Psalms 2:9 — Word Study
WLCתְּ֭רֹעֵם בְּשֵׁ֣בֶט בַּרְזֶ֑ל כִּכְלִ֖י יוֹצֵ֣ר תְּנַפְּצֵֽם׃
BSAYou will break themrâʻaʻ▸ [shatter, rule with absolute power] with an ironbarzel sceptershêbeṭ [of iron, strong metal] You will shatter themnâphats▸ [dash, smash into pieces] like potteryyâtsar [a potter's vessel, fragile article, earthenware, fragile]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| תְּ֭רֹעֵם | you will break them | Verb qal imperfect second person masculine singular, suffix |
| בְּשֵׁ֣בֶט | with a rod of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| בַּרְזֶ֑ל | iron | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| כִּכְלִ֖י | like a vessel of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| יוֹצֵ֣ר | a potter | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| תְּנַפְּצֵֽם׃ | you will smash them | Verb piel imperfect second person masculine singular, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | You will break them with an iron scepter; You will shatter them like pottery. ” |
| KJV | Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel. |
| ASV | Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; Thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel. |
| YLT | Thou dost rule them with a sceptre of iron, As a vessel of a potter Thou dost crush them.' |
| WEB | You shall break them with a rod of iron. You shall dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel.” |
| BBE | They will be ruled by you with a rod of iron; they will be broken like a potter's vessel. |
Translations agree on the actions described in this verse.
The verse contains two main clauses, each describing an action taken against the nations, with accompanying phrases that clarify the means and comparisons.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 2:9
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Reign of the LORD's Anointedgenerated
Psalms 2:9 speaks of the authority given to the LORD's anointed king over the nations. This verse is part of a larger message where God declares His sovereignty and the consequences for those who oppose Him. The surrounding verses emphasize the significance of His reign and the call for rulers to heed His warning.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 21:8–9 | Your hand will apprehend all Your enemies; Your right hand will seize those who hate You. |
| 2 | Psalm 89:23 | I will crush his foes before him and strike down those who hate him. |
| 3 | Psalm 110:5–6 | The Lord is at Your right hand; He will crush kings in the day of His wrath. |
| 4 | Isaiah 30:14 | It will break in pieces like a potter’s jar, shattered so that no fragment can be found. Not a shard will be found in the dust large enough to scoop the coals from a hearth or to skim the water from a cistern.” |
| 5 | Isaiah 60:12 | For the nation or kingdom that will not serve you will perish; it will be utterly destroyed. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 10 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — תְּ֭רֹעֵם, Te.ro.'emgenerated
The verb תְּ֭רֹעֵם (Te.ro.'em) is a second person masculine singular form of the verb meaning 'to break' or 'to shatter'. It indicates an action of forcefully breaking something into pieces, rendering it ineffective. This verb is often associated with the idea of causing harm or distress.
In this verse, it conveys the power of the ruler to decisively defeat and crush opposition, emphasizing the totality of the action — it is not merely a break, but a complete shattering, indicative of absolute authority.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse centers around two finite verbs: תְּ֭רֹעֵם (you will break) and תְּנַפְּצֵֽם (you will shatter), which govern the objects 'them'. The verbs are paired with prepositional phrases that describe the means of the action, emphasizing the strength of the ruler's authority.
The Hebrew word order places the actions of breaking and shattering prominently, highlighting the severity and decisiveness of the ruler's power over the nations.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates תְּ֭רֹעֵם as αὐτοὺς (them), which emphasizes the direct impact of the ruler's actions on the nations. This choice maintains the focus on the subjects being broken.
The Greek word ῥάβδῳ (with a rod) corresponds to the Hebrew בְּשֵׁ֣בֶט, indicating a direct connection between authority and the means of enforcement.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalms 2:9 describes how the ruler will break and shatter those who oppose him with great power. The verse uses strong imagery to convey the authority and might of the one who reigns, comparing the destruction of enemies to the breaking of fragile pottery.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies ruling with absolute power and authority, using strength to enforce judgment.
Pottery represents fragility, emphasizing the total destruction that can be inflicted on those who resist.
It illustrates God's ultimate authority over the nations and the consequences of rebellion against His rule.
The iron scepter symbolizes strength and unyielding power, indicating that the ruler's authority is both firm and unbreakable.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see authority exercised in my own life, and how does it compare to the authority described in this verse?
