Daniel 2:44 — Word Study
WLCוּֽבְיוֹמֵיה֞וֹן דִּ֧י מַלְכַיָּ֣א אִנּ֗וּן יְקִים֩ אֱלָ֨הּ שְׁמַיָּ֤א מַלְכוּ֙ דִּ֤י לְעָלְמִין֙ לָ֣א תִתְחַבַּ֔ל וּמַ֨לְכוּתָ֔ה לְעַ֥ם אָחֳרָ֖ן לָ֣א תִשְׁתְּבִ֑ק תַּדִּ֤ק וְתָסֵיף֙ כָּל־ אִלֵּ֣ין מַלְכְוָתָ֔א וְהִ֖יא תְּק֥וּם לְעָלְמַיָּֽא׃
BSAIn the daysyôwm [during the time, in the era] of thoseʼinnûwn kingsmelek the Godʼĕlâhh [Eloah, the supreme Ruler] of heavenshâmayin [the sky, the abode of God] will set upqûwm [establish, raise up] a kingdommalkûw [a dominion, a reign] thatdîy will neverʻâlam [to the age, forevermore] be destroyedchăbal [hurt, ruined] ◂nor willlâʼ [not, by no means] [it]malkûw be leftshᵉbaq [given over, abandoned] to anotherʼochŏrân [different, distinct] peopleʻam [nation, group] It will shatterdᵉqaq [break in pieces, crush] allkôl [every, the entirety] theseʼillêyn kingdomsmalkûw [reigns, dominions] and bring them to an endçûwph▸ [consume, fulfill] but will itself standqûwm [it, the kingdom, be established, endure] foreverʻâlam [to the age, perpetually]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּֽבְיוֹמֵיה֞וֹן | and in days their | Conjunction, preposition, noun common masculine plural construct |
| דִּ֧י | of | Conjunction |
| מַלְכַיָּ֣א | kings the | Noun common masculine plural determined, particle |
| אִנּ֗וּן | those | Pronoun |
| יְקִים֩ | he will set up | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| אֱלָ֨הּ | [the] God of | Noun common, both singular construct |
| שְׁמַיָּ֤א | heavens the | Noun common masculine plural determined, particle |
| מַלְכוּ֙ | a kingdom | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| דִּ֤י | which | Conjunction |
| לְעָלְמִין֙ | for ever | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| לָ֣א | not | Particle |
| תִתְחַבַּ֔ל | it will be destroyed | Verb third, person feminine singular |
| וּמַ֨לְכוּתָ֔ה | and kingdom the | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular determined, particle |
| לְעַ֥ם | to a people | Preposition, noun common both singular absolute |
| אָחֳרָ֖ן | another | Adj |
| לָ֣א | not | Particle |
| תִשְׁתְּבִ֑ק | it will be left | Verb second, person masculine singular |
| תַּדִּ֤ק | it will shatter | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect third person feminine singular |
| וְתָסֵיף֙ | so it may put an end to | Conjunction, verb hiphil third person feminine singular |
| כָּל־ | all | Noun common, both singular construct |
| אִלֵּ֣ין | these | Particle |
| מַלְכְוָתָ֔א | kingdoms the | Noun common feminine plural determined, particle |
| וְהִ֖יא | and it | Conjunction, pronoun |
| תְּק֥וּם | it will endure | Verb, Qal, imperfect second person masculine singular |
| לְעָלְמַיָּֽא׃ | for ever | Preposition, noun common masculine plural determined, particle |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | In the days of those kings, the God of heaven will set up a kingdom that will never be destroyed, nor will it be left to another people. It will shatter all these kingdoms and bring them to an end, but will itself stand forever. |
| KJV | And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be left to other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever. |
| ASV | And in the days of those kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom which shall never be destroyed, nor shall the sovereignty thereof be left to another people; but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever. |
| YLT | 'And in the days of these kings raise up doth the God of the heavens a kingdom that is not destroyed — to the age, and its kingdom to another people is not left: it beateth small and endeth all these kingdoms, and it standeth to the age. |
| WEB | “In the days of those kings the God of heaven will set up a kingdom which will never be destroyed, nor will its sovereignty be left to another people; but it will break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it will stand forever. |
| BBE | And in the days of those kings, the God of heaven will put up a kingdom which will never come to destruction, and its power will never be given into the hands of another people, and all these kingdoms will be broken and overcome by it, but it will keep its place for ever. |
Where they part company is תַּדִּ֤ק — see How Translations Differ.
