2 Samuel 17:28 — Word Study
WLCמִשְׁכָּ֤ב וְסַפּוֹת֙ וּכְלִ֣י יוֹצֵ֔ר וְחִטִּ֥ים וּשְׂעֹרִ֖ים וְקֶ֣מַח וְקָלִ֑י וּפ֥וֹל וַעֲדָשִׁ֖ים וְקָלִֽי׃
BSA[They brought] bedsmishkâb [sleeping mats, or couches] basinsçaph [or containers for holding liquids] and earthenyâtsar vesselskᵉlîy [clay pots, or utensils] as well as wheatchiṭṭâh [a staple grain] barleysᵉʻôrâh [a common food] flourqemach [or meal] roasted grainqâlîy [parched corn, or toasted] beanspôwl [a type of legume] lentilsʻâdâsh [a common pulse, or legume]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| מִשְׁכָּ֤ב | bed[s] | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְסַפּוֹת֙ | and basins | Conjunction, noun common feminine plural absolute |
| וּכְלִ֣י | and a vessel of | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| יוֹצֵ֔ר | a potter | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְחִטִּ֥ים | and wheat | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| וּשְׂעֹרִ֖ים | and barley | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| וְקֶ֣מַח | and flour | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וְקָלִ֑י | and roasted grain | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וּפ֥וֹל | and bean[s] | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וַעֲדָשִׁ֖ים | and lentils | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| וְקָלִֽי׃ | and roasted grain | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | They brought beds, basins, and earthen vessels, as well as wheat, barley, flour, roasted grain, beans, lentils, |
| KJV | Brought beds, and basons, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and flour, and parched corn, and beans, and lentiles, and parched pulse, |
| ASV | brought beds, and basins, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and meal, and parched grain, and beans, and lentils, and parched pulse, |
| YLT | couch, and basin, and earthen vessel, and wheat, and barley, and flour, and roasted [corn], and beans, and lentiles, and roasted [pulse], |
| WEB | brought beds, basins, earthen vessels, wheat, barley, meal, parched grain, beans, lentils, roasted grain, |
| BBE | Came with beds and basins and pots, and grain and meal, and all sorts of dry foods, |
Where they part company is סַף — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has one main clause with several noun phrases detailing the items brought, showing a list format that emphasizes the variety of support.
6 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 2 Samuel 17:28
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Support for David at Mahanaimgenerated
2 Samuel 17:28 describes the provisions brought to David by his supporters when he was in need. The context shows the loyalty of his allies, providing not just food but also comfort items like beds and vessels. This support was crucial as David faced challenges during Absalom's rebellion, highlighting the importance of community in times of crisis.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Samuel 16:1–2 | When David had gone a little beyond the summit, Ziba the servant of Mephibosheth was there to meet him. He had a pair of saddled donkeys loaded with two hundred loaves of bread, a hundred clusters of raisins, a hundred summer fruits, and a skin of wine. |
| 2 | 1 Samuel 25:18 | Then Abigail hurried and took two hundred loaves of bread, two skins of wine, five butchered sheep, five seahs of roasted grain, a hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figs. She loaded them on donkeys |
| 3 | Isaiah 32:8 | But a noble man makes honorable plans; he stands up for worthy causes. |
| 4 | Obadiah 1:3 | The pride of your heart has deceived you, O dwellers in the clefts of the rocks whose habitation is the heights, who say in your heart, ‘Who can bring me down to the ground?’ |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מִשְׁכָּב, mish.Kavgenerated
The word מִשְׁכָּב (mishkab) is a noun that refers to a bed or place of lying down. It can also imply sleep or even a bier, depending on the context. The term encompasses both literal and figurative meanings, including references to intimacy, as seen in Genesis.
The parsing indicates that it is a masculine singular absolute noun, which emphasizes its role as a concrete object in this verse. The lexicons affirm its use as a bed or couch, underscoring its significance in providing rest and comfort.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is led by the verb וַיָּבִיאוּ, and they brought, which governs the list of items that follow. The structure lists multiple nouns that serve as the objects of the verb, showcasing the variety of provisions.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the items being brought, with the verb preceding the objects, indicating the action of bringing as the focal point.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint uses the word κοίτας to translate מִשְׁכָּב, which means beds. This choice shows a straightforward translation, maintaining the focus on the comfort aspect of the provisions.
