Ruth 2:17 — Word Study
WLCוַתְּלַקֵּ֥ט בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה עַד־ הָעָ֑רֶב וַתַּחְבֹּט֙ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־ לִקֵּ֔טָה וַיְהִ֖י כְּאֵיפָ֥ה שְׂעֹרִֽים׃
BSASo Ruth gathered grainlâqaṭ▸ [collected, picked up] in the fieldsâdeh [a flat area of land used for cultivation] untilʻad [as far as, up to the point of] eveningʻereb [sunset, the end of the day] And when she beat outchâbaṭ▸ [threshed, knocked out] whatʼăsher she had gleanedlâqaṭ■ [picked up, collected] it washâyâh▸ about an ephahʼêyphâh [approximately, nearly, a unit of measurement, about 9 gallons] of barleysᵉʻôrâh [a type of grain, a staple food]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַתְּלַקֵּ֥ט | and she gleaned | Verb, Piel, sequential imperfect third person feminine singular |
| בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה | in the field | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| עַד־ | until | Preposition |
| הָעָ֑רֶב | the evening | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וַתַּחְבֹּט֙ | and she beat out | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person feminine singular |
| אֵ֣ת | the object marker | Particle |
| אֲשֶׁר־ | [that] which | Particle |
| לִקֵּ֔טָה | she had gleaned | Verb, Piel, perfect third person feminine singular |
| וַיְהִ֖י | and it was | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| כְּאֵיפָ֥ה | about an ephah | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| שְׂעֹרִֽים׃ | barley | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | So Ruth gathered grain in the field until evening. And when she beat out what she had gleaned, it was about an ephah of barley. |
| KJV | So she gleaned in the field until even, and beat out that she had gleaned: and it was about an ephah of barley. |
| ASV | So she gleaned in the field until even; and she beat out that which she had gleaned, and it was about an ephah of barley. |
| YLT | And she gleaneth in the field till the evening, and beateth out that which she hath gleaned, and it is about an ephah of barley; |
| WEB | So she gleaned in the field until evening; and she beat out that which she had gleaned, and it was about an ephah of barley. |
| BBE | So she went on getting together the heads of grain till evening; and after crushing out the seed it came to about an ephah of grain. |
Where they part company is לָקַט — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has a main clause followed by a subordinate clause describing the action of beating out, culminating in the final statement about the amount of grain.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbלָקַט
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Ruth 2:17
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Ruth's Harvesting Effortsgenerated
Ruth 2:17 recounts Ruth's efforts in gathering grain during the harvest season. She works diligently in the field until evening, demonstrating her commitment to providing for herself and her mother-in-law, Naomi. This passage highlights the themes of hard work and providence in the story of Ruth and Boaz, as seen in the surrounding verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proverbs 31:27 | She watches over the affairs of her household and does not eat the bread of idleness. |
| 2 | Exodus 16:36 | (Now an omer is a tenth of an ephah.) |
| 3 | Ezekiel 45:11–12 | The ephah and the bath shall be the same quantity so that the bath will contain a tenth of a homer, and the ephah a tenth of a homer; the homer will be the standard measure for both. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — לָקַט, va.te.la.Ketgenerated
The verb לָקַט (laqat) means to gather or pick up, specifically referring to gleaning leftover crops in a field. It is used in various forms to describe collecting or gathering things, emphasizing the act of gathering what is left behind after the harvest.
In this verse, the Piel form indicates an active effort in collecting, showcasing Ruth's determination and resourcefulness as she gathers grain in the field. The word appears frequently in the context of agricultural practices, underscoring the importance of gleaning in ancient Israelite culture.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verbs govern the main actions in the verse: וַתְּלַקֵּ֥ט (and she gleaned) and וַתַּחְבֹּט֙ (and she beat out). The structure reflects Ruth's sequential actions — first gathering grain, then threshing it.
The sentence flows from the actions in the field to the result of her labor, with the prepositional phrases providing context about where and until when she worked.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates לָקַט as συνέλεχεν (sunelexen), which also means to gather. This choice emphasizes the act of collecting, aligning closely with the Hebrew meaning.
The use of ἐρράβδισεν (errhabisen) for חָבַט indicates a focus on the action of threshing, reinforcing the physical labor involved in processing the grain.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Ruth 2:17 tells us that Ruth worked hard in the field, gathering grain until evening. After collecting what she had gleaned, she threshed it, resulting in about an ephah of barley. This demonstrates her dedication to providing for herself and Naomi.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Gleaning refers to the practice of collecting leftover crops after the harvest, showing Ruth's hard work and resourcefulness.