The structure features one main clause with multiple subordinate clauses that elaborate on the nature and actions of God's kingdom.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectהִיא
verbקוּם
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Daniel 2:44
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Interpretation of Nebuchadnezzar's Dreamgenerated
Daniel 2:44 reveals that during the reign of certain kings, God will establish a kingdom that will never be destroyed. This kingdom will overpower all other kingdoms and will stand forever. This prophecy emphasizes the sovereignty of God over human authority, as illustrated in the preceding verses where the dream of the statue represents various kingdoms, ultimately culminating in God's eternal reign.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daniel 2:28–37 | But there is a God in heaven who reveals mysteries, and He has made known to King Nebuchadnezzar what will happen in the latter days. Your dream and the visions that came into your mind as you lay on your bed were these: |
| 2 | Genesis 49:10 | The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the staff from between his feet, until Shiloh comes and the allegiance of the nations is his. |
| 3 | Psalm 2:6–12 | “I have installed My King on Zion, upon My holy mountain.” |
| 4 | Psalm 72:1–20 | Endow the king with Your justice, O God, and the son of the king with Your righteousness. |
| 5 | Psalm 89:3–4 | You said, “I have made a covenant with My chosen one, I have sworn to David My servant: |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 26 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יְקִים֩, ye.Kimgenerated
The verb יְקִים֩ (ye.Kim) is in the imperfect tense, indicating a future action. It comes from the root קוּם (qum), which means 'to rise' or 'to establish.' This word encompasses the idea of setting up or establishing something significant, in this case, God's everlasting kingdom.
The Hiphil form suggests that God is the active subject who will bring about this establishment. The use of this verb in the context of the prophecy highlights the divine authority behind the establishment of the kingdom, contrasting it with the transient nature of earthly kingdoms.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, we reference the Berean Standard Bible, which uses will set up for יְקִים֩. Other translations, such as the KJV and ASV, also employ similar language.
Where translations differ is primarily in the rendering of תַּדִּ֤ק. The BSB uses it will shatter, while the KJV and others opt for break in pieces. This reflects a variation in emphasis on the action's intensity.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse contains a main clause with the finite verb יְקִים֩ (he will set up) at its center, indicating the action of establishing the kingdom. The structure includes several phrases that elaborate on the nature and permanence of this kingdom.
The sentence's organization emphasizes the contrast between God's eternal kingdom and the temporary nature of human kingdoms, as indicated by the subordinate clauses detailing destruction and abandonment.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יְקִים֩ as στήσει (stēsei), which also means 'to set up' or 'to establish.' This choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning but emphasizes the act of establishing in a Greek context.
The Greek word used for תַּדִּ֤ק is φθαρήσεται (phtharēsetai), which carries the connotation of destruction, reinforcing the idea of God's kingdom overpowering all others.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Daniel 2:44 tells us that during the reign of certain kings, God will establish a kingdom that will never be destroyed. This kingdom will conquer all other kingdoms and will stand forever. This prophecy emphasizes God's sovereignty and the permanence of His rule.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies that God's reign is eternal and unshakeable, unlike earthly kingdoms that rise and fall.
It indicates that God's kingdom will ultimately prevail over all human kingdoms, which are temporary and fragile.
It emphasizes that God's kingdom will not be transferred or given to any other nation, underscoring its permanence.
We learn about the sovereignty of God and the assurance that His kingdom will endure through all ages.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see God's kingdom at work in the world today?
- How can I personally contribute to the establishment of God's kingdom in my community?
- What does the permanence of God's kingdom mean for my faith and daily life?
- How can I share the message of God's eternal kingdom with others?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers referenced this verse to discuss the eternal nature of Christ's kingdom. Their quotations illustrate the theological implications drawn from Daniel's prophecy.
He, being begotten by the Father before the beginning of time, was God the Word, the only-begotten Son, and remains the same forever; for “of his kingdom there shall be no end,” says Daniel the prophet.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 2 →
Clearly, this teaches about that which will occur at the end, that is, the coming of the kingdom of heaven that is without end.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 2 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Daniel 2:44 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd in the days of these kings, c. Not of the Babylonian, Persian, and Grecian kings nor, indeed, of the old Roman kings, or emperors; but in the days of these ten kings, or kingdoms, into which the
Read John Gill on Daniel 2 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be left to other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume
Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 2 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleIn the days of these kings, i.e. while the iron kingdom stood, shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom. Now see the difference of Christ’ s kingdom from all other kingdoms in the world. 1. In the rise of it, it was not by earthly succession, or arms, or policy. 2. It is spiritual and heavenly in the laws and administration of it. 3. Jesus Christ was not a mere man, but God-man, he is the King, the Son of God. 4. It is stronger than all others, because it breaks them in pieces. 5. It is not bounded by any limits as worldly empires are, but truly universal. 6. It shall be for ever, and never destroyed and given to others, as the rest were.
