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Ezekiel 26:4 — Word Study

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WLCוְשִׁחֲת֞וּ חֹמ֣וֹת צֹ֗ר וְהָֽרְסוּ֙ מִגְדָּלֶ֔יהָ וְסִֽחֵיתִ֥י עֲפָרָ֖הּ מִמֶּ֑נָּה וְנָתַתִּ֥י אוֹתָ֖הּ לִצְחִ֥יחַ סָֽלַע׃

BSAThey will destroyshâchath [completely ruin, overthrow] the wallschôwmâh [fortifications, strongholds] of TyreTsôr [a major Phoenician city] and demolishhâraç [tear down, break] her towersmigdâl [high structures, elevated stages] I will scrapeçâchâh [sweep away, remove] the soilʻâphâr [dust, dry earth] from hermin and makenâthan herʼêth a baretsᵉchîyach [exposed, uncovered] rockçelaʻ [crag, cliff]

Word
Listen & take awayEzekiel 26
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 4 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Sa.la') — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Ezekiel 26:4quick helps
In a sentenceGod declares judgment on Tyre, promising complete destruction of its fortifications and a transformation into a bare rock.
Who is speakingThe Lord GOD, delivering a message of impending doom to Tyre.
Where we areIn the context of God's judgment against Tyre, a significant Phoenician city.
The hard wordשִׁחֲת֞וּ
Take awayThe walls and towers of Tyre will be completely destroyed, leaving only bare rock.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbשָׁחַת The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 12 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Ezekiel 26:4

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — God's Judgment Against Tyregenerated

3therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Behold, O Tyre, I am against you, and I will raise up many nations against you, as the sea brings up its waves.
4They will destroy the walls of Tyre and demolish her towers. I will scrape the soil from her and make her a bare rock.
5She will become a place to spread nets in the sea, for I have spoken, declares the Lord GOD. She will become plunder for the nations,
6and the villages on her mainland will be slain by the sword. Then they will know that I am the LORD.’

Ezekiel 26:4 is part of a prophecy where God announces His judgment against Tyre, a prominent city of the Phoenicians. The surrounding verses emphasize the totality of destruction that will befall Tyre, illustrating God's sovereignty and the consequences of its actions. This judgment serves as a warning to other nations about the seriousness of defiance against God.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Ezekiel 26:9He will direct the blows of his battering rams against your walls and tear down your towers with his axes.
2Isaiah 23:11The LORD has stretched out His hand over the sea; He has made kingdoms tremble. He has given a command that the strongholds of Canaan be destroyed.
3Jeremiah 5:10Go up through her vineyards and ravage them, but do not finish them off. Strip off her branches, for they do not belong to the LORD.
4Amos 1:10So I will send fire upon the walls of Tyre to consume its citadels.”
5Zechariah 9:3Tyre has built herself a fortress; she has heaped up silver like dust, and gold like the dirt of the streets.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word שִׁחֲת֞וּ, shiḥātugenerated

The verb שָׁחַת (shachath) means to ruin or destroy. It conveys a sense of complete devastation, indicating that something is not just damaged but utterly ruined. The Piel form used here emphasizes the intensity of the action, suggesting a thorough and deliberate act of destruction.

This word appears frequently in contexts that describe both physical and moral decay, highlighting its versatility in conveying various forms of ruin. In this verse, it underscores the total obliteration of Tyre's defenses.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The Berean Standard Bible renders the verse with destroy and demolish, which align closely with the original Hebrew meanings.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse contains multiple clauses, each detailing an action of destruction. The main verbs are שִׁחֲת֞וּ (they will destroy) and הָֽרְסוּ֙ (they will tear down), indicating sequential actions against Tyre's walls and towers.

The structure emphasizes a series of destructive actions, culminating in the transformation of Tyre into a bare rock, which is expressed in the final clause.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates שִׁחֲת֞וּ as καταβαλοῦσιν, meaning 'they will throw down'. This choice reflects a similar sense of destruction but may carry a slightly different nuance of forceful removal.

This translation choice indicates a focus on the act of throwing down, aligning with the Hebrew's emphasis on complete destruction.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Ezekiel 26:4 describes how God will bring destruction upon Tyre, stating that its walls and towers will be torn down, and the soil will be scraped away, leaving only a bare rock. This verse emphasizes the totality of God's judgment against this important city.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that Tyre's walls will be destroyed?