An ephah is a unit of measurement for dry goods, approximately equivalent to 9 gallons, used in the context of measuring grain.
Ruth's work is significant as it highlights her commitment to support herself and Naomi, reflecting the themes of loyalty and hard work in the story.
Beating out refers to the process of threshing grain, where the harvested grain is separated from the chaff.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can I learn from Ruth's dedication to her work?
- How does gleaning reflect God's provision in our lives?
- In what ways can I support those around me like Ruth supported Naomi?
- What does this passage teach about the value of hard work and perseverance?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Ruth 2:17 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleSo she gleaned in the field until even,.... An instance of her great diligence and industry, attending to this mean employment constantly from morning tonight: and beat out that she had gleaned: she
Read John Gill on Ruth 2 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentarySo she gleaned in the field until even, and beat out that she had gleaned: and it was about an ephah of barley. And beat out that she had gleaned. When the quantity of grain was small, it was beat out by means of a stick.
Read Robert Jamieson on Ruth 2 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleAn ephah is thought to contain about a bushel. See .
Read Matthew Poole on Ruth 2 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsRth 2:17 So she gleaned in the field until even, and beat out that she had gleaned: and it was about an ephah of barley.Ver. 17. Until even.] Strengthening herself to her labour, as that good housewife, and laying her bones to work. About an ephah.] Almost a bushel, her back burden.
Read John Trapp on Ruth 2 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(17) Beat out.—That is, she threshed it herself, so as to save the labour of carrying away the straw. She then found she had an ephah, that is, rather more than four pecks.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Ruth 2 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 17. An ephah of barley.] Not less than seven gallons and a half; a good day's work. On Hebrew measures of capacity, See Clarke on Exodus 16:16.
Read AdamClarke on Ruth 2 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges17. she beat out] Cf. Judges 6:11. an ephah] Approximately equivalent to our bushel.
Read Cambridge on Ruth 2 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd beat out that she had gleaned - Namely, with a stick, as the word implies (compare Deuteronomy 24:20; Isaiah 27:12). This method is still commonly practiced.
Read Albert Barnes on Ruth 2 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
So Ruth gathered grain in the field until evening. And when she beat out what she had gleaned, it was about an ephah of barley.
So she gleaned in the field until evening; and she beat out that which she had gleaned, and it was about an ephah of barley.
So Ruth gathered grain in the field until evening. And when she beat out what she had gleaned, it was about an ephah of barley.
So she gathered grain in the field until evening. When she threshed what she had gathered, it came to about thirty pounds of barley!
Tyndale line
So she gleaned in the field until even, and beat out that she had gleaned: and it was about an ephah of barley.
So she gleaned in the field until even; and she beat out that which she had gleaned, and it was about an ephah of barley.
So she gleaned in the field until even; and she beat out that she had gleaned, and it was about an ephah of barley.
So she gleaned in the field until evening, and beat out that which she had gleaned: and it was about an ephah of barley.
So she gleaned in the fielde vntill euening, and she thresshed that shee had gathered, and it was about an Ephah of barly.
Strictly literal
And she gleaned in the field until even, and beat out what she had gleaned; and it was about an ephah of barley.
And she gleaneth in the field till the evening, and beateth out that which she hath gleaned, and it is about an ephah of barley;
And she gleans in the field until the evening, and beats out that which she has gleaned, and it is about an ephah of barley;
So she gleaned in the field until the evening; and when she beat out what she had gleaned, it was about an ephah of barley.
So she gleaned in the field until evening. Then she beat out the ears of grain that she had gathered, and the grain was about an ephah of barley.
From the Latin
She gleaned therefore in the field till evening: and beating out with a rod and threshing what she had gleaned, she found about the measure of an ephi of barley, that is, three bushels:
Simplified
Ruth worked in the field until the evening. When she beat out the grain that she had picked up it was a large amount.
So she went on getting together the heads of grain till evening; and after crushing out the seed it came to about an ephah of grain.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with 10 of the 11 words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration, but the core content aligns with the Masoretic Text.