Read Matthew Poole on Daniel 2 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDaniel 2:44 And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be left to other people, [but] it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever.Ver. 44. And in the days of these kings,] i.e., Of this fourth monarchy; for the Roman emperors were kings, as Peter also calleth them, though they, to avoid the hatred of the people, refused so to be styled. The Pope, by a like hypocrisy, calleth himself the servant of God’ s servants, but yet stamps upon his coin, "That nation and country that will not serve thee, shall be rooted out." Shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom.] The…
Read John Trapp on Daniel 2 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(44) In the days of these kings.—Yet no kings have been mentioned hitherto. They must therefore correspond to the toes of the image. (Comp. Daniel 7:24.) It appears therefore that while this fourth kingdom still contrives to exist in some modified form, while its component parts are in a state of war and turmoil, the kingdom of God shall come. (Comp. Daniel 7:25-27.) God of heaven.—(See Daniel 2:18).
Read Charles John Ellicott on Daniel 2 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 44. A kingdom which shall never be destroyed] The extensive and extending empire of Christ. Shall not be left to other people] All the preceding empires have swallowed up each other successively; but this shall remain to the end of the world.
Read AdamClarke on Daniel 2 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges36–45. The interpretation of the dream. The four parts of the image signify four kingdoms,—the first being represented by its present and greatest ruler, Nebuchadnezzar.
Read Cambridge on Daniel 2 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd in the days of these kings - Margin, “their.” The reading in the text “these kings” - is the more correct.
Read Albert Barnes on Daniel 2 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
In the days of those kings, the God of heaven will set up a kingdom that will never be destroyed, nor will it be left to another people. It will shatter all these kingdoms and bring them to an end, but will itself stand forever.
“In the days of those kings the God of heaven will set up a kingdom which will never be destroyed, nor will its sovereignty be left to another people; but it will break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it will stand forever.
In the days of those kings, the God of heaven will set up a kingdom that will never be destroyed, nor will it be left to another people. It will shatter all these kingdoms and bring them to an end, but will itself stand forever.
In the days of those kings the God of heaven will raise up an everlasting kingdom that will not be destroyed and a kingdom that will not be left to another people. It will break in pieces and bring about the demise of all these kingdoms. But it will stand forever.
Tyndale line
And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be left to other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever.
And in the days of those kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom which shall never be destroyed, nor shall the sovereignty thereof be left to another people; but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever.
And in the days of those kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed, nor shall the sovereignty thereof be left to another people; but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever.
And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be left to other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever.
And in the dayes of these Kings, shall the God of heauen set vp a kingdome, which shall neuer be destroyed: and this kingdome shall not be giuen to another people, but it shall breake, and destroy al these kingdomes, and it shall stand for euer.
Strictly literal
And in the days of these kings shall the God of the heavens set up a kingdom which shall never be destroyed; and the sovereignty thereof shall not be left to another people: it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, but itself shall stand for ever.
'And in the days of these kings raise up doth the God of the heavens a kingdom that is not destroyed — to the age, and its kingdom to another people is not left: it beateth small and endeth all these kingdoms, and it standeth to the age.
And in the days of these kings the God of the heavens raises up a kingdom that is not destroyed for all time, and its kingdom is not left to another people: it beats small and ends all these kingdoms, and it stands for all time.
But in the days of these kings will the God of heaven set up a kingdom: which shall to eternity not be destroyed, and its rule shall not be transferred to any other people; [but] it will grind up and make an end of all these kingdoms, while it will itself endure for ever.
In the days of those kings, the God of heaven will set up a kingdom that will never be destroyed, nor will it be conquered by another people. It will break the other kingdoms into pieces and put an end to all of them, and it will remain forever.
From the Latin
But in the days of those kingdoms the God of heaven will set up a kingdom that shall never be destroyed, and his kingdom shall not be delivered up to another people, and it shall break in pieces, and shall consume all these kingdoms, and itself shall stand for ever.
Simplified
During the time of these kings the God of heaven will set up an eternal kingdom that will never be destroyed or taken over by others. It will crush all these kingdoms, bringing them to an end, and it will last forever.
And in the days of those kings, the God of heaven will put up a kingdom which will never come to destruction, and its power will never be given into the hands of another people, and all these kingdoms will be broken and overcome by it, but it will keep its place for ever.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text states that in the days of those kings, the God of heaven will establish a kingdom that will never be destroyed. The Septuagint has a word-by-word correspondence with the Masoretic Text, agreeing on much of the content, although it has its own word order and articles. The Dead Sea Scrolls (4Q112) partially preserve the text, with several words restored by an editor, but it aligns closely with the Masoretic Text in meaning, indicating that the core message about the everlasting kingdom remains consistent across these ancient witnesses.