It signifies the complete downfall of Tyre's defenses and power, illustrating God's judgment against the city.

Why is Tyre significant in this prophecy?

Tyre was a major trade center and a powerful city in the ancient world, making its destruction a significant event.

What does 'bare rock' symbolize in this context?

It symbolizes total desolation and the removal of all that once provided security and strength to Tyre.

How does this verse relate to God's judgment in other parts of the Bible?

It reflects a consistent theme in Scripture where God judges nations for their actions, serving as a warning to others.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What can I learn from God's judgment against Tyre about the consequences of turning away from Him?
  2. How does the imagery of destruction in this verse challenge my understanding of security and strength?
  3. In what ways can I apply the lessons from Tyre's downfall to my own life and community?
  4. How does this prophecy encourage me to reflect on the importance of faithfulness to God?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 26:4 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And they shall destroy the walls of Tyrus.... Undermining them, or breaking them down with their battering rams: and break down her towers; with axes, Ezekiel 26:9 built upon the walls; erected for

Read John Gill on Ezekiel 26 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against thee, O Tyrus, and will cause many nations to come up against thee, as the sea causeth his waves to come up.

Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 26 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Destroy; batter and demolish with their mighty engines, which shall shake, disjoint, and beat down the strongest parts of their walls. Break down; undermine, that they may tumble at once, or employ hands to take them down, as men pull down buildings. Towers; watch-towers, and those that were for defence and safety of their city, which from their greatness have their name, Migdol. I will also scrape her dust from her; I will leave thee nothing, thou shalt be scraped, and brushed, and swept, that not so much as dust shall remain to thee. And make her like the top of a rock; as bare as was the rock on which thy city is built before wealth, beauty, buildings, and strength was brought to it by…

Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 26 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Ezekiel 26:4 And they shall destroy the walls of Tyrus, and break down her towers: I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her like the top of a rock.Ver. 4. And they shall destroy the walls of Tyrus.] Which thou holdest to be inexpugnable. Hence this and the two following chapters, purposely to undeceive thee, if it may be. I will also scrape her dust from her.] Brought from other places, to make her gardens; for she was built upon a rock, et in petram glabram: to a naked rock will God now reduce her.

Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 26 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(4) Her dust.—Comp. Ezekiel 26:12. The dust is that of her ruined walls and palaces and temples. “Scraping” expresses their utter destruction. As an historic fact, the ruins of the ancient city have all been thrown into the sea, and what now remains is of mediaeval construction, although the greater part of even the mediaeval ruins have been carried away.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 26 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 4. I will also scrape her dust from her] I will totally destroy her fortifications, and leave her nothing but a barren rock, as she was before. This cannot refer to the capture of Tyre by Nebuchadnezzar. It flourished long after his time.

Read AdamClarke on Ezekiel 26 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

4. like the top of a rock] like a naked rock, ch. Ezekiel 24:7. Tyre stood upon a small island of rock separated from the mainland by a narrow strait. She shall be swept from her place, and her dust scraped into the sea, leaving her island site a bare rock, cf. Ezekiel 26:12.

Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 26 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

4. Top of a rock — Or, naked rock. (See Ezekiel 24:7-8.)

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ezekiel 26 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

They will destroy the walls of Tyre and demolish her towers. I will scrape the soil from her and make her a bare rock.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

They will destroy the walls of Tyre, and break down her towers. I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her a bare rock.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

They will destroy the walls of Tyre and demolish her towers. I will scrape the soil from her and make her a bare rock.

