαναθι, which suggests a transliteration rather than a direct translation, possibly indicating a broader understanding of the name's significance in the Greek-speaking world.
The choice of ἐγέννησεν for הוֹלִ֣יד emphasizes the act of fathering, aligning closely with the meaning in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 4:14 tells us that Meonothai was the father of Ophrah, and Seraiah was the father of Joab, who led those living in Ge-harashim, a place named for its skilled craftsmen.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Meonothai was an ancestor from Judah, and Seraiah was a significant figure, fathering Joab, a key leader in Israel's history.
Ge-harashim, meaning 'valley of craftsmen,' highlights the importance of skilled labor and craftsmanship in the community.
Genealogies establish lineage, heritage, and the fulfillment of God's promises through specific families in Israel's history.
Ophrah means 'fawn' and refers to both a personal name and locations in ancient Israel.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How does understanding the genealogy in this verse help us appreciate the history of Israel?
- What role do craftsmen play in our communities today, similar to those in Ge-harashim?
- In what ways can we honor our ancestors and their contributions to our lives?
- How does the meaning of names in the Bible enhance our understanding of the characters?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 4:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Meonothai,.... Another son of Othniel: begat Ophrah; and Seraiah, the brother of Othniel, begat Joab; not David's general, but another of the same name, who lived long before him, see 1
Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 4 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Meonothai begat Ophrah: and Seraiah begat Joab, the father of the valley of Charashim; for they were craftsmen.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 4 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe father of the valley, i.e. of the inhabitants of the valley.
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 4 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Chronicles 4:14 And Meonothai begat Ophrah: and Seraiah begat Joab, the father of the valley of Charashim; for they were craftsmen.Ver. 14. For they were craftsmen.] Opifices Deo curae sunt. God takes notice of, and care for poor handicraftsmen, who live by their hard labour, who get it and eat it. Yea, the apostle Peter showeth that a poor servant, when he suffereth hard words and ill usage from his master, doth herein find acceptance with God.
Read John Trapp on 1 Chronicles 4 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges14. Meonothai] perhaps a son of Othniel. the valley of Charashim] R.V. marg. the valley of craftsmen. It is mentioned Nehemiah 11:35 along with Lod (the Lydda of Act 9:32) and therefore was probably near Lydda.
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 4 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe words “and Meonothai” should he added to the end of 1 Chronicles 4:13; but they should be retained also at the commencement of 1 Chronicles 4:14. Or, see the marginal note.
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Chronicles 4 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible14. The father of the valley of Charashim — That is, father of those who dwelt there, and founder, so to speak, of the institution which gave the place its name.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Chronicles 4 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Meonothai was the father of Ophrah, and Seraiah was the father of Joab, the father of those living in Ge-harashim, which was given this name because its people were craftsmen.
Meonothai became the father of Ophrah: and Seraiah became the father of Joab the father of Ge Harashim, for they were craftsmen.
Meonothai was the father of Ophrah, and Seraiah was the father of Joab, the father of those living in Ge-harashim, which was given this name because its people were craftsmen.
Meonothai was the father of Ophrah. Seraiah was the father of Joab, the father of those who live in Ge Harashim, who were craftsmen.
Tyndale line
And Meonothai begat Ophrah: and Seraiah begat Joab, the father of the valley of Charashim; for they were craftsmen.
And Meonothai begat Ophrah: and Seraiah begat Joab the father of Ge-harashim; for they were craftsmen.
And Meonothai begat Ophrah: and Seraiah begat Joab the father of Ge-harashim; for they were craftsmen.
And Meonothai begat Ophrah: and Seraiah begat Joab, the father of the valley of Charashim; for they were artificers.
And Meonothai begate Ophrah. And Seraiah begate Ioab the father of the valley of craftesmen: for they were craftesmen.
Strictly literal
And Meonothai begot Ophrah: and Seraiah begot Joab, the father of the valley of craftsmen; for they were craftsmen.
And Meonothai begat Ophrah, and Seraiah begat Joab father of the valley of artificers, for they were artificers.