וּֽבְיוֹמֵיה֞וֹן דִּ֧י מַלְכַיָּ֣א אִנּ֗וּן יְקִים֩ אֱלָ֨הּ שְׁמַיָּ֤א מַלְכוּ֙ דִּ֤י לְעָלְמִין֙ לָ֣א תִתְחַבַּ֔ל וּמַ֨לְכוּתָ֔ה לְעַ֥ם אָחֳרָ֖ן לָ֣א תִשְׁתְּבִ֑ק תַּדִּ֤ק וְתָסֵיף֙ כָּל־ אִלֵּ֣ין מַלְכְוָתָ֔א וְהִ֖יא תְּק֥וּם לְעָלְמַיָּֽא׃
18 of the 25 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[וביומי׳הון] די מלכי [א] [אנון] יקים אלה שמי א מלכו די [לעלמין] [לא] [תתחבל] לא תשתבק [תדק] [ותסיף] כל אלן מלכות [א] [והיא] [תקום] [לעלמי] [א]
7 words on the leather — 6 partly restored, 13 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Daniel 2:44
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יוֹם (yowm) means 'day' and refers to a twenty-four hour period, especially when specified by a number. It can also denote a time or period in a broader sense. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
H3118 יוֹם
3118 yowm yome
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3117; a day:--day (by day), time.
see HEBREW for 03117
יוֹם (yom) — day.
1) day
2) day always refers to a twenty-four hour period when the word is modified by a definite or cardinal number
Adj | Prep | N-mp | Suff — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixAC/R/Ncmpc/Sp3mp
דִּי (diy) is an Aramaic word meaning 'that,' functioning as a relative conjunction and a preposition in various contexts. It can indicate relationships such as 'who,' 'which,' or 'because,' and is used in adverbial phrases. The entries highlight its role in connecting clauses and marking possession.
דִּי part. of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of gen. and conj. that, because
base
H1768 דִּי
1768 diy dee
(Aramaic) apparently for 1668; that, used as relative
conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial
phrases; also as preposition of:--X as, but, for(-asmuch +), +
now, of, seeing, than, that, therefore, until, + what
(-soever), when, which, whom, whose.
see HEBREW for 01668
דִּי (di) — that.
part of relation
1) who, which, that
mark of genitive
2) that of, which belongs to, that
conj
3) that, because
Adj — ConjunctionAC
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מֶ֫לֶךְ (melek) means 'king' in Hebrew and is also noted in Aramaic. The entries confirm its singular meaning related to royalty, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
מֶ֫לֶךְ 178 n.m. king
base
H4430 מֶ֫לֶךְ
4430 melek meh'-lek
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4428; a king:--king, royal.
see HEBREW for 04428
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — king.
king
Aramaic of me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "king" H4428)
§ 1) king
Adj | Art — Noun common masculine plural determined · particleANcmpd/Ta
of Judah and Israel. For the list see table at the end of this volume.
אִנּוּן (*innuwn*) is an Aramaic word meaning 'they' or 'those,' used in the masculine plural. It has a feminine form, אִנִּין (*inniyn*), also meaning 'they.' The entries indicate its usage in contexts similar to the Hebrew word for 'they' (H1992), with a specific reference to Daniel 7:17.
ref
H581a אִנּוּן pr. 3 mpl. they, those H581b אִנִּין they
581 'innuwn in-noon'
(Aramaic) or (feminine) inniyn (Aramaic) {in- neen'};
corresponding to 1992; they:--X are, them, these.
see HEBREW for 01992
אִנּוּן (in.nun) — they.
these, those, they
Aramaic of hem.mah (הֵ֫מָּה "they(masc.)" H1992)
אִנִּין (in.nin) — they(fem.).
they
Aramaic of hem.mah (הֵ֫מָּה "they(masc.)" H1992)
Adj — PronounAPp3mp
קוּם (qum) means to rise or stand, and encompasses a range of actions such as establishing, appointing, and enduring. It can denote both physical rising and figurative actions like coming on the scene or being made to stand. The entries reflect various grammatical forms, including P'al, Pael, Aphel, and Hophal, but do not present any significant disagreement among lexicographers.
[קוּם] vb. arise, stand
Pe.
lit. arise
fig. = come on the scene of history
arise (out of inaction), and build
stand
Pa. set up, establish an ordinance
Haph.
set up
lift up one side
establish
appoint
Hoph. be made to stand
base
H6966 קוּם
6966 quwm koom
(Aramaic) corresponding to 6965:--appoint, establish, make,
raise up self, (a-)rise (up), (make to) stand, set (up).
see HEBREW for 06965
קוּם (qum) — to stand: rise.
