Daniel 7:10 — Word Study
WLCנְהַ֣ר דִּי־ נ֗וּר נָגֵ֤ד וְנָפֵק֙ מִן־ קֳדָמ֔וֹהִי אֶ֤לֶף אַלְפִין֙ יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנֵּ֔הּ וְרִבּ֥וֹ רִבְבָ֖ן קָֽדָמ֣וֹהִי יְקוּמ֑וּן דִּינָ֥א יְתִ֖ב וְסִפְרִ֥ין פְּתִֽיחוּ׃
BSAA rivernᵉhar [stream, flood] ofdîy firenûwr [flames, fiery] was flowingnᵉgad△ [proceeding, issuing] coming outnᵉphaq [going out, brought forth] frommin His presenceqŏdâm [before Him, from His face] Thousandsʼălaph [a thousand thousands, many thousands] upon thousandsʼălaph [myriads, ten thousand times ten thousand] attended Himshᵉmash△ [ministered, served] and myriadsribbôw [countless, innumerable] upon myriadsribbôw [tens of thousands] stoodqûwm [rose up, established] before Himqŏdâm [in the presence of] The courtdîyn [judgment, tribunal] was convenedyᵉthib [set, seated] ◂and the booksçᵉphar [scrolls, records] were openedpᵉthach [unsealed, revealed]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| נְהַ֣ר | a river | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| דִּי־ | of | Conjunction |
| נ֗וּר | fire | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| נָגֵ֤ד | [was] flowing | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine singular |
| וְנָפֵק֙ | and [was] coming out | Conjunction, verb qal participle (active) masculine singular |
| מִן־ | from | Preposition |
| קֳדָמ֔וֹהִי | before him | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| אֶ֤לֶף | a thousand of | Adj |
| אַלְפִין֙ | thousands | Adj |
| יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנֵּ֔הּ | they were ministering to him | Verb piel imperfect third person masculine plural, suffix |
| וְרִבּ֥וֹ | and a myriad of | Conjunction, noun common both singular construct |
| רִבְבָ֖ן | myriads | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| קָֽדָמ֣וֹהִי | before him | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| יְקוּמ֑וּן | they were standing | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| דִּינָ֥א | court the | Noun common both singular determined, particle |
| יְתִ֖ב | it sat | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| וְסִפְרִ֥ין | and books | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| פְּתִֽיחוּ׃ | they were opened | Verb plural, third person masculine plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | A river of fire was flowing, coming out from His presence. Thousands upon thousands attended Him, and myriads upon myriads stood before Him. The court was convened, and the books were opened. |
| KJV | A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him: thousand thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: the judgment was set, and the books were opened. |
| ASV | A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him: thousands of thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: the judgment was set, and the books were opened. |
| YLT | A flood of fire is proceeding and coming forth from before Him, a thousand thousands do serve Him, and a myriad of myriads before Him do rise up, the Judge is seated, and the books have been opened. |
| WEB | A fiery stream issued and came out from before him. Thousands of thousands ministered to him. Ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him. The judgment was set. The books were opened. |
| BBE | A stream of fire was flowing and coming out from before him: a thousand thousands were his servants, and ten thousand times ten thousand were in their places before him: the judge was seated and the books were open. |
Where they part company is נְהַר — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has a main clause with several descriptive phrases and additional clauses that expand on the scene.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectסְפַר
verbנְגַד
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
2 of 18 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Daniel 7:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Vision of the Ancient of Daysgenerated
Daniel 7:10 presents a powerful vision of divine judgment, where a river of fire flows from God's presence, symbolizing purity and judgment. This scene is filled with thousands of attendants and myriads standing before God, indicating His sovereignty and the vastness of His authority. The court is convened, and the books are opened, signifying the judgment process, echoing themes found in other biblical texts about divine judgment, such as in Psalm 50:3 and Isaiah 66:15-16.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 50:3 | Our God approaches and will not be silent! Consuming fire precedes Him, and a tempest rages around Him. |
| 2 | Psalm 97:2–3 | Clouds and darkness surround Him; righteousness and justice are His throne’s foundation. |
| 3 | Isaiah 30:27–33 | Behold, the Name of the LORD comes from afar, with burning anger and dense smoke. His lips are full of fury, and His tongue is like a consuming fire. |
| 4 | Isaiah 66:15–16 | For behold, the LORD will come with fire— His chariots are like a whirlwind— to execute His anger with fury and His rebuke with flames of fire. |
| 5 | Nahum 1:5–6 |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 16 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — נְהַר, ne.Hargenerated
The word נְהַר (nehar) means 'river' and is often associated with the Euphrates. It describes a flowing body of water, symbolizing life and abundance in biblical texts. In this verse, it conveys the idea of a powerful stream emanating from God's presence, reinforcing His majesty and the purity of the judgment being enacted.