For סַף, the LXX translates it as λέβητας, indicating a specific type of vessel, which may reflect a broader understanding of the term's use in Greek.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
2 Samuel 17:28 tells us that David's supporters brought him various items for comfort and sustenance while he was in need. This included beds for rest, basins for holding liquids, and food items like wheat and beans. Their actions show loyalty and care during a difficult time.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The items included beds, basins, earthen vessels, and various food items such as wheat, barley, flour, roasted grain, beans, and lentils.
These items were significant as they provided comfort and sustenance for David and his men during a challenging time, illustrating the support of his allies.
The mention of food items indicates the practical needs of David's group, emphasizing their hunger and the importance of nourishment during their time in the wilderness.
Shobi, Machir, and Barzillai were key supporters of David, providing him with essential provisions when he needed them most.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I offer support to those in need, similar to how David's allies supported him?
- How can I ensure that I am attentive to the needs of those around me?
- What does this passage teach about the importance of community during difficult times?
- How can I apply the principles of loyalty and care seen in this verse to my relationships?
Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 2 Samuel 17:28 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleBrought beds,.... For David and his men, who, fleeing from Jerusalem in haste, could bring none with them, and therefore were ill provided while in the plains of the wilderness; the Septuagint
Read John Gill on 2 Samuel 17 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryBrought beds, and basons, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and flour, and parched corn, and beans, and lentiles, and parched pulse, No JFB commentary on this verse.
Read Robert Jamieson on 2 Samuel 17 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleBeds and basons, i.e. all sorts of household stuff, as well as other provisions, all which David now wanted.
Read Matthew Poole on 2 Samuel 17 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments2 Samuel 17:28 Brought beds, and basons, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and flour, and parched [corn], and beans, and lentiles, and parched [pulse],Ver. 28. Brought beds, &c.] Strangers relieve David, whom his own son persecuteth. While the divine bounty serveth us in good meat, though not in our own dishes, we have good reason to be thankful.
Read John Trapp on 2 Samuel 17 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 28. Brought beds] These no doubt consisted in skins of beasts, mats, carpets, and such like things. Basons] ספות sappoth. Probably wooden bowls, such as the Arabs still use to eat out of, and to knead their bread in. Earthen vessels] כלי יוצר keley yotser. Probably clay vessels, baked in the sun. These were perhaps used for lifting water, and boiling those articles which required to be cooked. Wheat, and barley, c.] There is no direct mention of flesh-meat here little was eaten in that country, and it would not keep. Whether the sheep mentioned were brought for their flesh or their milk. I cannot tell. According to Mr. Jones, "the Moors of west Barbary use the flour of parched barley…
Read AdamClarke on 2 Samuel 17 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges28. beds, and basons] The Sept. reads “ten beds with coverlets and ten bowls.” parched corn … parched pulse] If the text is sound, this is the right explanation: but it is strange that the same word should be twice repeated in one sentence to denote different articles. The Sept. omits the second.
Read Cambridge on 2 Samuel 17 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
They brought beds, basins, and earthen vessels, as well as wheat, barley, flour, roasted grain, beans, lentils,
brought beds, basins, earthen vessels, wheat, barley, meal, parched grain, beans, lentils, roasted grain,
They brought beds, basins, and earthen vessels, as well as wheat, barley, flour, roasted grain, beans, lentils,
brought bedding, basins, and pottery utensils. They also brought food for David and all who were with him, including wheat, barley, flour, roasted grain, beans, lentils,
Tyndale line
Brought beds, and basons, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and flour, and parched corn, and beans, and lentiles, and parched pulse,
brought beds, and basins, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and meal, and parched grain, and beans, and lentils, and parched pulse,
brought beds, and basons, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and meal, and parched corn, and beans, and lentils, and parched pulse,
Brought beds, and basins, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and flour, and parched corn , and beans, and lentils, and parched pulse ,
Brought beds, and basens, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and floure, and parched corne, and beanes, and lentiles, and parched corne.