NETBNew English Translation2006

They will destroy the walls of Tyre and break down her towers. I will scrape her soil from her and make her a bare rock.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And they shall destroy the walls of Tyrus, and break down her towers: I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her like the top of a rock.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And they shall destroy the walls of Tyre, and break down her towers: I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her a bare rock.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And they shall destroy the walls of Tyre, and break down her towers: I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her a bare rock.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And they shall destroy the walls of Tyre, and break down her towers: I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her like the top of a rock.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And they shall destroy the walles of Tyrus and breake downe her towres: I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her like the top of a rocke.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And they shall destroy the walls of Tyre, and break down her towers. And I will scrape her dust from her, and make her a bare rock.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And they have destroyed the walls of Tyre, And they have broken down her towers, And I have scraped her dust from her, And made her for a clear place of a rock.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And they have destroyed the walls of Tyre, || And they have broken down her towers, || And I have scraped her dust from her, || And made her for a clear place of a rock.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And they shall destroy the walls of Tyre, and pull down her towers: I will also flood away her earth from her, and I will change her into a naked rock.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

They will destroy the walls of Tyre and tear down her towers. I will sweep her dust away and make her like a bare rock.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And they shall break down the walls of Tyre, and destroy the towers thereof: and I will scrape her dust from her, and make her like a smooth rock.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

They will destroy the walls of Tyre and tear down her towers. I will scrape off the soil that's on her and turn her into a bare rock.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And they will give the walls of Tyre to destruction and have its towers broken: and I will take even her dust away from her, and make her an uncovered rock

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclauseverbשִׁחֲת֞וּthey.will.destroynoun phrase · objectחֹמ֣וֹתthe.wallsצֹ֗רof.Tyreוְandclauseverbהָֽרְסוּ֙they.will.tear.downnoun phrase · objectמִגְדָּלֶ֔יtowersהָitsוְandclauseverbסִֽחֵיתִ֥יI.will.scrape.awaynoun phrase · objectעֲפָרָ֖dustהּitsprepositional phrase · prepositionalמִמֶּ֑fromנָּהitוְandclauseverbנָתַתִּ֥יI.will.makenoun phrase · objectאוֹתָ֖הּitprepositional phrase · prepositionalלִintonoun phraseצְחִ֥יחַbarenessסָֽלַעof.rock

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with ten of the twelve words matching. This consistency reinforces the reliability of the text across different traditions.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְשִׁחֲת֞וּ חֹמ֣וֹת צֹ֗ר וְהָֽרְסוּ֙ מִגְדָּלֶ֔יהָ וְסִֽחֵיתִ֥י עֲפָרָ֖הּ מִמֶּ֑נָּה וְנָתַתִּ֥י אוֹתָ֖הּ לִצְחִ֥יחַ סָֽלַע׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְשִׁחֲת֞וּκαταβαλοῦσινצֹ֗רσορוְהָֽרְסוּ֙καταβαλοῦσιמִגְדָּלֶ֔יהָτοὺςוְסִֽחֵיתִ֥יλικμήσωעֲפָרָ֖הּτὸνמִמֶּ֑נָּהαὐτῆςוְנָתַתִּ֥יδώσωאוֹתָ֖הּαὐτὴνלִצְחִ֥יחַλεωπετρίαν

10 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Ezekiel 26:4שָׁחַתand they wiand they will dשָׁחַתחוֹמָה[the] walls[the] walls ofחוֹמָהצֹרTyreTyreצֹרהָרַסand they wiand they will tהָרַסמִגְדָּלtowers itstowers itsמִגְדָּלסָחָהand I will and I will scraסָחָהעָפָרdust itsdust itsעָפָרמִן־from itfrom itמִן־נָתַןand I will and I will makeנָתַןאֵתthe object the object markאֵתצְחִיחַinto bareneinto bareness oצְחִיחַסֶ֫לַעrockrockסֶ֫לַעגָּדַלto magnifyto magnifyגָּדַלעָפַרto throwto throwעָפַראוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתצָחַחbe dazzlinbe dazzlingצָחַחצֹרflintflintצֹרמֵןstringstringמֵןעֲלִילָהwantonnesswantonnessעֲלִילָהאָבָהbe willingbe willingאָבָהמִגְדָּלtowertowerמִגְדָּלחִירָםHiramHiramחִירָםחִירָםHiramHiramחִירָםנָתַשׁto uprootto uprootנָתַשׁנָטַעto plantto plantנָטַעמֵאָה(Tower of)(Tower of) the מֵאָהחֲנַנְאֵל(Tower of)(Tower of) Hanaחֲנַנְאֵלאֵ֫פֶרashesashesאֵ֫פֶררָחַקto removeto removeרָחַקיָתַרto remainto remainיָתַר
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 26:4