: rise/get_going
1) to arise, stand
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to arise from
1a2) to come on the scene (fig)
1a3) to arise (out of inaction)
1a4) to stand
1a5) to endure
1b) (Pael) to set up, establish
1c) (Aphel)
1c1) to set up
1c2) to lift up
1c3) to establish
1c4) to appoint
1d) (Hophal) to be made to stand
קוּם (qum) — to stand: raise.
: raise
1) to arise, stand
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to arise from
1a2) to come on the scene (fig)
1a3) to arise (out of inaction)
1a4) to stand
1a5) to endure
1b) (Pael) to set up, establish
1c) (Aphel)
1c1) to set up
1c2) to lift up
1c3) to establish
1c4) to appoint
1d) (Hophal) to be made to stand
קוּם (qum) — to stand: establish.
: establish/stand_firm/confirm/fulfill/fix
1) to arise, stand
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to arise from
1a2) to come on the scene (fig)
1a3) to arise (out of inaction)
1a4) to stand
1a5) to endure
1b) (Pael) to set up, establish
1c) (Aphel)
Adj — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person masculine singularAVhi3ms
אֱלָהּ (elah) refers to a deity, encompassing both the concept of God in a general sense and specifically the God of Israel. It can also denote heathen deities. The word is rooted in Aramaic, corresponding to another term for God.
אֱלָהּ 94 n.m. god, God
base
H426 אֱלָהּ
426 'elahh el-aw'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 433; God:--God, god.
see HEBREW for 0433
אֱלָהּ (e.lah) — god.
1) god, God
1a) god, heathen deity
1b) God (of Israel)
Adj — Noun common · both singular constructANcbsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שָׁמַ֫יִן (shamayin) refers to 'heaven' or 'heavens' in Hebrew, encompassing both the visible sky and the spiritual abode of God. It is a plural noun and is related to the Aramaic term corresponding to the concept of heaven. The entries consistently highlight its meanings without significant disagreement.
[שָׁמַ֫יִן] n.m.pl. heavens
base
H8065 שָׁמַ֫יִן
8065 shamayin shaw-mah'-yin
(Aramaic) corresponding to 8064:--heaven.
see HEBREW for 08064
שָׁמַ֫יִן (sha.ma.yin) — heaven.
1) heaven, heavens, sky
1a) visible sky
1b) Heaven (as abode of God)
Adj | Art — Noun common masculine plural determined · particleANcmpd/Ta
hev'-'nz (shamayim; ouranoi): On the physical heavens see ASTRONOMY; WORLD. Above these, in popular conception, were the celestial heavens, the abode of God and of the hosts of angels (Ps 11:4; 103:19-21; Isa 66:1; Re 4:2; 5:11; compare Da 7:10), though it was recognized that Yahweh's presence was not confined to any region (1Ki 8:27). Later Judaism reckoned seven heavens. The apostle Paul speaks of himself as caught up into "the third heaven," which he evidently identifies with Paradise (2Co 12:2).
See HEAVENLY.
מַלְכוּ (malkuw) refers to concepts of royalty and dominion, encompassing meanings like kingdom, reign, and kingly authority. It is used in both abstract and concrete contexts, indicating a realm or territory as well. The entries do not present any significant disagreement.
מַלְכוּ n.f. royalty, reign, kingdom
base
H4437 מַלְכוּ
4437 malkuw mal-koo'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4438; dominion (abstractly or
concretely):--kingdom, kingly, realm, reign.
see HEBREW for 04438
מַלְכוּ (mal.khu) — kingdom.
1) royalty, reign, kingdom
1a) royalty, kingship, kingly authority
1b) kingdom
1c) realm (of territory)
1d) reign (of time)
Adj — Noun common · both singular absoluteANcbsa
דִּי (diy) is an Aramaic word meaning 'that,' functioning as a relative conjunction and a preposition in various contexts. It can indicate relationships such as 'who,' 'which,' or 'because,' and is used in adverbial phrases. The entries highlight its role in connecting clauses and marking possession.
דִּי part. of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of gen. and conj. that, because
base
H1768 דִּי
1768 diy dee
(Aramaic) apparently for 1668; that, used as relative
conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial
phrases; also as preposition of:--X as, but, for(-asmuch +), +
now, of, seeing, than, that, therefore, until, + what
(-soever), when, which, whom, whose.
see HEBREW for 01668
דִּי (di) — that.
part of relation
1) who, which, that
mark of genitive
2) that of, which belongs to, that
conj
3) that, because
AC — ConjunctionAC
עָלַם (alam) refers to concepts of perpetuity and antiquity, indicating a sense of time that is indefinite, whether in the future or the past. It is often used adverbially to mean 'forever' or 'lasting.' The term is linked to the Aramaic word for 'old' and is associated with Strong's H5769.