Strictly literal
brought beds, and basons, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and flour, and parched [corn], and beans, and lentils, and parched [pulse],
couch, and basin, and earthen vessel, and wheat, and barley, and flour, and roasted [corn], and beans, and lentiles, and roasted [pulse],
[have brought] bed, and basin, and earthen vessel, and wheat, and barley, and flour, and roasted [grain], and beans, and lentiles, and roasted [pulse],
Brought beds, and bowls, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and flour, and parched corn, and beans, and lentils, and parched pulse,
brought sleeping mats and blankets, bowls and pots, and wheat, barley flour, roasted grain, beans, lentils,
From the Latin
Brought him beds, and tapestry, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and meal, and parched corn, and beans, and lentils, and fried pulse,
Simplified
They brought bedding, bowls, and clay jars, as well as wheat, barley, flour, roasted grain, beans, lentils,
Came with beds and basins and pots, and grain and meal, and all sorts of dry foods,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely on the wording of this verse, with only minor variations in the order of words. The Septuagint matches 10 of the 11 words, demonstrating a strong alignment in the translation.
מִשְׁכָּ֤ב וְסַפּוֹת֙ וּכְלִ֣י יוֹצֵ֔ר וְחִטִּ֥ים וּשְׂעֹרִ֖ים וְקֶ֣מַח וְקָלִ֑י וּפ֥וֹל וַעֲדָשִׁ֖ים וְקָלִֽי׃
10 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 2 Samuel 17:28
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מִשְׁכָּב (mishkab) refers to a place of lying down, such as a bed or couch, and can also denote the act of lying, including sexual intercourse. It is derived from the root meaning to lie down. The term encompasses both literal and figurative uses, including references to sleep and bedrooms.
מִשְׁכָּב 46 n.m. place of lying, couch; act of lying
base
H4904 מִשְׁכָּב place of lying, couch; act of lying
4904 mishkab mish-kawb'
from 7901; a bed (figuratively, a bier); abstractly, sleep;
by euphemism, carnal intercourse:--bed((-chamber)), couch,
lieth (lying) with.
see HEBREW for 07901
מִשְׁכָּב (mish.kav) — bed.
1) a lying down, couch, bier, act of lying
1a) couch, bed
1b) act of lying, lying down or sleeping room, bedroom
1c) lying down (for sexual contact)
Aramaic equivalent: mish.kav (מִשְׁכַּב "bed" H4903)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
סַף (saph) refers to both a basin or goblet and a threshold or sill. It is derived from a root meaning to contain, indicating its use for holding liquids or marking a boundary. The entries highlight its dual meanings, with Brown-Driver-Briggs and Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon both emphasizing its applications in physical structures and vessels.
סַף n.m. basin, goblet
base
סַף 24 n.m. threshhold, sill
base
H5592a סַף basin, goblet H5592b סַף threshhold, sill
5592 caph saf
from 5605, in its original sense of containing; a vestibule
(as a limit); also a dish (for holding blood or
wine):--bason, bowl, cup, door (post), gate, post, threshold.
see HEBREW for 05605
סַף (saph) — basin.
1) a spreading out, basin, goblet, bowl
1a) basin, goblet
סַף (saph) — threshold.
1) threshold, sill
1a) threshold, sill, door-keeper
Conj | N-mp — Conjunction · noun common feminine plural absoluteHC/Ncfpa
כְּלִי (kliy) refers to an article or utensil, encompassing a wide range of objects such as vessels, tools, and implements used for various purposes, including music and warfare. It is derived from a root meaning 'to prepare' and can denote anything from furniture to weapons. The entries highlight its general use in the Old Testament without significant disagreement among lexicons.
כְּלִי 324 n.m. article, utensil, vessel
base
H3627 כְּלִי article, utensil, vessel
3627 kliy kel-ee'
from 3615; something prepared, i.e. any apparatus (as an
implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon):--armour
((-bearer)), artillery, bag, carriage, + furnish, furniture,
instrument, jewel, that is made of, X one from another, that
which pertaineth, pot, + psaltery, sack, stuff, thing, tool,
vessel, ware, weapon, + whatsoever.
see HEBREW for 03615
כְּלִי (ke.li) — article/utensil.
1) article, vessel, implement, utensil
1a) article, object (general)
1b) utensil, implement, apparatus, vessel
1b1) implement (of hunting or war)
1b2) implement (of music)
1b3) implement, tool (of labour)
1b4) equipment, yoke (of oxen)
1b5) utensils, furniture
1c) vessel, receptacle (general)
1d) vessels (boats) of paper-reed
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word יָצַר (yatsar) means to form or fashion, often in the context of creation, whether by human or divine activity. It encompasses the act of shaping, as a potter does, and can refer to the formation of individuals or the people of Israel. The word also implies planning or preordaining in a figurative sense.