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and they will destroy [the] walls of Tyre and they will tear down towers its and I will scrape away dust its from it and I will make the object marker it into bareness of rock
וְשִׁחֲת֞וּve.shi.cha.Tu and they will destroy H7843 Verb · Piel · sequential perfect third person common plural
146× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to ruin or destroy something, and it is used in various forms throughout the Bible to describe corruption and decay.
Amplified meaning
completely ruin, overthrow
Tyndale gloss
to ruin
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁחַת (shachath) is a Hebrew verb meaning to ruin or corrupt. It encompasses a range of actions including decay, spoilage, and moral perversion, with various grammatical forms indicating different nuances of destruction or corruption. The word appears in contexts that suggest both physical and moral degradation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שָׁחַת] 161 vb. go to ruin (?)

Niph. be marred, spoiled

Pi.

spoil, ruin

pervert, corrupt

Hiph.

spoil, ruin

pervert, corrupt

Hoph. spoiled, ruined

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7843 [שָׁחַת] go to ruin (?) . be marred, spoiled

. . spoil, ruin

. pervert, corrupt

. . spoil, ruin

. pervert, corrupt

. spoiled, ruined

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7843 shachath shaw-khath'

a primitive root; to decay, i.e. (causatively) ruin

(literally or figuratively):--batter, cast off, corrupt(-er,

thing), destroy(-er, -uction), lose, mar, perish, spill,

spoiler, X utterly, waste(-r).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁחַת (sha.chat) — to ruin.

1) to destroy, corrupt, go to ruin, decay

1a) (Niphal) to be marred, be spoiled, be corrupted, be corrupt, be injured, be ruined, be rotted

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to spoil, ruin

1b2) to pervert, corrupt, deal corruptly (morally)

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to spoil, ruin, destroy

1c2) to pervert, corrupt (morally)

1c3) destroyer (participle)

1d) (Hophal) spoiled, ruined (participle)

Aramaic equivalent: she.chat (שְׁחַת "to corrupt" H7844)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Piel-3cp — Verb · Piel · sequential perfect third person common plural
Hc/Vpq3cp
and they will destroy [the] walls of Tyre and they will tear down towers its and I will scrape away dust its from it and I will make the object marker it into bareness of rock
חֹמ֣וֹתcho.Mot [the] walls of H2346 Noun common · feminine plural construct
133× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A wall of protection, like the walls of Jerusalem, provided safety and security for the people. It appears in the Bible as a physical barrier. The Israelites built walls around their cities for defense.
Amplified meaning
fortifications, strongholds
Tyndale gloss
wall
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חוֹמָה (chowmah) refers to a wall, typically understood as a protective barrier. It is derived from a root meaning to join, and is often used to describe city walls or the walls of buildings. The term can also be applied figuratively, such as in reference to the waters of the Red Sea.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חוֹמָה 133 n.f. wall (as protection)

usu. term for wall of city

wall of a building

fig. of waters of Red Sea

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2346 חוֹמָה wall (as protection)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2346 chowmah kho-maw'

feminine active participle of an unused root apparently

meaning to join; a wall of protection:--wall, walled.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חוֹמָה (cho.mah) — wall.

wall

חוֹמָה (cho.mah) — (Broad) Wall.

wall

Combined with ra.chav (רָחָב "Broad" H7342)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural construct
HNcfpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and they will destroy [the] walls of Tyre and they will tear down towers its and I will scrape away dust its from it and I will make the object marker it into bareness of rock
צֹ֗רTzor Tyre H6865 Noun proper
42× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Tyre refers to a city on the Mediterranean coast, mentioned in the Bible as a major Phoenician city, translated as Tyre or Tyrus, meaning a rock. It appears in books like Matthew and Acts. The city was an important trade center.
Amplified meaning
a major Phoenician city
Tyndale gloss
Tyre
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צֹר (tsor) refers to Tyre, a well-known Phoenician city located on the Mediterranean coast. The word is associated with the meaning of 'rock' and is linked to the Hebrew word for rock, צור (tsur). The entries consistently identify it as a proper noun and a significant location in ancient Palestine.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צֹר, צוֹר n.pr.loc. Tyre, famous Phoenician city

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6865 צֹר, צוֹר Tyre, famous Phoenician city

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6865 Tsor tsore

or Tsowr {tsore}; the same as 6864; a rock; Tsor, a place in

Palestine:--Tyre, Tyrus.

see HEBREW for 06864

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צֹר (tsor) — Tyre.