And Meonothai begot Ophrah, and Seraiah begot Joab father of the Valley of the Craftsmen, for they were craftsmen.
And Me'onothai begat 'Ophrah: and Serayah begat Joab, the father of the valley of the carpenters; for they were carpenters.
Meonothai became the father of Ophrah, and Seraiah became the father of Joab, the originator of Ge-Harashim, whose people were craftsmen.
From the Latin
Maonathi beget Ophra, and Saraia begot Joab the father of the Valley of artificers: for artificers were there.
Simplified
Meonothai was the father of Ophrah. Seraiah was the father of Joab, the father of Ge Harashim, so called because craftsmen lived there.
And Meonothai was the father of Ophrah; and Seraiah was the father of Joab, the father of Ge-harashim; they were expert workmen.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show agreement in the overall structure and meaning of the verse, with 9 of the 14 words matched. However, the Septuagint's word order and articles differ, reflecting a distinct translation approach.
וּמְעוֹנֹתַ֖י הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־ עָפְרָ֑ה וּשְׂרָיָ֗ה הוֹלִ֤יד אֶת־ יוֹאָב֙ אֲבִי֙ גֵּ֣יא חֲרָשִׁ֔ים כִּ֥י חֲרָשִׁ֖ים הָיֽוּ׃ פ
9 of the 14 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 4:14
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מְעוֹנֹתַי (Meonothai) is a Hebrew name meaning "my habitations." It refers to a man from the tribe of Judah, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:14, as a son of Othniel and a brother of Hathath. The word is a plural form derived from another Hebrew term, indicating a habitative context.
מְעוֹנֹתַי n.pr.m. name in Judah 1 Ch 4:14
ref
H4587 מְעוֹנֹתַי
4587 M`ownothay meh-o-no-thah'-ee
plural of 4585; habitative; Meonothai, an
Israelite:--Meonothai.
see HEBREW for 04585
מְעוֹנֹתַי (me.o.no.tay) — Meonothai.
A man of the tribe of Judah living before Israel's Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.14;
son of: Othniel (H6274)(?) whose wife was Achsah (H5915);
brother of: Hathath (H2867)(?);
father of: Ophrah (H6084I)
§ Meonothai = "my habitations"
a son of Othniel, the younger brother of Caleb
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
me-on'-o-thi, me-o'-no-thi, me-o-no'-thi (me`onothai, "my dwellings"): A son of Othniel, nephew of Caleb (1Ch 4:14). Possibly, as the King James Version margin suggests, and the Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) and Complutensian Septuagint say, 1Ch 4:13,14 should read "the sons of Othniel, Hathath and Meonothai; and Meonothai begat Ophrah," etc. The latter may be founder of the town of that name.
(my habitations), one of the sons of Othniel, the younger brother of Caleb. (1 Chronicles 4:14)
→ Father of Ophrah 1Ch 4:14
The Hebrew word יָלַד (*yalad*) means to bear, bring forth, or beget, and it encompasses various forms of childbirth and lineage declaration. It can refer to both the act of giving birth and the role of a midwife. The entries also note its use in contexts of distress and wicked behavior, as well as in reference to birthdays.
יָלַד 497 vb. bear, bring forth, beget
Qal
bear, bring forth
less often beget
of both parents
Niph. be born
Pi. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife
Pu. be born
Hiph.
beget (a father a child)
bear
Hoph. day of one's being born = birthday
Hithp. declared their pedigree
base
H3205 יָלַד bear, bring forth, beget .. bear, bring forth
. less often beget
. of both parents
. be born
. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife
. be born
. . beget (a father a child)
. bear
. day of one's being born = birthday
. declared their pedigree
3205 yalad yaw-lad'
a primitive root; to bear young; causatively, to beget;
medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show
lineage:--bear, beget, birth((-day)), born, (make to) bring
forth (children, young), bring up, calve, child, come, be
delivered (of a child), time of delivery, gender, hatch,
labour, (do the office of a) midwife, declare pedigrees, be
the son of, (woman in, woman that) travail(-eth, -ing woman).