עָלַם n.[m.] perpetuity, antiquity
base
H5957 עָלַם
5957 `alam aw-lam'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5769; remote time, i.e. the future
or past indefinitely; often adverb, forever:--for ((n-))ever
(lasting), old.
see HEBREW for 05769
עָלַם (a.lam) — perpetuity.
perpetuity, antiquity, for ever
Aramaic of o.lam (עוֹלָם ": old" H5769J)
Adj | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteAR/Ncmpa
לָא (la') is an adverb meaning 'not' or 'no,' and it can also imply 'nothing' or 'without.' It is noted as an Aramaic term, related to the Hebrew word לֹא (lo'), which also means 'not.' The word appears in contexts such as Daniel 4:32.
לָא, (לָה) adv. not
base
H3809 לָא, לָה not
3809 la' law
(Aramaic) or lah (Aramaic) (Dan. 4:32) {law}; corresponding
to 3808:--or even, neither, no(-ne, -r), ((can-))not, as
nothing, without.
see HEBREW for 03808
לָא (la) — not.
no, not, nothing
Aramaic of lo (לֹא "not" H3808)
Adj — ParticleATn
חֲבַל (chabal) primarily means to destroy or hurt. It has forms that indicate both active destruction and a passive state of being destroyed. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to ruin or harm, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[חֲבַל] vb. Pa. destroy, hurt
Hithpa. be destroyed
base
H2255 חֲבַל
2255 chabal khab-al'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 2254; to ruin:--destroy, hurt.
see HEBREW for 02254
חֲבַל (cha.val) — to destroy.
1) to hurt, destroy
1a) (Pael) to hurt, destroy
1b) (Ithpael) to be destroyed
Adj — Verb third · person feminine singularAVMi3fs
מַלְכוּ (malkuw) refers to concepts of royalty and dominion, encompassing meanings like kingdom, reign, and kingly authority. It is used in both abstract and concrete contexts, indicating a realm or territory as well. The entries do not present any significant disagreement.
מַלְכוּ n.f. royalty, reign, kingdom
base
H4437 מַלְכוּ
4437 malkuw mal-koo'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4438; dominion (abstractly or
concretely):--kingdom, kingly, realm, reign.
see HEBREW for 04438
מַלְכוּ (mal.khu) — kingdom.
1) royalty, reign, kingdom
1a) royalty, kingship, kingly authority
1b) kingdom
1c) realm (of territory)
1d) reign (of time)
Adj | N-fs | Art — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular determined · particleAC/Ncfsd/Ta
עַם (am) means 'people' in Hebrew and is also noted in Aramaic. It corresponds to the related word עַם (am) in Strong's H5971. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to groups of people.
H5972 עַם
5972 `am am
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5971:--people.
see HEBREW for 05971
עַם (am) — people.
people
Aramaic of am (עַם ": people" H5971A)
Adj | N-ms — Preposition · noun common both singular absoluteAR/Ncbsa
pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…
אׇחֳרָן (ochoran) is an Aramaic word meaning 'another' or 'other.' It derives from the root of אַחֵר (acher), which also means 'another.' The entries consistently define it as an adjective, with no significant disagreement noted among the lexicons.
אׇחֳרָן adj.m. another
base
H321 אׇחֳרָן
321 'ochoran okh-or-awn'
(Aramaic) from 311; the same as 317; other:--(an-)other.
see HEBREW for 0311
see HEBREW for 0317
אׇחֳרָן (o.cho.ran) — another.
other, another
Aramaic of a.cher (אַחֵר "another" H0312)
Adj — AdjAAabsa
לָא (la') is an adverb meaning 'not' or 'no,' and it can also imply 'nothing' or 'without.' It is noted as an Aramaic term, related to the Hebrew word לֹא (lo'), which also means 'not.' The word appears in contexts such as Daniel 4:32.
לָא, (לָה) adv. not
base
H3809 לָא, לָה not
3809 la' law
(Aramaic) or lah (Aramaic) (Dan. 4:32) {law}; corresponding
to 3808:--or even, neither, no(-ne, -r), ((can-))not, as
nothing, without.
see HEBREW for 03808
לָא (la) — not.
no, not, nothing
Aramaic of lo (לֹא "not" H3808)
ATn — ParticleATn
The Hebrew word שְׁבַק (*shbaq*) primarily means to leave or let alone. It can appear in various forms, such as the P'al, meaning to leave, and the Ithpael, meaning to be left. The entries indicate that it corresponds to a root related to allowing something to remain.