וַתְּלַקֵּ֥ט בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה עַד־ הָעָ֑רֶב וַתַּחְבֹּט֙ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־ לִקֵּ֔טָה וַיְהִ֖י כְּאֵיפָ֥ה שְׂעֹרִֽים׃
10 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[ותלקט] בשדה עד הערב ותחבט [את] [אשר] [לקטה] [ויהי] כאיפה שערים
5 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Ruth 2:17
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
לָקַט (laqat) means to pick up or gather, specifically referring to the act of gleaning. It has various forms, including Qal (to gather), Piel (to collect or gather up), and Pual (to be picked up). The entries highlight its use in contexts of gathering, both in agriculture and in collecting money.
[לָקַט] vb. pick or gather up, specif. glean
Qal
pick up, gather
specif. glean
Pi.
gather, gather up
fig. collect (money)
specif. glean
Pu. ye shall be picked up
Hithp. and there collected themselves worthless men unto Jephthah
base
H3950 לָקַט pick or gather up, specif. glean
3950 laqat law-kat'
a primitive root; properly, to pick up, i.e. (generally) to
gather; specifically, to glean:--gather (up), glean.
לָקַט (la.qat) — to gather.
1) to pick up, gather, glean, gather up
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pick up, gather
1a2) to glean
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to gather, gather up
1b2) to collect (money)
1b3) to glean
1c) (Pual) to be picked up
1d) (Hithpael) to collect oneself
Conj | V-Piel-ConsecImperf-3fs — Verb · Piel · sequential imperfect third person feminine singularHc/Vpw3fs
שָׂדַי (saday) and שָׂדֶה (sadeh) both refer to a field or land, encompassing cultivated areas, open fields, and regions opposed to mountains or seas. The terms can denote specific portions of ground and are associated with wildlife habitats. They derive from a root meaning to spread out, indicating flat, expansive areas.
שָׂדַי n.m. field, land
cultivated field
home of wild beasts
plain, opp. mt.
land, opp. sea
base
שָׂדֶה 819 n.m. id. [u.ak.ab]
(ordinary contr. form)open field, country
definite portion of ground, field, land
land, opp. sea
base
H7704a שָׂדַי field, land . cultivated field
. home of wild beasts
. plain, opp. mt.
. land, opp. sea
H7704b שָׂדֶה id. [7704a] . open field, country
. definite portion of ground, field, land
. land, opp. sea
7704 sadeh saw-deh'
or saday {saw-dah'-ee}; from an unused root meaning to spread
out; a field (as flat):--country, field, ground, land, soil,
X wild.
שָׂדַי (sa.day) — Sirion.
This name means field, land, plain
Another spelling of cher.mon (חֶרְמוֹן "(Mount )Hermon" H2768)
שָׂדֶה (sa.deh) — land: soil.
: soil
1) field, land
1a) open field, country
1b) definite portion of ground, field, land
1c) land (opposed to sea)
שָׂדֶה (sa.deh) — land: country.
: country/field
1) field, land
1a) open field, country
1b) definite portion of ground, field, land
1c) land (opposed to sea)
שָׂדֶה (sa.deh) — Field (of the Launderer).
Combined with ka.vas (כָּבַס "Washer's" H3526)
This name means field, land
שָׂדֶה (sa.deh) — land: wildlife.
: wild(animals/plants)
1) field, land
1a) open field, country
1b) definite portion of ground, field, land
1c) land (opposed to sea)
שָׂדַי (sa.day) — field.
1) field, land
1a) cultivated field
1b) of home of wild beasts
1c) plain (opposed to mountain)
1d) land (opposed to sea)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
feld.
See AGRICULTURE.
Field
(Heb. sadeh), a cultivated field, but unenclosed. It is applied to any cultivated ground or pasture (Gen. 29:2; 31:4; 34:7), or tillage (Gen. 37:7; 47:24). It is also applied to woodland (Ps. 132:6) or mountain top (Judg. 9:32, 36; 2 Sam. 1:21). It denotes sometimes a cultivated region as opposed to the wilderness (Gen. 33:19; 36:35). Unwalled villages or scattered houses are spoken of as “in the fields” (Deut. 28:3, 16; Lev. 25:31;
The Hebrew sadeh is applied to any cultivated ground, and in some instances in marked opposition to the neighboring wilderness. On the other hand the sadeh is frequently contrasted with what is enclosed, whether a vineyard, a garden or a walled town. In many passages the term implies what is remote from a house, (Genesis 4:8; 24:63; 22:25) or settled habitation, as in the case of Esau. (Genesis 25:27) The separate plots of ground were marked off by stones, which might easily be removed, (19:14; 27:17) cf. Job 24:2; Prov 22:28; 23:10 The absence of fences rendered the fields liable to damage from straying cattle, (Exodus…
עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while
prep.