§ Tyre or Tyrus = "a rock"

the Phoenician city on the Mediterranean coast

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

tir (tsowr. tsor, "rock"' Turos, "Tyrus"; modern Sur):

1. Physical Features:

The most noted of the Phoenician cities situated on the coast, lat. 33ø 17 minutes, about 20 miles South of Sidon and about 35 North of Carmel. The date of its foundation is uncertain, but it was later than that of Sidon. It is mentioned in the travels of the Egyptian Mohar, dating probably from the 14th century BC, and in the Tell el-Amarna Letters of about the same period. Herodotus describes the temple of Hercules at Tyre and says it was built 2,300 years before his time, which would carry back the beginning of the city to more than 2700 BC. It was a double city, one part on an island, a short distance from the shore, and the other on the mainland opposite. The island city had two harbors, connected by a canal, one looking North and the other South. The island was rocky and the city was fortitled on the land…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Tyre

A rock, now es-Sur; an ancient Phoenician city, about 23 miles, in a direct line, north of Acre, and 20 south of Sidon. Sidon was the oldest Phoenician city, but Tyre had a longer and more illustrious history. The commerce of the whole world was gathered into the warehouses of Tyre. “Tyrian merchants were the first who ventured to navigate the Mediterranean waters; and they founded their colonies on the coasts and neighbouring islands of the AEgean Sea, in Greece, on the northern coast of Africa, at Carthage and other places, in Sicily and Corsica, in Spain at Tartessus, and even beyond the pillars of Hercules at Gadeira (Cadiz)” (Driver’s Isaiah). In the time of David a friendly alliance was entered into between the Hebrews and the Tyrians, who were long ruled over by their native kings (2 Sam. 5:11;

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

Tyrus, strength; rock; sharp

and they will destroy [the] walls of Tyre and they will tear down towers its and I will scrape away dust its from it and I will make the object marker it into bareness of rock
וְהָֽרְסוּ֙ve.ha.re.Su and they will tear down H2040 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person common plural
43× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to overthrow or destroy something, like breaking down a wall or throwing something to the ground. It is used to describe God's power and judgment.
Amplified meaning
tear down, break
Tyndale gloss
to overthrow
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הָרַס (harac) is a Hebrew verb meaning to throw down, break, or tear down. It covers a range of actions including overthrowing, destroying, and breaking through. The entries indicate it can be used in various forms, such as Qal, Niphal, and Piel, each reflecting different nuances of the action.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הָרַס vb. throw down, break or tear down

Qal

throw down, tear down

break down, break away

break through

Niph. be thrown or torn down

Pi. overthrow, tear down

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2040 הָרַס throw down, break or tear down .. throw down, tear down

. break down, break away

. break through

. be thrown or torn down

. overthrow, tear down

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2040 harac haw-ras'

a primitive root; to pull down or in pieces, break,

&Š destroy:--beat down, break (down, through), destroy,

overthrow, pluck down, pull down, ruin, throw down, X utterly.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָרַס (ha.ras) — to overthrow.

1) to tear down, break down, overthrow, beat down, break, break through, destroy, pluck down, pull down, throw down, ruined, destroyer, utterly

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to throw down, tear down

1a2) to break through

1a3) to break down, break away

1b) (Niphal) to be torn down, be thrown down

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to overthrow, tear down

1c2) destroyer (participle)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-3cp — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person common plural
Hc/Vqq3cp
and they will destroy [the] walls of Tyre and they will tear down towers its and I will scrape away dust its from it and I will make the object marker it into bareness of rock
מִגְדָּלֶ֔יהָmig.da.Lei.ha towers its H4026 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
48× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Migdal means tower, referring to a tall structure or elevated stage. It can also symbolize a bed of flowers in the Bible.
Amplified meaning
high structures, elevated stages
Tyndale gloss
tower
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִגְדָּל (migdal) primarily means 'tower,' indicating a structure that is tall or elevated. It can also refer to an elevated stage or pulpit and, in a figurative sense, to a raised bed of flowers. The word is derived from a root meaning height, and its usage spans various contexts in the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִגְדָּל n.m. tower

tower

elevated stage, pulpit of wood

raised bed

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4026 מִגְדָּל tower . tower

. elevated stage, pulpit of wood

. raised bed

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4026 migdal mig-dawl'

also (in plural) feminine migdalah {mig-daw- law'}; from

1431; a tower (from its size or height); by analogy, a

rostrum; figuratively, a (pyramidal) bed of flowers:--castle,

flower, tower. Compare the names following.

see HEBREW for 01431

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִגְדָּל (mig.dal) — (Hananel) Tower.