- What does it mean for me to recognize God's sovereignty over the nations and my own life?
- How can I respond to the call for wisdom as a ruler or leader in my own context?
- What does the imagery of breaking and shattering teach me about the consequences of opposing authority?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers referenced this verse to discuss the authority given to the Son and His role in ruling the nations, as seen in their writings.
It is necessary to consider how the Father gave the nations to the Son as an inheritance and the ends of the earth as a possession.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 2 →
Are not, therefore, those words that were spoken by blessed David appropriately applied to the Lord whose kingdom extends to the farthest outposts of the earth and the whole world? [It is he] who, like the rod,Early Church Fathers on Psalms 2 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 2:9 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThou shalt break them with a rod of iron,.... Not his inheritance and possession among the Gentiles, the chosen ones given him by the Father; these he delights in, takes care of, protects, and
Read John Gill on Psalms 2 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel. Break them with a rod of iron.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 2 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThou shalt break them, i.e. those people that will not quietly submit to thee, shall be crushed and destroyed by thee. With a rod of iron; with thy mighty power, which they shall never be able to resist.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 2 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 2:9 Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter’ s vessel.Ver. 9. Thou shalt break them, &c.] sc. Those that will not bend thou shalt thus break. Thou shalt roughly rule them (Ainsworth). Christ’ s gracious government of his obedient people, though not so fully expressed here, yet it is to be necessarily understood; and in the last words of the psalm it is plainly held forth, "Blessed are they that trust in him." Thou shalt dash them in pieces (or, scatter them abroad, being already broken) as a potter’ s vessel] i.e. Without any hope of repair and recovery. It is a fearful thing to fall into the punishing hands of the living God, Hebrews…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 2 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(9) Thou shalt break.—The LXX. translated, “thou shalt pasture them,” understanding by the rod (Heb., shevet), as in Leviticus 27:32, a shepherd’s crook. (Comp. Ezekiel 20:37; Micah 7:14.) Elsewhere the rod is a sceptre (Psalms 125:3); in Proverbs 22:15 it is a rod of correction. The use to be made of it—to dash the nations in pieces, as one breaks a potter’s vessel—points to the latter of these significations here. “Then shalt thou bring full low With iron sceptre bruised, and them disperse Like to a potter’s vessel shivered so.” (Milton’s trans.) Psalms 2:10 begins the fourth section of the poem. Subject princes are warned to be wise in time, and, as a religious duty as well as a…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 2 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 9. Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron] This may refer to the Jewish nation, whose final rejection of the Gospel was foreseen, and in whose place the Gentiles or heathen were brought into the Church of Christ. They were dispossessed of their land, their city was razed to its foundations, their temple was burnt with fire, and upwards of a million of themselves were slaughtered by the Romans! So heavily did the iron rod of God's judgments fall upon them for their obstinate unbelief.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 2 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges9. Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron] A figure for the severity of the chastisement that awaits rebels. Or perhaps, ‘an iron sceptre’ (Psalms 45:6), symbol of a stern and irresistible rule. But the word rendered break them, if read with different vowels, may mean rule (lit. shepherd) them. so the LXX (and after it Revelation 2:27; Revelation 12:5; Revelation 19:15), Syriac, and Jerome. In this case rod will mean a shepherd’s staff (Micah 7:14), and the phrase will be an oxymoron. a potter’s vessel] An emblem of easy, complete, irreparable destruction. The confederacy is shattered into fragments which cannot be reunited. Cp. Jeremiah 19:11; Isaiah 30:14; Proverbs 6:15.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 2 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThou shalt break them with a rod of iron - That is, evidently, thine enemies, for it cannot be supposed to be meant that he would sway such a scepter over his own people. The idea is that he would crush and subdue all his foes.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 2 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
You will break them with an iron scepter; You will shatter them like pottery. ”
You shall break them with a rod of iron. You shall dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel.”
You will break them with an iron scepter; You will shatter them like pottery.”
You will break them with an iron scepter; you will smash them like a potter’s jar!’”
Tyndale line
Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel.
Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; Thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel.
Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel.
Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel.
Thou shalt krush them with a scepter of yron, and breake them in pieces like a potters vessell.
Strictly literal
Thou shalt break them with a sceptre of iron, as a potter's vessel thou shalt dash them in pieces.