יָצַר vb. form, fashion
Qal
of human activity
of divine activity
Niph. before me a god was not formed (created)
Pu. days (that) were pre-ordained (in divine purpose)
Hoph. any weapon that is formed against thee will not prosper.
base
H3335 יָצַר form, fashion
3335 yatsar yaw-tsar'
probably identical with 3334 (through the squeezing into
shape); ((compare 3331)); to mould into a form; especially as
a potter; figuratively, to determine (i.e. form a
resolution):--X earthen, fashion, form, frame, make(-r),
potter, purpose.
see HEBREW for 03334
see HEBREW for 03331
יָצַר (ya.tsar) — to form: formed.
: formed
1) to form, fashion, frame
1a) (Qal) to form, fashion
1a1) of human activity
1a2) of divine activity
1a2a) of creation
1a2a1) of original creation
1a2a2) of individuals at conception
1a2a3) of Israel as a people
1a2b) to frame, pre-ordain, plan (fig. of divine) purpose of a situation)
1b) (Niphal) to be formed, be created
1c) (Pual) to be predetermined, be pre-ordained
1d) (Hophal) to be formed
יָצַר (ya.tsar) — to form: potter.
: potter
1) to form, fashion, frame
1a) (Qal) to form, fashion
1a1) of human activity
1a2) of divine activity
1a2a) of creation
1a2a1) of original creation
1a2a2) of individuals at conception
1a2a3) of Israel as a people
1a2b) to frame, pre-ordain, plan (fig. of divine) purpose of a situation)
1b) (Niphal) to be formed, be created
1c) (Pual) to be predetermined, be pre-ordained
1d) (Hophal) to be formed
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
A maker of earthenware, Ge 24:14-15; Jud 7:16,19; Ps 2:9. Ancient Egyptian paintings represent the potter turning and shaping, on his small and simple wheel made to revolve rapidly by the foot, the lump of clay, which he had previously kneaded with his feet. A pan of water stands by his side, with which he kept the clay moist. After the body of the vessel was worked into shape and beauty, the handle was affixed to it, devices traced upon it, and after drying a little, it was carefully taken to the oven and baked. The potter’s control over the clay illustrates the sovereignty of God, who made us of clay, and forms and disposes of us as he deems good: "O house of Israel, cannot I do with you as this potter? saith the Lord.…
חִטָּה (chittah) means wheat, referring to both the grain and the plant. It can also denote wheat flour. The Aramaic equivalent is חִנְטָה (chintah). The word's derivation is uncertain.
חִטָּה n.f. wheat
base
H2406 חִטָּה wheat
2406 chittah khit-taw'
of uncertain derivation; wheat, whether the grain or the
plant:--wheat(-en).
חִטָּה (chit.tah) — wheat.
1) wheat
1a) wheat (plant)
1b) wheat flour
Aramaic equivalent: chin.tah (חִנְטָה "wheat" H2591)
Conj | N-fp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absoluteHC/Ncmpa
hwet
((1) chiTTah, the specific word for wheat (Ge 30:14; Ex 34:22, etc.), with puros (Judith 3:3; Sirach 39:26);
(2) bar, or bar (Jer 23:28; Joe 2:24; Am 5:11; 8:6); in other passages translated "grain" or "corn";
(3) sitos (Mt 3:12; 13:25,29,30; Lu 3:17; 16:7; 22:31, etc.) (for other words translated occasionally "wheat" in the King James Version see CORN; FOOD)): Wheat, usually the bearded variety, is cultivated all over Palestine, though less so than barley. The great plain of the Hauran is a vast expanse of…
Wheat
One of the earliest cultivated grains. It bore the Hebrew name hittah, and was extensively cultivated in Palestine. There are various species of wheat. That which Pharaoh saw in his dream was the Triticum compositum, which bears several ears upon one stalk (Gen. 41:5). The “fat of the kidneys of wheat” (Deut. 32:14), and the “finest of the wheat” (Ps. 81:16; 147:14), denote the best of the kind. It was exported from Palestine in great quantities (1 Kings 5:11; Ezek. 27:17; Acts 12:20).