Combined with cha.nan.el (חֲנַנְאֵל " of Hananel" H2606)

This name means tower

מִגְדָּל (mig.dal) — Tower (of the Hundred).

Combined with me.ah (מֵאָה "hundred" H3968)

This name means tower

מִגְדָּל (mig.dal) — Tower (Of the Ovens).

This name means tower, elevated stage

מִגְדָּל (mig.dal) — tower.

1) tower

1a) tower

1b) elevated stage, pulpit

1c) raised bed

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp3fs
and they will destroy [the] walls of Tyre and they will tear down towers its and I will scrape away dust its from it and I will make the object marker it into bareness of rock
וְסִֽחֵיתִ֥יve.si.chei.Ti and I will scrape away H5500 Verb · Piel · sequential perfect first person common singular
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to scrape or sweep something away, like dirt or debris. It is used to describe cleaning or removing something unwanted. This word appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
Amplified meaning
sweep away, remove
Tyndale gloss
to scrape
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סָחָה (sachah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to scrape. It specifically refers to the action of scraping clean or scouring, as noted in the Piel form. The only biblical reference provided is in Ezekiel 26:4.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[סָחָה] vb. scrape;—only Pi. scrape clean, scour, Ez 26:4

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5500 סָחָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5500 cachah saw-khaw'

a primitive root; to sweep away:--scrape.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סָחָה (sa.chah) — to scrape.

1) to scrape

1a) (Piel) to scrape clean, scour

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Piel-1cs — Verb · Piel · sequential perfect first person common singular
Hc/Vpq1cs
and they will destroy [the] walls of Tyre and they will tear down towers its and I will scrape away dust its from it and I will make the object marker it into bareness of rock
עֲפָרָ֖הּ'a.fa.Rah dust its H6083 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
110× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Aphar means dust or dry earth, and is also used to describe clay, earth, or mortar. It appears in various forms throughout the Bible.
Amplified meaning
dust, dry earth
Tyndale gloss
dust
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָפָר (aphar) refers to dry earth or dust, encompassing meanings such as powder, ashes, and rubbish. It is derived from a root meaning to be dry and is used in various contexts, including clay and mortar. The entries consistently highlight its association with loose earth and debris.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָפָר n.m. dry earth, dust

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6083 עָפָר dry earth, dust

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6083 `aphar aw-fawr'

from 6080; dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth,

mud:--ashes, dust, earth, ground, morter, powder, rubbish.

see HEBREW for 06080

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָפָר (a.phar) — dust.

1) dry earth, dust, powder, ashes, earth, ground, mortar, rubbish

1a) dry or loose earth

1b) debris

1c) mortar

1d) ore

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3fs
and they will destroy [the] walls of Tyre and they will tear down towers its and I will scrape away dust its from it and I will make the object marker it into bareness of rock
מִמֶּ֑נָּהmi.Me.nah from it H4480 Preposition · suffix
1,189× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a portion or part of something, and is often used to show the relationship between things, like from or out of something.
Tyndale gloss
from
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מִן־ (*min*) is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'out of,' indicating separation or origin. It covers various uses, including temporal references, comparisons, and causal relationships. Additionally, it can denote a portion when used as a noun מֵן (*men*). The entries highlight its versatility in expressing different nuances of separation and position.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִן־, and מִ, before יְ, prep. expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not

with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal

from, against

מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from

of position, off, on the side of, on

Out of, Gk. ἐκ, Lat. ex

Partitively

Of time—

as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period from, since

as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit after

towards, to

(וְעַד) עַד … מִן from … even to

In comparisons, beyond, above

מן is prefixed to an infin.:

with causal force, from, on account of, through

after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc.

with a temporal force, since, after

Once as a conj. before a finite verb. that

In compounds:

base

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4480a מִן־, מִ, prep. expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not . with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal . from, against

. מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from

. of position, off, on the side of, on

. Out of, Gk. ἐκ, Lat. ex

. Partitively

. Of time— . as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period from, since

. as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit after

. towards, to

. (וְעַד) עַד … מִן from … even to

. In comparisons, beyond, above

. מן is prefixed to an infin.: . with causal force, from, on account of, through

. after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc.