This word appears in various contexts throughout the Hebrew Bible, emphasizing its meaning consistently as a river or stream. The parsing indicates it is a common noun in the singular form, which aligns with its usage here to describe the singular, significant river flowing from God.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which renders נְהַר as river. Other versions, such as the KJV and ASV, also translate it as stream or flood, highlighting the flowing nature of the imagery.
Where translations differ, they vary on the rendering of נ֗וּר — fire (most versions) versus fiery (ASV, KJV), and on אֶ֤לֶף as a thousand thousands (BBE, FBV) versus many thousands (NETB). These differences reflect nuances in the interpretation of the text.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse centers around the main action of the flowing river, with several clauses expanding on the scene. The finite verb נָגֵ֤ד (na.Ged) governs the description of the river and its source, while the subsequent clauses detail the attendants and the judicial setting.
The sentence is constructed with a series of noun phrases and verb phrases, creating a vivid picture of the heavenly court. The use of participial and prepositional phrases adds depth, indicating the ongoing actions and the divine presence.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates נְהַר as ποταμὸς (potamos), which also means 'river.' This choice maintains the imagery of a flowing body of water, consistent with the Hebrew text and emphasizing the life-giving aspect of the river.
The Greek word πυρός (pur) for נ֗וּר corresponds closely to its Hebrew counterpart, focusing on the fiery nature of the river, thus preserving the intense imagery present in the original Hebrew.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Daniel 7:10 describes a vision where a river of fire flows from God's presence, attended by countless beings. The court is set, and the books are opened, indicating a scene of divine judgment and authority.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The river of fire symbolizes God's purity and judgment, emphasizing His authority in the divine court.
The thousands and myriads represent the countless beings who attend to God, highlighting the vastness of His court.
The convening of the court signifies the initiation of divine judgment, where God's decisions are made based on the records held in the books.
The opening of the books represents the revealing of records, likely of deeds or judgments, as part of the divine judgment process.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How does the imagery of the river of fire impact your understanding of God's judgment?
- In what ways do you see the concept of divine authority reflected in your life?
- What does it mean to you that countless beings attend to God in this vision?
- How can you apply the idea of divine judgment in your own decision-making?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers reference this verse to discuss themes of divine judgment and Christ's authority, providing insights into its theological implications.
But as it is in the mockery that Celsus says we speak of “God coming down like a torturer bearing fire” and thus compels us unseasonably to investigate words of deeper meaning, we shall make a few remarks,Early Church Fathers on Daniel 7 →
And to him to whom we offer firstfruits we also send up our prayers, “having a great high priest who has passed into the heavens, Jesus the Son of God,” and “we hold fast this profession” as long as we live;Early Church Fathers on Daniel 7 →
“The Son of man,” it is written, “shall come in his glory, and all the angels with him.” Note, my friend, before how many you will come to be judged. Every race of humankind will be present then.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 7 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Daniel 7:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleA fiery stream issued and came forth from before him,.... Or, "a river of fire" (s); which denotes the copious judgments of God, the abundance of them; the full flow of his wrath, and the fierceness
Read John Gill on Daniel 7 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryA fiery stream issued and came forth from before him: thousand thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: the judgment was set, and the books were opened.
Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 7 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleA fiery stream issued; see Psalms 1 3; noting his justice and wrath, in giving sentence and executing it. Ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: this is the great assize. The judgment was set, and the books were opened: see ,12. This, say some, is spoken agreeable to the Synedrium or Sanhedrim, and after the manner of men, and notes the book of life, of God’ s eternal decree, the book of God’ s omniscience, &c.
Read Matthew Poole on Daniel 7 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDaniel 7:10 A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him: thousand thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: the judgment was set, and the books were opened.Ver. 10. A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him.] The last and great judgment must needs be very dreadful, where, beside that wicked men shall give account with all the world flaming about their ears, the law they shall be judged by is a fiery law, the tribunal of fire, the judge a consuming fire; his attendants flaming seraphims; his pleading with sinners shall be in flames of fire; the trial of their works shall be by fire; the place of punishment a lake of fire, fed…
Read John Trapp on Daniel 7 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(10) The books—i.e., the unerring record of man’s thoughts, words, and deeds, which is written in the unfailing memory of God. (Comp. Exodus 32:32; Psalms 56:8; Psalms 69:28; Isaiah 4:3; Malachi 3:16.)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Daniel 7 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 10. A fiery stream issued] This is not spoken of the final judgment; but of that which he was to execute upon this fourth beast, the Roman empire; and the little boasting horn, which is a part of the fourth beast, and must fall when the other falls.
Read AdamClarke on Daniel 7 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10. a stream of fire … from before him] For ‘from before,’ cf. Daniel 5:24; and on Daniel 6:10. Comp. also Revelation 1:14, ‘his eyes were as a flame of fire.’ thousand thousands] Cf. Deuteronomy 33:2, R.V. (if the existing Heb. text of line 4 is correct); also 1 Kings 22:19; Zechariah 14:5 end, R.V.; Enoch i. 9 (cited, with slight verbal differences [see Charles’ ed. p. 327], in Judges 14, 15 [for ‘saints’ in Daniel 7:14, A.V., see the note on Daniel 8:13]). The present passage is doubtless the source of Enoch xiv. 22 (cited on Daniel 7:9), xl. 1 (cited below, p. 106); cf. lx. 1, lxxi. 8, 13; and of Rev 5:11. ministered … stood] Better, were ministering … were standing, the tenses being as…
Read Cambridge on Daniel 7 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleA fiery stream issued and came forth from before him - Streams of fire seemed to burst forth from his throne. Representations of this kind abound in the Scriptures to illustrate the majesty and glory of God.
Read Albert Barnes on Daniel 7 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
A river of fire was flowing, coming out from His presence. Thousands upon thousands attended Him, and myriads upon myriads stood before Him. The court was convened, and the books were opened.
A fiery stream issued and came out from before him. Thousands of thousands ministered to him. Ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him. The judgment was set. The books were opened.
A river of fire was flowing, coming out from His presence. Thousands upon thousands attended Him, and myriads upon myriads stood before Him. The court was convened, and the books were opened.
A river of fire was streaming forth and proceeding from his presence. Many thousands were ministering to him; Many tens of thousands stood ready to serve him. The court convened and the books were opened.
Tyndale line
A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him: thousand thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: the judgment was set, and the books were opened.
A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him: thousands of thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: the judgment was set, and the books were opened.
A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him: thousand thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: the judgment was set, and the books were opened.
A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him: thousand thousands ministered to him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: the judgment was set and the books were opened.
A fierie streame yssued, and came foorth from before him: thousand thousandes ministred vnto him, and tenne thousand thousands stoode before him: the iudgement was set, and the bookes opened.
Strictly literal
A stream of fire issued and came forth from before him; thousand thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: the judgment was set, and the books were opened.
A flood of fire is proceeding and coming forth from before Him, a thousand thousands do serve Him, and a myriad of myriads before Him do rise up, the Judge is seated, and the books have been opened.
A flood of fire is proceeding and coming forth from before Him, one million serve Him and one hundred million rise up before Him, judgment has been set, and the scrolls have been opened.
A stream of fire issued and came forth from before him; thousand times thousands ministered unto him, and myriad times myriads stood before him: they sat down to hold judgment, and the books were opened.