the well-known valuable cereal, cultivated from the earliest times, is first mentioned in ((Genesis 30:14) in the account of Jacob’s sojourn with Laban in Mesopotamia. Egypt in ancient times was celebrated for the growth of its wheat; the best quality was all bearded; and the same varieties existed in ancient as in modern times, among which may be mentioned the seven-eared quality described in Pharaoh’s dream. (Genesis 41:22) Babylonia was also noted for the excellence of its wheat and other cereals. Syria and Palestine produced wheat of fine quality and in large quantities. (Psalms 81:16; 147:14) etc. There appear to be two or three kinds of wheat at present grown in Palestine, the Triticum vulgare , the T. spelta , and…
Is the principal and most valuable kind of grain for the service of man, and is produced in almost every part of the world, Ge 30:14 De 8:8 Jud 6:11 Mt 13:25 1Co 15:37. It is often intended where the word corn is used. See CORN.
The Egyptian wheat, Triticum Compositum, has six or seven ears on one head; so that it presented its usual appearance in this respect in Pharaoh’s dream, Ge 41:5-7. The "meat-offerings" of the Mosaic service, Le 2:1-16, were all made of wheaten flour.
שְׂעֹרָה (se'orah) refers to barley, specifically the bearded grain. It can denote both the plant and the grain itself. The word is derived from a root meaning 'roughness,' which relates to the texture of barley. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meaning.
שְׂעֹרָה n.f. barley (bearded grain)
base
H8184 שְׂעֹרָה barley (bearded grain)
8184 s`orah seh-o-raw'
or snowrah {seh-o-raw'} (feminine meaning the plant); and
(masculine meaning the grain); also s or {seh-ore'}; or s-owr
{seh-ore'}; from 8175 in the sense of roughness; barley (as
villose):--barley.
see HEBREW for 08175
שְׂעֹרָה (se.o.rah) — barley.
1) barley
1a) barley (of the plant)
1b) barley (of the meal or grain)
Conj | N-fp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absoluteHC/Ncmpa
bar'-li (se`orah):
(1) In the Bible, as in modern times, barley was a characteristic product of Palestine--"a land of wheat and barley, and vines and fig-trees," etc. (De 8:8), the failure of whose crop was a national disaster (Joe 1:11). It was, and is, grown chiefly as provender for horses and asses (1Ki 4:28), oats being practically unknown, but it was, as it now is, to some extent, the food of the poor in country districts (Ru 2:17; 2Ki 4:42; Joh 6:9,13). Probably this is the meaning of the dream of the Midianite concerning Gideon: "Behold, I dreamed a dream; and, lo…
Barley
A grain much cultivated in Egypt (Ex. 9:31) and in Palestine (Lev. 27:16; Deut. 8:8). It was usually the food of horses (1 Kings 4:28). Barley bread was used by the poorer people (Judg. 7:13; 2 Kings 4:42). Barley of the first crop was ready for the harvest by the time of the Passover, in the middle of April (Ruth 1:22; 2 Sam. 21:9). Mention is made of barley-meal (Num. 5:15). Our Lord fed five thousand…
is one of the most important of the cereal grains, and the most hardy of them all. It was grown by the Hebrews, (Leviticus 27:16; 8:8; Ruth 2:17) etc., who used it for baking into bread chiefly among the poor, (Judges 7:13; 2 Kings 4:42; John 6:9,13) and as fodder for horses. (1 Kings 4:28) The barley harvest, (Ruth 1:22; 2:23; 2 Samuel 21:9;10) takes place in Palestine in March and April, and in the hilly district as late as May. It always precedes the wheat…
קֶ֫מַח (qemach) refers to flour or meal, derived from a likely unused root meaning to grind. The entries consistently define it as flour or meal, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
קֶ֫מַח n.[m.] flour, meal
base
H7058 קֶ֫מַח flour, meal
7058 qemach keh'-makh
from an unused root probably meaning to grind;
flour:--flour, meal.
קֶ֫מַח (qe.mach) — flour.
flour, meal, meal flour
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
flour.
See BREAD; FOOD.