. with a temporal force, since, after

. Once as a conj. before a finite verb. that

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4480 min min

or minniy {min-nee'}; or minney (constructive plural)

{min-nay'}; (Isaiah 30:11); for 4482; properly, a part of;

hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses (as

follows):--above, after, among, at, because of, by (reason

of), from (among), in, X neither, X nor, (out) of, over,

since, X then, through, X whether, with.

see HEBREW for 04482

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִן־ (min) — from.

prep

1) from, out of, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not, more than

1a) from (expressing separation), off, on the side of

1b) out of

1b1) (with verbs of proceeding, removing, expelling)

1b2) (of material from which something is made)

1b3) (of source or origin)

1c) out of, some of, from (partitively)

1d) from, since, after (of time)

1e) than, more than (in comparison)

1f) from...even to, both...and, either...or

1g) than, more than, too much for (in comparisons)

1h) from, on account of, through, because (with infinitive)

conj

2) that

Aramaic equivalent: min (מִן־ "from" H4481)

מֵן (men) — portion.

n.m.

portion

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp3fs
and they will destroy [the] walls of Tyre and they will tear down towers its and I will scrape away dust its from it and I will make the object marker it into bareness of rock
וְנָתַתִּ֥יve.na.ta.Ti and I will make H5414 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect first person common singular
2,011× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to give, put, or set something, with a wide range of applications. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, describing God's actions and human interactions. The word is used to convey giving, selling, or exchanging something.
Tyndale gloss
to give: give
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word נָתַן (natan) means 'to give' and encompasses a wide range of applications such as putting, setting, and making. It can also indicate actions like bestowing, delivering, and assigning. The entries describe its use in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hophal, but do not present any significant disagreements among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָתַן 2007 vb. give, put, set

Qal 1917

give

Put, set

Make, constitute

Niph.

82be given

Be put, set

Hoph.

be given, bestowed

= be given to one for wife

be put upon

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5414 נָתַן give, put, set .. give

. Put, set

. Make, constitute

. . be given

. Be put, set

. . . be given, bestowed

. = be given to one for wife

. be put upon

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5414 nathan naw-than'

a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of

application (put, make, etc.):--add, apply, appoint, ascribe,

assign, X avenge, X be ((healed)), bestow, bring (forth,

hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, +

cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, X doubtless, X

without fail, fasten, frame, X get, give (forth, over, up),

grant, hang (up), X have, X indeed, lay (unto charge, up),

(give) leave, lend, let (out), + lie, lift up, make, + O that,

occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, X

pull , put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send

(out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), + sing, + slander,

strike, (sub-)mit, suffer, X surely, X take, thrust, trade,

turn, utter, + weep, + willingly, + withdraw, + would (to)

God, yield.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: give.

: give/deliver/send/produce

1) to give, put, set

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to give, bestow, grant, permit, ascribe, employ, devote, consecrate, dedicate, pay wages, sell, exchange, lend, commit, entrust, give over, deliver up, yield produce, occasion, produce, requite to, report, mention, utter, stretch out, extend

1a2) to put, set, put on, put upon, set, appoint, assign, designate

1a3) to make, constitute

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be given, be bestowed, be provided, be entrusted to, be granted to, be permitted, be issued, be published, be uttered, be assigned

1b2) to be set, be put, be made, be inflicted

1c) (Hophal)

1c1) to be given, be bestowed, be given up, be delivered up

1c2) to be put upon

נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: put.