of space
Of time
Of degree
conj.
until
While
Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus
of space
Of time
Of degree
base
H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
. conj. . until
. While
. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
5704 `ad ad
properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or
conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,
or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,
while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,
at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),
(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,
till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.
see HEBREW for 05703
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
1a) of space
1a1) as far as, up to, even to
1b) in combination
1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)
1c) of time
1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end
1d) of degree
1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like
conj
2) until, while, to the point that, so that even
Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)
Prep — PrepositionHR
עֶ֫רֶב (ereb) refers to the time of day known as evening or dusk, originally associated with sunset. It can also denote night, particularly in poetic contexts. The phrase 'between two evenings' suggests a time frame between sunset and darkness.
עֶ֫רֶב 131 n.[m.] (sun)set, evening
evening, orig. sunset
du. in phrase between two evenings, i.e. prob. between sunset and dark
(late poet.) = night
base
H6153 עֶ֫רֶב (sun)set, evening . . evening, orig. sunset
. du. in phrase between two evenings, i.e. prob. between sunset and dark
. (late poet.) = night
6153 `ereb eh'-reb
from 6150; dusk:--+ day, even(-ing, tide), night.
see HEBREW for 06150
עֶ֫רֶב (e.rev) — evening.
1) evening, night, sunset
1a) evening, sunset
1b) night
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
Evening
The period following sunset with which the Jewish day began (Gen. 1:5; Mark 13:35). The Hebrews reckoned two evenings of each day, as appears from Ex. 16:12: 30:8; 12:6 (marg.); Lev. 23:5 (marg. R.V., “between the two evenings”). The “first evening” was that period when the sun was verging towards setting, and the “second evening” the moment of actual sunset. The word “evenings” in Jer. 5:6 should be “deserts” (marg. R.V.).
The Hebrews reckoned two evenings in each day; as in the phrase, "between the two evenings," Ex 12:6 Nu 9:3 28:4. In this interval the Passover was to be killed, and the daily evening sacrifice offered, Ex 29:39-41, Hebrew. According to the Carites, this time between the evenings is the interval from sunset to complete darkness, that is, the evening is the interval from sunset to complete darkness, that is, the evening twilight. Compare De 16:6. According to the Pharisees and the rabbins, the first evening began when the sun inclined to descend more rapidly, that is, at the ninth hour; while the second or real evening commenced at sunset. See DAY.
חָבַט (chabat) is a Hebrew verb meaning to beat, specifically in contexts like beating out grain or knocking something off. The entries indicate it can be used in both the Qal and Niphal forms, with the Niphal suggesting a passive sense of being beaten out. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.
[חָבַט] vb. beat off, beat out
Qal
beat off
beat out (grain)
Niph. fennel beaten out
base
H2251 [חָבַט] beat off, beat out
2251 chabat khaw-bat'
a primitive root; to knock out or off:--beat (off, out),
thresh.
חָבַט (cha.vat) — to beat.
1) to beat, beat out, beat off, thresh
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to beat out
1a2) to beat off
1b) (Niphal) to be beaten out
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singularHc/Vqw3fs
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
Rel — ParticleHTr
לָקַט (laqat) means to pick up or gather, specifically referring to the act of gleaning. It has various forms, including Qal (to gather), Piel (to collect or gather up), and Pual (to be picked up). The entries highlight its use in contexts of gathering, both in agriculture and in collecting money.
[לָקַט] vb. pick or gather up, specif. glean
Qal
pick up, gather
specif. glean
Pi.
gather, gather up
fig. collect (money)
specif. glean
Pu. ye shall be picked up
Hithp. and there collected themselves worthless men unto Jephthah
base
H3950 לָקַט pick or gather up, specif. glean
3950 laqat law-kat'
a primitive root; properly, to pick up, i.e. (generally) to
gather; specifically, to glean:--gather (up), glean.
לָקַט (la.qat) — to gather.
1) to pick up, gather, glean, gather up
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pick up, gather
1a2) to glean
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to gather, gather up
1b2) to collect (money)
1b3) to glean
1c) (Pual) to be picked up
1d) (Hithpael) to collect oneself
V-Piel-Perf-3fs — Verb · Piel · perfect third person feminine singularHVpp3fs
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
אֵיפָה (ephah) refers to a dry measure used for grain, equivalent to about 9 imperial gallons or 40 liters. It can denote both the quantity itself and the container used for measuring that amount. The term is derived from Egyptian and is mentioned in contexts related to measuring grain.