Thou dost rule them with a sceptre of iron, As a vessel of a potter Thou dost crush them.'
You rule them with a scepter of iron, || You crush them as a vessel of a potter.”
Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; like a potter's vessel shalt thou dash them in pieces.”
You will break them with an iron rod; like a jar of a potter, you will smash them to pieces.”
From the Latin
Thou shalt rule them with a rod of iron, and shalt break them in pieces like a potter’s vessel.
Simplified
You will break them with a rod of iron, smashing them like pottery.’”
They will be ruled by you with a rod of iron; they will be broken like a potter's vessel.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text (MT) of Psalms 2:9 reads, "תְּ֭רֹעֵם בְּשֵׁ֣בֶט בַּרְזֶ֑ל כִּכְלִ֖י יוֹצֵ֣ר תְּנַפְּצֵֽם׃," which translates to "You will break them with an iron scepter; You will shatter them like pottery." The Septuagint (LXX) aligns closely with the MT, maintaining the same meaning and essentially matching all six words in a word-by-word correspondence. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide an alternative reading for this verse, thus supporting the MT's wording and meaning. Overall, the witnesses agree on the text of this verse, affirming its consistency across these ancient sources.
תְּ֭רֹעֵם בְּשֵׁ֣בֶט בַּרְזֶ֑ל כִּכְלִ֖י יוֹצֵ֣ר תְּנַפְּצֵֽם׃
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 2:9
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
רָעַע (ra`a`) is a Hebrew verb with meanings related to being evil or breaking. It encompasses a range of concepts from moral wickedness to physical shattering. The entries indicate that it can refer to causing harm or injury, as well as being displeasing or sad. There is a notable distinction in the lexicons regarding its use in ethical contexts versus physical breaking.
[רָעַע] 98 vb. denom. be evil, bad
Qal
be displeasing
be sad
be injurious, evil
be evil, wicked, ethically
Niph. suffer hurt
Hiph. 70
do an injury, hurt
do evil, wickedly
base
[רָעַע] vb. break
Qal
trans. can one break iron, iron out of the north ?
intrans. break = be broken
Hithpō‛. the earth is broken asunder
base
H7489a רָעַע vb. denom. be evil, bad H7489b רָעַע break
7489 ra`a` raw-ah'
a primitive root; properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking
to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good for nothing,
i.e. bad (physically, socially or morally):--afflict,
associate selves (by mistake for 7462), break (down, in
pieces), + displease, (be, bring, do) evil (doer, entreat,
man), show self friendly (by mistake for 7462), do harm, (do)
hurt, (behave self, deal) ill, X indeed, do mischief, punish,
still, vex, (do) wicked (doer, -ly), be (deal, do) worse.
see HEBREW for 07462
see HEBREW for 07462
רָעַע (ra.a) — be evil.
1) to be bad, be evil
1a)(Qal)
1a1) to be displeasing
1a2) to be sad
1a3) to be injurious, be evil
1a4) to be wicked, be evil (ethically)
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to do an injury or hurt
1b2) to do evil or wickedly
1b3) mischief (participle)
רָעַע (ra.a) — to shatter.
1) to break, shatter
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to break
1a2) broken (participle)
1a3) to be broken
1b) (Hithpolel) to be broken, be broken in pieces, be broken asunder
V-Qal-Imperf-2ms | Suff — Verb qal imperfect second person masculine singular · suffixHVqi2ms/Sp3mp
שֵׁ֫בֶט (shebet) refers to both a physical object and a social group. It can mean a rod, staff, or sceptre, often associated with authority or punishment, as well as a tribe or clan. The word is built from a root likely meaning to branch off, indicating both literal and figurative uses.
שֵׁ֫בֶט 189 n.m. 1. rod, staff, club, sceptre. 2. tribe
base
H7626 שֵׁ֫בֶט 1. rod, staff, club, sceptre. 2. tribe
7626 shebet shay'-bet
from an unused root probably meaning to branch off; a scion,
i.e. (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting,
ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan:--X
correction, dart, rod, sceptre, staff, tribe.
שֵׁ֫בֶט (she.vet) — tribe: staff.
: staff
1) rod, staff, branch, offshoot, club, sceptre, tribe
1a) rod, staff
1b) shaft (of spear, dart)
1c) club (of shepherd's implement)
1d) truncheon, sceptre (mark of authority)
1e) clan, tribe
שֵׁ֫בֶט (she.vet) — tribe.