[שְׁבַק] vb. leave, let alone
Pe. leave roots
Hithpe. be left
base
H7662 שְׁבַק
7662 shbaq sheb-ak'
(Aramaic) corresponding to the root of 7733; to quit, i.e.
allow to remain:--leave, let alone.
see HEBREW for 07733
שְׁבַק (she.vaq) — to be left.
1) to leave, let alone
1a) (P'al) to leave, let alone
1b) (Ithpael) to be left
Adj — Verb second · person masculine singularAVui2ms
left (sama'l, "to go to the left," "to turn to the left," semo'l, "the left hand," sema'li, "belonging to the left," "situated on the left"; aristeros, and euphemistically euonumos, literally, "having a good name," "of good omen"): The words are chiefly used in orientation with or without the addition of the word "hand." So Abraham says to Lot: "If thou wilt take the left hand (semo'l), then I will go to the right; or if thou take the right hand, then I will go to the left (sama'l)" (Ge 13:9). Frequently in Hebrew idiom the right hand and the left are mentioned together in order to express the idea "everywhere," "anywhere," "altogether" (Ge 24:49; Ex 14:22,29; Nu 22:26…
דְּקַק (de.qaq) means to break up or crumble, with a focus on shattering or falling into pieces. It appears in the context of being shattered or breaking into pieces, as noted in Daniel 2:35. The word is derived from a related term, indicating a similar action of crumbling.
[דְּקַק] vb. be shattered, fall to pieces (BH)
Pe. Dn 2:35.
Haph. break in pieces
base
H1855 דְּקַק, דּוּק
1855 dqaq dek-ak'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1854; to crumble or (trans.)
crush:--break to pieces.
see HEBREW for 01854
דְּקַק (de.qaq) — to break up.
1) to break into pieces, fall into pieces, be shattered
1a) (P'al) to be shattered
1b) (Aphel) to break into pieces
Adj — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person feminine singularAVhi3fs
סוּף (suph) means to come to an end or be fulfilled. It covers the concepts of completion and cessation, with uses in different verbal forms indicating fulfillment or bringing something to an end. The entries suggest a focus on the idea of completion, but do not specify any particular Old Testament references.
[סוּף] vb. be fulfilled (prop. ended)
Pe.
Haph. put an end to
base
H5487 סוּף
5487 cuwph soof
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5486; to come to an end:--
consume, fulfill.
see HEBREW for 05486
סוּף (suph) — be fulfilled.
1) to be fulfilled, be completed, come to an end
1a) (P'al) to be fulfilled, be completed
1b) (Aphel) to put an end to
Adj | V-Hiphil-Imperf-3fs — Conjunction · verb hiphil third person feminine singularAC/Vhu3fs
qets, 'ephec, kalah; telos, sunteleo:
The end of anything is its termination, hence, also, final object or purpose.
It is the translation of several Hebrew and Greek words, chiefly in the Old Testament of qets (properly, "a cutting off") and other words from the same root (Ge 6:13, "The end of all flesh is come before me"); 'acharith, "hinder part," is also frequently translated "end" (De 11:12; Ps 37:37,38, American Revised Version: "There is a happy end to the man of peace .... The end of the wicked shall be cut off"; the English Revised Version "latter end" (Ps 37:37), margin "reward" or "future posterity"; Ps 73:17…
End
In Heb. 13:7, is the rendering of the unusual Greek word ekbasin, meaning “outcome”, i.e., death. It occurs only elsewhere in 1 Cor. 10:13, where it is rendered “escape.”
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It encompasses meanings such as every, any, and none. The term is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, indicating totality or completeness.
כֹּל, כָּל־ n.m. the whole, all
base
H3606 כֹּל, כָּל־
3606 kol kole
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3605:--all, any, + (forasmuch) as,
+ be-(for this) cause, every, + no (manner, -ne), + there
(where)-fore, + though, what (where, who)-soever, (the) whole.
see HEBREW for 03605
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, whole, the whole
1a) the whole of, all
1b) every, any, none
Adj — Noun common · both singular constructANcbsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
אִלֵּין (illeyn) is an Aramaic demonstrative pronoun meaning 'these' or 'those.' It is derived from the root associated with the Hebrew word for 'these' and is used in the plural form. The entries consistently identify its function as a pronoun without significant disagreement.
אִלֵּין demonstr.pron.pl. these
base
H459 אִלֵּין
459 'illeyn il-lane'
(Aramaic) or shorter oillen {il-lane'}; prolonged from 412;
these:--the, these.
see HEBREW for 0412
אִלֵּין (il.len) — these.
these, those
Aramaic of el (אֵל "these" H0411)
Adj — ParticleATm
מַלְכוּ (malkuw) refers to concepts of royalty and dominion, encompassing meanings like kingdom, reign, and kingly authority. It is used in both abstract and concrete contexts, indicating a realm or territory as well. The entries do not present any significant disagreement.