יָלַד (ya.lad) — to beget.
1) to bear, bringforth, beget, gender, travail
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to bear, bring forth
1a1a) of child birth
1a1b) of distress (simile)
1a1c) of wicked (behaviour)
1a2) to beget
1b) (Niphal) to be born
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to cause or help to bring forth
1c2) to assist or tend as a midwife
1c3) midwife (participle)
1d) (Pual) to be born
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to beget (a child)
1e2) to bear (fig. -of wicked bringing forth iniquity)
1f) (Hophal) day of birth, birthday (infinitive)
1g) (Hithpael) to declare one's birth (pedigree)
V-Hiphil-Perf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · perfect third person masculine singularHVhp3ms
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
עָפְרָה (Ophrah) means "fawn" and refers to both a personal name and locations in ancient Israel. It is identified as a town in Benjamin and another in Manasseh, associated with Gideon. Additionally, there is mention of a man from Judah named Ophrah in 1 Chronicles 4:14.
עָפְרָה n.pr.
loc.
in Benj.
in Manasseh
m. in Judah
base
H6084 עָפְרָה
6084 `Ophrah of-raw'
feminine of 6082; female fawn; Ophrah, the name of an
Israelite and of two places in Palestine:--Ophrah.
see HEBREW for 06082
עׇפְרָה (oph.rah) — Ophrah.
Ophrah = "fawn"
a town of Benjamin approximately 5 miles (8 km) east of Bethel
Also named: bet le.aph.rah (בֵּית לְעַפְרָה "Beth-le-aphrah" H1036)
עׇפְרָה (oph.rah) — Ophrah.
Ophrah = "fawn"
a place in Manasseh, native place of Gideon; probably located close to Shechem
Also named: cha.pha.ra.yim (חֲפָרַיִם "Hapharaim" H2663)
עׇפְרָה (oph.rah) — Ophrah.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.14;
son of: Meonothai (H4587)
§ Ophrah = "fawn"
a Judaite, son of Meonothai
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
of'-ra (`ophrah; Codex Vaticanus Aphra; Codex Alexandrinus Iephratha, etc.):
(1) A town in the territory allotted to Benjamin named between Parah and Chephar-ammoni (Jos 18:23). It is mentioned again in 1Sa 13:17. The Philistines who were encamped at Michmash sent out marauding bands, one of which went westward, another eastward, down "the valley of Zeboim toward the wilderness"; the third "turned unto the way that leadeth to Ophrah, unto the land of Shual." This must have been northward, as Saul commanded the passage to the South. Eusebius, Onomasticon places it 5 Roman miles East of Bethel. A site which comes near to fulfilling these conditions is eT-Taiyebeh, which stands on a conical hill some 5 miles Northeast of Beitin. This is possibly identical with "Ephron" (
Ophrah
A fawn. 1 Chr. 4:14. (1.) A city of Benjamin (Josh. 18:23); probably identical with Ephron (2 Chr. 13:19) and Ephraim (John 11:54).
(2.) “Of the Abi-ezrites.” A city of Manasseh, 6 miles south-west of Shechem, the residence of Gideon (Judg. 6:11; 8:27, 32). After his great victory over the Midianites, he slew at this place the captive kings (8:18-21). He then assumed the function of high priest, and sought to make Ophrah what Shiloh should have been. This thing “became a snare” to Gideon and his house. After Gideon’s death his family resided here till they were put to death by Abimelech (
(fawn). A town in the tribe of Benjamin. (Joshua 18:23; 1 Samuel 13:17) Jerome places it five miles east of Bethel. It is perhaps et-Taiyibeh , a small village on the crown of a conspicuous hill, four miles east-northeast of Beitin (Bethel). More fully, OPHRAH OF THE ABIEZRITES, the native place of Gideon (Judges 6:11) and the scene of his exploits against Baal, ver. (Judges 6:24) his residence after his accession to power ch. (Judges 9:5) and the place of his burial in the family sepulchre. ch. (Judges 8:32) It was probably In Manasseh, ch. (
1. A town of the Benjamites, located by Eusebius five miles east of Bethel; near which site stands the modern village Taiyibeh, on a conical hill, Jos 18:23; 1Sa 13:17.