A river of fire flowed out from before him; millions served him, and one hundred million were standing before him. The court was in session, and the books were opened.
From the Latin
A swift stream of fire issued forth from before him: thousands of thousands ministered to him, and ten thousand times a hundred thousand stood before him: the judgment sat, and the books were opened.
Simplified
A stream of fire poured out, flowing from before him. A thousand thousands attended him; ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him. The court sat to begin its judgment, and the books were opened.
A stream of fire was flowing and coming out from before him: a thousand thousands were his servants, and ten thousand times ten thousand were in their places before him: the judge was seated and the books were open.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text presents the verse as describing a river of fire flowing from God's presence, with thousands attending Him and the court being convened with books opened. The Septuagint has a significant portion of the text that matches the Masoretic Text, but it does not provide a complete translation of the verse, making it difficult to draw direct comparisons. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not have available text for this specific verse, so we cannot confirm their agreement or differences with the Masoretic Text.
נְהַ֣ר דִּי־ נ֗וּר נָגֵ֤ד וְנָפֵק֙ מִן־ קֳדָמ֔וֹהִי אֶ֤לֶף אַלְפִין֙ יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנֵּ֔הּ וְרִבּ֥וֹ רִבְבָ֖ן קָֽדָמ֣וֹהִי יְקוּמ֑וּן דִּינָ֥א יְתִ֖ב וְסִפְרִ֥ין פְּתִֽיחוּ׃
11 of the 18 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Daniel 7:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
נְהַר (neh-har) means 'river' and is particularly associated with the Euphrates. It is derived from a root related to another word for river. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning as a river or stream, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.
נְהַר 14 n.m. river
base
H5103 נְהַר
5103 nhar neh-har'
(Aramaic) from a root corresponding to 5102; a river,
especially the Euphrates:--river, stream.
see HEBREW for 05102
נְהַר (ne.har) — River.
The River
Aramaic of pe.rat (פְּרָת "Euphrates" H6578)
נְהַר (ne.har) — river.
river
Aramaic of na.har (נָהָר "river" H5104H)
Adj — Noun common · both singular absoluteANcbsa
riv'-er:
(1) The usual word is nahar (Aramaic nehar (Ezr 4:10, etc.)), used of the rivers of Eden (Ge 2:10-14), often of the Euphrates (Ge 15:18, etc.), of Abana and Pharpar (2Ki 5:12), the river of Gozan (2Ki 17:6), the river Chebar (Eze 1:1), the rivers (canals?) of Babylon (Ps 137:1), the rivers of Ethiopia (Isa 18:1; Ze 3:10). Compare nahr, the common Arabic word for "river."
River
(1.) Heb. ‘aphik, properly the channel or ravine that holds water (2 Sam. 22:16), translated “brook,” “river,” “stream,” but not necessarily a perennial stream (Ezek. 6:3; 31:12; 32:6; 34:13).
(2.) Heb. nahal, in winter a “torrent,” in summer a “wady” or valley (Gen. 32:23; Deut. 2:24; 3:16; Isa. 30:28; Lam. 2:18; Ezek. 47:9).
These winter torrents sometimes come down with great suddenness and with desolating force. A distinguished traveller thus describes his experience in this matter…
In the sense in which we employ the word viz. for a perennial stream of considerable size, a river is a much rarer object in the East than in the West. With the exception of the Jordan and the Litany, the streams of the holy land are either entirely dried up in the summer months converted into hot lanes of glaring stones, or else reduced to very small streamlets, deeply sunk in a narrow bed, and concealed from view by a dense growth of shrubs. The perennial river is called nahar by the Hebrews. With the definite article, "the river," it signifies invariably the Euphrates. (Genesis 31:21; Exodus 23:31; Numbers 24:6; 2 Samuel 10:16) etc. It is never applied to the fleeting…
This word answers in our Bible to various Hebrew terms, of which the principal are the following:
1. Yeor, an Egyptian word signifying river. It is always applied to the Nile and its various canals, except in Job 28:10 Da 12:5,6,7 2. Nahar, applied, like our word river, to constantly flowing streams, such as the Euphrates. In our version this word is sometimes rendered "flood," Jos 24:2,3, etc.