מַלְכוּ n.f. royalty, reign, kingdom
base
H4437 מַלְכוּ
4437 malkuw mal-koo'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4438; dominion (abstractly or
concretely):--kingdom, kingly, realm, reign.
see HEBREW for 04438
מַלְכוּ (mal.khu) — kingdom.
1) royalty, reign, kingdom
1a) royalty, kingship, kingly authority
1b) kingdom
1c) realm (of territory)
1d) reign (of time)
Adj | Art — Noun common feminine plural determined · particleANcfpd/Ta
הוּא is a pronoun meaning 'he,' 'she,' or 'it,' with variations in usage based on gender. It serves to emphasize or resume the subject, anticipate the subject, or affirm existence. The word appears in both masculine and feminine forms, with 14 occurrences for the masculine and 7 for the feminine.
הוּא 14 m. הִיא 7 f. pron. of 3s. he, she, it
base
H1932 הוּא, הִיא
1932 huw hoo
(Aramaic) or (feminine) hiyo (Aramaic) {he}; corresponding to
1931:--X are, it, this.
see HEBREW for 01931
הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.
1) he, she, it
1a) (emphasising and resuming subject)
1b)(anticipating subj)
1c) as demons pron
1d) (relative)
1e) (affirming existence)
AC/Pp3fs — Conjunction · pronounAC/Pp3fs
קוּם (qum) means to rise or stand, and encompasses a range of actions such as establishing, appointing, and enduring. It can denote both physical rising and figurative actions like coming on the scene or being made to stand. The entries reflect various grammatical forms, including P'al, Pael, Aphel, and Hophal, but do not present any significant disagreement among lexicographers.
[קוּם] vb. arise, stand
Pe.
lit. arise
fig. = come on the scene of history
arise (out of inaction), and build
stand
Pa. set up, establish an ordinance
Haph.
set up
lift up one side
establish
appoint
Hoph. be made to stand
base
H6966 קוּם
6966 quwm koom
(Aramaic) corresponding to 6965:--appoint, establish, make,
raise up self, (a-)rise (up), (make to) stand, set (up).
see HEBREW for 06965
קוּם (qum) — to stand: rise.
: rise/get_going
1) to arise, stand
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to arise from
1a2) to come on the scene (fig)
1a3) to arise (out of inaction)
1a4) to stand
1a5) to endure
1b) (Pael) to set up, establish
1c) (Aphel)
1c1) to set up
1c2) to lift up
1c3) to establish
1c4) to appoint
1d) (Hophal) to be made to stand
קוּם (qum) — to stand: raise.
: raise
1) to arise, stand
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to arise from
1a2) to come on the scene (fig)
1a3) to arise (out of inaction)
1a4) to stand
1a5) to endure
1b) (Pael) to set up, establish
1c) (Aphel)
1c1) to set up
1c2) to lift up
1c3) to establish
1c4) to appoint
1d) (Hophal) to be made to stand
קוּם (qum) — to stand: establish.
: establish/stand_firm/confirm/fulfill/fix
1) to arise, stand
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to arise from
1a2) to come on the scene (fig)
1a3) to arise (out of inaction)
1a4) to stand
1a5) to endure
1b) (Pael) to set up, establish
1c) (Aphel)
Adj — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine singularAVqi2ms
en-dur':
Used in the Bible
(1) in the sense of "continue," "last," as in Ps 9:7, "The Lord shall endure for ever" (the American Standard Revised Version "Yahweh sitteth as king forever"); Ps 30:5, "Weeping may endure for a night" (the Revised Version (British and American) "tarry" margin "may come in to lodge at even"); Joh 6:27, "the meat which endureth," the King James Version, the Revised Version (British and American) "the food which abideth";
עָלַם (alam) refers to concepts of perpetuity and antiquity, indicating a sense of time that is indefinite, whether in the future or the past. It is often used adverbially to mean 'forever' or 'lasting.' The term is linked to the Aramaic word for 'old' and is associated with Strong's H5769.
עָלַם n.[m.] perpetuity, antiquity
base
H5957 עָלַם
5957 `alam aw-lam'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5769; remote time, i.e. the future
or past indefinitely; often adverb, forever:--for ((n-))ever
(lasting), old.
see HEBREW for 05769
עָלַם (a.lam) — perpetuity.
perpetuity, antiquity, for ever
Aramaic of o.lam (עוֹלָם ": old" H5769J)
Adj | N-mp | Art — Preposition · noun common masculine plural determined · particleAR/Ncmpd/Ta