2. A town of Manesseh where Gideon resided; and where after his death his ephod was superstitiously adored, Jud 6:11-24; 8:27.
שְׂרָיָה (Srayah) refers to a name meaning 'Jah has prevailed.' It is associated with several individuals in the Old Testament, including a secretary of David and a chief priest during the Babylonian exile. The entries highlight various Seraiahs, including a Levite and a Simeonite, indicating a broad usage of the name across different contexts.
שְׂרָיָה(וּ) n.pr.m. (י׳ persisteth)
secretary of David
chief priest
a captain
son of Kenaz
name in Simeon
Levite name
companion of Zerub.
father of Ezra
one sealed
priest
officer of king Jehoiakim
base
H8304 שְׂרָיָה(וּ), שְׂרָיָה, שְׂרָיָהוּ
8304 Srayah ser-aw-yaw'
or Srayahuw {ser-aw-yaw'-hoo}; from 8280 and 3050; Jah has
prevailed; Serajah, the name of nine Israelites:--Seraiah.
see HEBREW for 08280
see HEBREW for 03050
שְׂרָיָהוּ (se.ra.yah) — Seraiah.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.8.17;
father of: Elihoreph (H0456) and Ahijah (H0281); also called Shavsha at 1Ch.18.16; Sheva(Ketiv: Sheya) at 2Sa.20.25; Shisha at 1Ki.4.3;
§ Seraiah = "Jehovah is ruler"
1) the scribe or secretary of David
2) son of Azariah, father of Jehozadak, and the chief priest in the reign of king Zedekiah of Judah and at the time of the capture of Jerusalem
3) son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite and one of the men who went to Gedaliah, the governor over Judah appointed by Nebuchadnezzar, and gave their oath to serve the king of Babylon
4) a Judaite, son of Kenaz, brother of Othniel, and father of Joab
5) a Simeonite, father of Josibiah and grandfather of Jehu
6) a people of the province who returned from exile with Zerubbabel
6a) maybe the same as 10
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
se-ra'-ya, se-ri'-a (serayahu, "Yah hath prevailed"; Septuagint Saraias, or Saraia):
(1) Secretary of David (2Sa 8:17); in 2Sa 20:25 he is called Sheva; in 1Ki 4:3 the name appears as Shisha. This last or Shasha would be restored elsewhere by some critics; others prefer the form Shavsha, which is found in 1Ch 18:16.
(2) A high priest in the reign of Zedekiah; executed with other prominent captives at Riblah by order of Nebuchadnezzar (2Ki 25:18,21; Jer 52:24,27). Mentioned in the list of high priests (1Ch 6:14).…
Seraiah
Soldier of Jehovah. (1.) The father of Joab (1 Chr. 4:13, 14).
(2.) The grandfather of Jehu (1 Chr. 4:35).
(3.) One of David’s scribes or secretaries (2 Sam. 8:17).
(4.) A Netophathite (Jer. 40:8), a chief priest of the time of Zedekiah. He was carried captive by Nebuchadnezzar to Babylon, and there put to death (2 Kings 25:18, 23).
The king’s scribe or secretary in the reign of David. (2 Samuel 8:17) (B.C. 1043.) The high priest in the reign of Zedekiah. (2 Kings 25:18; 1 Chronicles 6:14; Jeremiah 52:24) (B.C. 594.) The son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite. (2 Kings 25:23; Jeremiah 40:8) The son of Kenaz and brother of Othniel. (1 Chronicles 4:13,14) Ancestor of Jehu a Simeonite chieftain. (1 Chronicles 4:35) One of the children of the province who returned with Zerubbabel. (
The Hebrew word יָלַד (*yalad*) means to bear, bring forth, or beget, and it encompasses various forms of childbirth and lineage declaration. It can refer to both the act of giving birth and the role of a midwife. The entries also note its use in contexts of distress and wicked behavior, as well as in reference to birthdays.