3. Nahal, a torrent-bed, or valley through which water flows in the rainy season only, Nu 34:5, etc; frequently rendered "brook," Nu 13:28 Job 6:15, etc. Such streams are to the…
דִּי (diy) is an Aramaic word meaning 'that,' functioning as a relative conjunction and a preposition in various contexts. It can indicate relationships such as 'who,' 'which,' or 'because,' and is used in adverbial phrases. The entries highlight its role in connecting clauses and marking possession.
דִּי part. of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of gen. and conj. that, because
base
H1768 דִּי
1768 diy dee
(Aramaic) apparently for 1668; that, used as relative
conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial
phrases; also as preposition of:--X as, but, for(-asmuch +), +
now, of, seeing, than, that, therefore, until, + what
(-soever), when, which, whom, whose.
see HEBREW for 01668
דִּי (di) — that.
part of relation
1) who, which, that
mark of genitive
2) that of, which belongs to, that
conj
3) that, because
Adj — ConjunctionAC
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
נוּר (nuwr) means 'fire' and can refer to both the noun and the masculine form. It is derived from an unused root related to the concept of shining or burning. The word appears in contexts that emphasize its fiery nature.
נוּר 17 n.f. et m. fire
base
H5135 נוּר
5135 nuwr noor
(Aramaic) from an unused root (corresponding to that of 5216)
meaning to shine; fire:--fiery, fire.
see HEBREW for 05216
נוּר (nur) — fire.
fire
Adj — Noun common · both singular absoluteANcbsa
fir ('esh; pur):
These are the common words for fire, occurring very frequently. 'Ur, "light" (Isa 24:15 the King James Version; compare the Revised Version (British and American); Isa 31:9, and see FIRES), nur (Aramaic) (Da 3:22 ff) are found a few times, also 'eshshah (Jer 6:29), and be`erah (Ex 22:6), once each. Ac 28:2,3 has pura, "pyre," and Mr 14:54; Lu 22:56, phos, "light," the Revised Version (British and American) "in the light (of the fire)." "To set…
Fire
(1.) For sacred purposes. The sacrifices were consumed by fire (Gen. 8:20). The ever-burning fire on the altar was first kindled from heaven (Lev. 6:9, 13; 9:24), and afterwards rekindled at the dedication of Solomon’s temple (2 Chr. 7:1, 3). The expressions “fire from heaven” and “fire of the Lord” generally denote lightning, but sometimes also the fire of the altar was so called (Ex. 29:18; Lev. 1:9; 2:3; 3:5, 9).
Fire for a sacred purpose obtained otherwise than from the altar was called “strange fire” (Lev. 10:1, 2;
is represented as the symbol of Jehovah’s presence and the instrument of his power, in the way either of approval or of destruction. (Exodus 3:2; 14:19) etc. There could not be a better symbol for Jehovah than this of fire, it being immaterial, mysterious, but visible, warming, cheering, comforting, but also terrible and consuming. Parallel with this application of fire and with its symbolical meaning are to be noted the similar use for sacrificial purposes and the respect paid to it, or to the heavenly bodies as symbols of deity, which prevailed among so many nations of antiquity, and of which the traces are not even now extinct; e.g. the Sabean and Magian systems of worship. (Isaiah 27:9) Fire for sacred purposes obtained elsewhere than from the altar was called "strange fire," and for the use of such Nadab and Abihu were punished…
In Scripture, is often connected with the presence of Jehovah; as in the burning bush, and on Mount Sinai, Ex 3:2 19:18 Ps 18:1-50 Hab 1:1-3:19. The second coming of Christ will be "in flaming fire," 2Th 1:8. In the New Testament it illustrates the enlightening, cheering, and purifying agency of the Holy Spirit, Mt 3:11 Ac 2:3. By sending fire from heaven to consume sacrifices, God often signified his acceptance of them: as in the case of Abel, Ge 4:4; Abraham, Ge…
נְגַד (ngad) means to flow or stream, with its usage found in the context of clearing a path. The primary reference is in Daniel 7:10, where it conveys the idea of something issuing forth.