: tribe
1) rod, staff, branch, offshoot, club, sceptre, tribe
1a) rod, staff
1b) shaft (of spear, dart)
1c) club (of shepherd's implement)
1d) truncheon, sceptre (mark of authority)
1e) clan, tribe
שֵׁ֫בֶט (she.vet) — tribe: javelin.
: javelin
1) rod, staff, branch, offshoot, club, sceptre, tribe
1a) rod, staff
1b) shaft (of spear, dart)
1c) club (of shepherd's implement)
1d) truncheon, sceptre (mark of authority)
1e) clan, tribe
שֵׁ֫בֶט (she.vet) — tribe: ruler.
: ruler
1) rod, staff, branch, offshoot, club, sceptre, tribe
1a) rod, staff
1b) shaft (of spear, dart)
1c) club (of shepherd's implement)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
בַּרְזֶל (barzel) means 'iron' and can refer to iron ore or iron implements like tools and utensils. It also carries figurative meanings related to harshness, strength, or oppression. The word may be derived from a root associated with cutting. There is an Aramaic equivalent, פַּרְזֶל (parzel), also meaning 'iron'.
בַּרְזֶל n.m. iron
iron, lit.
tool of iron
iron in fig. of unwatered earth
base
H1270 בַּרְזֶל iron
1270 barzel bar-zel'
perhaps from the root of 1269; iron (as cutting); by
extension, an iron implement:--(ax) head, iron.
see HEBREW for 01269
בַּרְזֶל (bar.zel) — iron.
1) iron
1a) iron
1a1) iron ore
1a2) as material of furniture, utensils, implements
2) tool of iron
3) harshness, strength, oppression (fig.)
Aramaic equivalent: par.zel (פַּרְזֶל "iron" H6523)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
Iron
Tubal-Cain is the first-mentioned worker in iron (Gen. 4:22). The Egyptians wrought it at Sinai before the Exodus. David prepared it in great abundance for the temple (1 Chr. 22:3: 29:7). The merchants of Dan and Javan brought it to the market of Tyre (Ezek. 27:19). Various instruments are mentioned as made of iron (Deut. 27:5; 19:5; Josh. 17:16, 18; 1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam. 12:31; 2 Kings 6:5, 6; 1 Chr.…
is mentioned with brass as the earliest of known metals. (Genesis 4:22) The natural wealth in iron of the soil of Canaan is indicated by describing it as a land whose stones are iron." (8:9) (Recent explorations have shown that iron ore is abundant in the northern part of Palestine. --ED.) The book of Job contains passages which indicate that iron was a metal well known. Sheet-iron was used for cooking utensils. (Ezekiel 4:3) cf. Levi 7:9 That it was plentiful in the time of David appears from (1 Chronicles 22:3) The market of Tyre was supplied with bright or polished iron by the merchants of by Dan and Javan. (Ezekiel 27:19) The Chalybes of the Pontus were celebrated as…
Was early known and wrought, Ge 4:22. Moses often alludes to it. He compares the bondage in Egypt to a furnace for smelting iron, and speaks of the iron ore of Canaan, De 3:11 4:20 8:9. Many different articles and tools were anciently made of it. Immense quantities were provided for the building of the temple, 1Ch 29:2,7. "Iron" is used to illustrated slavery, strength, obstinacy, fortitude, affliction, etc., De 28:48 Job 40:18 Isa 48:4 Jer 1:18 Eze 22:18,20…
כְּלִי (kliy) refers to an article or utensil, encompassing a wide range of objects such as vessels, tools, and implements used for various purposes, including music and warfare. It is derived from a root meaning 'to prepare' and can denote anything from furniture to weapons. The entries highlight its general use in the Old Testament without significant disagreement among lexicons.
כְּלִי 324 n.m. article, utensil, vessel
base
H3627 כְּלִי article, utensil, vessel
3627 kliy kel-ee'
from 3615; something prepared, i.e. any apparatus (as an
implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon):--armour
((-bearer)), artillery, bag, carriage, + furnish, furniture,
instrument, jewel, that is made of, X one from another, that
which pertaineth, pot, + psaltery, sack, stuff, thing, tool,
vessel, ware, weapon, + whatsoever.
see HEBREW for 03615
כְּלִי (ke.li) — article/utensil.