יָלַד 497 vb. bear, bring forth, beget
Qal
bear, bring forth
less often beget
of both parents
Niph. be born
Pi. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife
Pu. be born
Hiph.
beget (a father a child)
bear
Hoph. day of one's being born = birthday
Hithp. declared their pedigree
base
H3205 יָלַד bear, bring forth, beget .. bear, bring forth
. less often beget
. of both parents
. be born
. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife
. be born
. . beget (a father a child)
. bear
. day of one's being born = birthday
. declared their pedigree
3205 yalad yaw-lad'
a primitive root; to bear young; causatively, to beget;
medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show
lineage:--bear, beget, birth((-day)), born, (make to) bring
forth (children, young), bring up, calve, child, come, be
delivered (of a child), time of delivery, gender, hatch,
labour, (do the office of a) midwife, declare pedigrees, be
the son of, (woman in, woman that) travail(-eth, -ing woman).
יָלַד (ya.lad) — to beget.
1) to bear, bringforth, beget, gender, travail
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to bear, bring forth
1a1a) of child birth
1a1b) of distress (simile)
1a1c) of wicked (behaviour)
1a2) to beget
1b) (Niphal) to be born
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to cause or help to bring forth
1c2) to assist or tend as a midwife
1c3) midwife (participle)
1d) (Pual) to be born
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to beget (a child)
1e2) to bear (fig. -of wicked bringing forth iniquity)
1f) (Hophal) day of birth, birthday (infinitive)
1g) (Hithpael) to declare one's birth (pedigree)
V-Hiphil-Perf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · perfect third person masculine singularHVhp3ms
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
יוֹאָב (Yow'ab) means 'Jehovah is father' and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament, primarily Joab, the nephew of King David and commander of his army. The name is built from elements meaning 'Jehovah' and 'father.' Joab is first mentioned in 1 Samuel 26:6, and other references include genealogical mentions during and after the exile.
יוֹאָב n.pr.m. (י׳ is father)
David’s sister’s son & captain of host
a descendant of Judah
a family-name after exile
base
H3097 יוֹאָב
3097 Yow'ab yo-awb'
from 3068 and 1; Jehovah-fathered; Joab, the name of three
Israelites:--Joab.
see HEBREW for 03068
see HEBREW for 01
יוֹאָב (yo.av) — Joab.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.26.6; his mother was Zeruiah (H6870);
brother of: Abishai (H0052) and Asahel (H6214)
§ Joab = "Jehovah is father"
1) son of David's sister Zeruiah and general of David's army
2) a Judaite descendant of Kenaz
3) a post exilic family
יוֹאָב (yo.av) — Joab.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.14;
son of: Seraiah (H8304J)
§ Joab = "Jehovah is father"
1) son of David's sister Zeruiah and general of David's army
2) a Judaite descendant of Kenaz
3) a post exilic family
יוֹאָב (yo.av) — Joab.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.2.6;
son of: Pahath-moab (H6355);
brother of: Jeshua (H3442I)
§ Joab = "Jehovah is father"
1) son of David's sister Zeruiah and general of David's army
2) a Judaite descendant of Kenaz
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
jo'-ab (yo'-abh, "Yahweh is father"; Ioab):
(1) Son of Zeruiah, David's sister. He was "captain of the host" (compare 2Sa 19:13) under David.
1. Joab and Abner:
(a) Joab is first introduced in the narrative of the war with Abner, who supported the claims of Ishbosheth to the throne against those of David (2Sa 2:8-3:1). The two armies met, and on Abner's suggestion a tournament took place between 12 men from each side; a general engagement follows, and in this Joab's army is victorious. Asahel, Joab's brother, is killed in his pursuit of Abner, but the latter's army is sorely pressed, and he appeals to Joab for a cessation of hostilities. Joab calls a halt, but declares that he would not cease had Abner not made his plea.