אֵיפָה 35, אֵפָה n.f. ephah
a certain quantity of wheat, barley, etc. = ten omers
receptacle or measure, holding an ephah
base
H374 אֵיפָה, אֵפָה ephah
374 'eyphah ay-faw'
or (shortened) ephah {ay-faw'}; of Egyptian derivation; an
ephah or measure for grain; hence, a measure in general:--
ephah, (divers) measure(-s).
אֵיפָה (e.phah) — ephah.
1) ephah
1a) a dry measure of quantity, equal to 3 seahs, 10 omers; the same as the liquid measure bath; (about 9 imperial gallons (40 l), rabbinical writings give sizes of one-half this amount)
1b) the receptacle for measuring or holding that amount
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHR/Ncfsa
Ephah
Gloom. (1.) One of the five sons of Midian, and grandson of Abraham (Gen. 25:4). The city of Ephah, to which he gave his name, is mentioned Isa. 60:6, 7. This city, with its surrounding territory, formed part of Midian, on the east shore of the Dead Sea. It abounded in dromedaries and camels (Judg. 6:5).
(2.) 1 Chr. 2:46, a concubine of Caleb.
(3.) 1 Chr. 2:47, a descendant of Judah.
Ephah, a word of Egyptian origin, meaning measure; a grain measure containing “three seahs or ten omers,” and equivalent to the bath for liquids (Ex. 16:36;
[WEIGHTS AND MEASURES AND MEASURES]
1. A measure of capacity used among the Hebrews, containing three pecks and three pints. The Ephah was a dry measure, as of barley, Ru 2:17; and meal, Nu 5:15 Jud 6:19; and was of the same capacity with the bath in liquids. See BATH, or Ephah.
2. The son of Midian, and grandson of Abraham, Ge 25:4, who settled and gave his name to a region in Arabia supposed to have been near Midian, Isa 60:6.
weary; tired
שְׂעֹרָה (se'orah) refers to barley, specifically the bearded grain. It can denote both the plant and the grain itself. The word is derived from a root meaning 'roughness,' which relates to the texture of barley. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meaning.
שְׂעֹרָה n.f. barley (bearded grain)
base
H8184 שְׂעֹרָה barley (bearded grain)
8184 s`orah seh-o-raw'
or snowrah {seh-o-raw'} (feminine meaning the plant); and
(masculine meaning the grain); also s or {seh-ore'}; or s-owr
{seh-ore'}; from 8175 in the sense of roughness; barley (as
villose):--barley.
see HEBREW for 08175
שְׂעֹרָה (se.o.rah) — barley.
1) barley
1a) barley (of the plant)
1b) barley (of the meal or grain)
N-fp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
bar'-li (se`orah):
(1) In the Bible, as in modern times, barley was a characteristic product of Palestine--"a land of wheat and barley, and vines and fig-trees," etc. (De 8:8), the failure of whose crop was a national disaster (Joe 1:11). It was, and is, grown chiefly as provender for horses and asses (1Ki 4:28), oats being practically unknown, but it was, as it now is, to some extent, the food of the poor in country districts (Ru 2:17; 2Ki 4:42; Joh 6:9,13). Probably this is the meaning of the dream of the Midianite concerning Gideon: "Behold, I dreamed a dream; and, lo…
Barley
A grain much cultivated in Egypt (Ex. 9:31) and in Palestine (Lev. 27:16; Deut. 8:8). It was usually the food of horses (1 Kings 4:28). Barley bread was used by the poorer people (Judg. 7:13; 2 Kings 4:42). Barley of the first crop was ready for the harvest by the time of the Passover, in the middle of April (Ruth 1:22; 2 Sam. 21:9). Mention is made of barley-meal (Num. 5:15). Our Lord fed five thousand…
is one of the most important of the cereal grains, and the most hardy of them all. It was grown by the Hebrews, (Leviticus 27:16; 8:8; Ruth 2:17) etc., who used it for baking into bread chiefly among the poor, (Judges 7:13; 2 Kings 4:42; John 6:9,13) and as fodder for horses. (1 Kings 4:28) The barley harvest, (Ruth 1:22; 2:23; 2 Samuel 21:9;10) takes place in Palestine in March and April, and in the hilly district as late as May. It always precedes the wheat…