Flour
Grain reduced to the form of meal is spoken of in the time of Abraham (Gen. 18:6). As baking was a daily necessity, grain was also ground daily at the mills (Jer. 25:10). The flour mingled with water was kneaded in kneading-troughs, and sometimes leaven (Ex. 12:34) was added and sometimes omitted (Gen. 19:3). The dough was then formed into thin cakes nine or ten inches in diameter and baked in the oven.
Fine flour was offered by the poor as a sin-offering (Lev. 5:11-13), and also in connection with other sacrifices (Num. 15:3-12; 28:7-29).
[BREAD]
→ See BARLEY
→ See BREAD
→ See OFFERING
→ See WHEAT
קָלִי (qaliy) refers to parched or roasted grain, which is described as a common food. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to roast' and is associated with the preparation of grain for consumption.
קָלִי n.m. parched grain, a common food
base
H7039 קָלִי parched grain, a common food
7039 qaliy kaw-lee'
or qaliyi {kaw-lee'}; from 7033; roasted ears of
grain:--parched corn.
see HEBREW for 07033
קָלִי (qa.li) — roasted.
1) parched grain, roasted grain
1a) a common food
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
gran.
See AGRICULTURE; GARNER.
Grain
Used, in Amos 9:9, of a small stone or kernel; in Matt. 13:31, of an individual seed of mustard; in John 12:24, 1 Cor. 15:37, of wheat. The Hebrews sowed only wheat, barley, and spelt; rye and oats are not mentioned in Scripture.
See CORN.
The Hebrew word פּוֹל (*powl*) refers to beans, specifically as a collective noun. It is derived from an unused root meaning to be thick, suggesting a plumpness associated with beans.
פּוֹל n.[m.]coll. beans
base
H6321 פּוֹל
6321 powl pole
from an unused root meaning to be thick; a bean (as
plump):--beans.
פּוֹל (pol) — bean.
beans
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
עֲדָשָׁה (adash) refers to a lentil, a type of legume. The word is derived from an unused root of uncertain meaning, and all entries consistently define it as 'lentil' without any significant variation.
[עֲדָשָׁה] n.f. lentile
base
H5742 [עֲדָשָׁה] lentile
5742 `adash aw-dawsh'
from an unused root of uncertain meaning; a
lentil:--lentile.
עֲדָשָׁה (a.dash) — lentil.
lentil
Conj | N-fp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absoluteHC/Ncmpa
len'-tilz ('adhashim; phakos; Ge 25:34; 2Sa 17:28; 23:11; Eze 4:9; the King James Version Lentiles): These are undoubtedly identical with the Arabic `adas, a small, reddish bean, the product of Ervum lens, a dwarf leguminous plant, half a foot high, which is extensively cultivated in Palestine as a summer crop. The flour is highly nutritious, and the well-known food, Revalenta arabica, is simply one form, specially prepared; `adas are highly esteemed in Palestine, and are used in soup and as a "pottage" known as mujedderah. This last is of a reddish-brown color and is without doubt the "pottage" of Ge 25:34. Lentils were part of the provisions brought to David when fleeing…
(Heb. ’adashim), a leguminous plant bearing seeds resembling small beans. The red pottage which Jacob prepared and for which Esau sold his birthright was made from them. (Genesis 25:34) There are three of four kinds of lentils, all of which are much esteemed in those countries where they are grown, viz., the south of Europe, Asia and north Africa. The red lentil is still a favorite article of food in the East. Lentil bread is eaten by the poor of Egypt. The lentil is much used with other pulse in Roman Catholic countries during Lent; and some are of opinion that from this usage the season derives its name.
קָלִי (qaliy) refers to parched or roasted grain, which is described as a common food. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to roast' and is associated with the preparation of grain for consumption.
קָלִי n.m. parched grain, a common food
base
H7039 קָלִי parched grain, a common food
7039 qaliy kaw-lee'
or qaliyi {kaw-lee'}; from 7033; roasted ears of
grain:--parched corn.
see HEBREW for 07033
קָלִי (qa.li) — roasted.
1) parched grain, roasted grain
1a) a common food
HC/Ncmsa — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
gran.
See AGRICULTURE; GARNER.
Grain
Used, in Amos 9:9, of a small stone or kernel; in Matt. 13:31, of an individual seed of mustard; in John 12:24, 1 Cor. 15:37, of wheat. The Hebrews sowed only wheat, barley, and spelt; rye and oats are not mentioned in Scripture.
See CORN.