[נְגַד] vb. stream, flow;—Pe. Dn 7:10
ref
H5047 נְגַד
5047 ngad neg-ad'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5046; to flow (through the idea of
clearing the way):--issue.
see HEBREW for 05046
נְגַד (ne.gad) — to flow.
(Pael) to stream, flow
Adj — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singularAVqrmsa
נְפַק (nephaq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to go or come out, with a causative sense of bringing forth. It covers actions of issuing or going forth, as seen in various forms such as P'al and Aphel. The entries indicate its use in both a general and causative context, but do not specify particular verses.
נְפַק vb. go, or come, out, forth
Pe. he went out
Haph. bring forth
base
H5312 נְפַק
5312 nphaq nef-ak'
(Aramaic) a primitive root; to issue; causatively, to bring
out:--come (go, take) forth (out).
נְפַק (ne.phaq) — to go out.
1) to go or come out, bring or come forth
1a) (P'al) to go out or forth
1b) (Aphel) to bring forth
Adj | V-Qal — Conjunction · verb qal participle (active) masculine singularAC/Vqrmsa
מִן (min) is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'out of,' and it covers a range of uses including source, reason, and comparison. It can indicate physical origin, temporal aspects, or causation. The entries agree on its various applications, with no significant disagreement noted.
מִן prep. from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more then
base
H4481 מִן
4481 min min
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4480:--according, after, +
because, + before, by, for, from, X him, X more than, (out)
of, part, since, X these, to, upon, + when.
see HEBREW for 04480
מִן־ (min) — from.
1) from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more than
1a) from, out of (of place)
1b) from, by, as a result of, by reason of, at, according to, (of source)
1c) from (of time)
1d) beyond, more than (in comparisons)
Adj — PrepositionAR
קֳדָם (qodam) primarily means 'before' or 'in front of.' It is used in various contexts, including indicating position or time. The entries indicate its Aramaic roots and its connection to another Hebrew word, קָדַם (H6924). Daniel 7:13 is specifically noted for its use.
[קֳדָם] 42 prep. before
base
H6925 קֳדָם, קְדָם
6925 qodam kod-awm'
(Aramaic) or qdam (Aramaic) (Daniel 7:l3) {ked-awm'};
corresponding to 6924; before:--before, X from, X I
(thought), X me, + of, X it pleased, presence.
see HEBREW for 0l3
see HEBREW for 06924
קֳדָם (qo.dam) — before.
1) before, in front of
1a) before
1b) from before
Adj | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixANcmpc/Sp3ms
אֲלַ֑ף (alaph) means 'thousand' and is used in both Hebrew and Aramaic contexts. It corresponds to the number 1,000 and is related to the Aramaic word for the same value. The entries consistently define it as a numeral without any significant disagreement among the lexicons.
אֲלַ֑ף n.m. 1,000
base
H506 אֲלַ֑ף
506 'alaph al-af'
(Aramaic) or meleph (Aramaic) {eh'-lef}; corresponding to
505:--thousand.
see HEBREW for 0505
אֲלַ֑ף (a.laph) — thousand.
a thousand, 1000
Aramaic of e.leph (אֶ֫לֶף ": thousand" H0505)
Adj — AdjAAcbsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֲלַ֑ף (alaph) means 'thousand' and is used in both Hebrew and Aramaic contexts. It corresponds to the number 1,000 and is related to the Aramaic word for the same value. The entries consistently define it as a numeral without any significant disagreement among the lexicons.
אֲלַ֑ף n.m. 1,000
base
H506 אֲלַ֑ף
506 'alaph al-af'
(Aramaic) or meleph (Aramaic) {eh'-lef}; corresponding to
505:--thousand.
see HEBREW for 0505
אֲלַ֑ף (a.laph) — thousand.
a thousand, 1000
Aramaic of e.leph (אֶ֫לֶף ": thousand" H0505)
Adj — AdjAAcmpa
Thousands
(Micah 5:2), another name for “families” or “clans” (see Num. 1:16; 10:4; Josh. 22:14, 21). Several “thousands” or “families” made up a “tribe.”