1) article, vessel, implement, utensil
1a) article, object (general)
1b) utensil, implement, apparatus, vessel
1b1) implement (of hunting or war)
1b2) implement (of music)
1b3) implement, tool (of labour)
1b4) equipment, yoke (of oxen)
1b5) utensils, furniture
1c) vessel, receptacle (general)
1d) vessels (boats) of paper-reed
HR/Ncmsc — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word יָצַר (yatsar) means to form or fashion, often in the context of creation, whether by human or divine activity. It encompasses the act of shaping, as a potter does, and can refer to the formation of individuals or the people of Israel. The word also implies planning or preordaining in a figurative sense.
יָצַר vb. form, fashion
Qal
of human activity
of divine activity
Niph. before me a god was not formed (created)
Pu. days (that) were pre-ordained (in divine purpose)
Hoph. any weapon that is formed against thee will not prosper.
base
H3335 יָצַר form, fashion
3335 yatsar yaw-tsar'
probably identical with 3334 (through the squeezing into
shape); ((compare 3331)); to mould into a form; especially as
a potter; figuratively, to determine (i.e. form a
resolution):--X earthen, fashion, form, frame, make(-r),
potter, purpose.
see HEBREW for 03334
see HEBREW for 03331
יָצַר (ya.tsar) — to form: formed.
: formed
1) to form, fashion, frame
1a) (Qal) to form, fashion
1a1) of human activity
1a2) of divine activity
1a2a) of creation
1a2a1) of original creation
1a2a2) of individuals at conception
1a2a3) of Israel as a people
1a2b) to frame, pre-ordain, plan (fig. of divine) purpose of a situation)
1b) (Niphal) to be formed, be created
1c) (Pual) to be predetermined, be pre-ordained
1d) (Hophal) to be formed
יָצַר (ya.tsar) — to form: potter.
: potter
1) to form, fashion, frame
1a) (Qal) to form, fashion
1a1) of human activity
1a2) of divine activity
1a2a) of creation
1a2a1) of original creation
1a2a2) of individuals at conception
1a2a3) of Israel as a people
1a2b) to frame, pre-ordain, plan (fig. of divine) purpose of a situation)
1b) (Niphal) to be formed, be created
1c) (Pual) to be predetermined, be pre-ordained
1d) (Hophal) to be formed
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
A maker of earthenware, Ge 24:14-15; Jud 7:16,19; Ps 2:9. Ancient Egyptian paintings represent the potter turning and shaping, on his small and simple wheel made to revolve rapidly by the foot, the lump of clay, which he had previously kneaded with his feet. A pan of water stands by his side, with which he kept the clay moist. After the body of the vessel was worked into shape and beauty, the handle was affixed to it, devices traced upon it, and after drying a little, it was carefully taken to the oven and baked. The potter’s control over the clay illustrates the sovereignty of God, who made us of clay, and forms and disposes of us as he deems good: "O house of Israel, cannot I do with you as this potter? saith the Lord.…
נָפַץ (naphats) is a Hebrew verb meaning to shatter or disperse. It encompasses actions such as breaking into pieces, scattering, and pulverizing. The word appears in various forms, including Qal (to shatter), Piel (to dash to pieces), and Pual (to pulverize). The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[נָפַץ] vb. shatter
Qal and a shattering (= and shattered) the jars
Pi. dash to pieces
Pu. like chalk-stones pulverized.
base
נָפַץ vb. disperse, be scattered
base
H5310a נָפַץ shatter H5310b נָפַץ disperse, be scattered
5310 naphats naw-fats'
a primitive root; to dash to pieces, or scatter:--be beaten
in sunder, break (in pieces), broken, dash (in pieces), cause
to be discharged, dispersed, be overspread, scatter.
נָפַץ (na.phats) — to shatter.
1) to shatter, break, dash, beat in pieces
1a)(Qal)
1a1) to shatter
1a2) shattering (infinitive)
1b) (Piel) to dash to pieces
1c) (Pual) to pulverise
נָפַץ (na.phats) — to disperse.
1) be scattered
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be scattered
1a2) dispersed (participle)
V-Piel-Imperf-2ms | Suff — Verb piel imperfect second person masculine singular · suffixHVpi2ms/Sp3mp