: put/set/apppoint

1) to give, put, set

1a) (Qal)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-1cs — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect first person common singular
Hc/Vqq1cs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they will destroy [the] walls of Tyre and they will tear down towers its and I will scrape away dust its from it and I will make the object marker it into bareness of rock
אוֹתָ֖הּ'o.Tah the object marker it H853 Particle · suffix
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
DirObjM | Suff — Particle · suffix
HTo/Sp3fs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they will destroy [the] walls of Tyre and they will tear down towers its and I will scrape away dust its from it and I will make the object marker it into bareness of rock
לִצְחִ֥יחַlitz.Chi.ach into bareness of H6706 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means exposed to the sun or bare, like a tree without leaves. It can also mean a higher place or a shining surface, often used to describe mountains or hills in the Bible.
Amplified meaning
exposed, uncovered
Tyndale gloss
bare
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צְחִיחַ (tschiyach) refers to a shining or glaring surface, often associated with being exposed to bright sunlight. It can also mean 'bare' and is linked to the concept of a higher place or top. The word is derived from a related term, צְחִיחִי (tsech-ee'-akh), which conveys a similar meaning.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[צְחִיחַ] n.[m.] shining, glaring, surface

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6706 צְחִיחַ, צְחִיחִי

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6706 tschiyach tsekh-ee'-akh

from 6705; glaring, i.e. exposed to the bright sun:--higher

place, top.

see HEBREW for 06705

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צְחִיחַ (tse.chi.ach) — bare.

shining or glaring surface, glow

Also means: tse.chi.chi (צְחִיחִי "higher" H6708)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they will destroy [the] walls of Tyre and they will tear down towers its and I will scrape away dust its from it and I will make the object marker it into bareness of rock
סָֽלַע׃Sa.la' rock H5553 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
58× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means a craggy rock or cliff, a strong and secure place, like the rock of salvation in Psalm 71:3.
Amplified meaning
crag, cliff
Tyndale gloss
crag
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סֶ֫לַע (cela`) refers to a crag or cliff, indicating a strong, rocky formation. It can denote both a literal rock and a figurative stronghold, suggesting security and loftiness. The entries consistently emphasize its meanings related to rugged terrain and fortification, with no significant disagreements noted among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סֶ֫לַע 61 n.m. crag, cliff

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5553 סֶ֫לַע crag, cliff

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5553 cela` seh'-lah

from an unused root meaning to be lofty; a craggy rock,

literally or figuratively (a fortress):--(ragged) rock,

stone(-ny), strong hold.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סֶ֫לַע (se.la) — rock.

The Rock

Sela (H5554)

סֶ֫לַע (se.la) — crag.

1) crag, cliff, rock

1a) crag, cliff

1b) as stronghold of Jehovah, of security (fig.)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

rok ((1) cela`; (2) tsur (3) challamish, "flint"; compare Arabic khalanbus, "flint"; (4) kephim (Job 30:6; Jer 4:29); compare Kephas, "Cephas" = Petros, "Peter" (Joh 1:42 the King James Version and the Revised Version margin); (5) petra):

1. Names:

Tsur and cela` are the words most often found, and there is no well-defined distinction between them. They are frequently coupled together in the parallelism which is characteristic of the Hebrew writers: e.g.

"Be thou to me a strong rock (tsur),

A house of defense to save me.

For thou art my rock (tsela) and my fortress"

(Ps 31:2,3).

"He clave rocks (tsur) in the wilderness,

And gave them drink abundantly as out of the depths.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Rock

(Heb. tsur), employed as a symbol of God in the Old Testament (1 Sam. 2:2; 2 Sam. 22:3; Isa. 17:10; Ps. 28:1; 31:2,3; 89:26; 95:1); also in the New Testament (Matt. 16:18; Rom. 9:33; 1 Cor. 10:4). In Dan. 2:45 the Chaldaic form of the Hebrew word is translated “mountain.” It ought to be translated “rock,” as in Hab. 1:12 in the Revised Version. The “rock” from which the stone is cut there signifies the…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Struck by Moses for water De 8:15; Ps 78:15,16,20

→ Houses in Jer 49:16; Ob 1:3; Mt 7:24,25

→ Oil from Job 29:6; De 32:13

→ A name of God De 32:4

→ FIGURATIVE 2Sa 22:32,47; 23:3; Ps 18:2; 31:2; 40:2; Isa 17:10; 32:2; Mt 16:18;

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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