שְׁמַשׁ (shmash) means to minister or serve, derived from the Aramaic root related to the word for 'sun' (שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ, H8121). The primary usage is found in Daniel 7:10, where it conveys the idea of active service.
[שְׁמַשׁ] vb. Pa. minister;—Dn 7:10
ref
H8120 שְׁמַשׁ
8120 shmash shem-ash'
(Aramaic) corresponding to the root of 8121 through the idea
of activity implied in day-light; to serve:--minister.
see HEBREW for 08121
שְׁמַשׁ (she.mash) — to minister.
(Pael) to minister, serve
Aramaic of she.mesh (שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ "sun" H8121)
Adj | Suff — Verb piel imperfect third person masculine plural · suffixAVpi3mp/Sp3ms
רִבּוֹ (ribbo) refers to a myriad or a vast number, specifically described as ten thousand times ten thousand. This term is found in the context of Daniel 7:10. It is an Aramaic word that corresponds to the Hebrew word for ten thousand, רִבּוֹ (ribbo), which is linked to Strong's H7239.
רִבּוֹ n.f. myriad;—abs. Dn 7:10
ref
H7240 רִבּוֹ
7240 ribbow rib-bo'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7239:--X ten thousand times ten
thousand.
see HEBREW for 07239
רִבּוֹ (rib.bo) — myriad.
myriad, ten thousand times ten thousand
Aramaic of rib.bo (רִבּוֹ "ten thousand" H7239)
Adj | Adj — Conjunction · noun common both singular constructAC/Ncbsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
רִבּוֹ (ribbo) refers to a myriad or a vast number, specifically described as ten thousand times ten thousand. This term is found in the context of Daniel 7:10. It is an Aramaic word that corresponds to the Hebrew word for ten thousand, רִבּוֹ (ribbo), which is linked to Strong's H7239.
רִבּוֹ n.f. myriad;—abs. Dn 7:10
ref
H7240 רִבּוֹ
7240 ribbow rib-bo'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7239:--X ten thousand times ten
thousand.
see HEBREW for 07239
רִבּוֹ (rib.bo) — myriad.
myriad, ten thousand times ten thousand
Aramaic of rib.bo (רִבּוֹ "ten thousand" H7239)
Adj — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteANcfpa
קֳדָם (qodam) primarily means 'before' or 'in front of.' It is used in various contexts, including indicating position or time. The entries indicate its Aramaic roots and its connection to another Hebrew word, קָדַם (H6924). Daniel 7:13 is specifically noted for its use.
[קֳדָם] 42 prep. before
base
H6925 קֳדָם, קְדָם
6925 qodam kod-awm'
(Aramaic) or qdam (Aramaic) (Daniel 7:l3) {ked-awm'};
corresponding to 6924; before:--before, X from, X I
(thought), X me, + of, X it pleased, presence.
see HEBREW for 0l3
see HEBREW for 06924
קֳדָם (qo.dam) — before.
1) before, in front of
1a) before
1b) from before
Adj | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixANcmpc/Sp3ms
קוּם (qum) means to rise or stand, and encompasses a range of actions such as establishing, appointing, and enduring. It can denote both physical rising and figurative actions like coming on the scene or being made to stand. The entries reflect various grammatical forms, including P'al, Pael, Aphel, and Hophal, but do not present any significant disagreement among lexicographers.
[קוּם] vb. arise, stand
Pe.
lit. arise
fig. = come on the scene of history
arise (out of inaction), and build
stand
Pa. set up, establish an ordinance
Haph.
set up
lift up one side
establish
appoint
Hoph. be made to stand
base
H6966 קוּם
6966 quwm koom
(Aramaic) corresponding to 6965:--appoint, establish, make,
raise up self, (a-)rise (up), (make to) stand, set (up).
see HEBREW for 06965
קוּם (qum) — to stand: rise.