Joab
Jehovah is his father. (1.) One of the three sons of Zeruiah, David’s sister, and “captain of the host” during the whole of David’s reign (2 Sam. 2:13; 10:7; 11:1; 1 Kings 11:15). His father’s name is nowhere mentioned, although his sepulchre at Bethlehem is mentioned (2 Sam. 2:32). His two brothers were Abishai and Asahel, the swift of foot, who was killed by Abner (2 Sam. 2:13-32), whom Joab afterwards treacherously murdered (3:22-27). He afterwards led the assault at the storming of the fortress on Mount Zion, and for this service was raised to the rank of “prince of the king’s army” (2 Sam. 5:6-10;
(whose father is Jehovah), the most remarkable of the three nephews of David, the children of Zeruiah, David’s sister. (B.C. 1053-1012.) Joab first appears after David’s accession to the throne at Hebron. Abner slew in battle Asahel, the youngest brother of Joab; and when David afterward received Abner into favor, Joab treacherously murdered him. [ABNER] There was now no rival left in the way of Joab’s advancement, and at the siege of Jebus he was appointed for his prowess commander-in-chief --"captain of the host." In the wide range of wars which David undertook, Joab was the acting general. He was called by the almost regal title of "lord," (2 Samuel 11:11) "the prince of the king’s army." (1 Chronicles 27:34) In the entangled relations which grew up in David’s domestic life…
Son of Zeruiah, David’s sister, and brother of Abishai and Asahel, was the commander of David’s army during almost the whole of his reign, 2Sa 5:6-10. He was a valiant warrior, and an able general; and his great influence on public affairs was often exerted for good, as in the rebellion of Absalom, and the numbering of Israel, 2Sa 18:1-19:42 24:1-25. But as a man he was imperious, revengeful, and unscrupulous: witness his treacherous assassination of Abner, and of his cousin Amasa, 2Sa 3:27 20:9-10; his bearing towards David, 2Sa 3:39 19:5, and connivance with him in the matter of Uriah; his slaying Absalom, and conspiring with Adonijah against the divinely appointed heir to…
אָב (av) means 'father' and encompasses various roles such as the literal father of an individual, God as the father of His people, and the head of a household or clan. It can also refer to an ancestor, originator of a profession, or a figure of respect and protection. Notably, it can imply a ruler or chief in later contexts.
אָב 1101 n.m. father
father of individual
of God as father of his people
head of household, family or clan
ancestor
originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
fig. of producer, generator
fig. of benevolence & protection
term of respect & honor
specif., ruler, chief (late)
base
H1 אָב father . father of individual
. of God as father of his people
. head of household, family or clan
. ancestor
. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
. fig. of producer, generator
. fig. of benevolence & protection
. term of respect & honor
. specif., ruler, chief (late)
1 'ab awb
a primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or
figurative and remote application):--chief,
(fore-)father(-less), X patrimony, principal. Compare names
in "Abi-".
אָב (av) — father.
1) father of an individual
2) of God as father of his people
3) head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan
4) ancestor
4a) grandfather, forefathers - of person
4b) of people
5) originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
6) of producer, generator (fig.)
7) of benevolence and protection (fig.)
8) term of respect and honour
9) ruler or chief (spec.)
Also means: av (אַב "father" H0002)
אָב (av) — (Huram)-abi.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.7.13; also called Huram-abi (KJV: "Huram my father's") at 2Ch.2.13; 4.16;
Combined with chi.ram (חִירָם "Hiram" H2438H)
אָב (av) — father of.
The father of Gibeon, also known as Abiel - a man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.9.1;
son of: Zeror (H6872C); married to Maacah (H4601N);
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
גַּיְא (gay) means 'valley' and specifically refers to a steep, narrow gorge. It is likely derived from a root meaning related to height. The term appears in various combinations with names of locations, indicating specific valleys, such as Topheth and Zeboim. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meaning.