: rise/get_going
1) to arise, stand
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to arise from
1a2) to come on the scene (fig)
1a3) to arise (out of inaction)
1a4) to stand
1a5) to endure
1b) (Pael) to set up, establish
1c) (Aphel)
1c1) to set up
1c2) to lift up
1c3) to establish
1c4) to appoint
1d) (Hophal) to be made to stand
קוּם (qum) — to stand: raise.
: raise
1) to arise, stand
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to arise from
1a2) to come on the scene (fig)
1a3) to arise (out of inaction)
1a4) to stand
1a5) to endure
1b) (Pael) to set up, establish
1c) (Aphel)
1c1) to set up
1c2) to lift up
1c3) to establish
1c4) to appoint
1d) (Hophal) to be made to stand
קוּם (qum) — to stand: establish.
: establish/stand_firm/confirm/fulfill/fix
1) to arise, stand
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to arise from
1a2) to come on the scene (fig)
1a3) to arise (out of inaction)
1a4) to stand
1a5) to endure
1b) (Pael) to set up, establish
1c) (Aphel)
Adj — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralAVqi3mp
דִּין (diyn) means 'judgment' and is related to the Aramaic term for the same concept. The entries consistently define it as a noun referring to judgment, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
דִּין n.m. judgment
base
H1780 דִּין
1780 diyn deen
(Aramaic) corresp. to 1779:--judgement.
see HEBREW for 01779
דִּין (din) — judgment.
judgment
Aramaic of din (דִּין "judgment" H1779)
Adj | Art — Noun common both singular determined · particleANcbsd/Ta
kort.
See HOUSE.
Court
The enclosure of the tabernacle (Ex. 27:9-19; 40:8), of the temple (1 Kings 6:36), of a prison (Neh. 3:25), of a private house (2 Sam. 17:18), and of a king’s palace (2 Kings 20:4).
(Heb. chatser), an open enclosure surrounded by buildings, applied in the Authorized Version most commonly to the enclosures of the tabernacle and the temple. (Exodus 27:9; 40:33; Leviticus 6:16; 1 Kings 6:36; 7:8; 2 Kings 23:12; 2 Chronicles 33:5) etc.
An enclosed space or yard within the limits of an oriental house, 2Sa 17:18. For the courts of the temple, see TEMPLE. The tabernacle also had a court. All oriental houses are built in the form of a hollow spare around a court. See HOUSE.
יְתִב (yeth-eeb) means to sit or dwell, with various forms indicating sitting, being seated, or causing to dwell. The entries indicate that it is an Aramaic word corresponding to another root, and it is used in contexts related to dwelling or sitting.
יְתִב vb. sit, dwell
Pe.
sit, be seated
dwell
Haph. cause to dwell
base
H3488 יְתִב
3488 ythiyb yeth-eeb'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3427; to sit or dwell: -dwell,
(be) set, sit.
see HEBREW for 03427
יְתִב (ye.tiv) — to dwell.
1) to sit, dwell
1a) (P'al) to sit, be seated
1b) (Aphel) to cause to dwell
Adj — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularAVqp3ms
סְפַר (se.phar) refers to a scroll or book, derived from a root related to another Hebrew word for document. It is noted in Aramaic contexts, indicating its use in literature or written records.
H5609 סְפַר
5609 cphar sef-ar'
(Aramaic) from a root corresponding to 5608; a book:--book,
roll.
see HEBREW for 05608
סְפַר (se.phar) — scroll.
scroll, book
Aramaic of se.pher (סֵ֫פֶר ": document" H5612A)
Adj | N-mp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absoluteAC/Ncmpa
פְּתַח (pthach) means 'to open' in Hebrew. It is primarily used as a verb, indicating the action of opening, such as windows or books. The entries suggest a straightforward usage without significant variation in meaning across sources.
[פְּתַח] vb. open
Pe. opened (windows).
Pe‛îl books were opened.
base
H6606 פְּתַח
6606 pthach peth-akh'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 6605; to open:--open.
see HEBREW for 06605
פְּתַח (pe.tach) — to open.
1) to open
1a) (P'il) to open
Adj — Verb plural · third person masculine pluralAVQp3mp