גַּיְא n.m. valley
base
H1516 גַּיְא valley
1516 gay' gah'-ee
or (shortened) gay {gah'-ee}; probably (by transmutation)
from the same root as 1466 (abbreviated); a gorge (from its
lofty sides; hence, narrow, but not a gully or
winter-torrent):--valley.
see HEBREW for 01466
גַּיְא (gay) — Valley.
valley, a steep valley, narrow gorge
Another name of to.phet (תֹּ֫פֶת "Topheth" H8612)
גַּיְא (gay) — (Iphtahel) Valley.
valley, a steep valley, narrow gorge
Combined with yiph.tach-el (יִפְתַּח־אֵל " of Iphtahel" H3317)
גַּיְא (gay) — (Zeboim) Valley.
valley, a steep valley, narrow gorge
Combined with tse.vo.im (צְבֹעִים " of Zeboim" H6650H)
גַּיְא (gay) — (Salt) Valley.
valley, a steep valley, narrow gorge
Combined with me.lach (מֶ֫לַח " of Salt" H4417H)
גַּיְא (gay) — Ge.
§ valley, a steep valley, narrow gorge
גַּיְא (gay) — (Zephathah) Valley.
valley, a steep valley, narrow gorge
Combined with tse.pha.tah (צְפַ֫תָה "Zephathah" H6859)
גַּיְא (gay) — Valley (Gate).
§ valley, a steep valley, narrow gorge
גַּיְא (gay) — (Hamon-gog) Valley.
valley, a steep valley, narrow gorge
N-cs — Noun common · both singular constructHNcbsc
חֶ֫רֶשׁ (Charashiym) is a plural form referring to craftsmen or mechanics, and it is associated with a valley in Jerusalem called Charashim, meaning 'valley of craftsmen.' The word is built from the root meaning to cut, engrave, or plough, which indicates a connection to manual work or creation.
[חָרַשׁ] vb. cut in, engrave, plough, devise
Qal
cut in, engrave
plough
devise
Niph. Zion, as a field she shall be ploughed
Hiph. fabricating mischief against
base
H2798 חֶ֫רֶשׁ, חֲרָשִׁים
2798 Charashiym khar-aw-sheem'
plural of 2796; mechanics, the name of a valley in
Jerusalem:--Charashim, craftsmen.
see HEBREW for 02796
חֲרָשִׁים (cha.ra.shim) — (Ge)-harashim.
Charashim or Harashim = "valley of craftsmen"
a valley near Lydda, a few miles east of Joppa, founded by Joab of Othniel's family
Combined with gay (גַּיְא "Ge" H1516K)
N-proper — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'
כִּי conj. that, for, when
that
Of time, when, of the past
elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
Because, since
base
כִּי אם־
each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
that if
for if
(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—
limiting the prec. clause, except
the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
after an oath, surely
base
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that
. . Of time, when, of the past
. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
. Because, since
H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if
. for if
. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except
. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
. after an oath, surely
H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
3588 kiy kee
a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional
prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent
or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative
conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by
other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,
where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,
even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +
nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,
therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,
whether, while, whom, yea, yet.
כִּי (ki) — for.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if
1f) but rather, but
1g) except that
1h) only, nevertheless
1i) surely
1j) that is
1k) but if
1l) for though
1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.
1) except if
1a) but if
1b) even though
כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
Conj — ParticleHTc
for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.
In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…
חָרָשׁ (charash) refers to a craftsman or artificer, encompassing roles such as engraver, carpenter, and worker in various materials. The word is derived from a root meaning to fabricate or work skillfully. It can also figuratively describe someone skilled in destruction, like warriors. The entries consistently highlight its connection to craftsmanship without notable disagreement.
חָרָשׁ n.m. graver, artificer
base
H2796 חָרָשׁ graver, artificer
2796 charash khaw-rawsh'
from 2790; a fabricator or any material:--artificer, (+)
carpenter, craftsman, engraver, maker, + mason, skilful, (+)
smith, worker, workman, such as wrought.
see HEBREW for 02790
חָרָשׁ, חֲרָשִׁים (cha.rash) — artificer.
1) craftsman, artisan, engraver, graver, artificer
1a) graver, artificer
1b) skilful to destroy (warriors) (fig.)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp